307:
31:
2306:
1675:
1383:
223:
420:
several times between
September and November to ensure the berries are picked at their optimal points. The wine is then fermented in small oak barrels, further adding to the cost. Even with half bottles of the First Growths priced at several hundred dollars, these wines still have difficulties turning a profit, and in the mid 20th century, a string of bad vintages drove many growers in the region out of business.
2318:
355:
337:
Pessac-LĂ©ognan received appellation status in 1987, and produces both red and white wines. All of the estates named in the 1959 Graves classification are located in this appellation. Cabernet
Sauvignon is the dominant grape variety, followed by Merlot and the white wine grapes Sauvignon blanc and
431:
is an appellation for sweet white wines of similar style as
Sauternes, but with no producers as noted as the classified Sauternes properties and therefore with lower prices. On the other hand, the wines are considered superior to those of Graves Supérieures AOC of which Cérons effectively is an
419:
Production costs for this area's botrytized wines are comparatively high. The evaporation and fungus affections produces low yields, one-fifth to one-sixth of that in other
Bordeaux regions. The berries are normally harvested individually from the bunch, with pickers going through the vineyards
205:
was carried out in 1953 for its red wine producers. Dry white wines were included in an updated 1959 classification. In 1987, the part of Graves containing most of the producers of its most expensive wines, closest to the city of
Bordeaux itself, created a separate AOC under the name
297:
Graves
Superieur AOC is an appellation for sweet white wine covering the same area as Graves AOC. The wines are generally considered as simpler than those of Cérons AOC. About 500 hectares (1,200 acres) of vineyards were dedicated to the production of Graves Supérieures in 2004.
73:
and stretches over 50 kilometres (31 mi). Graves is the only
Bordeaux subregion which is famed for all three of Bordeaux' three main wine typesâreds, dry whites and sweet winesâalthough red wines dominate the total production.
289:
Graves AOC is the basic appellation of the Graves subregion, and can be used for both red and dry white wine. 3,100 hectares (7,700 acres) of vineyards were dedicated to this appellation in 2004.
314:
This part of the Graves, located just south of the city of
Bordeaux, is home to the first growth estate ChĂąteau Haut-Brion, as well as all the 1953 classified Graves Growths, including
1717:
394:, are allowed to be labeled either with the commune name (as Barsac AOC) or with Sauternes. The intense sweetness is the result of the grapes being affected by
187:
1830:
186:
After MĂ©doc was drained by the Dutch in mid-17th century, MĂ©doc gradually took over the role as the source of the most prized
Bordeaux wines. In the
2348:
80:
1609:
408:
river produces mist that descends upon the area and persists until after dawn. These conditions are conducive to the growth of the fungus, which
1710:
1431:
165:
subregion north of the city
Bordeaux still consisted of marshland unsuitable for viticulture, while Graves were naturally better-drained.
194:, was included among the red wines, with all the rest being MĂ©doc properties. All the sweet wines of the 1855 classification were from
693:
597:
574:
551:
528:
508:
484:
1839:
315:
1797:
1703:
982:
668:
1149:
1823:
1635:
319:
202:
2190:
1640:
2030:
2296:
1560:
1527:
1356:
168:
412:
the grape and concentrates the sugars inside. The three main grapes are of this are SĂ©millon, Sauvignon blanc and
1772:
1650:
1540:
150:
1816:
1645:
1424:
1366:
1295:
1187:
788:
771:
471:
326:, and vineyards are often separated by rows of forest trees. The soil of Pessac-LĂ©ognan is composed of gravel
1535:
908:
744:
612:
2343:
2338:
1398:
1321:
766:
306:
2120:
1336:
1105:
749:
622:
327:
58:
377:
180:
34:
Appellations within the Bordeaux wine region. The appellations of Graves are numbered 33â37 on the map.
30:
987:
739:
147:
143:
269:
is made in the commune of Sauternes, which is located in the southeast corner of the Graves region.
