1266:
1051:
541:
1015:
1177:
1082:
1039:
677:
1027:
1234:), but the two species in general prefer different habitats. When they do occur in the same breeding ponds, they can form hybrids, which have intermediate characteristics. Hybrids resulting from the cross of a crested newt male with a marbled newt female are much rarer due to increased mortality of the larvae and consist only of males. In the reverse cross, males have lower survival rates than females. Overall, viability is reduced in these hybrids and they rarely
533:
102:
2850:
77:
53:
932:
685:
809:
Adult newts begin moving to their breeding sites in spring when temperatures stay above 4–5 °C (39–41 °F), usually in March. In the aquatic phase, crested newts are mostly nocturnal and, compared to smaller newt species, usually prefer the deeper parts of a water body, where they hide under
805:
develops in the water as a larva and returns to the water each year for breeding. Adults spend around seven months of the year on land. After larval development in the first year, juveniles pass another year or two before reaching maturity; in the north and at higher elevations, this can take longer.
548:
The northern crested newt is a relatively large newt species. Males usually reach 13.5 cm (5.3 in) total length, while females grow up to 16 cm (6.3 in). Rare individuals of 20 cm (7.9 in) have been recorded. Other crested newt species are more stockily built; only the
1000:
takes place two to four months after hatching, again depending on temperature. Survival of larvae from hatching to metamorphosis has been estimated at a mean of roughly 4%. In unfavourable conditions, larvae may delay their development and overwinter in water, although this seems to be less common
568:
The newts have rough skin, and are dark brown on the back and sides, with black spots and heavy white stippling on the flanks. The female has a yellow line running along the lower tail edge. The throat is mixed yellow–black with fine white stippling, the belly yellow to orange with dark, irregular
1339:
of uncultivated land are seen as effective conservation actions. A network of aquatic habitats in proximity is important to sustain populations, and the creation of new breeding ponds is in general very effective as they are rapidly colonised when other habitats are nearby. In some cases, entire
975:
The eggs are fertilised internally, and the female deposits them individually, usually folding them into leaves of aquatic plants. A female takes around five minutes for the deposition of one egg. They usually lay around 200 eggs per season. Embryos are usually light-coloured, 1.8–2 mm in
825:
to new breeding sites, while the adults in general move back to the same breeding sites each year. The newts do not migrate very far: they may cover around 100 metres (110 yd) in one night and rarely disperse much farther than one kilometre (0.62 mi). Over most of their range, they
813:
During the terrestrial phase, the newts use hiding places such as logs, bark, planks, stone walls, or small mammal burrows; several individuals may occupy such refuges at the same time. Since the newts generally stay very close to their aquatic breeding sites, the quality of the surrounding
732:, which need not be of natural origin; indeed, most ponds inhabited in the United Kingdom are human-made. Examples of other suitable secondary habitats are ditches, channels, gravel pit lakes, or garden ponds. Other newts that can sometimes be found in the same breeding sites are the
792:
overlap, and hybrids are present. As the northern crested newt's population grows, and marbled newt population struggles, these hybrids have been shown to possess good qualities of both. They have more fecundity than the two newts however have a hard time keeping their eggs alive.
810:
vegetation. As with other newts, they have to occasionally move to the surface to breathe air. The aquatic phase serves not only for reproduction, but also offers more abundant prey, and immature crested newts frequently return to the water in spring even if they do not breed.
935:
939:
938:
934:
933:
940:
224:
572:
During the aquatic breeding season, males develop crest up to 1.5 cm (0.59 in) high, which runs along the back and tail but is interrupted at the tail base. It is heavily indented on the back but smoother on the tail. Also during breeding season, the male's
326:. It is a large newt, with females growing up to 16 cm (6.3 in) long. Its back and sides are dark brown, while the belly is yellow to orange with dark blotches. Males develop a conspicuous jagged crest on their back and tail during the breeding season.
516:
was long considered as a single species, the "crested newt", with several subspecies. Substantial genetic differences between these subspecies were, however, noted and eventually led to their recognition as full species, often collectively referred to as
937:
814:
terrestrial habitat largely determines whether an otherwise suitable water body will be colonised. Great crested newts may also climb vegetation during their terrestrial phase, although the exact function of this behaviour is not known at present.
806:
The larval and juvenile stages are the riskiest for the newts, while survival is higher in adults. Once the risky stages passed, adult newts usually have a lifespan of seven to nine years, although individuals have reached 17 years in the wild.
