49:
751:
105:
500:
690:
226:
80:
1428:
605:
two seconds. Both sexes drum, but the female less often than the male, and usually more quietly and shorter. Grey-headed woodpeckers often continue to use the same well-resonating drum sites for years – these can even be at a considerable distance from the nest. Grey-headed woodpeckers often use metal covers on masts and roofs as drumming substrate due to their favourable resonance characteristics.
491:. However, these seem extremely rare. It appears that the female partner was invariably a grey-headed woodpecker. Nothing has been reported concerning the fertility of such hybrid offspring. Their plumage resembles a grey-headed woodpecker more closely, but with a red parting on the head, a reddish nape and a brighter iris, while some were conspicuous for their dark coloration.
1414:
770:
The observation of stable or slightly increasing populations in Europe may, however, be based solely on greater effort in recording the species. The overall
European population is estimated at 180,000 to 320,000 breeding pairs. Key populations are found in European parts of Russia as well as Romania.
766:
The grey-headed woodpecker is difficult to record, as isolated breeding pairs don't often call. These are therefore easily overlooked, and population records have corresponding gaps. It is probable that
European populations, especially at the north-western margin of the range, have receded in numbers
604:
nestlings will immediately fall silent if this call is made by either parent. Individual drumming activity by grey-headed woodpeckers can be quite varied, but they drum on more occasions than
European green woodpeckers. Drumming frequence can be 20 Hertz, with a "drum roll" lasting up to 40 beats, or
575:
Grey-headed woodpeckers have uniformly olive green upperparts, transitioning across the neck to a light grey, the head being that latter colour. The typical woodpecker markings are small and not particularly conspicuous. It has a grey head with black moustache, and the male has a red crown. It has a
308:
The grey-headed woodpecker is more demanding than the
European green woodpecker in terms of its habitat. It prefers deciduous forest with a high proportion of dead trees, feeding primarily on ants, although not being as exclusively dependent on this group as the green woodpecker. The grey-headed
584:
Calls made by the
European green woodpecker and grey-headed woodpecker resemble each other. The far-carrying territorial song of the grey-headed woodpecker is more melodic and cleaner than the explosive "laughter" of the green woodpecker. The call series consists of ten to fifteen utterances of
48:
747:, bark and wood beetle larvae, flies, spiders and lice are part of the diet. In late autumn and early winter, grey-headed woodpeckers switch to including significant amounts of vegetable matter, such as berries and other fruits, in their diets on a regular basis.
767:
and distribution. Since the 1990s, populations seem to be recovering as a result of mild winters. Globally, there is a slight reduction in population numbers, but insufficiently so for an elevated threat status. The species is therefore considered safe.
1162:
Winkler, H. & Christie, D.A. (2016). Grey-faced
Woodpecker (Picus canus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from
625:. Its northern limit is at the border between closed coniferous and mixed forest; the southern limit is where tree steppe transitions to treeless shrubby steppe. In East Asia, the species is most differentiated, and south of
560:, differs markedly from the other subspecies in having reddish rather than green above, and red, green and grey below. It has a black crown and nape. Specimens of the more widespread of the two Eastern subspecies,
648:. It has settled medium latitudes of Scandinavia as well as Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. There is contradictory information regarding its occurrence in Turkey. Most likely, several hundred pairs breed in
539:
are green. The breast and underbody are pale grey. The folded primaries are barred brown-black on grey-white. The female lacks the red forecrown but has fine black streaks on the crown. The widely distributed
585:
declining pitch and gradual slowing. The verse may appear melancholic and "dying". The territorial song of females is similar, but somewhat quieter, less melodious, but more croaky and often shorter.
515:
The grey-headed woodpecker is 25–26 cm (9.8–10.2 in) in length, has a wingspan of 38–40 cm (15–16 in) and weighs around 125 g (4.4 oz). The male of the
714:. This reduced ant specialisation of the grey-headed woodpecker allows it to be sympatric with European green woodpeckers and even to breed at about 100 meters from them.
352:
is the Latin for "grey". Gmelin based his description on the "grey-headed green woodpecker" that had been described and illustrated in 1747 by the
English naturalist
1674:
1826:
702:
The grey-headed woodpecker is a somewhat less specialised ant hunter than the
European green woodpecker. In its foraging strategy it is intermediate between many
1726:
681:
Grey-headed woodpeckers breed in May and lay five to ten eggs which are brought up by both parents. The young hatch after 15–17 days, and fledge in 24–25 days.
