371:
females and 75% males. These statistics are variable – another source described how the males were more likely to be a part of the colony at the beginning of the dry season around mating time than it is to be near the rainy season; most of the females stayed in one roost while the males left for other roosts. It also prefers to live in dry areas or arid climates rather than wet climates, so it would more likely to be found in evergreen forests rather than swamps. It is necessary to have at least 25% humidity, and preferable to have multiple exits in the structure of the roost. When they roost, they stay about twenty centimeters apart - except when young are present - and they all face the same way. The bats do not seem to be territorial, and also share roosts with other species of bat.
31:
346:
while in others it is not centrally located. There have been reports that the inside of this sac is white, but others have stated that it varies in color and texture depending on the age of the bat and the season. Whichever the case, the sac has a proximal opening. The second reason this bat is known as the gray sac- winged bat is because of its coloring, which can range from the gray color it is known for to a rich brown; despite the differences, all varieties have white trim. It has darker colored fur on its back (dorsal) and lighter covered fur on its front (ventral).
196:
75:
50:
375:
and foraging sites change often. The bat forages over open spaces that are usually "several kilometers" away from the living space. Because of their large colonies, they must have a wider range when hunting for food. While the mothers are away hunting, the young bats stay behind and cling to the wall of the cave or structure in which the colony lives.
407:
Depending on the place of residence, the timing of mating and birth is different. In
Central America, the bats mate at the end of January to mid-February. Pregnant females of El Salvador can be found in May, while the pregnant females in Mexico can be found in May to July depending on where in Mexico
374:
This bat is insectivorous, feeding on any insects that are around for that season and are considered "opportunistic foragers." This bat population does not seem to wane from season to season as some other bats do, when a certain food is abundant. Foraging takes place in groups or alone. Both roosting
353:
is the sheath tail, meaning that there is a membrane that stretches from one of the bat's ankles to its other, and the majority of the tail is covered by the membrane, with only the tip protruding. Its wing attaches to its ankle and its tail protrudes approximately 6mm away from its body. The average
345:
It is known as the gray-sac winged bat first because of the sacs located between the wrist and the neck on the membrane of the wing, which is far more prominent and developed in males than in females. This sac is a defining feature: in this bat, the sac is in the center of the antebrachial membrane,
395:
The female uses both ovaries and births one pup. It breeds once every year – the females are monoestrous and only produce one offspring. The females all give birth at about the same time every year. To mate, these bats swarm, flying around objects, and the males perform courting rituals in the air.
370:
It prefers to live near the mouth of caves, in barns and other buildings; usually in areas that are open and lit. The bat is sociable and is usually part of a group of fifty or more. It has also been reported that the colony can include up to 10,000 bats. In the colony, there are approximately 25%
403:
Females do not abort the fetus when there is a lack of food, and they also give birth when it is most convenient for the offspring, when weather and food are the best. The adult female survival rate data reflects the idea that the offspring take precedence over the adult, as the lowest percentage
386:
A study confirmed that bats, when they are able to see, prefer to use their vision over echolocation. In the experiment, these bats were put in a mesh greenhouse and observed at dawn, day, dusk, and at night. The bats consistently ran into the ceiling and walls of the greenhouse at dawn, day, and
399:
The females reach sexual maturity after one year; the gestation period is four and one-half months and the pup is born weighing about 2 g. The young bat is then carried by the mother for one week. It can fly after two weeks, and is completely weaned at nine weeks.
387:
dusk while trying to fly out, but at night when they were forced to rely solely on the echolocation, they avoided the ceiling and walls without a problem. The pulses emitted by the bat are all audible to humans, and the bat only emits pulses through the mouth.
354:
weight of a male is 6.1 g, and for the non-pregnant female the average weight is 7.1 g; their average body length is 66.6 mm. Unlike in many other bat species, there is no dorsal furrow between the
378:
The bats start hunting a little before sunset, and they fly relatively slowly. It was measured that the males fly at approximately 9.76 km/h and the females fly at about 9.14 km/h.
