1078:, possibly by mistake, when the shark struck at the speared fish close to the diver. This species will also attack if pursued or cornered, and divers should immediately retreat (slowly and always facing the shark) if it begins to perform a threat display. Photographing the display should not be attempted, as the flash from a camera is known to have incited at least one attack. Although of modest size, they are capable of inflicting significant damage: during one study of the threat display, a grey reef shark attacked the researchers' submersible multiple times, leaving tooth marks in the plastic windows and biting off one of the propellers. The shark consistently launched its attacks from a distance of 6 m (20 ft), which it was able to cover in a third of a second. As of 2008, the
1054:(a display directed toward competitors or threats) of any shark. Investigations of this behavior have been focused on the reaction of sharks to approaching divers, some of which have culminated in attacks. The display consists of the shark raising its snout, dropping its pectoral fins, arching its back, and curving its body laterally. While holding this posture, the shark swims with a stiff, exaggerated side-to-side motion, sometimes combined with rolls or figure-8 loops. The intensity of the display increases if the shark is more closely approached or if obstacles are blocking its escape routes, such as landmarks or other sharks. If the diver persists, the shark may either retreat or launch a rapid, open-mouthed attack, slashing with its upper teeth.
1039:
1014:
1065:, and in one instance toward a much larger great hammerhead (which subsequently withdrew). However, they have never been seen performing threat displays toward each other. This suggests the display is primarily a response to potential threats (i.e. predators) rather than competitors. As grey reef sharks are not territorial, they are thought to be defending a critical volume of "personal space" around themselves. Compared to sharks from French Polynesia or Micronesia, grey reef sharks from the Indian Ocean and western Pacific are not as aggressive and less given to displaying.
1026:, females form aggregations in shallow water from March to June. The number of sharks per group differs from year to year. Each day, the sharks begin arriving at the aggregation area at 09:00, reaching a peak in numbers during the hottest part of the day in the afternoon, and dispersing by 19:00. Individual sharks return to the aggregation site every one to six days. These female sharks are speculated to be taking advantage of the warmer water to speed their growth or that of their embryos. The shallow waters may also enable them to avoid unwanted attention by males.
228:
865:
711:
86:
979:
543:
3023:
734:), the grey reef shark is one of the three most common sharks inhabiting Indo-Pacific reefs. They actively expel most other shark species from favored habitats, even species larger in size. In areas where this species co-exists with the blacktip reef shark, the latter species occupies the shallow flats, while the former stays in deeper water. Areas with a high abundance of grey reef sharks tend to contain few
61:
3035:
3047:
499:
373:. During the day, these sharks often form groups of five to 20 individuals near coral reef drop-offs, splitting up in the evening as the sharks begin to hunt. Adult females also form groups in very shallow water, where the higher water temperature may accelerate their growth or that of their unborn young. Like other members of its family, the grey reef shark is
1030:
night. In level areas, sharks form polarized schools (all swimming in the same direction) of around 30 individuals near the sea bottom, arranging themselves parallel to each other or slowly swimming in circles. Most individuals within polarized schools are females, and the formation of these schools has been theorized to relate to mating or pupping.
42:
1073:
Grey reef sharks are often curious about divers when they first enter the water and may approach quite closely, though they lose interest on repeat dives. They can become dangerous in the presence of food, and tend to be more aggressive if encountered in open water rather than on the reef. There have
1021:
Social aggregation is well documented in grey reef sharks. In the northwestern
Hawaiian Islands, large numbers of pregnant females have been observed slowly swimming in circles in shallow water, occasionally exposing their dorsal fins or backs. These groups last from 11:00 to 15:00, corresponding to
986:
Grey reef sharks are active at all times of the day, with activity levels peaking at night. At
Rangiroa, groups of around 30 sharks spend the day together in a small part of their collective home range, dispersing at night into shallower water to forage for food. Their home range is about 0.8 km
693:
Generally a coastal, shallow-water species, grey reef sharks are mostly found in depths less than 60 m (200 ft). However, they have been known to dive to 1,000 m (3,300 ft). They are found over continental and insular shelves, preferring the leeward (away from the direction of the
396:
warning that it is prepared to attack. The display involves a "hunched" posture with characteristically dropped pectoral fins, and an exaggerated, side-to-side swimming motion. Grey reef sharks often do so if they are followed or cornered by divers to indicate they perceive a threat. This species has
506:
The grey reef shark has a streamlined, moderately stout body with a long, blunt snout and large, round eyes. The upper and lower jaws each have 13 or 14 teeth (usually 14 in the upper and 13 in the lower). The upper teeth are triangular with slanted cusps, while the bottom teeth have narrower, erect
991:
in the
Marshall Islands, grey reef sharks from different parts of the reef exhibit different social and ranging behaviors. Sharks on the outer ocean reefs tend to be nomadic, swimming long distances along the reef, while those around lagoon reefs and underwater pinnacles stay within defined daytime
1029:
Off
Enewetak, grey reef sharks exhibit different social behaviors on different parts of the reef. Sharks tend to be solitary on shallower reefs and pinnacles. Near reef drop-offs, loose aggregations of five to 20 sharks form in the morning and grow in number throughout the day before dispersing at
1004:
is seen in the grey reef shark; individuals tolerate others of their species entering and feeding within their home ranges. Off Hawaii, individuals may stay around the same part of the reef up to three years, while at
Rangiroa, they regularly shift their locations up to 15 km (9.3 mi).