1777:
1565:
1517:
1417:
967:
661:
343:
339:
123:
210:. This has had the effect of devaluing the name and price of wines simply labeled with the Graves
2095:
1878:
1555:
1060:
235:
88:
428:
387:
1509:
1456:
1040:
977:
593:
570:
547:
524:
504:
480:
476:
466:
391:
207:
2305:
2237:
2150:
2115:
1969:
1914:
1674:
1382:
1300:
1227:
1090:
992:
396:
363:
222:
195:
2273:
2232:
2135:
2100:
1999:
1974:
1655:
1476:
1393:
1179:
1007:
942:
885:
848:
728:
462:
255:
46:
153:, creating a flourishing trade between both countries: wine versus coal and iron. In the
2283:
2263:
2253:
2185:
2165:
2080:
2035:
1984:
1949:
1904:
1883:
1863:
1550:
1545:
1494:
1448:
1305:
1277:
1252:
1173:
1162:
1157:
1055:
1022:
838:
816:
783:
759:
654:
331:
243:
172:
108:
2332:
2322:
2278:
2258:
2216:
2206:
2140:
2110:
2065:
2040:
2020:
2015:
1959:
1944:
1924:
1909:
1888:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1853:
1787:
1782:
1752:
1747:
1575:
1484:
1290:
1285:
962:
778:
754:
617:
62:
130:
deposits that can still be found in the soil of some of the top winemaking estates.
118:
The name Graves derives from its intensely gravelly soil. The soil is the result of
2268:
2211:
2175:
2170:
2155:
2145:
2105:
2090:
2045:
2025:
1994:
1939:
1934:
1762:
1361:
952:
890:
880:
833:
369:
266:
247:
191:
176:
1110:
2310:
2160:
2130:
2070:
2060:
2055:
1979:
1954:
1929:
1919:
1737:
1726:
1679:
1630:
1593:
1387:
1242:
1232:
1130:
1012:
895:
826:
685:
409:
259:
211:
154:
310:
ChĂąteau Smith Haut Lafitte is one of the classified wineries of Pessac-LĂ©ognan.
2180:
2125:
2085:
2075:
2050:
1964:
1792:
1742:
1583:
1499:
1489:
1440:
1346:
1341:
1326:
1262:
1257:
1222:
1120:
1115:
1075:
1002:
947:
937:
932:
919:
875:
863:
853:
811:
637:
413:
100:
1989:
1767:
1757:
1461:
1351:
1331:
1267:
1247:
1237:
1197:
1135:
1017:
957:
858:
401:
368:
Sauternes is an appellation of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white,
323:
104:
17:
354:
226:
A white Pessac-Leognan wine from the classified estate ChĂąteau Carbonnieux
1207:
1202:
1192:
1085:
1065:
1032:
997:
927:
843:
806:
718:
713:
698:
231:
190:, only one Graves property, ChĂąteau Haut-Brion, one of the four original
162:
119:
70:
1660:
1466:
1217:
1070:
1045:
972:
821:
708:
627:
158:
112:
96:
66:
1625:
1588:
1212:
1100:
1095:
322:. In addition to wine production, the area is known for its crops of
251:
239:
139:
127:
92:
52:
1808:
1125:
1080:
1050:
703:
405:
353:
305:
221:
29:
69:
River, in the upstream part of the region, southeast of the city
677:
633:
1812:
1699:
1413:
650:
631:
238:
is the predominant grape, but a somewhat greater proportion of
1695:
84:(AOC) which covers most, but not all of the Graves subregion.
1409:
475:(Third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
183:
was the first recorded mention of French claret in London.
175:, was the first named chateau in all of Bordeaux. In 1663,
242:
is typically used in the blend, with smaller amounts of
171:, founded at the turn of the 14th century by the future
646:
584:
582:
561:
559:
2294:
2246:
2225:
2199:
2008:
1897:
1846:
1618:
1602:
1574:
1526:
1508:
1475:
1447:
1314:
1276:
1171:
1148:
1031:
918:
906:
799:
727:
684:
65:region. Graves is situated on the left bank of the
338:SĂ©millon. The white wines of this area are barrel
142:. Graves wine production for export dates back to
383:Wines produced in the commune of Barsac, such as
538:
536:
161:were produced in this area. At that time, the
1824:
1711:
1425:
662:
188:Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855
8:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
277:The Graves subregion contains the following
138:The Graves is considered the birthplace of
1831:
1817:
1809:
1718:
1704:
1696:
1432:
1418:
1410:
915:
669:
655:
647:
628:
592:pg 102 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005
569:pg 100 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005
157:, the wines that were first exported to
87:The area encompasses villages including
2301:
1610:Clarification and stabilization of wine
503:pg 98 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005
441:
546:, p. 194, Global Book Publishing 2006
254:. The dry white wines are a blend of
45:
7:
25:
694:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
279:Appellations d'origine contrÎlées
2316:
2304:
1673:
1381:
2349:Geography of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
523:pg 134 Workman Publishing 2001
81:Appellation d'origine contrÎlée
544:The Encyclopedic Atlas of Wine
330:with sediments from different
1:
1636:Glossary of viticulture terms
588:H. Johnson & J. Robinson
565:H. Johnson & J. Robinson
499:H. Johnson & J. Robinson
400:, a fungus commonly known as
316:ChĂąteau La Mission Haut-Brion
203:classification of Graves wine
198:, which is a part of Graves.