477:. Approximately 4% of the population of Balantiopteryx plicata has supernumerary teeth, which appear mostly in the incisors. When rabies was found in a group of vampire bats that lived with
1359:
Yoigt, Christian C. (2005). "The evolution of perfume-blending and wing sacs in emballonurid bats". In Robert Thomas Mason; Michael P. LeMaster; Dietland Müller-Schwarze (eds.).
2264:
2329:
2370:
2238:
1412:
2277:
2395:
1380:
1341:
1165:
1031:
1020:
997:
286:
is known as the gray sac-winged bat, and less commonly, Peters' sac-winged bat. The general name for these and other bats of the family
30:
2390:
1309:
1140:
1364:
2380:
2303:
2131:
1903:
2321:
1301:
1207:
2282:
1753:
1717:
504:, so a population trend cannot be deduced. A possible threat is habitat destruction through man-induced fire or vandalism.
408:
it is. In Costa Rica, birth happens at the end of June, while in Mexico it can occur between the end of June to early July.
1726:
1708:
362:
has been described as "inflated". The ears are rounded and the thumb is about 5 mm long (considered long) and thin.
74:
1577:
1568:
1405:
2316:
2199:
1119:
2059:
1771:
1323:
2334:
2190:
1493:
1286:
1084:
2023:
1954:
1828:
1762:
1735:
1559:
1484:
2068:
2032:
1981:
1930:
1912:
1846:
1744:
1157:
2050:
2385:
2375:
1675:
1601:
1398:
1012:
989:
195:
2152:
2122:
2095:
2041:
1972:
1963:
1795:
1526:
1186:
1094:
317:
2204:
2104:
1990:
1855:
169:
2225:
2077:
1921:
1819:
1181:
1090:
2014:
1837:
474:
232:
39:
1239:
1064:
607:
561:
2086:
1657:
1260:
1176:
1056:
69:
453:
Gray sac-winged bats can be afflicted by a red mite, which feeds on its ear's edge, ticks (like
2269:
2342:
2212:
2113:
1666:
1376:
1347:
1337:
1305:
1161:
1136:
1043:
1016:
993:
359:
311:
1684:
1368:
1331:
1234:
1215:
Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A.D.; de
Grammont, P.C. (2016).
1048:
602:
556:
537:
Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A.D.; de
Grammont, P.C. (2016).
2347:
450:
larvae all feed on the guano left by the bat; the rock crab may eat the dead bats as well.
2295:
1870:
1625:
1390:
1273:
442:
1517:
1475:
1458:
1422:
583:
Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A.D. & de
Grammont, P.C. (2016).
350:
287:
271:
224:
220:
185:
146:
136:
2364:
2290:
1879:
1327:
1319:
1295:
1225:
1151:
593:
547:
433:
421:
59:
54:
1216:
584:
538:
2217:
1153:
Asdell's
Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction: a Compendium of Species-specific Data
2308:
2251:
2184:
1945:
1894:
1699:
1204:
The
Quintessential Naturalist: Honoring the Life and Legacy of Oliver P. Pearson
244:
1810:
1640:
1535:
1464:
462:
256:
2175:
1372:
2005:
1616:
1351:
1132:
470:
458:
454:
447:
396:
It is thought that during flight, the sacs on the males release fragrances.
252:
240:
86:
2169:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
466:
417:
260:
248:
106:
2243:
1592:
1550:
1098:
1060:
473:
also afflict this bat. The bat can also be affected by the presence of
2256:
1150:
Hayssen, Virginia; Ari van
Tienhoven & Ans van Tienhoven (1993).
931:
929:
927:
425:
236:
228:
116:
96:
2146:
1052:
1786:
429:
355:
1333:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
497:
2230:
2150:
1394:
1127:
Fairbrother, Anne; Louis N. Locke & Gerald L. Hoff (1996).
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
126:
1336:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 385.
282:" is from a Latin word meaning "folded". In English,
1030:
Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; J. Knox Jones Jr. (1988).
914:
912:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
263:, at elevations up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).