455:
used for this shark around the world include black-vee whaler, bronze whaler, Fowler's whaler shark, graceful shark, graceful whaler shark, grey shark, grey whaler shark, longnose blacktail shark, school shark, and shortnose blacktail shark. Some of these names are also applied to other species.
892:
making up the remainder. The larger sharks take a greater proportion of cephalopods. These sharks hunt individually or in groups, and have been known to pin schools of fish against the outer walls of coral reefs for feeding. Hunting groups of up to 700 grey reef sharks have been observed at
467:), native to the western Indian Ocean, is now regarded as the same species as the grey reef shark by most authors. It was originally distinguished from the grey reef shark by a white tip on the first dorsal fin, a shorter snout, and one fewer upper tooth row on each side. Based on
369:. Its aggressive demeanor enables it to dominate many other shark species on the reef, despite its moderate size. Many grey reef sharks have a home range on a specific area of the reef, to which they continually return. However, they are social rather than
996:
occur, grey reef sharks move against the water, toward the shore with the ebbing tide and back out to sea with the rising tide. This may allow them to better detect the scent of their prey, or afford them the cover of turbid water in which to hunt.
530:. Individuals from the western Indian Ocean have a narrow, white margin at the tip of the first dorsal fin; this trait is usually absent from Pacific populations. Grey reef sharks that spend time in shallow water eventually darken in color, due to
1110:
fishing zones had declined by 97% compared to no-entry zones (boats are not allowed). In addition, no-take zones (boats are allowed but fishing is prohibited) had the same levels of depletion as fishing zones, illustrating the severe effect of
957:
range from 9 to 14 months. Parturition is thought to take place from July to August in the
Southern Hemisphere and from March to July in the Northern Hemisphere. However, females with "full-term embryos" have also been reported in the fall off
694:
current) sides of coral reefs with clear water and rugged topography. They are frequently found near the drop-offs at the outer edges of the reef, particularly near reef channels with strong currents, and less commonly within
750:. The consumptive influence of grey reef sharks on reef fish communities is likely to vary depending on whether sharks forage within the reef environment, or on pelagic resources (like they have been observed to do at
1085:
Although still abundant in pristine sites, grey reef sharks are susceptible to localized depletion due to their slow reproductive rate, specific habitat requirements, and tendency to stay within a certain area. The
1843:
Coetzee, M.L.; Smit, N.J.; Grutter, A.S. & Davies, A.J. (2008). "A New
Gnathiid (Crustacea: Isopoda) Parasitizing Two Species of Requiem Sharks from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia".
1115:. Projections suggested the shark population would fall to 0.1% of pre-exploitation levels within 20 years without additional conservation measures. One possible avenue for conservation is
534:. Most grey reef sharks are less than 1.9 m (6.2 ft) long. The maximum reported length is 2.6 m (8.5 ft) and the maximum reported weight is 33.7 kg (74 lb).
1139:
Simpfendorfer, C.; Fahmi, Bin Ali, A.; , D.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Seyha, L.; Maung, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Yuneni, R.R.; Sianipar, A.; Haque, A.B.; Tanay, D.; Gautama, D.A.; Vo, V.Q. (2020).
1005:
Individual grey reef sharks at
Enewetak become highly aggressive at specific locations, suggesting they may exhibit dominant behavior over other sharks in their home areas.
1926:
1185:
3214:
346:. It has the typical "reef shark" shape, with a broad, round snout and large eyes. It can be distinguished from similar species by the plain or white-tipped first
1087:
966:
occurs around seven years of age, when the males are 1.3–1.5 m (4.3–4.9 ft) long and females are 1.2–1.4 m (3.9–4.6 ft) long. Females on the
410:
3253:
1090:
has assessed the grey reef shark as endangered; this shark is taken by multispecies fisheries in many parts of its range and used for various products such as
1098:. Another threat is the continuing degradation of coral reefs from human development. There is evidence of substantial declines in some populations. Anderson
1119:, as grey reef sharks are suitable for shark-watching ventures, and profitable diving sites now enjoy protection in many countries, such as the Maldives.
2206:
1430:
3355:
3188:
2258:
1800:
n. sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), an ectoparasite found parasitising requiem sharks from off Lizard Island, Great
Barrier Reef, Australia".
1500:"Distribution and diet of four species of carcharhinid shark in the Hawaiian Islands: evidence for resource partitioning and competitive exclusion"
3227:
1950:
1042:
The posture of a grey reef shark during normal swimming (right) and a threat display (left) - the bottom line shows the shark's swimming pattern.
3365:
3289:
2090:
1975:
1710:
1677:
1647:
1364:
1336:
1308:
1210:
1355:
Fowler, S.L.; Cavanagh, R.D.; Camhi, M.; Burgess, G.H.; Cailliet, G.M.; Fordham, S.V.; Simpfendorfer, C.A. & Musick, J.A. (2005).
1542:
3325:
65:
3370:
1930:
1079:
953:. One to four pups (six in Hawaii) are born every other year; the number of young increases with female size. Estimates of the
909:
extract in 10 billion parts of sea water. In the presence of a large quantity of food, grey reef sharks may be roused into a
3232:
970:
mature at 11 years of age, later than at other locations, and at a slightly larger size. The lifespan is at least 25 years.
3101:
3013:
2251:
1102:(1998) reported, in the Chagos Archipelago, grey reef shark numbers in 1996 had fallen to 14% of 1970s levels. Robbins
85:
3149:
3123:
3141:
1017:
Grey reef sharks often group together during the day, such as this aggregation at Kure Atoll in the
Hawaiian Islands.