1065:
species fold their eggs in leaves of aquatic plants. The larvae first develop fore- and later hindlimbs and can grow up to 7 cm. After metamorphosis, juveniles are around 3–5 cm long. In total, larval development takes between two and four
690:
687:
686:
1295:, i.e. the loss of connections for exchange between suitable habitats. Other threats include the introduction of fish and crayfish into breeding ponds, collection for the pet trade in its eastern range, warmer and wetter winters due to
1081:
689:
1328:. As required by these frameworks, its capture, disturbance, killing or trade, as well as the destruction of its habitats, are prohibited in most European countries. The EU habitats directive is also the basis for the
1757:
983:
Larvae hatch after two to five weeks, depending on temperature. As in all salamanders and newts, forelimbs develop first, followed later by the back legs. Unlike smaller newts, crested newt larvae are mostly
2055:
Wakely, J.F.; Fuhrman, G.J.; Fuhrman, F.A.; Fischer, H.G.; Mosher, H.S. (1966). "The occurrence of tetrodotoxin (tarichatoxin) in amphibia and the distribution of the toxin in the organs of newts (
1870:
1335:
Preservation of natural water bodies, reduction of fertiliser and pesticide use, control or eradication of introduced predatory fish, and the connection of habitats through sufficiently wide
976:
diameter with a 6 mm jelly capsule, which distinguishes them from eggs of other co-existing newt species that are smaller and darker-coloured. A genetic particularity shared with other
1320:
Appendix II as "strictly protected". It is also included in Annex II (species requiring designation of special areas of conservation) and IV (species in need of strict protection) of the
1184:
936:
1291:
through urban and agricultural development, affecting the aquatic breeding sites as well as the land habitats. Their limited dispersal makes the newts especially vulnerable to
3333:
688:
1765:
3083:
2362:
Babik, W.; Pabijan, M.; Arntzen, J.W.; et al. (2009). "Long-term survival of a urodele amphibian despite depleted major histocompatibility complex variation".
874:, and smaller newts (including conspecifics). Larvae, depending on their size, eat small invertebrates and tadpoles, and also smaller larvae of their own species.
410:
3135:
1445:
709:, but conifer woods are also accepted, especially in the far northern and southern ranges. In the absence of forests, other cover-rich habitats, as for example
1351:, whose conservation also benefits a range of other amphibians. Government agencies have issued specific guidelines for the mitigation of development impacts.
1347:
Strict protection of the northern crested newt in the United
Kingdom has created conflicts with local development projects, but the species is also seen as a
1265:
3308:
1447:
Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata
329:
The northern crested newt spends most of the year on land, mainly in forested areas in lowlands. It moves to aquatic breeding sites, mainly larger fish-free
2748:
1882:. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats Standing Committee 26th meeting. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Archived from
1883:
3254:
3057:
2695:
3267:
3096:
2961:
1419:
1203:
The northern crested newt sometimes hybridises with other crested newt species where their ranges meet, but overall, the different species are
881:, and are especially vulnerable to predatory fish. Adults generally avoid predators through their hidden lifestyle but are sometimes eaten by
3328:
1661:
3323:
2478:"The Carpathians hosted extra-Mediterranean refugia-within-refugia during the Pleistocene Ice Age: genomic evidence from two newt genera"
3338:
3241:
2708:
2303:
1601:
1309:
2162:"Genetic pollution of a threatened native crested newt species through hybridization with an invasive congener in the Netherlands"
917:
which can be presented in case of perceived danger. In such a posture, the newts typically roll up and secrete a milky substance.
3187:
1317:
1552:
585:
The northern crested newt is the most widespread and northerly crested newt species. The northern edge of its range runs from
3272:
2956:
2741:
3101:
3318:
3122:
1250:
458:
395:
1902:"Fecundity of the newts Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus and their natural hybrids in relation to species coexistence"
1176:
2979:
771:
The northern crested newt is generally a lowland species but has been found up to 1,750 m (5,740 ft) in the
524:". There are now seven accepted species of crested newts, of which the northern crested newt is the most widespread.
3036:
1325:
442:
3140:
3049:
2734:
1284:, but populations are declining. It is rare in some parts of its range and listed in several national red lists.
101:
2674:
1050:
557:) is more slender. Body shape is correlated with skeletal build: The northern crested newt has 15 rib-bearing
3285:
364:
Several of the northern crested newt's former subspecies are now recognised as separate species in the genus
695:
653:
213:
2934:
1257:. The northern crested newt then expanded its range north-, east- and westwards when the climate rewarmed.
2896:
2774:
1332:
protected areas, several of which have been designated specifically to protect the northern crested newt.
1220:
1204:
1014:
577:
swells and it has a blue–white flash running along the sides of the tail. Females do not develop a crest.
2714:
1901:
3174:
2874:
2834:
1341:
1292:
1133:
724:
Preferred aquatic breeding sites are stagnant, mid- to large-sized, unshaded water bodies with abundant
196:
2984:
3192:
1038:
3005:
2814:
2804:
2595:
2371:
2236:
2173:
2068:
1913:
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1254:
1219:
of the native northern crested newt. The closest relative of the northern crested newt, according to
1149:
822:
641:
403:
540:
2794:
2784:
2527:
Duff, J.P.; Colvile, K.; Foster, J.; Dumphreys, N. (2011). "Mass mortality of great crested newts (
1288:
1167:
1126:
1104:
661:
594:
550:
434:
418:
371:
66:
944:
Northern crested newt courtship in a pond, with male showing "lean-in" and tail-flapping behaviour
830:
in winter, using mainly subterranean hiding places, where many individuals will often congregate.
