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Michigan Land Use
Institute, held public hearings on the new management plan for Whitefish Point on December 3, 2002. Prior to receiving public comment, Lively summarized the plan by explaining that it allowed two new wings for the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, would greatly alter the current parking areas by returning part of it to natural habitat, and would restrict people to trails. The public comments at the hearing were "fairly evenly matched... with the employees and board members of GLSHS supporting the plan and the residents and property owners of Whitefish Township primarily entering the official record in opposition." Reasons for opposition to plan included "increased foot and vehicular traffic, possible habitat loss, septic system monitoring, parking issues, building expansion, new construction, and possible contamination from lead, mercury, and other pollutants."
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filed a lawsuit against the GLSHS and USFWS. The lawsuit accused the GLSHS of overdeveloping the
Whitefish Point Light Station in violation of its federal land patent and the USFWS of not protecting the site. The lawsuit was dismissed in 2001 when the parties arrived at a settlement agreement that appointed a mediator to negotiate the Human Use/Natural Resource Management Plan for Whitefish Point to regulate land use and any development at Whitefish Point. MAS acknowledged the museum's growth was not the sole cause of Whitefish Point's popularity that drew many visitors for sunbathing and ship watching. GLSHS agreed there must be a limit to development at Whitefish Point although it still intended to build museum wings.
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assurances that no changes would be made to the GLSHS museum operation. A group called the
Friends of Whitefish Point organized over their opposition of overdevelopment and private ownership of the light station property. They presented a petition with 1,600 signatures to Stupak that supported the transfer of the entire light station property to USFWS. In 1995, Stupak announced that he hadn't made a final decision, saying, "To tell those people they can no longer run their museum because Fish and Wildlife wants it would be wrong." Stupak maintained that the transfer legislation would not go "before a committee or the house floor with disagreement among the affected parties."
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664:: the Coast Guard constructed three boat houses at Whitefish Point. It is believed that the surfboat house was moved to its present location in the 1950s. GLSHS completed restoration of the boat house in 2001. The building displays a full-size replica Beebe-McClellan 26 feet (7.9 m) surfboat and exhibits on the U.S. Life-Saving Service and U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Station as part of the museum tour for an admission fee.
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603:: the first light tower was built with stone in 1848 and its lens used whale oil to produce a light. The stone tower proved inadequate against Lake Superior's storms. In 1861, the stone tower was replaced with the present steel tower by the order of President Lincoln. Over the years the light had several different lens. The Crouse & Hinds aerobeacon lens installed in 1968 was replaced in 2011 with a
642:: this two-story frame building was originally constructed in 1861 as a dwelling for the lightkeeper and his family. Its interior was later reconstructed as two-family duplex to also house the assistant lightkeeper and his family. It housed Coast Guard personnel until 1970. In 1996, the GLSHS restored the building to its 1920 era condition. It is open to the public with a museum admission fee.
654:: the original location of this two-story frame building was threatened by shore erosion. It was sold to private owners and moved from the Whitefish Point Light Station. The GLSHS bought the building in 1990 and moved it back to a new location. GLSHS moved it again in 1999 to comply with the historic zone created by SHPO. GLSHS started renovation of the building in 2002 using $ 630,280 in
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352:(DNR) obtained a search warrant in 1992 and raided the GLSHS offices and museum and found evidence that GLSHS had "removed about 150 artifacts from wrecks located on state-claimed bottomlands." In 1993, the state reached a settlement agreement with the GLSHS that loaned the artifacts back to them for display in the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum.