1538:
Dianne J. Bray, 2011, Grey Reef Shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, in Fishes of Australia, accessed 25 August 2014,
1247:"A review of shark agonistic displays: comparison of display features and implications for shark-human interactions"
3258:
2930:
2491:
1558:
Dunn, Ruth E.; Bradley, Darcy; Heithaus, Michael R.; Caselle, Jennifer E.; Papastamatiou, Yannis P. (2022-01-21).
1393:
Lavery, S. (1992). "Electrophoretic analysis of phylogenetic relationships among Australian carcharhinid sharks".
354:, and the lack of a ridge between the dorsal fins. Most individuals are less than 1.88 m (6.2 ft) long.
2921:
2894:
2608:
2939:
864:
714:
A female grey reef shark off Wake Island - this species is one of the most common sharks on Indo-Pacific reefs.
401:
on humans, and should be treated with caution, especially if it begins to display. It has been caught in many
227:
797:) have been observed rubbing against grey reef sharks, using the sharks' rough skin to scrape off parasites.
2972:
2903:
2421:
2244:
2203:
1560:"Conservation implications of forage base requirements of a marine predator population at carrying capacity"
1427:
518:
The coloration is grey above, sometimes with a bronze sheen, and white below. The entire rear margin of the
1013:
502:
Identifying features of the grey reef shark include dark edges on all fins except for the first dorsal fin.
3063:
2518:
393:
3360:
3154:
2828:
2756:
2699:
1179:
1061:) approaching and following it from a few meters behind and above. They also perform the display toward
747:
200:
2220:
475:
counts, and tooth shapes, Garrick (1982) concluded the grey reef shark is most closely related to the
3330:
3268:
3110:
2912:
2681:
2617:
2554:
2430:
1898:
1571:
1511:
1047:
926:
468:
406:
389:
2122:
Anderson, R.C.; Sheppard, C.; Spalding, M. & Crosby, R. (1998). "Shortage of sharks at Chagos".
1163:
1082:
listed seven unprovoked and six provoked attacks (none of them fatal) attributable to this species.
897:
in French Polynesia. They excel at capturing fish swimming in the open, and they complement hunting
757:
On the infrequent occasions when they swim in oceanic waters, grey reef sharks often associate with
3115:
2996:
2987:
2536:
2215:
2013:
1359:. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. pp. 106–109, 284–285.
898:
727:
719:
710:
631:
50:
3128:
3051:
2663:
1825:
1777:
Newbound, D.R.; Knott, B. (1999). "Parasitic copepods from pelagic sharks in Western Australia".
1759:
1613:
1475:
1107:
967:
774:
611:
433:
240:
80:
925:
During mating, the male grey reef shark bites at the female's body or fins to hold onto her for
3219:
2105:
3302:
3162:
2473:
2311:
2164:
2086:
1971:
1860:
1817:
1751:
1706:
1673:
1643:
1605:
1587:
1360:
1332:
1304:
1051:
963:
627:
405:
and is susceptible to local population depletion due to its low reproduction rate and limited
157:
1990:
Robbins, W.D. (2006). Abundance, demography and population structure of the grey reef shark (
3317:
3307:
2723:
2714:
2690:
2437:
2185:
2154:
1906:
1852:
1809:
1743:
1702:
1695:
1595:
1579:
1519:
1467:
1402:
1258:
1158:
954:
813:
809:
683:
667:
659:
643:
619:
595:
324:
3245:
2033:
McKibben J.N.; Nelson, D.R. (1986). "Pattern of movement and grouping of gray reef sharks,
820:) feed opportunistically on grey reef sharks that are exhausted from pursuing mates. Known
3276:
2963:
2804:
2795:
2599:
2581:
2572:
2482:
2464:
2340:
2331:
2210:
2110:
International Shark Attack File, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida.
1546:
1434:
1301:
Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
829:
801:
675:
476:
1902:
1575:
1539:
1515:
2876:
2747:
2527:
2509:
2358:
2299:
2293:
2268:
1600:
1559:
1091:
1023:
1001:
910:
805:
790:
607:
425:
370:
217:
137:
127:
2194:
1140:
3349:
3240:
3039:
2780:
2771:
2563:
2412:
2403:
2349:
1963:
1617:
1206:
1149:
993:
758:
751:
735:
655:
615:
579:
555:
507:
cusps. The tooth serrations are larger in the upper jaw than in the lower. The first
444:
422:
335:
327:
320:
167:
70:
1479:
1454:
Economakis, A.E.; Lobel, P.S. (1998). "Aggregation behavior of the grey reef shark,
1038:
3034:
2672:
2455:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2322:
1829:
1075:
901:, which are more adept at capturing fish inside caves and crevices. Their sense of
762:
699:
623:
559:
551:
512:
487:
398:
339:
331:
177:
3167:
1763:
913:; in one documented frenzy caused by an underwater explosion that killed several
3201:
3095:
3027:
2837:
2654:
2639:
2630:
2590:
2545:
2446:
2059:
Nelson, D.R. (1981). "Aggression in sharks: is the grey reef shark different?".
