490:), according to early Islamic sources, the Islamic prophet Muhammad was said to have commanded the construction of the Great Mosque of Sana’a, and the mosque is known as the first mosque to have been built outside of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. During this post-Hijra period (622-632 CE), Sana'a was central in the propagation of the Islamic religion. Many of the archaeological finds discovered in the Great Mosque substantiate an argument for its construction to the era when Muhammad was alive, including several spolia from the Axumite Cathedral as well as from the Sabaean
534:
542:
north–south direction. Halls with three aisles aligned along the east–west direction are built with materials of the pre-Islamic period brought from other areas. Within the courtyard is a domed structure dating back to the 16th century. It is an
Ottoman building that resembles the Ka'ba in Mecca, however, it is argued that the two are not connected due to the alternating layers of colored materials, which is an ablaq technique, predating Islam within the region. This structure first served as the mosque's treasury, and later as a storage place for
169:
479:
566:. This is evidenced by the fact that the Axumite Empire erected its largest cathedral within the city of Sana'a and that remains of this cathedral, as well as from Gumdan palace and Christian and Jewish places of worship, are incorporated into the Great Mosque. Further evidence of this relation is an inscription in the pre-Islamic language of the region, Sabaic, in a reused stone arch support implies it is connected to Byzantine architecture.
614:
551:
1142:
1694:
1441:
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417:, and one of the oldest mosques in the world. The mosque is said to have been founded in the early Islamic period, suggested to be in 633. While the precise date of construction is unknown, the earliest recorded renovations occurred under Caliph al-Walid I in the early 8th century, implying a possible earlier date of construction. The mosque was reportedly built in part from
570:
176:
53:
629:
UNESCO's World
Heritage Institute of Training and Research-Asia and Pacific (Shanghai). Analysis of the damage suffered by the mosque over several centuries includes evidence of floods, rains, soil subsidence, old electrical wiring and connections, groundwater seepage, vandalism, and wars, and also weak old buildings adjoining the mosque.
467:. The mosque, commissioned by Muhammed, who instructed for its construction within the garden of the Persian governors, was built upon the ruins of Sheba's Ghumdan Palace, between the two areas of Sana'a at the time: al-Qati and al-Sirar. The Great mosque was built near the suq, which was already in place at the time of its construction.
637:. Pavings have been improved and minarets are being restored. Improvements have been made in ablution areas and modern toilets were added. Other improvements have been made to the water supply and sewerage systems, as well as the removal of old buildings that do not match the historical and architectural features of the mosque.
541:
The Great Mosque is built in a style of stepped stone, which is linked to similar ancient
Abyssinian Axumite stonework. The wooden ceilings, made of lacunari's wood, are carved and painted. The central courtyard measures 80 by 60 metres (260 ft × 200 ft), with prayer halls arranged in a
628:
List, designated in 1986 as list no. 345, under
Criteria: (iv)(v)(vi), which includes 103 mosques, 14 hammams, and over 6,000 houses of Sana'a, all built before the eleventh century. Preservation of the Great Mosque, which is of exceptional religious and historical value, has been supported by
494:. During the 7th century, the remains of pre-Islamic Sana'a were largely destroyed when it became the center for the spread of the Islamic faith during the early years of the Hijrah. This is evidenced by the architectural remains of pre-Islamic buildings found within the Great Mosque.
597:
and its destruction. One of the Koran found here is said to have been written or compiled by Imam Ali, which is preserved by the mosque library. Early book bindings found at the mosque have been well documented by scholars such as Ursula
Dreibholz (1997).
632:
Repairs and maintenance, initiated in 2003, continue to be carried out in phases, such as electrical system renovation. Plastering has been redone, including restoration of the old traditional plaster known as
546:
and has a large library and other ancient manuscripts. This structure may originally have had a water feature such as an ablution pool beneath it for those wishing to purify themselves when visiting the
577:
The western minaret, built during Queen Arwa bint Ahmad's restoration, is similar to those of the mosques of the same period built in Cairo, due to her close links with the
Fatimid dynasty in Egypt.
522:
restored much of the mosque. She was responsible for the sculpted ceilings of the mosque's eastern, western, and northern wings. The mosque's western minaret was built as a part of this restoration.