2159:
2003:
1943:
1892:
1868:
1808:
1784:
1697:
1638:
1614:
1590:
1548:
1515:
1473:
799:
797:
795:
793:
722:
720:
664:
662:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
500:. Little is known about the specific numbers of
1406:
1240:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2533A22029659.en
608:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2533A22029659.en
562:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2533A22029659.en
278:comes from the Greek, meaning "pouch wing"; "
8:
461:, lice, and fleas. internal parasites like
2147:
1413:
1399:
1391:
274:first described the bat in 1867. The name
194:
48:
29:
20:
1238:
606:
560:
203:Distribution of the gray sac-winged bat
621:
512:
1269:
1258:
7:
1009:Bats: from Evolution to Conservation
349:The common feature among the family
2371:IUCN Red List least concern species
1226:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1175:Hester, Laurel; Phil Myers (2001).
803:
726:
680:
668:
594:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
548:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
496:is rated as "least concern" by the
440:. Ants, cockroaches, the rock crab
329:is a sister to the clade including
1904:Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat (
1361:Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 10
1129:Noninfectious Diseases of Wildlife
804:Arroyo-Cabrales & Jones (1988)
727:Arroyo-Cabrales & Jones (1988)
681:Arroyo-Cabrales & Jones (1988)
669:Arroyo-Cabrales & Jones (1988)
223:which comprises the 51 species of
14:
863:
851:
839:
815:
784:
1281:Novick, Alan; Nina Leen (1969).
963:
73:
2132:Troughton's sheath-tailed bat (
1727:Large-eared sheath-tailed bat (
1709:Small Asian sheath-tailed bat (
1578:Seychelles sheath-tailed bat (
1569:Madagascar sheath-tailed bat (
1302:Johns Hopkins University Press
1208:University of California Press
303:Balantiopteryx plicata pallida
299:Balantiopteryx plicata plicata
1:
1754:Raffray's sheath-tailed bat (
1718:Beccari's sheath-tailed bat (
219:) is a species in the family
2396:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
1007:Altringham, John D. (2011).
984:Altringham, John D. (1996).
935:
899:
738:
633:
2024:Coastal sheath-tailed bat (
1955:Antioquian sac-winged bat (
1829:White-winged dog-like bat (
1763:Pacific sheath-tailed bat (
1736:Greater sheath-tailed bat (
1560:African sheath-tailed bat (
1485:Ecuadorian sac-winged bat (
1202:Kelt, Douglas Alan (2007).
1120:University of Chicago Press
1114:Gardner, Alfred L. (2008).
1086:Vision in Echolocating Bats
986:Bats: Biology and Behaviour
951:
875:
750:
691:
2412:
2069:Arnhem sheath-tailed bat (
2060:Hill's sheath-tailed bat (
2033:Common sheath-tailed bat (
1982:Amazonian sac-winged bat (
1931:Naked-rumped pouched bat (
1913:Papuan sheath-tailed bat (
1847:Pale-winged dog-like bat (
1772:Seri's sheath-tailed bat (
1745:Lesser sheath-tailed bat (
1297:Walker's Bats of the World
1287:Holt, Rinehart and Winston
1011:(2nd ed.). New York:
918:
887:
772:
2391:Mammals described in 1867
1602:Chestnut sac-winged bat (
1494:Thomas's sac-winged bat (
1429:
1421:Extant species of family
1294:Nowak, Ronald M. (1994).
827:
751:Hester & Meyer (2001)
436:are regular predators of
202:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
2096:Black-bearded tomb bat (
1973:Frosted sac-winged bat (
1964:Greater sac-winged bat (
1796:Dark sheath-tailed bat (
1373:10.1007/0-387-25160-X_13
1158:Cornell University Press
1116:Mammals of South America
290:are sheath-tailed bats.