707:: The USFWS manages the 33 acres (13 ha) transferred to them from the former Whitefish Point Light Station as part of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge. In conjunction with the WPBO and other conservation groups, the USFWS added 19.85 acres (8.03 ha) acres and more than 1,000 feet (300 m) of Lake Superior shoreline as critical
508:: the GLSHS opened its first museum exhibits to the public in 1985. In 1986, the society secured funds and constructed the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum. The museum is the second largest building at Whitefish Point. The museum features artifacts retrieved from local shipwrecks, including the bell from the SS
374:. Experts at Michigan State University spent hundreds of hours conserving the bell and applying a protective coating. GLSHS's decision to have the protective coating stripped off and the bell shined was controversial. The bell became the centerpiece in the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum as a memorial to the
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and other applicable laws. The statute stipulates that development or expansion at the
Whitefish Point Light requires written consent by the stakeholders, that full consideration is given to public comment, and it is "consistent with preservation of the Property in its predominantly natural, scenic,
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in 1983 that sounded from the light tower. The Coast Guard stopped fog signals from
Whitefish Point in 1995. The GLSHS abandoned their 1996 plans to demolish the fog signal building and started restoration of the exterior of the building in 2002. The GLSHS uses the fog signal building as a ground
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In August 2002, a petition to recall the
Whitefish Township supervisor placed "GLSHS at the center of local controversy". The Township Board of Trustees resolved the controversy on September 5, 2002 by accepting the supervisor's resignation and "disassociating the township from a scheme to convert
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GLSHS filed a lawsuit against the mediator and MAS on
September 24, 2002 claiming breach of contract because SHPO was brought into the planning process at Whitefish Point. GLSHS claimed private property rights and therefore, SHPO had no authority to regulate development on the historic parcel they
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The GLSHS constructed a 5,201 sq ft (483.2 m) gift-shop/office building in 1999 that would become known as the multi-purpose building. The size of the building exceeded the largest historic structure on the site by more than 2,000 sq ft (190 m). In
November 2000, MAS
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The GLSHS was formed by a group of divers in 1978 as a private, nonprofit organization. Its mission is "to promote and augment an understanding and appreciation of maritime history with particular emphasis on the Great Lakes museum facilities." In 1983, the GLSHS obtained a 25-year lease from the
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The legislation that transferred the light station property to the stakeholder required "a reasonable opportunity for public comment on... development or expansion, and full consideration has been given to such public comment". The stakeholders and the court appointed mediator, Jim Lively of the
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In 1992, the stakeholders at the former
Whitefish Point Light Station developed the Whitefish Point Comprehensive Plan. The stakeholders included Whitefish Township, the MAS, DNR, GLSHS, and USCG. The plan was developed with the purpose of discussion of land transfer of the Whitefish Point Light
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with
Michigan's SHPO and was awarded $ 40,000 Michigan Lighthouse Assistance grants in 2008 and 2010 to strip the paint from the 150-year-old tower, conduct lead paint abatement, and prime and repaint the tower. The GLSHS projects completion of light tower painting project in 2011. The Whitefish
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Since 1984, the GLSHS was awarded numerous grants used to restore or renovate historic buildings at Whitefish Point Light Station for the interpretation of Great Lakes maritime, USCG, and US Life-Saving Service history. The museum complex includes both the modern and historic structures, many of
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The Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1996 was enacted that gave the Coast Guard the authority to convey the Whitefish Point Lighthouse property to the stakeholders. The Coast Guard transferred a 8.27 acres (3.35 ha) parcel to the GLSHS for the interpretation of maritime history. The GLSHS
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In 1993, the GLSHS announced their intentions to seek a legislative transfer from the USCG so that they could hold 3 acres (1.2 ha) of the 44 acres (18 ha) of the Whitefish Point Light Station. In 1994, the GLSHS was involved in the removal of trees and the construction of an overflow
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On November 1, 1998, the GLSHS announced their plans for the Great Lakes mariners project as "a carefully planned expansion for the museum's facilities". They planned two new wings for the museum with one wing featuring a theater and 125-seat lecture hall and "multi-purpose building... to house
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After Stupak's earlier support to transfer of all of Whitefish Point Light Station property to GLSHS, he introduced a bill in 1996 that would transfer to the land to the GLSHS, WPBO, and USFWS. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources requested that "the legislation be rewritten to remove
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GLSHS lawsuit was dismissed on December 19, 2002 after all three stakeholders signed the mediated Human Use/Natural Resource Plan that secured SHPO's involvement at Whitefish Point. The new plan replaced the 1992 Comprehensive Plan for Whitefish Point. The GLSHS, MAS, and USFWS comprise the
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authored transfer legislation for the Whitefish Point Light Station that included "a reversionary clause which would stipulate that the property would revert to the Coast Guard if not used appropriately." The USFWS's request to Stupak for the transfer of the light station was made public with
636:: it was built at the Whitefish Point Life-saving Station in 1923 for a 24-hour watch during the shipping season. It was abandoned by the Coast Guard in 1955. The GLSHS moved the lookout tower to its present location and restored it in 1998. It is not open to the public.