1641:Glossary of winemaking terms
350:Sauternes AOC and Barsac AOC
2365:
1561:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
361:
320:ChĂąteau Laville Haut-Brion
1733:
1669:
1651:History of the wine press
1541:Sparkling wine production
1375:
644:
265:A well-known sweet white
151:Henry II, King of England
1646:Wine tasting descriptors
1367:Wine tasting descriptors
1296:Phenolic content in wine
1188:Alternative wine closure
772:Great French Wine Blight
472:Oxford Companion to Wine
126:, which also left white
78:is also the name of one
1536:Malolactic fermentation
613:List of vins de primeur
590:The World Atlas of Wine
567:The World Atlas of Wine
501:The World Atlas of Wine
2031:Bosnia and Herzegovina
359:
311:
293:Graves Supérieures AOC
273:Appellations in Graves
227:
35:
1337:Wine and food pairing
623:Bordeaux wine regions
404:. In the autumn, the
374:Premier Cru Supérieur
357:
309:
225:
33:
1773:Languedoc-Roussillon
988:Muscat of Alexandria
358:A Sauternes vineyard
169:Chùteau Pape Clément
144:Eleanor of Aquitaine
27:Bordeaux wine region
1566:Yeast in winemaking
1518:Carbonic maceration
542:C. Fallis, editor,
1556:Traditional method
1357:Wine personalities
1061:Cabernet Sauvignon
360:
342:and aged on their
312:
302:Pessac-LĂ©ognan AOC
236:Cabernet Sauvignon
228:
181:ChĂąteau Haut-Brion
57:) is an important
36:
2292:
2291:
1806:
1805:
1798:South West France
1693:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1457:Late harvest wine
1407:
1406:
1144:
1143:
1041:Alicante Bouschet
789:Judgment of Paris
16:(Redirected from
2356:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2308:
2300:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1697:
1678:
1677:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1411:
1386:
1385:
1301:Proteins in wine
968:GrĂŒner Veltliner
916:
671:
664:
657:
648:
629:
600:
586:
577:
563:
554:
540:
531:
517:
511:
497:
491:
490:
459:
397:Botrytis cinerea
364:Sauternes (wine)
49:
44:
21:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2242:
2221:
2195:
2121:North Macedonia
2004:
1893:
1842:
1840:Wine by country
1837:
1807:
1802:
1729:
1724:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1680:Wine portal
1672:
1665:
1656:History of wine
1614:
1598:
1570:
1522:
1504:
1485:Deacidification
1471:
1443:
1438:
1408:
1403:
1388:Wine portal
1380:
1371:
1310:
1272:
1177:
1167:
1140:
1027:
1008:Sauvignon blanc
943:Cayetana blanca
911:
909:grape varieties
902:
795:
723:
680:
675:
640:
609:
604:
603:
587:
580:
564:
557:
541:
534:
518:
514:
498:
494:
487:
463:Jancis Robinson
461:
460:
443:
438:
426:
388:ChĂąteau Climens
378:ChĂąteau d'Yquem
366:
352:
332:geological eras
304:
295:
287:
275:
256:Sauvignon blanc
220:
136:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2191:United Kingdom
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:Czech Republic
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
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1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
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1734:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1670:
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1658:
1653:
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1643:
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1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
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1606:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1546:Sugars in wine
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1495:Chaptalization
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1405:
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1401:
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1391:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Classification
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1306:Sugars in wine
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1278:Wine chemistry
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:Wine dispenser
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1169:
1168:
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1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:Cabernet Franc
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1023:Welschriesling
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
978:MĂŒller-Thurgau
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
913:
904:
903:
901:
900:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
869:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
801:
797:
796:
794:
793:
792:
791:
781:
776:
775:
774:
764:
763:
762:
757:
752:
747:
745:Ancient Greece
742:
733:
731:
725:
724:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
690:
688:
682:
681:
676:
674:
673:
666:
659:
651:
645:
642:
641:
632:
626:
625:
620:
615:
608:
605:
602:
601:
578:
555:
532:
521:The Wine Bible
512:
492:
485:
465:, ed. (2006).