2381:Bats of Central America
2105:Naked-rumped tomb bat (
2051:Hildegarde's tomb bat (
1991:Lesser sac-winged bat (
1856:Trinidad dog-like bat (
1013:Oxford University Press
990:Oxford University Press
382:Echolocation and vision
305:are both subspecies of
2191:Balantiopteryx plicata
2161:Balantiopteryx plicata
2078:Long-winged tomb bat (
1820:Greater dog-like bat (
1676:Isabelle's ghost bat (
1330:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1219:Balantiopteryx plicata
1187:University of Michigan
1034:Balantiopteryx plicata
587:Balantiopteryx plicata
541:Balantiopteryx plicata
502:Balantiopteryx plicata
494:Balantiopteryx plicata
479:Balantiopteryx plicata
438:Balantiopteryx plicata
327:Balantiopteryx plicata
323:Balantiopteryx plicata
318:Balantiopteryx infusca
307:Balantiopteryx plicata
284:Balantiopteryx plicata
216:Balantiopteryx plicata
179:Balantiopteryx plicata
2123:Theobald's tomb bat (
2042:Hamilton's tomb bat (
2015:Indonesian tomb bat (
1838:Lesser dog-like bat (
1527:Thomas's shaggy bat (
1503:Gray sac-winged bat (
1083:Eklöf, Johan (2003).
2087:Mauritian tomb bat (
1658:Northern ghost bat (
1233:: e.T2533A22029659.
1182:Animal Diversity Web
601:: e.T2533A22029659.
555:: e.T2533A22029659.
366:Habitat and behavior
24:Gray sac-winged bat
2114:Egyptian tomb bat (
1922:Pel's pouched bat (
1667:Greater ghost bat (
1367:. pp. 93–100.
1189:: Museum of Zoology
1095:Göteborg University
485:seemed unaffected.
475:supernumerary teeth
233:Baja California Sur
211:gray sac-winged bat
40:Conservation status
1685:Lesser ghost bat (
1324:"Order Chiroptera"
1101:on 29 January 2020
1070:on 2 December 2013
404:recorded was 54%.
2358:
2357:
2343:Open Tree of Life
2153:Taxon identifiers
2144:
2143:
1651:
1626:Short-eared bat (
1382:978-0-387-25159-2
1343:978-0-8018-8221-0
1300:. Baltimore, MD:
1283:The World of Bats
1268:Missing or empty
1167:978-0-8014-1753-5
1044:Mammalian Species
1022:978-0-19-920712-1
999:978-0-19-850322-4
864:Altringham (1996)
852:Altringham (1996)
840:Altringham (2011)
816:Altringham (1996)
785:Altringham (1996)
331:Balantiopteryx io
312:Balantiopteryx io
227:. It is found in
207:
206:
63:
2403:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2148:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1580:C. seychellensis
1415:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1363:. New York, NY:
1355:
1315:
1290:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1211:
1206:. Berkeley, CA:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1177:"Emballonuridae"
1171:
1146:
1123:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1097:. Archived from
1079:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1063:. Archived from
1040:
1026:
1003:
971:
961:
955:
949:
943:
933:
922:
916:
907:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
788:
782:
776:
770:
753:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
695:
689:
683:
678:
672:
666:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
612:
610:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
564:
534:
198:
181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2053:T. hildegardeae
1999:
1957:S. antioquensis
1939:
1906:S. flaviventris
1888:
1880:Proboscis bat (
1871:Rhynchonycteris
1864:
1849:P. pallidoptera
1804:
1780:
1693:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1634:
1610:
1604:C. brevirostris
1586:
1544:
1511:
1469:
1425:
1419:
1389:
1383:
1358:
1344:
1318:
1312:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1257:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1214:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1174:
1168:
1149:
1143:
1126:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1053:10.2307/3504133
1038:
1029:
1023:
1006:
1000:
983:
979:
974:
962:
958:
950:
946:
934:
925:
917:
910:
898:
894:
886:
882:
874:
870:
862:
858:
850:
846:
838:
834:
826:
822:
818:, pp. 138, 189.