2564:
2403:
2139:
2009:
1533:
1321:
1120:
914:
477:
319:
231:
96:
3179:
1396:
676:
3088:
2675:
Council directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora
1238:
with their parent species. Hybrids made up 3–7% of the adult populations in different studies.
3313:
3228:
3161:
2992:
2704:
2629:
2611:
2556:
2548:
2509:
2458:
2395:
2387:
2344:
2299:
2272:
2254:
2201:
2131:
2092:
2084:
1929:
1826:
1735:
1727:
1657:
1597:
1525:
1517:
1336:
1300:
1242:
1192:
1142:
1111:
1026:
953:
898:
334:
3166:
2650:
1688:
newts supports gradual ecological niche expansion towards an incrementally aquatic lifestyle"
1230:
In western France, the northern crested newt's range overlaps with that of the marbled newt (
2619:
2603:
2540:
2499:
2489:
2448:
2438:
2379:
2336:
2262:
2244:
2191:
2181:
2123:
2076:
1999:
1921:
1816:
1806:
1717:
1707:
1589:
1507:
1391:
1348:
855:
491:
379:
3114:
3148:
2294:(Latreille, 1800)". In Gasc J.-P.; Cabela A.; Crnobrnja-Isailovic J.; et al. (eds.).
1272:
for the capture and relocation of northern crested newts from a development site in the UK
992:
their external gills; they can at this stage reach a size of 7 centimetres (2.8 in).
894:
749:
618:
521:
417:
species, populations of the northern crested newt have been declining. The main threat is
345:. After fertilisation, a female lays around 200 eggs, folding them into water plants. The
323:
35:
1462:
877:
The larvae are themselves eaten by various animals such as carnivorous invertebrates and
838:
Northern crested newts feed mainly on invertebrates. During the land phase, prey include
2599:
2375:
2240:
2177:
2072:
1917:
1703:
1682:
Wielstra, B.; McCartney-Melstad, E.; Arntzen, J.W.; Butlin, R.K.; Shaffer, H.B. (2019).
1372:
Arntzen, J.W.; Kuzmin, S.; Jehle, R.; Beebee, T; Tarkhnishvili, D.; et al. (2009).
532:
3044:
3031:
2624:
2583:
2267:
2220:
1925:
1296:
706:
614:
223:
31:
988:, swimming freely in the water column. Just before the transition to land, the larvae
3302:
3109:
2568:
2383:
2080:
2013:
1512:
1485:"Asymmetric viability of reciprocal-cross hybrids between crested and marbled newts (
1382:
1281:
1277:
1212:
993:
965:
725:
626:
586:
486:
446:
414:
358:
350:
338:
315:
250:
163:
86:
81:
2407:
1948:
1537:
1484:
1373:
1207:. In a case study in the Netherlands, genes of the introduced Italian crested newt (
3233:
2997:
2864:
1269:
1235:
902:
789:
741:
590:
495:
470:
422:
383:
2584:"Recent introduction of a chytrid fungus endangers Western Palearctic salamanders"
858:. During the breeding season, they prey on various aquatic invertebrates (such as
52:
17:
3219:
2186:
2161:
1586:
Salamanders of the Old World: The
Salamanders of Europe, Asia and Northern Africa
3127:
3070:
2943:
2928:
2494:
2477:
1712:
1683:
1329:
1246:
886:
878:
871:
867:
757:
733:
399:
632:
In western France, the species co-occurs and sometimes hybridises (see section
1795:
newt hybrid zones assessed with nuclear, mitochondrial and morphological data"
1340:
populations have been moved when threatened by development projects, but such
1303:
through hybridisation with other, introduced crested newt species, the use of
989:
961:
957:
561:, only the Danube crested newt has more (16–17), while the other, more stocky
153:
2919:
2615:
2552:
2513:
2462:
2391:
2348:
2258:
2249:
2205:
2135:
2088:
1933:
1830:
1731:
1521:
956:, where the male attracts a female through specific body movements and waves
3246:
3018:
2607:
2340:
1304:
1216:
839:
827:
714:
710:
622:
558:
143:
113:
2633:
2560:
2427:
recolonized temperate
Eurasia from an extra-Mediterranean glacial refugium"
2399:
2276:
1739:
1529:
960:
to her. The males are territorial and use small patches of clear ground as
2651:"Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats"
2096:
1593:
1557:
Rafinesque, 1815. Amphibian
Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference"
1424:(Laurenti, 1768). Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference"
3213:
2913:
2758:
985:
926:
863:
851:
843:
718:
680:
Large ponds with abundant vegetation are the preferred breeding habitats.