1058:
1057:
Most observed displays by grey reef sharks have been in response to a diver (or
782:
599:
591:
531:
523:
452:
2236:
1583:
606:. This species has also been reported from numerous Pacific islands, including
522:
has a distinctive, broad, black band. Dusky to black tips are on the pectoral,
498:
17:
2885:
2861:
2852:
2500:
2159:
2142:
1813:
1796:
Coetzee, M.L.; Smit, N.J.; Grutter, A.S. & Davies, A.J. (February 2009). "
1747:
1471:
1263:
1246:
1116:
978:
930:
914:
873:
647:
567:
519:
508:
374:
366:
351:
347:
343:
3086:
2230:
1591:
511:
is medium-sized, and no ridge runs between the second dorsal fin and it. The
2954:
2819:
2738:
1062:
902:
603:
587:
542:
459:
In older literature, the scientific name of this species was often given as
402:
362:
358:
97:
2204:"Biological Profiles: Grey reef shark" at Florida Museum of Natural History
2168:
1864:
1821:
1755:
1609:
945:
connection that sustains them to term. Each female has a single functional
1498:
Papastamatiou, Y.P.; Wetherbee, B.M.; Lowe, C.G. & Crow, G.L. (2006).
3281:
3175:
3080:
2287:
1219:
1112:
1095:
988:
959:
942:
938:
894:
825:
821:
766:
639:
575:
527:
484:
472:
448:
382:
342:. This species is most often seen in shallow water near the drop-offs of
117:
3193:
1911:
1882:
1856:
1524:
1499:
889:
881:
834:
773:). One account has around 25 grey reef sharks following a large pod of
687:
571:
350:, the dark tips on the other fins, the broad, black rear margin on the
316:
3180:
1406:
917:, one of the sharks involved was attacked and consumed by the others.
698:. On occasion, this shark may venture several kilometers out into the
3206:
3136:
2281:
2216:"Coral Reefs: Grey Reef Shark" at ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
950:
868:
The lower teeth of the grey reef shark are narrower than upper teeth.
853:
838:
695:
679:
378:
107:
3057:
2141:
Robbins, W.D.; Hisano, M.; Connolly, S.R. & Choat, J.H. (2006).
884:
being the second-most important food group, and crustaceans such as
837:
species that attach to the sharks' skin, and juvenile stages of the
800:
Grey reef sharks are themselves prey for larger sharks, such as the
1357:
Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: The Status of the Chondrichthyan Fishes
388:
The grey reef shark was the first shark species known to perform a
2305:
1730:
n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the shark
1697:
The Fragile Edge: Diving and Other Adventures in the South Pacific
1037:
1012:
977:
946:
877:
863:
709:
671:
663:
651:
583:
563:
541:
497:
385:
connection. Litters of one to six pups are born every other year.
147:
41:
3294:
934:
906:
885:
849:
635:
3061:
2240:
1303:. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. pp. 459–461.
1134:
1132:
546:
Coral reef drop-offs are favored habitat for grey reef sharks.
1883:"Distribution, reproduction, and diet of the gray reef shark
1050:
of the grey reef shark is the most pronounced and well-known
1998:) (Fam. Charcharhinidae). PhD thesis, James Cook University.
962:. The newborns measure 45–60 cm (18–24 in) long.
2083:
Sharks of Hawaii: Their Biology and Cultural Significance
1439:
Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department
982:
Grey reef sharks become more active as night approaches.
905:
is extremely acute, being capable of detecting one part
1449:
1447:
2028:
2026:
933:; once the developing embryos exhaust their supply of
3011:
1881:
Wetherbee, B.M.; Crow, C.G. & Lowe, C.G. (1997).
1734:(Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae) off New Caledonia".
1670:
The Private Life of Sharks: The Truth Behind the Myth
1540:
http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/Home/species/2881
1395:
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
1383:
Carcharhinus. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circ. 445.
1322:
1320:
447:
was a 1.5 metres (4.9 ft)-long female from the
3070:
2985:
2952:
2874:
2850:
2817:
2793:
2769:
2736:
2712:
2652:
2628:
2320:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1022:peak daylight hours. Similarly, at Sand Island off
2143:"Ongoing collapse of coral reef shark populations"
1876:
1874:
1694:
872:Grey reef sharks feed mainly on bony fishes, with
746:; this may be due to their similar diets causing
1493:
1491:
1489:
439:. Later authors moved this species to the genus
437:Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië
1642:. Trident Press. pp. 19–24, 27–32, 74–75.
1164:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39365A173433550.en
483:). This interpretation was supported by a 1992
428:first described the grey reef shark in 1856 as
2085:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 21–24.
1350:
1348:
1251:Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology
411:International Union for Conservation of Nature
357:The grey reef shark is a fast-swimming, agile
2252:
2106:ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark
1458:, at Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean".
8:
1184:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1106:(2006) found grey reef shark populations in
330:. One of the most common reef sharks in the
1294:
3058:
2259:
2245:
2237:
1331:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 29.
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
226:
59:
40:
31:
2158:
2076:
2074:
2054:
2052:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1968:A Color Atlas of Dangerous Marine Animals
1910:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1599:
1523:
1262:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1162:
992:and nighttime home ranges. Where strong
413:has assessed this species as endangered.
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
515:are narrow and falcate (sickle-shaped).
3018:
1128:
949:(on the right side) and two functional
1177:
558:. In the Indian Ocean, it occurs from
361:that feeds primarily on free-swimming
1701:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.
550:The grey reef shark is native to the
7:
3269:e3deacb2-0b33-47b5-aaeb-4f729e4a88a3
1951:Gombessa IV on arte.tv (archive.org)
1428:Biological Profiles: Grey Reef Shark
1327:Randall, J.E.; Hoover, J.P. (1995).