814:
810:
802:
791:
783:
779:
771:
756:
749:
745:
737:
733:
725:
698:
690:
686:
679:
675:
667:
640:
632:
628:
620:
616:
582:
581:
577:
567:
565:
536:
535:
514:
510:
491:
443:Grapsus grapsus
414:
393:
384:
368:
343:
335:B. infusca
321:are related to
296:
269:
225:sac-winged bats
189:
183:
177:
164:
161:B. plicata
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Bats of Mexico
2383:
2378:
2376:Balantiopteryx
2373:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2339:
2326:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2181:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2107:T. nudiventris
2102:
2098:T. melanopogon
2093:
2089:T. mauritianus
2084:
2075:
2071:T. kapalgensis
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:S. saccolaimus
1928:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1769:
1765:E. semicaudata
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1571:C. kibomalandy
1566:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1538:C. maximiliani
1533:
1523:
1521:
1518:Centronycteris
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1476:Balantiopteryx
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1459:Laurasiatheria
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:Emballonuridae
1420:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1356:
1342:
1316:
1310:
1291:
1278:
1255:Novick (1998).
1252:
1212:
1199:
1172:
1166:
1156:. Ithaca, NY:
1147:
1141:
1124:
1111:
1080:
1027:
1021:
1004:
998:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:
956:
944:
923:
908:
892:
880:
868:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
789:
777:
754:
743:
739:Gardner (2008)
731:
696:
684:
673:
638:
634:Gardner (2008)
626:
622:Simmons (2005)
614:
575:
511:
509:
506:
490:
487:
424:, and perhaps
413:
410:
392:
389:
383:
380:
367:
364:
351:Emballonuridae
342:
339:
295:
292:
288:Emballonuridae
276:Balantiopteryx
272:Wilhelm Peters
268:
265:
221:Emballonuridae
205:
204:
200:
199:
191:
190:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
156:
152:
151:
148:Balantiopteryx
144:
140:
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137:Emballonuridae
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Species of bat
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2408:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2137:
2135:
2134:T. troughtoni
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2116:T. perforatus
2112:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2080:T. longimanus
2076:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2035:T. georgianus
2031:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1858:P. trinitatis
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1831:P. leucoptera
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1798:M. nigrescens
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1756:E. raffrayana
1752:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1599:
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1595:
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1589:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1572:
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1558:
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1547:
1541:
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1534:
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1525:
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1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Simmons, N.B.
1317:
1313:
1311:9780801849862
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1262:
1253:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1142:9781874545750
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
982:
981:
976:
969:
967:
960:
957:
953:
952:Novick (1998)
948:
945:
941:
939:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
903:
896:
893:
889:
884:
881:
877:
876:Novick (1998)
872:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
848:
845:
841:
836:
833:
829:
824:
821:
817:
812:
809:
805:
800:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
778:
774:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
755:
752:
747:
744:
740:
735:
732:
728:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
692:Novick (1998)
688:
685:
682:
677:
674:
670:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
618:
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609:
604:
600:
596:
595:
590:
588:
579:
576:
563:
558:
554:
550:
549:
544:
542:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
513:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
488:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:domestic cats
431:
427:
423:
422:spotted skunk
419:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
390:
388:
381:
379:
376:
372:
365:
363:
361:
357:
352:
347:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
313:
308:
304:
300:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
266:
264:
262:
259:and northern
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
201:
197:
192:
187:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2160:
2133:
2125:T. theobaldi
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2044:T. hamiltoni
2043:
2034:
2026:T. australis
2025:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1983:
1975:S. canescens
1974:
1966:S. bilineata
1965:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1747:E. monticola
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1678:D. isabellus
1677:
1668:
1659:
1648:(Ghost bats)
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1536:Shaggy bat (
1529:C. centralis
1528:
1516:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1486:
1474:
1457:Superorder:
1451:Infraclass:
1360:
1332:
1328:Wilson, D.E.
1296:
1282:
1270:|title=
1244:. Retrieved
1230:
1224:
1218:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1180:
1152:
1131:. Ames, IA:
1128:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:the original
1085:
1072:. Retrieved
1065:the original
1047:(301): 1–4.