606:
454:
366:
263:
173:
133:
2453:
2196:
2160:
Meilink, W.R.M.; Arntzen, J.W.; van Delft, J.C.W.; Wielstra, B. (2015).
2114:) and its arrest as a consequence of an unusual chromosomal situation".
2004:
1979:
1821:
1483:
Arntzen, J.W.; Jehle, R.; Bardakci, F.; Burke, T.; Wallis, G.P. (2009).
3280:
3259:
3153:
3062:
2971:
2948:
2143:
2041:
2027:
906:
859:
847:
610:
602:
2504:
2443:
2422:
1949:"The terrestrial summer habitat of radio-tracked great crested newts (
1811:
1790:
1722:
905:
from their skin, albeit much less than for example the North
American
3075:
2544:
969:
964:, or courtship arenas. When successful, they guide the female over a
882:
728:
but without fish (which prey on larvae). Typical examples are larger
702:
598:
574:
346:
342:
123:
2890:
2127:
2110:
Horner, H.A.; Macgregor, H.C. (1985). "Normal development in newts (
617:. The eastern extent of the great crested newt's range reaches into
476:
Over 40 scientific names introduced over time are now considered as
3023:
2726:
1464:
Analyse de la nature ou
Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés
1264:
930:
890:
729:
701:
Outside of the breeding season, northern crested newts are mainly
683:
675:
539:
531:
394:
species, the northern crested newt was probably confined to small
3010:
772:
544:
The belly is yellow to orange with black, well-defined blotches.
357:). Both larvae and land-dwelling newts mainly feed on different
330:
311:
2894:
2730:
2298:. Paris: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. pp. 82–83.
1677:
1675:
1673:
913:). The bright yellow or orange underside of crested newts is a
997:
818:
788:
In certain areas of France, the northern crested newt and the
694:
Great crested newts and their conservation in Wales, video by
354:
2319:
Schoorl, J.; Zuiderwijk, A. (1980). "Ecological isolation in
968:
they deposit on the ground, which she then takes up with her
601:; the southern margin runs through central France, southwest
2582:
Martel, A.; Blooi, M.; Adriaensen, C.; et al. (2014).
1980:"Observations on the climbing behaviour of the smooth newt
948:
Northern crested newts, like their relatives in the genus
1245:
was found over most of the species' range, except in the
613:, heading from there into central Russia and through the
425:. The species is listed as a European Protected Species.
502:) female were mistakenly described as distinct species
494:
resulting from the cross of a crested newt male with a
341:
on the ground, which the female then picks up with her
1784:
1782:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
640:). In southeast Europe, its range borders that of the
2669:
2667:
2155:
2153:
1872:
Action plan for the conservation of the crested newt
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
490:
published four years before
Laurenti's species name.
1764:. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from
1467:(in French). Palermo: Jean Barravecchia. p. 78.
3203:
2903:
2857:
2767:
2225:
superspecies) using complete mitogenomic sequences"
333:, in spring. Males court females with a ritualised
2645:
2643:
2221:"Unraveling the rapid radiation of crested newts (
1789:Arntzen, J.W.; Wielstra, B.; Wallis, G.P. (2014).
1478:
1476:
1474:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1276:The northern crested newt is listed as species of
1864:
1862:
1860:
1900:Arntzen, J. W.; Hedlund, Linda (December 1990).
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
2476:Wielstra, B.; Zieliński, P.; Babik, W. (2017).
2421:Wielstra, B.; Babik, W.; Arntzen, J.W. (2015).
1978:Lynn, Vanessa J.; Allain, Steven J. R. (2022).
1344:need to be carefully planned to be successful.
779:Population structure, speciation, and phylogeny
1652:Jehle, R.; Thiesmeier, B.; Foster, J. (2011).
1559:. New York: American Museum of Natural History
1426:. New York: American Museum of Natural History
866:and juveniles of other amphibians such as the
705:-dwellers. They prefer deciduous woodlands or
411:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2742:
1751:
1749:
8:
1684:"Phylogenomics of the adaptive radiation of
1588:. Zeist, The Netherlands: KNNV Publishing.
1397:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T22212A9365894.en
1249:. This suggests that the Carpathians was a
862:, microcrustaceans, and insects), and also
2891:
2749:
2735:
2727:
2296:Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe
1654:The crested newt. A dwindling pond dweller
1450:(in Latin). Holmiae: Salvius. p. 658.
1175:
980:species causes 50% of the embryos to die.
382:with some of its relatives, including the
222:
75:
51:
42:
2623:
2503:
2493:
2482:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2452:
2442:
2431:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2266:
2248:
2195:
2185:
2003:
1820:
1810:
1799:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1721:
1711:
1511:
1395:
3334:Taxa named by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti
2697:Great crested newt mitigation guidelines
1307:, and potentially the pathogenic fungus
1007:Development in the northern crested newt
1656:. Bielefeld, Germany: Laurenti Verlag.