717:
Nonetheless, ants and their immatures make up the lion's share of the grey-headed woodpecker's diet, particularly in spring and summer. Wood ants of the genus
1806:
771:
Germany has around 15,000 pairs, Austria approximately 2,500 and
Switzerland some 1,500. There are no summary figures for populations outside Europe.
588:
Besides these partner-specific vocalisations, aggressive noises can be heard from both sexes, but more often the male. Typical are individual, sharp
1648:
1687:
477:
297:, it is one of three closely related sister species found in Europe. Its distribution stretches across large parts of the central and Eastern
1344:
1101:
911:
860:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
564:, are usually a little larger and heavier than individuals from the type locality. On average, it is somewhat smaller and lighter than the
451:
60:
1596:
1191:
1395:
1367:
1313:
1241:
59:
1821:
1609:
613:
The grey-headed woodpecker is found in wide parts of
Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, as well as a wide belt south of the
1218:
1692:
1713:
461:
750:
1770:
1547:
927:
508:
353:
312:
In the majority of areas for which population numbers are available, the grey-headed woodpecker is in decline. IUCN's
1731:
1627:
947:
1816:
1640:
565:
488:
476:) was formerly considered a subspecies of the grey-headed woodpecker, but was split as a distinct species by the
290:
774:
As the grey-headed woodpecker prefers undisturbed and ancient forests with natural cohort structure as well as
294:
104:
854:
329:
215:
31:
1811:
1534:
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569:
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is very similar to the nominate subspecies but is slightly greyer and less green. The Chinese subspecies
1752:
1552:
199:
1071:
1025:
832:
1516:
1498:
1337:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic
568:. In the field, this distinction in size is difficult to make. Its size is approximately that of a
516:
469:
433:
325:
69:
1362:. Monograph Series 4. Greenville, Delaware: Delaware Museum of Natural History. pp. 483–488.
1308:
Gorman, Gerard (2004): Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Bruce Coleman, UK.
931:
903:
863:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. pp. 434–435.
936:. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 65; Plate 65.
657:
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99:
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907:
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951:
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but is more golden green above and a deeper green below. The race on the island of Sumatra,
390:
346:
1765:
1539:
874:
775:
638:
499:
409:
400:
334:
1418:
1339:. Vol. IV: Terns to Woodpeckers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 813–824.
1048:
896:
1002:
809:
689:
1635:
1622:
1390:. Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, UK: Bruce Coleman Books. pp. 35, 44, 57–68.
592:
sounds that may, with increasing irritation, be placed in sequence and be continued as
520:
225:
17:
1800:
1700:
1328:
1057:
1011:
818:
778:
for breeding, the destruction of such habitat is the greatest threat to the species.
661:
649:
634:
614:
423:
339:
302:
89:
84:
1503:
1355:
1150:
878:
858:
644:
In Europe, the type subspecies breeds within a wide belt from western France to the
1575:
694:
176:
1562:
1614:
1440:
955:
668:, and Mediterranean islands. In Italy, it is confined to the northernmost parts.
58:
1718:
1661:
1483:
740:
739:
spp. predominate, and with termites may make up 90% of the diet. Besides those,
704:
622:
576:
shorter neck, slimmer bill and slightly rounder head than the green woodpecker.
298:
1427:
883:. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 135.
1778:
730:
419:
360:
309:
woodpecker's nest is typically excavated into dead or severely damaged trees.
286:
166:
156:
1783:
1474:
30:
For the African species sometimes referred to as grey-headed woodpecker, see
626:
116:
1601:
484:
is sometimes recognised as a separate species, the black-naped woodpecker.
1413:
379:, 1886 – east Siberia to northeast China, Korea and north Japan (includes
1468:
744:
708:
species on the one hand, and the often ant-specific members of the genus
618:
136:
1526:
526:
1653:
1511:
735:
719:
519:
has a grey head with a red forecrown. There is a black line across the
282:
534:
1666:
725:
126:
1588:
1445:
316:
rating is primarily based on the large distribution of the species.
1583:
749:
710:
688:
645:
498:
436:, 1906) – southeast Tibet and southwest China to northeast Myanmar
617:
coniferous forests across Asia all the way to the Pacific coast,
1164:
548:
has a black nape patch and a greenish underbody. The subspecies
146:
1449:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
487:
There is evidence for hybridisation between grey-headed and
454:, 1916 – Nepal and northeast India to Myanmar and Indochina
370:
Gmelin, JF, 1788 – north and central Europe to west Siberia
1441:
Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the grey-headed woodpecker
1209:
Niethammer, G., Rheinwald, G. & Wolters, H. E. 1983.