1026:
Lewcock, Ronald; Smith, G. Rex; Serjeant, R.B.; Costa, Paolo (1983). "The
Architectural History and Description of the Ṣanʿāʾ Mosques: The Great Mosque". In Serjeant, R.B.; Lewcock, Ronald (eds.).
746:
Smith, G.R., “Ṣanʿāʾ”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second
Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 08 December 2020
589:, found by construction workers while renovating an attic wall. Four thousand rare Arabic manuscripts were also uncovered that are linked to the start of Islam, the Umayyad period, and
1429:
470:
In later years, city planning, expansion, and orientation were greatly influenced by the construction of the Great Mosque and two other mosques on the city's north side.
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In 1972–73, when plaster was removed by archaeologists, they discovered some 65 artifacts, including large quantities of old manuscripts and parchments, as well as the
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1422:
1099:
65:
1938:
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The building has undergone renovations in the 8th century, the 13th century, and during the
Ottoman period. An important archaeological find was the
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1407:
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Other archaeological finds at the Great Mosque are remnants of vaults and old buildings connected to the capital when it contained the
Axumite
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692:"World Heritage Institute of Training and Research-Asia and Pacific - Restoration of the Great Mosque in Sana'a, Yemen"
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that formerly occupied the site. The Great Mosque is the largest and most notable of over one hundred mosques in the
430:
1966:
1067:
Costa, Paolo. “La Moschea Grande di San’a,” Annali. Instituto Orientale di Napoli 34 (N.S. 24) (1974), pp/ 487–506.
930:
Sana'a before Islam in the seventh century was divided in two halves the Great Mosque between Al-Qati and Al-Sirar
525:
In the early 16th century, the mosque was renovated with a domed square structure and the paving of its courtyard.
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1981:
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Finster, Barbara. "Survey islamischer Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler im Yemen - Die Große Moschee von Ṣan‘ā'",
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expanded the mosque. An inscription found in the courtyard of the mosque dates to 753 CE, in the
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In 876/7 CE, floods twice caused substantial damage to the mosque, after which it was renovated.
444:, discovered there during restoration in 1972. Today, the Great Mosque of Sana’a is part of the
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In the early 9th century, a minaret was constructed on the east side. In the year 911 CE,
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943:"درجة الحديث الوارد في مسجد صنعاء الكبير وكيفية تحديد قبلته - إسلام ويب - مركز الفتوى"
17:
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The interior stone arcades of the flat roofs of the mosque are suggested to be
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2017:
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113:
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The city of Sana'a was the military center of the pre-Islamic kingdom of the
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1986:
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The Stylistic Origins of Umayyad Sculpture and Architectural Decoration
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1074:, London: Routledge, 1994, chapter II "The Great Mosque of Sanaa."
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70:
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The two white minarets on the left are those of the Great Mosque.
1346:
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1411:
1081:
814:"Jami' al-Kabir | Aerial view over the Great Mosque of Sana'a"
617:
One of the Qur'an fragments found in 1972 in the mosque's loft
915:
Planning Middle Eastern Cities: An Urban Kaleidoscope
1046:
Finster, Barbara, "Die Freitagsmoschee von Ṣan‘ā’,"
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In the twelfth century, 1130 CE, the Isma`ili Queen
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1032:. World of Islam Festival Trust. pp. 323–350.
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1053:Finster, Barbara. "Die Grosse Moschee von Ṣan‘ā,"
754:First published online: 2012 First print edition:
1972:Dhamar Montane Plains Mahjur Traditional Reserve
1057:1982, p. 197-211, 3, 1986, p. 185-193.
719:. University of Exeter Press. pp. 175–188.
497:From 705 to 715 (86–96 AH), the Umayyad caliph
1423:
1093:
537:One of two minarets of Great Mosque in Sana'a
175:
8:
999:Arabic Manuscripts: A Vademecum for Readers
1571:
1466:
1430:
1416:
1408:
1100:
1086:
1078:
51:
29:
1497:Landmarks of the Ancient Kingdom of Saba
1055:Archäologische Berichte aus dem Yemen 1,
568:
664:
515:invaded the city, damaging the mosque.