1359:
1316:The northern crested newt is listed in
1187:Position of the northern crested newt (
349:develop over two to four months before
1367:
1365:
1363:
1223:analyses, is the Danube crested newt (
390:). Although today the most widespread
30:"Warty newt" redirects here. See also
2531:) on ground treated with road salt".
1692:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
3286:EC87A921-FF6B-4AC0-89B3-20EF08844E35
3050:4e57dfdd-b61d-48c4-8383-3c727f56aff5
2219:Wielstra, B.; Arntzen, J.W. (2011).
885:and other birds, snakes such as the
3309:IUCN Red List least concern species
1383:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2042:"AmphibiaWeb - Triturus cristatus"
2028:"AmphibiaWeb - Triturus cristatus"
1926:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00625.x
1044:Larva shortly before metamorphosis
25:
1322:EU habitats and species directive
1310:Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans
2848:
2384:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04057.x
1513:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00611.x
1287:The major reason for decline is
1080:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1013:
1001:than in the small-bodied newts.
100:
2653:. Bern: Council of Europe. 1979
1869:Edgar, P.; Bird, D.R. (2006).
636:below) with the marbled newt (
461:introduced the new genus name
433:The northern crested newt was
370:. Its closest relative is the
1:
506:, and the reverse hybrids as
459:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
3329:Amphibians described in 1768
2327:(Amphibia: Salamandridae)".
2187:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.022
2081:10.1016/0041-0101(66)90021-3
927:Triturus § Reproduction
648:), the Danube crested newt (
353:into terrestrial juveniles (
60:Male during breeding season
3324:Fauna of the United Kingdom
2677:(1992L0043). 1 January 2007
1713:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.032
3355:
3339:Habitats Directive species
1961:The Herpetological Journal
1326:European Protected Species
924:
921:Courtship and reproduction
901:. They secrete the poison
449:had already used the name
443:Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti
29:
2846:
2495:10.1093/biolinnean/blx087
1876:species complex in Europe
565:species have 14 or less.
237:
230:
221:
202:
195:
97:Scientific classification
95:
73:
64:
59:
50:
45:
2703:. English Nature. 2001.
2290:Zuiderwijk, A. (2004). "
2250:10.1186/1471-2148-11-162
2229:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1461:Rafinesque C.S. (1815).
1261:Threats and conservation
797:Life cycle and behaviour
764:) and the marbled newt (
2815:Macedonian crested newt
2608:10.1126/science.1258268
2341:10.1163/156853881X00357
2166:Biological Conservation
1992:Herpetological Bulletin
1984:and great crested newt
1584:Sparreboom, M. (2014).
1205:reproductively isolated
1020:Embryo in jelly capsule
696:Natural Resources Wales
654:Macedonian crested newt
421:, for example, through
318:, northern and central
2775:Anatolian crested newt
2116:Journal of Herpetology
1988:in south-east England"
1791:"The modality of nine
1273:
1221:molecular phylogenetic
945:
889:, and mammals such as
762:Ichthyosaura alpestris
698:
681:
545:
537:
378:). It sometimes forms
46:Northern crested newt
3175:Paleobiology Database
2875:Southern marbled newt
2835:Southern crested newt
2825:Northern crested newt
1953:) and marbled newts (
1594:10.1163/9789004285620
1444:Linnaeus, C. (1758).
1268:
943:
726:underwater vegetation
717:, swampy meadows, or
693:
679:
543:
536:Side view of a female
535:
294:northern crested newt
3319:Amphibians of Europe
3045:Fauna Europaea (new)
2805:Italian crested newt
1982:Lissotriton vulgaris
1551:Frost, D.R. (2020).
1418:Frost, D.R. (2020).
1390:: e.T22212A9365894.
1255:Last Glacial Maximum
1056:Terrestrial juvenile
952:, perform a complex
738:Lissotriton vulgaris
721:, can be inhabited.
642:Italian crested newt
404:Last Glacial Maximum
239:Over 40, including:
27:Species of amphibian
2795:Danube crested newt
2785:Balkan crested newt
2600:2014Sci...346..630M
2376:2009MolEc..18..769B
2325:Triturus marmoratus
2292:Triturus marmoratus
2241:2011BMCEE..11..162W
2178:2015BCons.184..145M
2073:1966Txcn....3..195W
2005:10.33256/hb160.2526
1918:1990Ecogr..13..325A
1756:Kuzmin, S. (1999).