430:Carcharias (Prionodon) amblyrhynchos
2199:(Grey Reef Shark)" at IUCN Red List
2018:ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
1672:. Stackpole Books. pp. 74–76.
1150:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
929:. Like other requiem sharks, it is
377:, meaning the mother nourishes her
2037:, at Enewetak, Marshall Islands".
856:(the dividers between each gill).
25:
397:been responsible for a number of
3356:IUCN Red List endangered species
3045:
3033:
3021:
1994:) and the white tip reef shark (
789:) and a single silvertip shark.
84:
1460:Environmental Biology of Fishes
1080:International Shark Attack File
2190:, Grey reef shark" at FishBase
2020:. Retrieved on April 30, 2009.
1891:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1504:Marine Ecology Progress Series
1441:. Retrieved on April 29, 2009.
1074:been several known attacks on
1:
1966:& Campbell, D.R. (1990).
1638:Stafford-Deitsch, J. (1999).
334:, it is found as far east as
235:Range of the grey reef shark
3366:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
2931:Australian sharpnose shark (
2492:Smoothtooth blacktip shark (
2014:Coral Reefs: Grey Reef Shark
824:of this species include the
582:, it is found from southern
463:. The blacktail reef shark (
2922:Caribbean sharpnose shark (
2895:Brazilian sharpnose shark (
2609:Australian blacktip shark (
1245:Martin, R.A. (March 2007).
987:(0.31 sq mi). At
3387:
3142:carcharhinus-amblyrhynchos
3129:Carcharhinus_amblyrhynchos
3116:Carcharhinus_amblyrhynchos
3102:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
3072:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
2940:Atlantic sharpnose shark (
2223:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
2197:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
2188:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
2039:Bulletin of Marine Science
1992:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
1779:Bulletin of Marine Science
1732:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
1726:Justine, J. (July 2005). "
1584:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103646
1456:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
1213:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
1143:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
304:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
210:Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
2973:Pacific spadenose shark (
2904:Pacific sharpnose shark (
2422:Pacific smalltail shark (
2276:
2225:" at Shark-References.com
2160:10.1016/j.cub.2006.09.044
2112:Retrieved on May 1, 2009.
2035:Carcharhinus amblyrhyncos
1970:. CRC Press. p. 11.
1885:Carcharhinus amblyrhychos
1814:10.1007/s11230-008-9158-2
1748:10.1007/s11230-005-3160-8
1299:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
1264:10.1080/10236240601154872
246:
239:
234:
225:
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2519:Oceanic whitetip shark (
2221:"Species description of
1927:"Gombessa IV expedition"
1379:Garrick, J.A.F. (1982).
1209:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
570:and nearby islands, the
538:Distribution and habitat
260:Müller & Henle, 1839
249:Carcharias amblyrhynchos
2829:Sicklefin lemon shark (
2757:Borneo broadfin shark (
2700:Irrawaddy river shark (
1845:Journal of Parasitology
1802:Systematic Parasitology
1736:Systematic Parasitology
1472:10.1023/A:1007416813214
771:Istiophorus platypterus
307:, sometimes misspelled
3371:Fish described in 1856
2913:Grey sharpnose shark (
2682:Northern river shark (
2555:Caribbean reef shark (
1329:Coastal fishes of Oman
1157:: e.T39365A173433550.
1043:
1018:
983:
869:
715:
547:
503:
417:Taxonomy and phylogeny
394:stereotypical behavior
2997:Whitetip reef shark (
2537:Blacktip reef shark (
2233:on Sealife Collection
2081:Taylor, L.R. (1993).
1223:. April 2009 version.
1041:
1016:
981:
867:
748:competitive exclusion
713:
545:
526:, second dorsal, and
501:
271:Carcharhinus wheeleri
256:Carcharias menisorrah
192:C. amblyrhynchos
2664:Borneo river shark (
1381:Sharks of the genus
899:whitetip reef sharks
795:Elagatis bipinnulata
781:sp.), along with 25
490:analysis by Lavery.
278:Galeolamna coongoola
2474:Pondicherry shark (
2361:C. amblyrhynchoides
1903:1997MEPS..151..181W
1798:Gnathia trimaculata
1693:Whitty, J. (2007).
1668:Bright, M. (2000).
1576:2022iSci...25j3646D
1516:2006MEPS..320..239P
1000:Little evidence of
848:that attach to the
842:Gnathia trimaculata
775:bottlenose dolphins
728:whitetip reef shark
720:blacktip reef shark
706:Biology and ecology
632:Tuamotu Archipelago
409:. As a result, the
338:and as far west as
264:Carcharias nesiotes
51:Conservation status
2724:Daggernose shark (
2691:Speartooth shark (
2438:Whitecheek shark (
2209:2008-06-04 at the
1912:10.3354/meps151181
1857:10.1645/ge-1391r.1
1545:2014-12-15 at the
1525:10.3354/meps320239
1433:2008-06-04 at the
1108:Great Barrier Reef
1069:Human interactions
1044:
1019:
984:
968:Great Barrier Reef
870:
716:
612:Chagos Archipelago
548:
504:
434:scientific journal
285:*ambiguous synonym
3341:
3340:
3303:Open Tree of Life
3064:Taxon identifiers
3009:
3008:
2964:Spadenose shark (
2805:Whitenose shark (
2600:Spot-tail shark (
2582:Blackspot shark (
2573:Smalltail shark (
2483:Finetooth shark (
2465:Galapagos shark (
2368:Grey reef shark (
2343:C. albimarginatus
2341:Silvertip shark (
2332:Blacknose shark (
2312:Carcharhiniformes
2153:(23): 2314–2319.