96:Ecclesiastical or organizational status
1977:Jabal Bura Valley Forest National Park
1062:Archäologische Berichte aus dem Yemen
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621:The Great Mosque is included on the
463:and was an important center for the
393:
1992:Zuqur Islands Marine National Park
1939:St. Mary Help of Christians Church
912:Elsheshtawy, Yasser (2004-08-02).
715:al-Mad'aj, 'Abd al-Muhsin (1994).
25:
1050:p. 92-133; 10 (1979), p. 179-192.
2055:
1692:
1439:
1140:
1048:Baghdader Mitteilungen 9 (1978),
752:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0998
174:
167:
2028:Sanaa Turkish Memorial Cemetery
1072:Studies in Arabian Architecture
1029:Ṣanʻāʼ: an Arabian Islamic city
63:
562:architectural features of the
482:Great Mosque of Sana'a in 2001
1:
1987:Socotra Island Protected Area
1967:Bura Community Protected Area
1934:St. Francis of Assisi Church
1513:Archaeological Site of Marib
1064:, III, 1986 (1987), 185–193.
975:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
855:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
717:New Arabian Studies Volume 1
1558:Sharma/Jethmun coastal area
1528:The Madrasa Amiriya of Rada
451:of the Old City of Sana'a.
402:al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr bi-Ṣanʿāʾ
401:
37:al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr bi-Ṣanʿāʾ
36:
2106:
1533:Jibla and its surroundings
1523:The Historic City of Thula
996:Gacek, Adam (2009-06-24).
322:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2050:
1919:Qubbat Bayt Az-Zum Mosque
1690:
1570:
1548:Balhaf/Burum coastal area
1487:Old Walled City of Shibam
1387:List of mosques in Sana'a
1377:
1234:Qubbat Bayt Az-Zum Mosque
1138:
394:
378:
315:
269:Renovation 705 and 715 AD
162:
112:and later Umayyad caliph
50:
43:
1721:National Museum of Yemen
886:"The Old City of Sana'a"
652:List of mosques in Sanaa
647:List of mosques in Yemen
342:Cultural: iv, v, vi
44:
1899:Grand Synagogue of Aden
421:from the Himyarite-era
1518:Historic City of Saada
1477:Historic Town of Zabid
618:
574:
555:
538:
483:
386:Great Mosque of Sana'a
193:Geographic coordinates
27:Mosque in Sanaa, Yemen
18:Great Mosque of Sanaʽa
1894:Great Mosque of Sanaa
1791:Qu'aiti Sultan Palace
1726:Yemen Military Museum
1304:Great Mosque of Sanaa
969:Talgam, Rina (2004).
616:
605:, unearthed in 2006.
572:
553:
536:
481:
33:Great Mosque of Sanaa
1786:Palace of Queen Arwa
851:"Old City of Sana'a"
395:الجامع الكبير بصنعاء
45:الجامع الكبير بصنعاء
1982:Ras Isa Marine Park
1834:Al-Bakiriyya Mosque
1492:Socotra Archipelago
1446:Tourist attractions
1299:Al-Bakiriyya Mosque
626:World Heritage Site
449:World Heritage Site
215:15.3531°N 44.2149°E
211: /
1604:Cisterns of Tawila
1397:Mosques by country
619:
603:Church of al-Qalis
575:
556:
539:
484:
431:Church of al-Qalis
332:Old City of Sana'a
183:Shown within Sanaa
2072:
2071:
2046:
2045:
1924:Queen Arwa Mosque
1864:Al Tawheed Mosque
1859:Al Shohada Mosque
1849:Al-Muhdhar Mosque
1829:Al-Asha'ir Mosque
1796:Citadel of Rada'a
1711:House of Folklore
1566:
1565:
1482:Old City of Sanaa
1405:
1404:
1329:Al Tawheed Mosque
1324:Al Shohada Mosque
1239:Queen Arwa Mosque
1209:Al-Muhdhar Mosque
1190:Omar Grand Mosque
1165:Al-Asha'ir Mosque
1039:978-0-905035-04-8
1009:978-90-04-17036-0
982:978-3-447-04738-8
925:978-1-134-41010-1
595:Palace of Ghamdan
587:Sana'a manuscript
486:Around 630 CE (6
465:Himyarite Kingdom
442:Sana'a manuscript
382:
381:
16:(Redirected from
2097:
2085:Mosques in Sanaa
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2008:Al-Aidarous gate
1914:Mudhaffar Mosque
1884:Ashrafiya Mosque
1874:Albolaily Mosque
1746:Aljabowbi Castle
1696:
1572:
1467:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1362:Mudhaffar Mosque
1352:Ashrafiya Mosque
1289:Albolaily Mosque
1144:
1109:Mosques in Yemen
1102:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1043:
1014:
1013:
993:
987:
986:
966:
957:
956:
954:
953:
947:www.islamweb.net
939:
933:
932:
909:
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897:
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828:
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810:
763:
744:
731:
730:
712:
706:
705:
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702:
696:www.whitr-ap.org
688:
405:) is an ancient
404:
398:
396:
226:
225:
223:
222:
221:
220:15.3531; 44.2149
216:
212:
209:
208:
207:
204:
178:
177:
171:
121:Year consecrated
80:Amanat Al-Asemah
55:
39:
30:
21:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2042:
2033:Shaharah Bridge
2013:Amiriya Madrasa
1996:
1959:
1953:
1949:Temple of Awwam
1854:Al-Qalis Church
1844:Al-Mahdi Mosque
1816:
1810:
1776:Fort Al-Ghwayzi
1736:
1730:
1697:
1688:
1629:Maṣna'at Māriya
1576:
1575:Archaeological
1562:
1501:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1438:
1436:
1406:
1401:
1373:
1357:Al-Janad Mosque
1333:
1319:Al-Saleh Mosque
1314:Al-Mahdi Mosque
1270:
1245:
1215:
1195:al-Rawda Mosque
1171:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1111:
1106:
1040:
1025:
1022:
1020:Further reading
1017:
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520:Arwa al-Sulayhi
476:
457:
324:
311:Brick and stone
219:
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125:7th–8th century
46:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
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1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Hanthel Mosque
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1879:Alemaan Mosque
1876:
1871:
1869:Alansar Mosque
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1839:Al-Hadi Mosque
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Ghumdan Palace
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1756:Dar al-Bashair
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Mukalla Museum
1713:
1707:
1705:
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1601:
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1555:
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1509:
1507:
1506:Tentative list
1503:
1502:
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1454:
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1437:
1435:
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1427:
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1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1392:Islam in Yemen
1389:
1384:
1378:
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1364:
1359:
1354:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1309:Hanthel Mosque
1306:
1301:
1296:
1294:Alemaan Mosque
1291:
1286:
1284:Alansar Mosque
1280:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:Al-Hadi Mosque
1255:
1253:
1247:
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1097:
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1076:
1075:
1070:Costa, Paolo.
1068:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1038:
1021:
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1016:
1015:
1008:
988:
981:
958:
934:
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866:
829:
764:
732:
725:
707:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
655:
654:
642:
639:
610:
607:
582:
579:
564:Axumite Empire
530:
527:
492:Ghumdan Palace
475:
472:
456:
453:
423:Ghumdan Palace
380:
379:
376:
375:
374:2015 - Present
372:
366:
365:
358:
354:
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348:
344:
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274:Specifications
271:
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258:Groundbreaking
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195:
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173:
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117:
116:
106:
102:
101:
98:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2102:
2091:
2090:Grand mosques
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2038:Sira Fortress
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
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1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1950:
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1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Jennad Mosque
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Barran Temple
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
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1857:
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1850:
1847:
1845:
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1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Aidrus Mosque
1822:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Seiyun Palace
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
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1779:
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1769:
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1610:
1607:
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1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:The Hawf Area
1551:
1549:
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1544:
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1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
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1188:
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1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1131:
1130:Aidrus Mosque
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
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978:
974:
973:
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948:
944:
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927:
921:
918:. Routledge.