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621:: the original fog signal building was destroyed in a storm in 1935. The building was replaced with a brick structure in 1937. It was used to house steam boilers, clock timing apparatus, radio equipment, diesel generators, and equipment to operate 3 large
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The museum complex is situated literally at the end of the road about 11 miles (18 km) north of Paradise in Chippewa County in the northeastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is located at the termination of Whitefish Point Road and the entry of
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Point light was automated in 1971 but remains an active aid to navigation. Because of this, museum visitors are not able to enter the lighthouse itself, although touring the adjoining lightkeeper’s quarters is included in the museum fee.
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Station from the USCG and "proper land usage in terms of existing and future developments... to ensure that, through proper planning, the unique but somewhat fragile environment of the Coast Guard Site is fully protected."
648:: this two-story dwelling was constructed in 1925 for the light station Chief and family. The GLSHS exhibited shipwreck artifacts in the first story of this building from 1985 until it constructed the museum in 1987.
732:. In 2001, USFWS designated all of its Whitefish Point property as critical habitat for the piping plover. In 2009, the piping plover began nesting at Whitefish Point again for the first time in at least two decades.
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habitat to Whitefish Point unit on August 30, 2012. The land of the Whitefish Point Unit is "Wooded Dune and Swell Complex" that is distinctive to the Great Lakes region. It supports a diversity of species, including
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584:: this is the largest building at Whitefish Point, constructed in 1999 by the GLSHS. The main level is used as a GLSHS gift shop, the lower level has public restrooms, and the upper level is used for GLSHS offices.
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In 1996, GLSHS published their plans "to secure approval for controlled new construction at Whitefish Point... include expansion of the Shipwreck Museum and a new building for the Shipwreck Coast Gift Shop."
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An active navigational light has operated at Whitefish Point since 1848. The United States Coast Guard (USCG) stationed personnel at Whitefish Point until 1971 when the navigational equipment was automated.
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parcel included all but one of the historic structures at Whitefish Point. The WPBO received 2.69 acres (1.09 ha) for research. The USFWS received 33 acres (13 ha) to be managed as part of the
1624: (W.D. Mi 2002) ("... the NHPA does not provide authority to SHPO to become involved in the design of construction of the museum wings, or any other development, on the GLSHS property."),
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682:: an 1861 steel lamp oil house and a 1910 alcohol house have remained on the site since they were constructed. They were used to store fuel sources for the light before it was electrified in 1931.
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In 1992, the state of Michigan filed a lawsuit against the GLSHS for removal of artifacts from shipwrecks on the Great Lakes bottomlands in violation of Michigan's Antiquities Act of 1980. The
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1552: (W.D. MI 2001) ("...the structure and use of the proposed museum wings will not impair or interfere with the conservation values as provided in the Transfer Statutes..."),
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676:: the Coast Guard constructed a 3-car garage in 1940 that has remained in the same location. The WPBO uses the building as a bird banding lab, and a base for educational tours.
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In 1990, the GLSHS signed an agreement with Whitefish Township that gave residents and visitors public access to Lake Superior, parking, and the restrooms at Whitefish Point.
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670:: the Coast Guard constructed this building for firewood storage. GLSHS used it as a gift shop until 2006 when a new, larger building was constructed to house the shop.
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Whitefish Point Joint Committee that governs Whitefish Point through the Management Plan with USFWS having final oversight as stipulated in the transfer legislation.
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The MAS secured a license from the Coast Guard in 1976 for access to the Whitefish Point Light Station property for the study of migrating birds. In 1978, the
277:(USFWS) in 1996. The three entities share governance of the site. The museum is operated by the GLSHS. The museum exhibits artifacts from shipwrecks from the
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728:, and a variety of trees. Whitefish Point is on a world migratory flyway. The data collected by the WPBO led to establishing Whitefish Point as a
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337:(USCG) to operate a museum at the Whitefish Point Light Station. The GLSHS began obtaining public funds in 1984 from federal and state agencies.
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512:. The museum displays artifacts loaned from the state of Michigan from the following wrecks in the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve: the
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In 1995, the MAS and WPBO took a public stand calling for the transfer of the entire Whitefish Point Light Station to the USFWS. U.S. Rep.
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Colored areas are added to 1947 photograph to indicate changes to the site since 1983 - red denotes proposed museum wings.