1042:
1033:
1008:
988:. New York:
985:
965:
964:Fairbrother
959:
947:
937:
919:Yoigt (2005)
901:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
835:
823:
811:
780:
773:Nowak (1994)
746:
734:
687:
676:
629:
617:
598:
592:
586:
578:
566:. Retrieved
552:
546:
540:
501:
493:
492:
482:
478:
452:
441:
437:
415:
412:Interactions
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:Reproduction
385:
377:
373:
369:
348:
344:
334:
330:
326:
322:
316:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
283:
279:
275:
270:
215:
214:
210:
208:
178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
2252:iNaturalist
2185:Wikispecies
1946:Saccopteryx
1895:Saccolaimus
1840:P. macrotis
1822:P. kappleri
1720:E. beccarii
1700:Emballonura
1687:D. scutatus
1246:13 November
1193:21 November
1118:. Chicago:
1105:27 November
1074:23 November
828:Kelt (2007)
568:13 November
245:El Salvador
2365:Categories
2017:T. achates
1993:S. leptura
1984:S. gymnura
1811:Peropteryx
1641:Diclidurus
1505:B. plicata
1487:B. infusca
1465:Chiroptera
977:References
483:B. plicata
463:trematodes
358:, and the
341:Appearance
257:Costa Rica
127:Chiroptera
2006:Taphozous
1915:S. mixtus
1729:E. dianae
1711:E. alecto
1669:D. ingens
1628:C. alecto
1617:Cyttarops
1433:Kingdom:
1261:cite book
1133:CRC Press
1093:thesis).
970:, p. 206.
866:, p. 189.
854:, p. 188.
842:, p. 128.
830:, p. 338.
787:, p. 150.
741:, p. 194.
636:, p. 193.
624:, p. 385.
471:nematodes
459:bat flies
455:Argasidae
448:dermestid
253:Nicaragua
241:Guatemala
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2322:13800969
2270:10952879
2170:Wikidata
2062:T. hilli
1774:E. serii
1738:E. furax
1660:D. albus
1453:Eutheria
1447:Mammalia
1441:Chordata
1439:Phylum:
1435:Animalia
1365:Springer
1352:62265494
1322:(2005).
954:, p. 19.
942:, p. 98.
936:Hayssen
921:, p. 99.
906:, p. 95.
900:Hayssen
878:, p. 80.
775:, p. 96.
694:, p. 22.
467:cestodes
418:barn owl
294:Taxonomy
261:Colombia
249:Honduras
133:Family:
117:Mammalia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2309:1004778
2244:2433132
2176:Q135384
1924:S. peli
1882:R. naso
1593:Cormura
1562:C. afra
1551:Coleura
1463:Order:
1445:Class:
1061:3504133
806:, p. 2.
729:, p. 1.
671:, p. 3.
489:Threats
360:rostrum
280:plicata
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2335:249010
2283:631696
2231:327842
1379:
1350:
1340:
1308:
1164:
1139:
1059:
1019:
996:
968:(1996)
966:et al.
940:(1993)
938:et al.
904:(1993)
902:et al.
890:(2003)
481:, the
469:, and
446:, and
432:, and
426:coatis
420:, the
237:Sonora
229:Mexico
188:, 1867
186:Peters
2348:75168
2265:IRMNG
2257:41387
2205:23436
1787:Mosia
1496:B. io
1326:. In
1068:(PDF)
1057:JSTOR
1039:(PDF)
888:Eklöf
508:Notes
430:hawks
356:nares
231:from
2330:NCBI
2296:2533
2291:IUCN
2278:ITIS
2239:GBIF
2218:KGC9
2200:BOLD
1377:ISBN
1348:OCLC
1338:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1274:help
1248:2021
1231:2016
1195:2012
1162:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1107:2012
1076:2013
1017:ISBN
994:ISBN
599:2016
570:2021
553:2016
498:IUCN
416:The
333:and
315:and
301:and
267:Name
235:and
209:The
2317:MSW
2304:MDD
2226:EoL
2213:CoL
1369:doi
1235:doi
1091:PhD
1049:doi
603:doi
557:doi
457:),
239:to
2367::
2345::
2332::
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1285:.
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1263:}}
1259:{{
1229:.
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992:.
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911:^
792:^
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2100:)
2091:)
2082:)
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2055:)
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2037:)
2028:)
2019:)
1995:)
1986:)
1977:)
1968:)
1959:)
1935:)
1926:)
1917:)
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1860:)
1851:)
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1800:)
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1002:.
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572:.
559::
543:"
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213:(
62:)
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