445:, 1926 – northeast Pakistan to north India and west Nepal
289:
family, Picidae. Along with the more commonly found
1458:
1388:Woodpeckers of Europe. A Study to European Picidae
1072:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22726521A117026086.en
1026:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22726515A94924096.en
833:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22726503A86924320.en
523:and a narrow black moustache stripe. The back,
1184:Woodpeckers of the World: A Photographic Guide
633:, as well as large parts of eastern China and
412:, 1948 – southeast China and northeast Vietnam
403:, 1849) – north central and east central China
1213:Verlag Das Beste, Stuttgart, Germany, p. 53.
1205:
1203:
1177:
1175:
1173:
8:
898:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1446:
1236:Gräfe und Unzer, Munich, Germany, p. 241.
1228:
1226:
356:. Edward's specimen had come from Norway.
224:
78:
56:
47:
38:
1070:
1024:
831:
1291:factsheet birdlife international (2006).
1211:Zauber und Schönheit unserer Vogelwelt.
982:"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List"
787:
1094:Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World
1827:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1146:
1134:
1122:
962:. International Ornithologists' Union
7:
1641:2a6487ee-c60a-4dbf-a79d-1cf9421e585b
902:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1807:IUCN Red List least concern species
1186:. Firefly Books. pp. 453–455.
1058:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1012:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
933:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
819:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
600:may also be a predator warning, as
332:in 1788 in the 13th edition of the
25:
1300:factsheet birdlife europe (2004).
656:. The species is absent from the
1426:
1412:
1253:Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas
1096:. Oxford University Press 2006.
960:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
880:Check-List of Birds of the World
426:(off southeast China) and Taiwan
103:
1047:BirdLife International (2017).
1001:BirdLife International (2016).
808:BirdLife International (2016).
324:The grey-headed woodpecker was
233:Distribution of the subspecies
1282:Bauer/Berthold (1997), S. 283.
637:, the mountain forests of the
1:
1165:http://www.hbw.com/node/56316
698:is one of the species eaten
509:Kaeng Krachan National Park
1843:
894:Jobling, James A. (2010).
507:has a black nape. Male in
489:European green woodpeckers
29:
1354:Short, Lester L. (1982).
1335:Grey-headed woodpecker".
1065:: e.T22726521A117026086.
566:European green woodpecker
328:by the German naturalist
291:European green woodpecker
258:Picus canus griseoviridis
232:
223:
205:
198:
100:Scientific classification
98:
76:
67:
55:
46:
41:
1360:Woodpeckers of the World
1255:, 1994, Vol. 9, p. 921ff
1019:: e.T22726515A94924096.
855:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
826:: e.T22726503A86924320.
609:Distribution and habitat
295:Iberian green woodpecker
1822:Birds described in 1788
1386:Gorman, Gerard (2004).
1356:"Gray-faced woodpecker"
1182:Gorman, Gerard (2014).
464:, 1906) – west Malaysia
393:, 1906) – central China
330:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
42:Grey-headed woodpecker
32:Eastern grey woodpecker
1273:Gorman (2004), S. 61f.
758:
723:as well as members of
699:
570:Eurasian collared dove
542:Picus canus jessoensis
512:
269:grey-headed woodpecker
249:Picus canus jessoensis
18:Gray-headed woodpecker
1753:Paleobiology Database
1113:Gorman (2004), p. 59.
753:
692:
672:Behaviour and ecology
502:
301:, all the way to the
279:grey-faced woodpecker
277:), also known as the
1636:Fauna Europaea (new)
1423:at Wikimedia Commons
1264:Gorman (2004), p. 60
1234:Fotoatlas der Vögel.
1125:, pp. 813, 823.
1092:Eugene M. McCarthy:
1167:on 5 October 2016).
1137:, pp. 813–814.
762:Conservation status
546:Picus canus guerini
517:nominate subspecies
470:Sumatran woodpecker
70:Conservation status
1232:Nikolai, J. 1982.