1704:2019MolPE.133..120W
1289:habitat destruction
766:Triturus marmoratus
662:Balkan crested newt
638:Triturus marmoratus
621:, running from the
595:Republic of Karelia
551:Danube crested newt
500:Triturus marmoratus
455:genus of sea snails
419:habitat destruction
372:Danube crested newt
67:Conservation status
2962:Triturus-cristatus
2935:Triturus cristatus
2905:Triturus cristatus
2529:Triturus cristatus
2425:Triturus cristatus
2423:"The crested newt
2321:Triturus cristatus
2223:Triturus cristatus
1986:Triturus cristatus
1951:Triturus cristatus
1947:Jehle, R. (2000).
1874:Triturus cristatus
1760:Triturus cristatus
1487:Triturus cristatus
1422:Triturus cristatus
1376:Triturus cristatus
1274:
946:
915:warning coloration
850:and their larvae,
834:Diet and predators
801:Like other newts,
699:
682:
546:
538:
508:Triton trouessarti
482:Lacertus aquatilis
457:ten years before,
320:continental Europe
314:species native to
307:Triturus cristatus
298:great crested newt
279:Triton trouessarti
244:Lacertus aquatilis
206:Triturus cristatus
18:Great Crested Newt
3296:
3295:
3162:Open Tree of Life
2897:Taxon identifiers
2888:
2887:
2594:(6209): 630–631.
2533:Veterinary Record
2444:10.1111/bij.12446
2364:Molecular Ecology
2329:Amphibia-Reptilia
1812:10.1111/bij.12358
1663:978-3-933066-44-2
1301:genetic pollution
1243:genetic variation
1193:phylogenetic tree
996:into terrestrial
954:courtship display
941:
691:
589:through southern
290:
289:
188:T. cristatus
90:
32:Asian warty newts
16:(Redirected from
3346:
3289:
3288:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3250:
3249:
3237:
3236:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3205:Triton cristatus
3196:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3143:
3131:
3130:
3128:NHMSYS0000080156
3118:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3040:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2892:
2852:
2851:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2713:. Archived from
2702:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2545:10.1136/vr.d1521
2524:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2497:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2252:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1881:
1866:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1715:
1679:
1668:
1667:
1649:
1608:
1607:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1515:
1506:(5): 1191–1202.
1497:
1480:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1415:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1369:
1349:flagship species
1318:Berne Convention
1211:) were found to
1179:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1137:
1115:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
942:
856:snails and slugs
692:
439:Triton cristatus
283:
274:
261:
257:Triton cristatus
248:
226:
208:
105:
104:
84:
79:
78:
55:
43:
21:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3253:
3245:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3149:Observation.org
3147:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2789:T. ivanbureschi
2763:
2755:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2128:10.2307/1564180
2109:
2108:
2104:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2021:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1879:
1868:
1867:
1838:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1758:"AmphibiaWeb –
1755:
1754:
1747:
1681:
1680:
1671:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1611:
1604:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1405:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1263:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1134:T. ivanbureschi
1130:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1009:
1008:
931:
929:
923:
836:
799:
786:
781:
750:Carpathian newt
684:
674:
666:T. ivanbureschi
619:Western Siberia
583:
530:
522:species complex
431:
324:Western Siberia
281:
273:de l'Isle, 1862
272:
259:
246:
217:
210:
204:
191:
99:
91:
80:
76:
69:
39:
36:Laos warty newt
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3277:
3264:
3251:
3238:
3225:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3184:
3171:
3158:
3145:
3132:
3119:
3106:
3093:
3080:
3067:
3054:
3041:
3032:Fauna Europaea
3028:
3015:
3002:
2989:
2976:
2966:
2953:
2940:
2925:
2909:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2819:T. macedonicus
2812:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2723:
2720:on 2008-06-20.
2709:
2687:
2663:
2639:
2574:
2519:
2488:(3): 605–613.
2468:
2437:(3): 574–587.
2413:
2370:(5): 769–781.
2354:
2335:(3): 235–252.
2311:
2304:
2282:
2211:
2149:
2102:
2067:(3): 195–203.
2047:
2033:
2019:
1998:(160): 25–26.
1970:
1939:
1912:(4): 325–332.
1892:
1889:on 2016-08-02.
1836:
1805:(2): 604–622.