2092:978-0-8248-1562-2
1996:Triaenodon obesus
1977:978-0-8493-7139-4
1964:Auerbach, Paul S.
1712:978-0-618-19716-3
1679:978-0-8117-2875-1
1649:978-1-900724-28-9
1407:10.1071/MF9920097
1366:978-2-8317-0700-6
1338:978-0-8248-1808-1
1310:978-92-5-101384-7
1052:agonistic display
964:Sexual maturation
814:great hammerheads
732:Triaenodon obesus
628:Marquesas Islands
481:C. albimarginatus
291:
290:
286:
282:
275:
268:
261:
253:
158:Carcharhiniformes
74:
16:(Redirected from
3378:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3297:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3248:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3209:
3197:
3196:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3145:
3144:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3017:
2975:S. macrorhynchos
2748:Broadfin shark (
2528:Hardnose shark (
2510:Blacktip shark (
2467:C. galapagenisis
2370:C. amblyrhynchos
2359:Graceful shark (
2261:
2254:
2247:
2238:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2113:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2030:
2021:
2010:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1962:Halstead, B.W.;
1959:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1929:. Archived from
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1603:
1555:
1549:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1495:
1484:
1483:
1451:
1442:
1424:
1411:
1410:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1296:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1242:
1225:
1224:
1203:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1136:
955:gestation period
941:develops into a
818:Sphyrna mokarran
810:French Polynesia
684:Hawaiian Islands
668:Pitcairn Islands
660:Marianas Islands
644:Marshall Islands
620:Christmas Island
596:Gulf of Thailand
594:, including the
284:
280:
273:
266:
259:
251:
230:
212:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
35:Grey reef shark
32:
27:Species of shark
21:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3277:Observation.org
3275:
3267:
3265:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3166:
3161:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3135:
3127:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3010:
3005:
2981:
2948:
2870:
2846:
2840:N. brevirostris
2813:
2789:
2781:Sliteye shark (
2765:
2732:
2708:
2648:
2624:
2564:Sandbar shark (
2539:C. melanopterus
2458:C. fitzroyensis
2413:Nervous shark (
2404:Spinner shark (
2350:Bignose shark (
2316:
2272:
2265:
2231:Grey reef shark
2211:Wayback Machine
2182:
2177:
2176:
2147:Current Biology
2140:
2139:
2135:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2011:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1728:Huffmanela lata
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1667:
1666:
1657:
1650:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1547:Wayback Machine
1537:
1533:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1435:Wayback Machine
1425:
1414:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1272:
1244:
1243:
1228:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1071:
1036:
1011:
976:
923:
862:
830:Huffmanela lata
802:silvertip shark
791:Rainbow runners
724:C. melanopterus
718:Along with the
708:
676:Solomon Islands
540:
496:
477:silvertip shark
419:
299:gray reef shark
295:grey reef shark
283:
276:
269:
262:
254:
221:
214:
208:
195:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
18:Gray reef shark
15:
12:
11:
5:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3312:
3299:
3286:
3273:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3172:
3159:
3146:
3133:
3120:
3107:
3092:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:R. terraenovae
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2877:Rhizoprionodon
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:L. macrorhinus
2777:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:I. oxyrhynchus
2720:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2673:Ganges shark (
2670:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2456:Creek whaler (
2453:
2449:C. falciformis
2444:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2395:Copper shark (
2392:
2386:Borneo shark (
2383:
2379:C. amboinensis
2377:Pigeye shark (
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2300:Elasmobranchii
2296:
2294:Chondrichthyes
2290:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2218:
2213:
2201:
2192:
2181:
2180:External links
2178:
2175:
2174:
2133:
2114:
2098:
2091:
2070:
2048:
2022:
2000:
1983:
1976:
1954:
1943:
1918:
1870:
1851:(3): 608–615.
1835:
1788:
1769:
1742:(3): 181–184.
1718:
1711:
1685:
1678:
1655:
1648:
1640:Red Sea Sharks
1623:
1550:
1531:
1485:
1466:(2): 129–139.
1443:
1412:
1385:
1372:
1365:
1344:
1337:
1316:
1309:
1270:
1226:
1207:Froese, Rainer
1191:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1092:shark fin soup
1070:
1067:
1048:threat display
1035:
1034:Threat display
1032:
1024:Johnston Atoll
1010:
1007:
1002:territoriality
994:tidal currents
975:
972:
922:
919:
911:feeding frenzy
895:Fakarava atoll
861:
858:
852:filaments and
846:G. grandilaris
806:Rangiroa Atoll
787:C. falciformis
763:pelagic fishes
759:marine mammals
736:sandbar sharks
707:
704:
608:American Samoa
556:Pacific Oceans
539:
536:
495:
492:
426:Pieter Bleeker
418:
415:
390:threat display
328:Carcharhinidae
289:
288:
244:
243:
237:
236:
232:
231:
223:
222:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
168:Carcharhinidae
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
138:Elasmobranchii
135:
131:
130:
128:Chondrichthyes
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3383:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3344:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3019:
3015:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2966:S. laticaudus
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2838:Lemon shark (
2836:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2750:L. temminckii
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2675:G. gangeticus
2671:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2640:Tiger shark (
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2591:Night shark (
2589:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2546:Dusky shark (
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2521:C. longimanus
2517:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2447:Silky shark (
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:C. dussumieri
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2406:C. brevipinna
2402:
2400:
2398:
2397:C. brachyurus
2393:
2391:
2389:
2388:C. borneensis
2384:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2269:requiem shark
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:Martin, R.A.