950:; Donsker, David;
759:
700:
658:North German Plain
558:Picus canus dedemi
550:Picus canus hessei
513:
505:Picus canus hessei
440:P. c. sanguiniceps
338:under the current
326:formally described
1794:
1793:
1740:Open Tree of Life
1452:Taxon identifiers
1417:Media related to
1346:978-0-19-857507-8
1102:978-0-19-518323-8
952:Rasmussen, Pamela
913:978-1-4081-2501-4
875:Peters, James Lee
666:Iberian Peninsula
265:
264:
240:Picus canus canus
93:
61:
16:(Redirected from
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1817:Birds of Eurasia
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1517:BC863B3AC0DB9AAA
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1431:Data related to
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891:
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851:
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844:
842:
840:
835:
805:
776:riparian forests
685:Food and feeding
654:Pontic Mountains
652:habitats of the
631:Korean Peninsula
562:P. c. jessoensis
536:
528:
374:P. c. jessoensis
363:are recognised.
347:specific epithet
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246:
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1379:Further reading
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1331:, ed. (1985). "
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954:, eds. (2020).
946:
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928:Edwards, George
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639:Malay Peninsula
611:
582:
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503:The subspecies
497:
458:P. c. robinsoni
430:P. c. sordidior
335:Systema Naturae
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27:Species of bird
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1623:Fauna Europaea
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1443:
1438:
1437:at Wikispecies
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1407:External links
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552:is similar to
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407:P. c. sobrinus
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285:member of the
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1005:Picus guerini
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956:"Woodpeckers"
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424:Hainan Island
421:
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1183:
1158:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1109:
1093:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1062:
1056:
1051:Picus dedemi
1050:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1016:
1010:
1004:
996:
985:. Retrieved
976:
964:. Retrieved
959:
942:
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869:
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837:. Retrieved
823:
817:
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773:
769:
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741:caterpillars
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481:
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467:
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452:Gyldenstolpe
449:P. c. hessei
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1784:Picus-canus
1662:iNaturalist
1504:Picus_canus
1490:Picus canus
1484:Wikispecies
1460:Picus canus
1434:Picus canus
1420:Picus canus
1333:Picus canus
1078:13 November
1032:13 November
948:Gill, Frank
839:13 November
812:Picus canus
756:Picus canus
705:Dendrocopos
629:covers the
596:. A single
495:Description
368:P. c. canus
343:Picus canus
299:Palaearctic
274:Picus canus
260:(see Korea)
209:Picus canus
1801:Categories
1779:Xeno-canto
1219:387070201X
1149:, p.
1147:Short 1982
1135:Cramp 1985
1123:Cramp 1985
987:2021-06-13
782:References
731:Myrmicinae
511:, Thailand
443:Baker, ECS
422:, 1863) –
410:Peters, JL
387:P. c. kogo
361:subspecies
287:woodpecker
216:Gmelin, JF
157:Piciformes
1104:, S. 109.
627:Manchuria
531:and wing
527:scapulars
480:in 2021.
474:P. dedemi
377:Stejneger
185:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
1706:22726503
1680:10208290
1540:22726503
1535:BirdLife
1524:BioLib:
1469:Wikidata
930:(1747).
857:(1788).
754:Eggs of
745:crickets
733:such as
677:Breeding
623:HokkaidĹŤ
619:Sakhalin
401:Malherbe
320:Taxonomy
293:and the
283:Eurasian
163:Family:
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
1654:2478548
1589:gyfwoo1
1563:gyfwoo1
1512:Avibase
1475:Q201106
1321:Sources
736:Myrmica
720:Formica
602:begging
554:guerini
535:coverts
391:Bianchi
281:, is a
173:Genus:
167:Picidae
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
1758:379211
1745:226445
1732:301969
1693:554125
1610:EURING
1394:
1366:
1343:
1312:
1240:
1217:
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1100:
966:28 May
910:
726:Lasius
615:boreal
580:Sounds
434:Rippon
345:. The
256:
254:
247:
245:
238:
236:
218:, 1788
1771:13876
1675:IRMNG
1667:18301
1628:97092
1597:EUNIS
1584:eBird
1576:4HR33
1560:BOW:
1553:25356
711:Picus
646:Urals
521:lores
420:Gould
350:canus
178:Picus
1727:NCBI
1701:IUCN
1688:ITIS
1649:GBIF
1615:8550
1602:1218
1548:BOLD
1527:8789
1392:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1341:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1080:2021
1063:2017
1034:2021
1017:2016
968:2020
908:ISBN
841:2021
824:2016
729:and
621:and
598:kuek
590:kuek
468:The
359:Ten
267:The
147:Aves
1766:TSA
1714:NBN
1571:CoL
1499:ADW
1151:488
1067:doi
1021:doi
828:doi
594:kek
478:IOC
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1225:^
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34:.
20:)
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