1778:
1745:
1669:
1662:
1609:
1602:
1569:
1543:
1470:
1453:
1436:
1403:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1342:translocations
1297:global warming
1262:
1259:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1164:
1155:
1150:T. macedonicus
1139:
1117:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
922:
919:
835:
832:
798:
795:
785:
782:
780:
777:
673:
670:
658:T. macedonicus
615:Ural Mountains
582:
579:
529:
526:
465:in 1815, with
430:
427:
351:metamorphosing
337:and deposit a
288:
287:
286:
285:
276:
267:
260:Laurenti, 1768
254:
247:Garsault, 1764
235:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
211:
200:
199:
193:
192:
185:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
93:
92:
74:
71:
70:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3351:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:T. marmoratus
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:Marbled newts
2856:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2799:T. dobrogicus
2796:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:T. anatolicus
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:Crested newts
2766:
2761:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2716:
2712:
2710:1-85716-568-3
2706:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2305:2-85653-574-7
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:T. marmoratus
1952:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1768:on 2016-04-11
1767:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:9789004285620
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1491:T. marmoratus
1488:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1437:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:fragmentation
1290:
1285:
1283:
1282:IUCN Red List
1279:
1278:Least Concern
1271:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:T. marmoratus
1228:
1226:
1225:T. dobrogicus
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1195:of the genus
1194:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1168:T. dobrogicus
1161:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1127:T. anatolicus
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1105:T. marmoratus
1083:
1072:
1064:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1002:
999:
995:
994:Metamorphosis
991:
987:
981:
979:
973:
971:
967:
966:spermatophore
963:
959:
955:
951:
928:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
907:Pacific newts
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
833:
831:
829:
824:
820:
817:The juvenile
815:
811:
807:
804:
796:
794:
791:
784:Hybridization
783:
778:
776:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:L. helveticus
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
697:
678:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:T. dobrogicus
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
627:Kurgan Oblast
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:Great Britain
580:
578:
576:
570:
566:
564:
560:
556:
555:T. dobrogicus
552:
542:
534:
527:
525:
523:
520:
515:
511:
509:
505:
504:Triton blasii
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:
487:nomen oblitum
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:Least Concern
412:
407:
405:
401:
398:areas in the
397:
393:
389:
388:T. marmoratus
385:
381:
377:
376:T. dobrogicus
373:
369:
368:
362:
360:
359:invertebrates
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:spermatophore
336:
332:
327:
325:
322:and parts of
321:
317:
316:Great Britain
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
295:
282:Peracca, 1886
280:
277:
271:
270:Triton blasii
268:
265:
258:
255:
252:
251:nomen oblitum
245:
242:
241:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
220:
215:
209:
207:
201:
198:
197:Binomial name
194:
190:
189:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:Salamandridae
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
94:
88:
83:
82:Least Concern
72:
68:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3204:
2904:
2878:
2868:
2865:Marbled newt
2839:T. karelinii
2838:
2829:T. cristatus
2828:
2824:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2757:
2715:the original
2696:
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2655:. Retrieved
2591:
2587:
2577:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2454:1887/3281583
2434:
2430:
2424:
2416:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2214:
2197:1887/3281024
2169:
2165:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2036:
2022:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1884:the original
1875:
1871:
1822:1887/3281591
1802:
1798:
1792:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1759:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1653:
1585:
1561:. Retrieved
1554:
1546:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1486:
1463:
1456:
1446:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1421:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1346:
1334:
1315:
1308:
1286:
1275:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1189:T. cristatus
1188:
1166:
1159:T. cristatus
1158:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1121:T. karelinii
1119:
1110:
1103:
1062:
982:
977:
974:
949:
947:
910:
903:tetrodotoxin
876:
846:, different
837:
816:
812:
808:
803:T. cristatus
802:
800:
790:marbled newt
787:
770:
765:
761:
754:L. montadoni
753:
745:
742:palmate newt
737:
723:
700:
665:
657:
649:
645:
637:
633:
631:
591:Fennoscandia
584:
571:
567:
562:
554:
547:
519:T. cristatus
518:
514:T. cristatus
513:
512:
507:
503:
499:
496:marbled newt
485:
481:
480:, including
475:
471:type species
467:T. cristatus
466:
462:
450:
445:in 1768. As
438:
432:
423:urban sprawl
413:lists it as
408:
391:
387:
384:marbled newt
375:
365:
363:
328:
306:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
278:
269:
256:
243:
238:
205:
203:
187:
186:
174:
40:
3071:iNaturalist
2944:AmphibiaWeb
2929:Wikispecies
2879:T. pygmaeus
2809:T. carnifex
2539:(10): 282.
2172:: 145–153.
1698:: 120–127.
1330:Natura 2000
1270:Drift fence
1253:during the
1247:Carpathians
1209:T. carnifex
1143:T. carnifex
1112:T. pygmaeus
1032:Young larva
887:grass snake
879:water birds
872:common toad
868:common frog
758:alpine newt
734:smooth newt
646:T. carnifex
528:Description
402:during the
400:Carpathians
3303:Categories
2681:2015-05-31
2657:2015-05-24
2505:1887/72535
2235:(1): 162.
2122:(2): 261.
1967:: 137–143.
1772:2020-05-10
1723:1887/73405
1563:2020-04-22
1430:2020-05-03
1355:References
1213:introgress
958:pheromones
925:See also:
842:and other
840:earthworms
660:) and the
569:blotches.