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parking lot. This led to a public meeting that discussed concerns about overdevelopment of the former light station.
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Whitefish Point is a popular spot for ship watchers, bird watchers and rock collectors. Important features include:
439:. The stakeholders were issued land patents in 1998 and again in 2000 to correct an error in the original patents.
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crewmembers and all lost mariners. The GLSHS was involved in controversy again when it announced plans to take the
269:. The light station property was transferred to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society (GLSHS), the Michigan
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258:
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Michigan Audubon Society v. Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society and United States Fish and Wildlife Service
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1,300 feet (400 m) of wilderness Lake Superior lakeshore into a Shipwreck Museum cruise ship landing."
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was successful in its bid to place the Whitefish Point light, the oldest active light on Lake Superior, on
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1976:"WPBO: Documenting the distribution and abundance of birds in the Great Lake region – Paradise, MI"
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1454:"Great Lakes Shipwreck Society to build mariners memorial project with U.P. Engineers & Architects"
1997:
329:(WPBO) was formed as an affiliate of the MAS and began monitoring migrating birds at Whitefish Point.
2252:(1/2). Sault Ste. Marie, MI: Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society, Inc. 2009–2010. Archived from
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The transfer legislation requires that each recipient maintain their parcel in accordance with the
2085:"Funding awarded for phase II of Whitefish Point light tower restoration; tower climb available".
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288:. Admission to the museum includes a tour of historic buildings with displays that interpret the
254:
398:
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On March 31, 1995, the GLSHS announced their intention to build "a new museum wing dedicated to
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2222:
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Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical v. Michigan Land Use Institute and Michigan Audubon Society
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370:
On July 4, 1995, the GLSHS participated in the salvage of the bell from the wreck of the SS
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427:(SHPO) objected to Stupak's bill that allowed "'unchecked development' in violation of the
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270:
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216:
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1930:
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bell on a touring exhibition. GLSHS dropped its effort after family members of the
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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horns until 1982. The Coast Guard replaced the diaphone horns with an electronic
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825:
2802:
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Events leading to Human Use/Natural Resource Management Plan for Whitefish Point
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2093:(3/4). Sault Ste. Maire, MI: Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society: 2. 2010.
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1116:"Point of contention: Whitefish Point's tranquil appearance masks struggle"
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operates as a non-profit, affiliate education and research facility of the
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authorization to expand the gift shop and other facilities." The Michigan
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1929:. National transportation enhancements clearinghouse. 2000. Archived from
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626:
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611:
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266:
2142:
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1567:"Great Lakes Shipwreck Society at center of township supervisor recall"
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Poulson, David (1996-01-03). "Restored bell gets controversial shine".
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federal grant funds. The building is not open to the general public.
607:(LED) lantern with a reduced range of 15 nautical miles (28 km).
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restrooms, inventory, larger sales area, and administrative offices."
2757:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
2101:"Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society, Inc organization overview"
1360:"Land deal: Stupak says Point property to be split up among agencies"
655:
3011:
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
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1503:"Birdwaters, shipwreck buffs seek deal in fight over revered site"
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Aerial view of the Whitefish Point Light Station on July 21, 1947.
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National Register of Historic Places in Chippewa County, Michigan
2103:. National Center for Charitable Statistics. 2011. Archived from
2001:
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2161:"Human use/natural resource management plan for Whitefish Point"
2063:"Seney National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan"
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1884:"Lake Superior light list, corrected through LMN week: 52/2010"
596:
Whitefish Point light tower in 2007 before start of restoration
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1739:
1509:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 2002-04-07. p. 5A. Archived from
1460:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 1998-11-01. p. B1. Archived from
1413:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 1999-08-08. p. A1. Archived from
1366:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 1995-11-10. p. A1. Archived from
1184:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 1995-05-14. p. A1. Archived from
1151:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 1994-12-02. p. A1. Archived from
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U.S. Courts: public access to court electronic records Text
1554:
U.S. Courts: public access to court electronic records Text
1174:"Lighthouse flies into 1995 with new wing: Whitefish Point
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EUP Regional Planning & Development Commission (1992).
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which may be toured with the purchase of museum admission.
1827:"Michigan lighthouse assistance program 2011 grant manual"
2221:. New York & London: Michigan Bloomsbury Publishing.