440:
439:
437:
434:
425:
422:
392:ChĂąteau Coutet
362:Main article:
351:
348:
303:
300:
294:
291:
286:
283:
274:
271:
244:Cabernet Franc
219:
216:
208:Pessac-LĂ©ognan
173:Pope Clement V
135:
132:
109:Saint-Morillon
47:[ÉĄÊav]
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2361:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Bordeaux AOCs
2342:
2340:
2339:Bordeaux wine
2337:
2336:
2334:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2285:
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2257:
2255:
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2249:
2247:South America
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2217:United States
2215:
2213:
2210:
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2204:
2202:
2200:North America
2198:
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2187:
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2182:
2179:
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2174:
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2159:
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2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
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2127:
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2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Liechtenstein
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
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2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
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1291:Acids in wine
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1287:
1286:Aroma of wine
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1150:Major regions
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1129:
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1106:Montepulciano
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630:
624:
621:
619:
618:Bordeaux wine
616:
614:
611:
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606:
599:
598:1-84000-332-4
595:
591:
585:
583:
579:
576:
575:1-84000-332-4
572:
568:
562:
560:
556:
553:
552:1-74048-050-3
549:
545:
539:
537:
533:
530:
529:1-56305-434-5
526:
522:
516:
513:
510:
509:1-84000-332-4
506:
502:
496:
493:
488:
486:0-19-860990-6
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423:
421:
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411:
407:
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399:
398:
393:
389:
386:
385:Premiers Crus
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:dessert wines
365:
356:
349:
347:
345:
341:
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333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
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224:
217:
215:
213:
209:
204:
199:
197:
193:
192:First Growths
189:
184:
182:
179:' mention of
178:
174:
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166:
164:
160:
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133:
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77:
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68:
64:
63:Bordeaux wine
60:
56:
54:
48:
40:
32:
19:
1879:South Africa
1778:Loire Valley
1671:
1528:Fermentation
1379:
1362:Wine tasting
983:Muscat blanc
953:Chenin blanc
750:Ancient Rome
589:
566:
543:
520:
515:
500:
495:
470:
427:
418:
395:
384:
382:
373:
372:such as the
367:
336:
313:
296:
288:
278:
276:
267:dessert wine
264:
248:Petit Verdot
229:
200:
185:
177:Samuel Pepys
167:
137:
117:
86:
79:
75:
51:
38:
37:
2238:New Zealand
2181:Switzerland
2126:Netherlands
1975:Philippines
1727:French wine
1631:Wine bottle
1603:Other steps
1594:Wine cellar
1551:SĂŒssreserve
1243:Wine cellar
1233:Wine bottle
1174:accessories
1172:Packaging,
1131:Tempranillo
760:Noah's wine
740:Phoenicians
686:Viticulture
519:K. MacNeil
376:classified
218:Wine styles
212:appellation
155:Middle Ages
148:who married
18:Graves wine
2333:Categories
2151:San Marino
2116:Montenegro
2101:Luxembourg
1955:Kazakhstan
1915:Azerbaijan
1743:Beaujolais
1510:Maceration
1500:Wine press
1490:Destemming
1441:Winemaking
1347:Wine fraud
1342:Wine fault
1327:Oenophilia
1263:Wine label
1258:Wine glass
1223:Port tongs
1121:Sangiovese
1116:Pinot noir
1076:Douce noir
1003:Rkatsiteli
948:Chardonnay
938:Catarratto
912:by acreage
886:Biodynamic
849:Aromatized
638:winemaking
436:References
429:CĂ©rons AOC
424:CĂ©rons AOC
414:Muscadelle
410:desiccates
324:pine trees
285:Graves AOC
76:Graves AOC
2254:Argentina
2233:Australia
1970:Palestine
1758:Champagne
1462:Noble rot
1352:Winemaker
1332:Sommelier
1268:Wine rack
1248:Wine cork
1238:Wine cave
1228:Screw cap
1198:Corkscrew
1163:New World
1158:Old World
1136:Zinfandel
1111:MourvĂšdre
1018:Trebbiano
958:Colombard
859:Noble rot
839:Fortified
817:Sparkling
784:New World
432:enclave.