409:While the
302:warty newt
3220:Q69992754
2616:0036-8075
2569:207041490
2553:0042-4900
2514:0024-4066
2463:0024-4066
2392:0962-1083
2349:0173-5373
2259:1471-2148
2206:0006-3207
2136:0022-1511
2089:0041-0101
2014:249300071
1934:0906-7590
1906:Ecography
1831:0024-4066
1732:1055-7903
1522:0014-3820
1500:Evolution
1337:corridors
1305:road salt
1236:backcross
1217:gene pool
1215:into the
1191:) in the
1073:Evolution
899:hedgehogs
828:hibernate
711:hedgerows
634:Evolution
623:Perm Krai
559:vertebrae
435:described
182:Species:
120:Kingdom:
114:Eukaryota
3314:Triturus
3214:Wikidata
3089:10459189
2969:BioLib:
2914:Wikidata
2759:Triturus
2634:25359973
2561:21498183
2408:24530095
2400:19207255
2277:21672214
2112:Triturus
1793:Triturus
1740:30630099
1686:Triturus
1555:Triturus
1538:12083435
1530:19154385
1251:refugium
1197:Triturus
1063:Triturus
986:nektonic
978:Triturus
950:Triturus
864:tadpoles
860:molluscs
852:woodlice
844:annelids
823:disperse
719:quarries
652:), the
607:Moldavia
563:Triturus
478:synonyms
463:Triturus
447:Linnaeus
429:Taxonomy
396:refugial
392:Triturus
367:Triturus
284:(hybrid)
275:(hybrid)
264:basionym
232:Synonyms
214:Laurenti
175:Triturus
160:Family:
144:Amphibia
134:Chordata
130:Phylum:
124:Animalia
110:Domain:
87:IUCN 3.1
3281:ZooBank
3273:1100645
3260:7474442
3193:1035197
3167:1041796
3063:2431885
3011:1018157
2920:Q138539
2762:species
2625:5769814
2596:Bibcode
2588:Science
2372:Bibcode
2268:3224112
2237:Bibcode
2174:Bibcode
2144:1564180
2097:5938783
2069:Bibcode
2061:Toxicon
2057:Taricha
1914:Bibcode
1700:Bibcode
1324:, as a
1280:on the
1241:Little
1096:crested
1089:marbled
1066:months.
911:Taricha
895:badgers
848:insects
756:), the
748:), the
740:), the
672:Habitat
625:to the
611:Ukraine
603:Romania
593:to the
492:Hybrids
380:hybrids
335:display
310:) is a
216:, 1768)
170:Genus:
154:Urodela
150:Order:
140:Class:
85: (
3180:332948
3102:668401
3037:177858
3024:TTURCR
2707:
2632:
2622:
2614:
2567:
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2012:
1932:
1829:
1738:
1730:
1660:
1600:
1536:
1528:
1520:
990:resorb
970:cloaca
891:shrews
883:herons
854:, and
821:often
707:groves
703:forest
599:Russia
575:cloaca
453:for a
451:Triton
347:larvae
343:cloaca
3247:10839
3242:EUNIS
3234:594SD
3188:WoRMS
3115:22212
3084:IRMNG
3076:27718
2998:595F4
2718:(PDF)
2701:(PDF)
2565:S2CID
2404:S2CID
2140:JSTOR
2010:S2CID
1887:(PDF)
1880:(PDF)
1534:S2CID
1496:(PDF)
1098:newts
1091:newts
730:ponds
715:scrub
581:Range
331:ponds
3268:ITIS
3255:GBIF
3141:8323
3136:NCBI
3110:IUCN
3097:ITIS
3058:GBIF
3019:EPPO
2985:8152
2980:BOLD
2949:4295
2705:ISBN
2630:PMID
2612:ISSN
2557:PMID
2549:ISSN
2510:ISSN
2459:ISSN
2396:PMID
2388:ISSN
2345:ISSN
2323:and
2300:ISBN
2273:PMID
2255:ISSN
2202:ISSN
2132:ISSN
2093:PMID
2085:ISSN
2059:)".
1930:ISSN
1827:ISSN
1736:PMID
1728:ISSN
1658:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1526:PMID
1518:ISSN
1489:and
1388:2009
1131:and
998:efts
962:leks
897:and
819:efts
773:Alps
609:and
484:, a
355:efts
312:newt
292:The
34:and
3229:CoL
3154:447
3123:NBN
3006:EoL
2993:CoL
2972:309
2957:ASW
2620:PMC
2604:doi
2592:346
2541:doi
2537:168
2500:hdl
2490:doi
2486:122
2449:hdl
2439:doi
2435:114
2380:doi
2337:doi
2263:PMC
2245:doi
2192:hdl
2182:doi
2170:184
2124:doi
2077:doi
2000:doi
1996:160
1922:doi
1817:hdl
1807:doi
1803:113
1718:hdl
1708:doi
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1392:doi
1227:).
1146:and
1108:and
870:or
768:).
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437:as
300:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