1853:. Michigan State Housing Development Authority/SHPO. 2010
1832:. Michigan State Housing Development Authority/SHPO. 2010
1448:
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1238:"30th anniversary, "The legend lives on ...": diving the
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crew objected to using the bell as a "traveling trophy."
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1807:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Coast Guard
2294:
Whitefish Point Unit of Seney National Wildlife Refuge
1801:"2011 Archives Imn09232011.pdf – Imn09332011.pdf"
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1109:
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704:
Whitefish Point Unit of Seney National Wildlife Refuge
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service sign at Whitefish Point
1407:"Efforts to secure surplus lighthouses nears reality"
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108:
80:
2955:
Oceana County Historical & Genealogical Society
2737:
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2690:
2649:
2382:
2359:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
2336:
1666:"Plan for Whitefish Point sparks heated discussion"
1391:"State, Audubon balk at Whitefish Point giveaway".
861:
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235:
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209:
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2000:. Whitefish Point Bird Observatory. Archived from
1975:
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1724:
1325:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. A4. Archived from
1122:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. C4. Archived from
1040:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. A1. Archived from
2390:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
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1909:
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1615:
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1529:
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847:
845:
843:
116:Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum (the United States)
2782:National Register of Historic Places portal
1497:
1495:
1078:Whitefish Point Comprehensive Plan October 1992
1889:. United States Coast Guard. 2010. p. 137
1851:"Recent Michigan lighthouse assistance grants"
1692:"Agreement brings end to Whitefish Point feud"
1640:"Hearings set on awaited Whitefish Point plan"
1593:"Whitefish Trustees defuse shipwreck disputes"
974:"Whitefish Point Lighthouse National Register"
932:
930:
928:
501:on display at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum
2818:
2314:
2166:. Michigan Land Use Institute. Archived from
1573:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. 2002-08-23. p. 1
1386:
1384:
949:GLSHS tax exempt organization overview (2011)
777:List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships
630:maintenance facility not open to the public.
8:
2122:"Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum program areas"
1319:"Shipwreck society opens development office"
2036:"Piping Plovers nesting again at the point"
1060:
1058:
646:Assistant U.S. Coast Guard Chief's Quarters
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2811:
2803:
2321:
2307:
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1145:"Shipwreck society to face public charges"
610:The GLSHS renewed a historic preservation
582:Gift Shop Building/Administrative Building
444:National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
55:
2330:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2239:"Shipwreck Journal Fall/Winter 2009/2010"
920:
851:
35:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3006:History of the United States Coast Guard
2858:The Canton Historical Society and Museum
2038:. Whitefish Point Bird Observatory. 2009
1978:. Whitefish Point Bird Observatory. 2011
1395:. Charlevoix, MI. 1996-02-28. p. 3.
772:Shipwrecks of the 1913 Great Lakes storm
350:Michigan Department of Natural Resources
2070:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1745:Shipwreck Journal (2009/2010), pp. 6-7.
788:
275:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
2915:Leelanau Historical Society and Museum
1304:
1292:
1275:
1264:
1205:
1018:
797:"National Register Information System"
18:
2907:Lake Odessa Area Historical Society (
2192:Fitzgerald's storm: the wreck of the
2143:"Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum campus"
2022:
1757:"The steam barges of Whitefish Point"
1730:
948:
88:Location within the state of Michigan
7:
3021:Museums in Chippewa County, Michigan
2289:Artifact Recovery from Superior City
1032:"Shipwreck artifact dispute simmers"
866:Walsh-Sarnecki, Peggy (2005-11-10).
802:National Register of Historic Places
320:National Register of Historic Places
61:Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum complex
1998:"Whitefish Point Land Preservation"
1996:Janisch, Tony (September 7, 2012).
281:and the bell from the wreck of the
279:Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve
2745:National Historic Preservation Act
1962:
1950:
1913:
1870:
1787:
1715:
1535:
1486:
1437:
1346:
1094:
1001:
960:
936:
908:
896:
447:historic, and forested condition"
429:National Historic Preservation Act
425:State Historic Preservation Office
14:
2898:Keweenaw National Historical Park
1698:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. 1
1672:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. 1
1646:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. 1
1599:. Sault Ste. Marie, MI. p. 1
872:still haunts Great Lakes sailors"
3026:Historical societies in Michigan
2878:Great Lakes Lore Maritime Museum
2787:
2786:
2775:
1247:. Diver Magazine. Archived from
1064:
737:Whitefish Point Bird Observatory
327:Whitefish Point Bird Observatory
107:
100:
79:
72:
3041:1985 establishments in Michigan
2975:Tecumseh Area Historical Museum
2935:Mason County Historical Society
1236:Nuytten, Phil (December 2005).