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834:
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819:
815:
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789:
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769:
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761:
760:9789004161214
757:
753:
749:
743:
741:
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737:
733:
728:
726:9780859894081
722:
718:
711:
708:
697:
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687:
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669:
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627:
624:
615:
608:
606:
604:
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596:
592:
588:
580:
578:
571:
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565:
561:
554:Interior view
552:
548:
545:
535:
528:
526:
523:
521:
516:
514:
509:
506:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
480:
473:
471:
468:
466:
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454:
452:
450:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
425:and from the
424:
420:
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408:
403:
391:
387:
377:
373:
371:
363:
359:
352:
349:
341:
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331:
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293:
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285:
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268:
264:
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250:
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244:
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234:
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196:
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148:
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
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87:
83:
79:
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72:
69:
67:
58:
54:
49:
42:
38:
31:
19:
2063:Yemen portal
2023:Big Ben Aden
1944:Talha Mosque
1929:Saleh Mosque
1893:
1806:Sheba Palace
1766:Dar al-Shukr
1761:Dar al-Hajar
1751:Cairo Castle
1367:Talha Mosque
1303:
1071:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1028:
998:
991:
971:
950:. Retrieved
946:
937:
929:
914:
893:. Retrieved
889:
858:. Retrieved
854:
821:. Retrieved
817:
716:
710:
699:. Retrieved
695:
631:
620:
609:Preservation
600:
584:
576:
557:
540:
529:Architecture
524:
517:
510:
507:
496:
485:
469:
458:
439:
385:
383:
231:Architecture
153:Municipality
1771:Dar as-Sa'd
1584:Al Hajjarah
1538:Jabal Haraz
1152:Al-Hudaydah
762:, 1960-2007
581:Discoveries
437:of Sana’a.
360:1986 (10th
357:Inscription
218: /
66:Affiliation
2079:Categories
2018:Yemen Gate
1958:Protected
1815:Places of
1543:Jabal Bura
1177:Hadhramaut
952:2020-12-09
895:2020-12-09
860:2020-12-09
823:2020-12-09
701:2020-12-09
660:References
499:al-Walid I
429:Christian
370:Endangered
206:44°12′54″E
203:15°21′11″N
114:al-Walid I
108:Initially
105:Leadership
1624:Marib Dam
1002:. BRILL.
560:Byzantine
347:Reference
307:Materials
266:Completed
1659:Shaharah
1614:Kaminahu
1594:Baraqish
1460:Heritage
1382:Category
641:See also
513:Karmatis
505:period.
455:Location
435:Old City
338:Criteria
143:Location
138:Location
110:Muhammad
77:Province
60:Religion
1817:worship
1738:Castles
1735:Palaces
1703:Museums
1185:Mukalla
890:Archnet
818:Archnet
547:mosque.
503:Abbasid
474:History
461:Sabeans
427:Axumite
397:
362:Session
329:Part of
296:Minaret
89:Zaydism
2001:Others
1669:Sirwah
1664:Shibam
1654:Shabwa
1644:Nashaq
1639:Nashan
1619:Ma'rib
1599:Baynun
1470:Listed
1276:Sana'a
1259:Sa'dah
1251:Sa'dah
1229:Jiblah
1036:
1006:
979:
922:
758:
723:
623:UNESCO
446:UNESCO
419:spolia
411:Sana'a
407:mosque
390:Arabic
279:Length
261:630 AD
252:Yemeni
240:Mosque
133:Active
130:Status
100:In use
1684:Zafar
1679:Zabid
1674:Timna
1649:Sanaa
1634:Nahom
1609:Haram
1589:Awwam
1577:sites
1462:Sites
1458:World
1450:Yemen
1347:Ta'iz
1339:Ta'iz
1204:Tarim
1160:Zabid
635:qudad
591:Sheba
415:Yemen
287:Width
247:Style
157:Sanaa
147:Yemen
71:Islam
1960:area
1125:Aden
1117:Aden
1034:ISBN
1004:ISBN
977:ISBN
920:ISBN
756:ISBN
721:ISBN
544:waqf
384:The
290:60 m
282:80 m
236:Type
85:Rite
1448:in
1221:Ibb
748:doi
593:'s
409:in
351:385
301:Two
298:(s)
2081::
961:^
945:.
928:.
904:^
888:.
869:^
853:.
832:^
816:.
767:^
735:^
694:.
667:^
488:AH
413:,
399:,
392::
1431:e
1424:t
1417:v
1101:e
1094:t
1087:v
1042:.
1012:.
985:.
955:.
898:.
863:.
826:.
750::
729:.
704:.
388:(
364:)
20:)
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