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1933:on 2020-06-11
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:(2): 97–112.
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1785:(3): 715–724.
1784:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:(1): 103646.
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1401:(1): 97–108.
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1003:
998:
995:
990:
980:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
866:
859:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
840:
836:
832:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
752:Palmyra Atoll
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
712:
705:
703:
701:
697:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:New Caledonia
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Easter Island
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:Pacific Ocean
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
544:
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
513:pectoral fins
510:
500:
493:
491:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:morphological
466:
462:
461:C. menisorrah
457:
454:
450:
446:
445:type specimen
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
424:
423:ichthyologist
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Easter Island
333:
329:
326:
322:
321:requiem shark
318:
314:
313:amblyrhinchos
310:
309:amblyrhynchus
306:
305:
300:
296:
287:
281:Whitley, 1964
279:
274:Garrick, 1982
272:
265:
257:
252:Bleeker, 1856
250:
245:
242:
238:
233:
229:
224:
219:
213:
211:
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:Selachimorpha
146:
144:Subdivision:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3361:Carcharhinus
3343:
3071:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2915:R. oligolinx
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2886:Milk shark (
2875:
2863:
2862:Blue shark (
2851:
2839:
2831:N. acutidens
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2782:
2770:
2759:L. tephrodes
2758:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2715:Isogomphodon
2713:
2702:G. siamensis
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2618:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2501:Bull shark (
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2334:C. acronotus
2333:
2323:Carcharhinus
2321:
2304:Subdivision
2222:
2196:
2187:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2082:
2064:
2060:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2017:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1967:
1957:
1946:
1935:. Retrieved
1931:the original
1921:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1696:
1688:
1669:
1639:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1534:
1507:
1503:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1438:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1356:
1328:
1300:
1254:
1250:
1218:
1212:
1180:cite journal
1168:. Retrieved
1154:
1148:
1142:
1103:
1099:
1084:
1076:spearfishers
1072:
1056:
1046:The "hunch"
1045:
1028:
1020:
999:
985:
924:
921:Life history
871:
845:
841:
833:and several
828:
817:
799:
794:
786:
783:silky sharks
778:
770:
756:
743:
739:
731:
723:
717:
692:
624:Cook Islands
586:to northern
566:, including
560:South Africa
549:
517:
505:
488:phylogenetic
480:
471:characters,
464:
460:
458:
453:common names
441:Carcharhinus
440:
436:
429:
420:
387:
356:
340:South Africa
332:Indo-Pacific
312:
308:
303:
302:
298:
294:
292:
277:
270:
267:Snyder, 1904
263:
255:
248:
247:
209:
207:
191:
190:
179:Carcharhinus
178:
29:
3202:iNaturalist
3096:Wikispecies
3052:Marine life
2906:R. longurio
2897:R. lalandii
2684:G. garricki
2666:G. fowlerae
2611:C. tilstoni
2593:C. signatus
2566:C. plumbeus
2548:C. obscurus
2512:C. limbatus
2476:C. hemiodon
1897:: 181–189.
1510:: 239–251.
1426:Bester, C.
1257:(1): 3–34.
1170:19 November
1059:submersible
874:cephalopods
740:C. plumbeus
600:Philippines
592:New Zealand
494:Description
465:C. wheeleri
371:territorial
367:cephalopods
363:bony fishes
344:coral reefs
3350:Categories
2988:Triaenodon
2933:R. taylori
2924:R. porosus
2693:G. glyphis
2631:Galeocerdo
2619:C. tjutjot
2575:C. porosus
2530:C. macloti
2494:C. leiodon
2432:C. coatesi
2424:C. cerdale
2352:C. altimus
2229:Photos of
2124:Shark News
1937:2018-10-12
1887:in Hawaii"
1123:References
1117:ecotourism
1063:moray eels
931:viviparous
927:copulation
765:, such as
744:vice versa
726:) and the
700:open ocean
648:Micronesia
574:, and the
568:Madagascar
520:caudal fin
509:dorsal fin
381:through a
375:viviparous
348:dorsal fin
134:Subclass:
66:Endangered
2999:T. obesus
2955:Scoliodon
2888:R. acutus
2864:P. glauca
2820:Negaprion
2796:Nasolamia
2739:Lamiopsis
2642:G. cuvier
2602:C. sorrah
2584:C. sealei
2557:C. perezi
2503:C. leucas
2485:C. isodon
2415:C. cautus
2298:Subclass
2045:: 89–110.
1618:245303571
1592:2589-0042
1009:Sociality
943:placental
822:parasites
761:or large
604:Indonesia
588:Australia
578:. In the
528:anal fins
473:vertebral
432:, in the
407:dispersal
403:fisheries
383:placental
323:, in the
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
3220:10576738
3176:FishBase
3081:Wikidata
2853:Prionace
2807:N. velox
2306:Selachii
2288:Chordata
2282:Animalia
2280:Kingdom
2207:Archived
2169:17141612
2067:: 45–56.