1019:Schumacher (2005), pp. 158-159.
253:11 miles (18 km) north of
2698:Federated States of Micronesia
2344:Architectural style categories
2284:Museum slide show presentation
1114:Britton, Angela (1995-03-31).
437:Seney National Wildlife Refuge
211:
1:
341:Pre-transfer from Coast Guard
251:Whitefish Point Light Station
119:Show map of the United States
3016:Maritime museums in Michigan
2980:Ypsilanti Historical Society
2888:Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum
2279:Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum
2214:Schumacher, Michael (2005).
730:Globally Important Bird Area
309:Whitefish Point stakeholders
247:Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum
44:Michigan State Historic Site
27:Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum
16:United States historic place
3046:Museums established in 1985
1755:Underhill, Robert and Jan.
1690:Brand, Scott (2002-12-05).
1664:Brand, Scott (2002-12-04).
1638:Storey, Jack (2002-11-21).
1591:Storey, Jack (2002-09-06).
1030:Storey, Jack (1992-12-04).
3062:
3036:Museums of the Great Lakes
2848:Byron Area Historic Museum
2750:Historic Preservation Fund
2729:American Legation, Morocco
2197:. USA: Thunder Bay Press.
1927:"National TE project list"
1763:(13). Curt and Linda Bowen
921:GLSHS program areas (2011)
852:GLSHS museum campus (2010)
820:State of Michigan (2009).
2925:Marquette Maritime Museum
2868:Detroit Historical Museum
2843:
2770:
2691:Lists by associated state
2061:Casselman, Tracy (2009).
768:Great Lakes Storm of 1913
680:Other historic structures
394:Transfer from Coast Guard
335:United States Coast Guard
294:United States Coast Guard
210:NRHP reference
189:8.27 acres (3.35 ha)
66:
54:
50:
41:
32:
25:
21:
2945:Michigan Maritime Museum
2672:Northern Mariana Islands
1805:Local Notice to Mariners
1317:Ley, Sean (1996-02-04).
1065:MacInnis (1998), p. 101.
742:Michigan Audubon Society
468:held by federal patent.
202:Architectural style
1761:Advanced Diver Magazine
822:"Whitefish Point Light"
2667:Minor Outlying Islands
2650:Lists by insular areas
2364:Keeper of the Register
2124:. 2010. Archived from
1274:Cite journal requires
980:. 2011. Archived from
695:
668:Frame storage building
640:Lightkeeper's quarters
597:
502:
411:
403:
298:US Life-Saving Service
2369:National Park Service
2349:Contributing property
978:National Park Service
807:National Park Service
693:
595:
497:The bell from the SS
496:
409:
401:
170:46.77056°N 84.95667°W
133:Whitefish Point Light
2965:Swift Lathers Museum
2837:historical societies
2724:District of Columbia
2159:Lively, Jim (2002).
605:light-emitting diode
236:Designated MSHS
205:Iron pile lighthouse
143:Shelldrake, Michigan
91:Show map of Michigan
2004:on January 13, 2013
1393:The Northwoods Call
744:at Whitefish Point.
619:Fog signal building
588:Historic structures
175:46.77056; -84.95667
166: /
2892:Whitefish Township
758:on Lake Superior.