402:noble rot
340:fermented
196:Sauternes
122:from the
105:Martillac
89:Sauternes
59:subregion
2274:Paraguay
2166:Slovenia
2161:Slovakia
2136:Portugal
2036:Bulgaria
1990:Thailand
1905:Abkhazia
1884:Tanzania
1864:Ethiopia
1783:Provence
1753:Burgundy
1748:Bordeaux
1477:Pressing
1399:Glossary
1315:Industry
1208:Jug wine
1203:Decanter
1193:Box wine
1091:Isabella
1086:Grenache
1066:Carignan
1013:SĂ©millon
998:Riesling
993:Palomino
736:Ancient
719:Vineyard
714:Veraison
699:Oenology
607:See also
467:"Graves"
328:terraces
281:(AOCs).
260:SĂ©millon
230:As with
120:glaciers
71:Bordeaux
53:gravelly
2297:Portals
2284:Uruguay
2259:Bolivia
2226:Oceania
2186:Ukraine
2141:Romania
2111:Moldova
2086:Ireland
2081:Hungary
2071:Germany
2066:Georgia
2056:Denmark
2041:Croatia
2026:Belgium
2021:Austria
2016:Albania
2000:Vietnam
1960:Lebanon
1910:Armenia
1889:Tunisia
1874:Namibia
1869:Morocco
1854:Algeria
1763:Corsica
1661:Terroir
1619:Related
1467:Vintage
1449:Harvest
1394:Outline
1218:Muselet
1180:storage
1071:Cinsaut
1046:Barbera
973:Macabeo
933:Aligoté
891:Organic
881:Natural
834:Dessert
779:Georgia
729:History
709:Terroir
704:Species
159:England
134:History
124:Ice Age
113:Portets
101:LĂ©ognan
97:Talence
67:Garonne
61:of the
43:French:
2323:France
2264:Brazil
2212:Mexico
2207:Canada
2176:Sweden
2156:Serbia
2146:Russia
2131:Poland
2076:Greece
2061:France
2046:Cyprus
2009:Europe
1995:Turkey
1985:Taiwan
1950:Jordan
1940:Israel
1920:Bhutan
1847:Africa
1738:Alsace
1626:Winery
1589:Solera
1213:Kvevri
1101:Merlot
1096:Malbec
896:Kosher
872:Other
827:Orange
800:Styles
767:France
596:
573:
550:
527:
507:
483:
252:Malbec
240:Merlot
140:claret
128:quartz
111:, and
93:Pessac
39:Graves
2269:Chile
2171:Spain
2106:Malta
2091:Italy
1980:Syria
1965:Nepal
1945:Japan
1930:India
1925:China
1859:Egypt
1793:Savoy
1788:RhĂŽne
1576:Aging
1126:Syrah
1081:Gamay
1051:Bobal
963:Glera
928:Airén
920:White
876:Table
864:Straw
854:Fruit
812:White
755:China
634:Wines
406:Ciron
232:MĂ©doc
163:MĂ©doc
2311:Wine
2279:Peru
1935:Iran
1898:Asia
1768:Jura
1178:and
907:Top
822:Rosé
678:Wine
636:and
594:ISBN
571:ISBN
548:ISBN
525:ISBN
505:ISBN
481:ISBN
390:and
344:lees
318:and
258:and
250:and
55:land
1584:Oak
1033:Red
844:Ice
807:Red
477:325
2335::
581:^
558:^
535:^
479:.
469:.
444:^
416:.
380:.
346:.
334:.
262:.
246:,
234:,
214:.
201:A
146:,
115:.
107:,
103:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
50:,
2299::
1832:e
1825:t
1818:v
1719:e
1712:t
1705:v
1433:e
1426:t
1419:v
1176:,
670:e
663:t
656:v
489:.
41:(
20:)
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