1865:18605791
1822:19115084
1756:16025207
1610:35024583
1564:iScience
1543:Archived
1480:46066734
1431:Archived
1220:FishBase
1113:poaching
1096:fishmeal
989:Enewetak
974:Behavior
960:Enewetak
939:yolk sac
915:snappers
890:lobsters
876:such as
826:nematode
779:Tursiops
767:sailfish
640:Kiribati
576:Maldives
485:allozyme
451:. Other
449:Java Sea
359:predator
352:tail fin
241:Synonyms
164:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
3194:2418064
3087:Q163523
3014:Portals
2772:Loxodon
2655:Glyphis
2286:Phylum
2271:species
2267:Extant
2061:Oceanus
1899:Bibcode
1830:8645018
1601:8728395
1572:Bibcode
1512:Bibcode
882:octopus
860:Feeding
839:isopods
835:copepod
742:), and
696:lagoons
688:Vanuatu
572:Red Sea
532:tanning
399:attacks
379:embryos
317:species
315:) is a
220:, 1856)
218:Bleeker
174:Genus:
154:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3331:217337
3318:122883
3315:uBio:
3308:517925
3295:217337
3266:NZOR:
3259:263684
3233:160358
3137:ARKive
3040:Sharks
2310:Order
2292:Class
2167:
2130:: 1–3.
2089:
1974:
1863:
1828:
1820:
1764:915034
1762:
1754:
1709:
1676:
1646:
1616:
1608:
1598:
1590:
1478:
1363:
1335:
1307:
1104:et al.
1100:et al.
937:, the
686:, and
682:, the
680:Tuvalu
674:, the
666:, the
658:, the
642:, the
630:, the
626:, the
622:, the
610:, the
602:, and
598:, the
552:Indian
524:pelvic
443:. The
421:Dutch
325:family
3326:WoRMS
3282:80227
3246:39365
3215:IRMNG
3207:67970
3155:55541
1826:S2CID
1760:S2CID
1614:S2CID
1476:S2CID
951:uteri
947:ovary
903:smell
886:crabs
878:squid
854:septa
804:. At
672:Samoa
664:Palau
652:Nauru
584:China
564:India
3290:OBIS
3254:NCBI
3241:IUCN
3228:ITIS
3189:GBIF
3168:R3ML
3150:BOLD
3028:Fish
2165:PMID
2087:ISBN
1972:ISBN
1861:PMID
1818:PMID
1752:PMID
1707:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1606:PMID
1588:ISSN
1361:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1186:link
1172:2021
1155:2020
1094:and
1088:IUCN
935:yolk
907:tuna
888:and
880:and
850:gill
844:and
636:Guam
590:and
554:and
392:, a
365:and
293:The
3181:861
3163:CoL
3124:AFD
3111:ADW
2155:doi
1907:doi
1895:151
1853:doi
1810:doi
1744:doi
1596:PMC
1580:doi
1520:doi
1508:320
1468:doi
1403:doi
1259:doi
1159:doi
808:in
754:).
562:to
319:of
311:or
297:or
3352::
3328::
3305::
3292::
3279::
3256::
3243::
3230::
3217::
3204::
3191::
3178::
3165::
3152::
3139::
3126::
3113::
3098::
3083::
2163:.
2151:16
2149:.
2145:.
2128:10
2126:.
2108:.
2073:^
2065:24
2063:.
2051:^
2043:38
2041:.
2025:^
2016:.
2003:^
1905:.
1893:.
1889:.
1873:^
1859:.
1849:94
1847:.
1824:.
1816:.
1806:72
1804:.
1783:65
1781:.
1758:.
1750:.
1740:61
1738:.
1705:.
1658:^
1626:^
1612:.
1604:.
1594:.
1586:.
1578:.
1568:25
1566:.
1562:.
1518:.
1506:.
1502:.
1488:^
1474:.
1464:51
1462:.
1446:^
1437:.
1415:^
1399:43
1397:.
1347:^
1319:^
1273:^
1255:40
1253:.
1249:.
1229:^
1217:.
1194:^
1182:}}
1178:{{
1153:.
1147:.
1131:^
812:,
702:.
690:.
678:,
670:,
662:,
654:,
650:,
646:,
638:,
634:,
618:,
614:,
258:*
3016::
3001:)
2977:)
2968:)
2944:)
2935:)
2926:)
2917:)
2908:)
2899:)
2890:)
2866:)
2842:)
2833:)
2809:)
2785:)
2761:)
2752:)
2728:)
2704:)
2695:)
2686:)
2677:)
2668:)
2644:)
2613:)
2604:)
2595:)
2586:)
2577:)
2568:)
2559:)
2550:)
2541:)
2532:)
2523:)
2514:)
2505:)
2496:)
2487:)
2478:)
2469:)
2460:)
2451:)
2442:)
2426:)
2417:)
2408:)
2399:)
2390:)
2381:)
2372:)
2363:)
2354:)
2345:)
2336:)
2260:e
2253:t
2246:v
2195:"
2186:"
2171:.
2157::
2095:.
1980:.
1940:.
1915:.
1909::
1901::
1867:.
1855::
1832:.
1812::
1766:.
1746::
1715:.
1703:9
1682:.
1652:.
1620:.
1582::
1574::
1528:.
1522::
1514::
1482:.
1470::
1409:.
1405::
1369:.
1341:.
1313:.
1267:.
1261::
1215:"
1211:"
1188:)
1174:.
1161::
1145:"
1141:"
816:(
793:(
785:(
777:(
769:(
738:(
730:(
722:(
479:(
301:(
216:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