696:
598:
503:
412:
404:
316:Whitefish Township
249:is located at the
2993:
2992:
2800:
2799:
2354:Historic district
2246:Shipwreck Journal
2194:Edmund Fitzgerald
2087:Shipwreck Journal
1305:Schumacher (2005)
1293:Schumacher (2005)
1240:Edmund Fitzgerald
1223:Kalamazoo Gazette
1206:Schumacher (2005)
1176:Edmund Fitzgerald
870:Edmund Fitzgerald
510:Edmund Fitzgerald
499:Edmund Fitzgerald
489:Modern structures
372:Edmund Fitzgerald
285:Edmund Fitzgerald
243:
242:
239:February 22, 1974
231:February 28, 1973
223:Significant dates
3053:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2790:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2703:Marshall Islands
2323:
2316:
2309:
2300:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2243:
2233:
2232:
2209:
2208:
2188:MacInnis, Joseph
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2095:
2094:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2067:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2023:Casselman (2009)
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1731:Casselman (2009)
1728:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1696:The Evening News
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1670:The Evening News
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1644:The Evening News
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1597:The Evening News
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:The Evening News
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1507:The Evening News
1499:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1458:The Evening News
1450:
1441:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1411:The Evening News
1403:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1364:The Evening News
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1323:The Evening News
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1182:The Evening News
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1149:The Evening News
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1120:The Evening News
1111:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1080:. Frank Gerlak,
1073:
1067:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1037:The Evening News
1027:
1021:
1016:
1005:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
923:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
863:
854:
849:
838:
837:
835:
833:
824:. Archived from
817:
811:
810:
793:
213:
181:
180:
178:
177:
176:
171:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
120:
111:
110:
104:
92:
83:
82:
76:
59:
19:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3050:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2969:Golden Township
2839:
2831:
2801:
2796:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2733:
2712:
2686:
2645:
2378:
2332:
2327:
2275:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2186:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1273:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1008:
1000:
996:
987:
985:
972:
971:
967:
959:
955:
947:
943:
935:
926:
919:
915:
907:
903:
895:
891:
882:
880:
865:
864:
857:
850:
841:
831:
829:
828:on May 11, 2012
819:
818:
814:
809:. July 9, 2010.
795:
794:
790:
785:
764:
751:
688:
590:
491:
482:
453:
396:
343:
311:
306:
273:(MAS), and the
271:Audubon Society
259:Chippewa County
174:
172:
168:
165:
160:
157:
155:
153:
152:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
62:
46:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2942:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2682:Virgin Islands
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:American Samoa
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:South Carolina
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:North Carolina
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2383:Lists by state
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2374:Property types
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2273:External links
2271:
2270:
2269:
2234:
2227:
2210:
2203:
2183:
2155:
2138:
2117:
2096:
2081:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2027:
2015:
1988:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1918:
1899:
1875:
1863:
1842:
1818:
1792:
1773:
1747:
1735:
1720:
1708:
1682:
1656:
1630:
1609:
1583:
1558:
1540:
1523:
1491:
1474:
1442:
1427:
1398:
1380:
1351:
1339:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1276:|journal=
1228:
1210:
1208:, pp. 172–173.
1198:
1165:
1136:
1099:
1087:
1068:
1054:
1022:
1006:
994:
965:
953:
941:
924:
913:
901:
889:
855:
839:
812:
787:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
774:
763:
760:
750:
747:
746:
745:
733:
687:
686:Other features
684:
674:Chief's garage
662:Surfboat house
652:Crews quarters
589:
586:
555:John M. Osborn
490:
487:
481:
480:Museum complex
478:
452:
449:
395:
392:
367:memorabilia."
342:
339:
310:
307:
305:
302:
241:
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52:
51:
48:
47:
42:
39:
38:
33:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3058:
3047:
3044:
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3039:
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3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
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2926:
2923:
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2910:
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2879:
2876:
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2793:
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2769:
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2760:
2758:
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2751:
2748:
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2746:
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2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:West Virginia
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:New Hampshire
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Massachusetts
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2259:on 2011-07-16
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2228:1-58234-647-X
2224:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2206:
2204:1-882376-53-6
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2173:on 2011-07-19
2169:
2162:
2156:
2144:
2139:
2128:on 2011-07-08
2127:
2123:
2118:
2107:on 2011-07-25
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:Lively (2002)
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:Lively (2002)
1947:
1944:
1933:on 2006-10-03
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1914:Lively (2002)
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:Lively (2002)
1867:
1864:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:Lively (2002)
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:Lively (2002)
1712:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1584:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1536:Lively (2002)
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1513:on 2011-07-19
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:Lively (2002)
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1464:on 2011-07-19
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:Lively (2002)
1434:
1432:
1428:
1417:on 2011-07-19
1416:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
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1370:on 2011-07-19
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1347:Lively (2002)
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1329:on 2011-07-19
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1097:, pp. 10, 78.
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1095:Lively (2002)
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2887:
2852:Byron Center
2596:South Dakota
2586:Rhode Island
2581:Pennsylvania
2561:North Dakota
2261:. Retrieved
2254:the original
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2030:
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1991:
1980:. Retrieved
1970:
1958:
1953:, p. 52, 58.
1946:
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1931:the original
1921:
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1845:
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1711:
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1419:. Retrieved
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1322:
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1267:cite journal
1256:. Retrieved
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875:
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830:. Retrieved
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815:
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726:Labrador-tea
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331:
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246:
244:
139:Nearest city
2949:South Haven
2909:Lake Odessa
2882:Rogers City
2717:Other areas
2677:Puerto Rico
2511:Mississippi
2426:Connecticut
1873:, pp. 9-10.
1811:February 7,
1178:dedication"
911:, pp. 4, 5.
899:, pp. 3, 4.
601:Light tower
416:Bart Stupak
290:Great Lakes
173: /
149:Coordinates
3000:Categories
2626:Washington
2546:New Mexico
2541:New Jersey
2416:California
2263:2011-01-23
2177:2011-01-20
2149:2011-01-21
2132:2010-12-14
2111:2011-01-20
2075:2011-01-30
2054:References
2042:2011-01-30
2025:, pp. 6-7.
2008:October 1,
1982:2011-11-11
1937:2011-01-23
1893:2011-01-23
1857:2011-01-21
1836:2011-01-21
1767:2011-01-23
1702:2011-01-28
1676:2011-01-28
1650:2011-01-28
1603:2011-01-28
1577:2011-01-28
1517:2011-01-26
1468:2011-01-25
1421:2011-01-23
1374:2011-01-23
1333:2011-01-24
1307:, p. 172.
1258:2011-01-24
1192:2011-01-24
1159:2011-01-27
1130:2011-01-23
1048:2010-08-07
988:2011-01-22
883:2011-01-27
722:bunchberry
718:starflower
384:Fitzgerald
380:Fitzgerald
376:Fitzgerald
365:Fitzgerald
292:maritime,
263:U.S. state
161:84°57′24″W
158:46°46′14″N
2984:Ypsilanti
2939:Ludington
2929:Marquette
2636:Wisconsin
2601:Tennessee
2506:Minnesota
2481:Louisiana
1295:, p. 167.
877:USA Today
322:in 1973.
300:history.
2834:Michigan
2792:Category
2621:Virginia
2571:Oklahoma
2551:New York
2526:Nebraska
2516:Missouri
2501:Michigan
2491:Maryland
2476:Kentucky
2456:Illinois
2431:Delaware
2421:Colorado
2411:Arkansas
2190:(1998).
1916:, p. 21.
1790:, p. 20.
1538:, p. 13.
1489:, p. 52.
1349:, P. 37.
1004:, pp. 9.
832:June 26,
762:See also
749:Location
627:fog horn
623:diaphone
612:easement
561:Sagamore
267:Michigan
255:Paradise
217:73000947
129:Location
2902:Calumet
2872:Detroit
2738:Related
2641:Wyoming
2616:Vermont
2521:Montana
2461:Indiana
2441:Georgia
2436:Florida
2406:Arizona
2396:Alabama
2216:Mighty
1965:, p. 4.
1733:, p. 7.
963:, p. 7.
939:, p. 5.
572:, and
550:Niagara
304:History
261:in the
2919:Leland
2862:Canton
2576:Oregon
2531:Nevada
2471:Kansas
2446:Hawaii
2401:Alaska
2337:Topics
2225:
2201:
2145:. 2010
656:TEA-21
575:Vienna
539:Miztec
506:Museum
296:, and
2708:Palau
2606:Texas
2486:Maine
2451:Idaho
2257:(PDF)
2242:(PDF)
2171:(PDF)
2164:(PDF)
2066:(PDF)
1887:(PDF)
1830:(PDF)
1252:(PDF)
1245:(PDF)
783:Notes
545:Myron
527:Drake
515:Comet
194:Built
2959:Hart
2662:Guam
2611:Utah
2566:Ohio
2466:Iowa
2223:ISBN
2218:Fitz
2199:ISBN
2010:2012
1813:2012
1280:help
1082:AICP
834:2010
770:and
245:The
197:1985
186:Area
431:."
283:SS
265:of
257:in
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