Great Palm Island - Knowledge

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Queensland governments since 1918. However the community also had a role to play in improving the future for young people, which should include fostering relationships with both non-profit and commercial organisations, outside of the government sector. For its part, the government needed to "facilitate major structural reform by providing adequate resources, removing impediments, altering governmental and bureaucratic attitudes, providing coordinated and flexible services, and helping to create an environment that encourages personal empowerment and private investment in the community". Four key areas of focus were land, governance, economic development and justice. The report said that conditions at Palm Island resembled those of a

1752:, a community planning document developed by the community, identified a number of priorities for action to improve the physical, social and emotional well-being of Islanders, especially young people (who comprised 63% of the population at that time). Unfortunately the project did not gain full support from other departments and had objectives and timeframes which were in retrospect seen as over-ambitious; the project failed to secure enough funding to support its plans, and in February 2000 Queensland Health withdrew from the project. 2135:. Having moved on from a dispute between the State Government and the Palm Island Council over who should run the facility, the situation has become very positive and cooperative, the centre is used for its intended purpose of youth and community engagement through sport and education. Adults and youth use the facility heavily, including a gym for boxing training, facilities for; women's aerobics, ballroom dancing, Indoor Volleyball, 5 on 5 Indoor Soccer, Old-time Dancing, and a mix of conventional and traditional games. 4775: 6799: 4828: 1489: 1298: 4767: 58: 2142:. The centre is mostly staffed by community members who teach the younger generation both traditional and life skills such as weaving and cooking in a safe and comfortable environment. The centre has an atmosphere of respect and traditional culture which tries to build children's confidence and self-esteem. Additionally to the sporting activities, the centre hosts community growth projects, services and facilities such as a radio service ( 1889:, were based on reported incidents. The Palm Island figures demonstrated that 86% of violence involved the offender exhibiting heavy drinking patterns and in most cases the victim was also drinking. 38% of incidents involved people who were married or in a de facto relationship, and, of those, 90% of the offenders were male. At the time, alcohol was limited to beer sold in the canteen between the hours of 5 pm and 9 pm, and 1512:), and some families on the island. However other Islanders were suspicious of these moves as an opportunity for the more powerful families to gain more power through land ownership or even worse a way of taking land off the Palm Islanders, who in desperation may sell to the highest bidding developer even if that bid significantly undervalues the land in question. Professor 1236: 2278:

overcrowded housing. These problems can result in high rates of absenteeism, low self-esteem and little concentration on education. Alternatively, school can be a haven from these external problems; there are many dedicated educators and concerned parents interested in contributing to an effective, viable and culturally appropriate education system on Palm.

4833: 1904:,) social, economic, housing and educational factors, and an "alcohol culture" that perceived not drinking to be antisocial. Further contributing factors were the employment circumstances of Palm Island and the destruction of society and traditional culture and structures. He cited research rejecting an Aboriginal propensity for violence and contrasted the 554: 943:(known as Cameron Doomadgee while alive), aged 36, died in November 2004 in a police cell on Palm Island, one hour after being picked up for allegedly causing a public nuisance. The family of the deceased were informed by the Coroner that the death was the result of "an intra-abdominal haemorrhage caused by a ruptured liver and portal vein". 1290: 1367:(feral horses) on the island, considered to be owned by the community. In 2003 there were reports of horses having been tortured and beaten by local teenagers. The problem of the feral animals had been brought to the attention of the Palm Island authorities as well as the Queensland Government, but to no avail. An 729:

harsh conditions imposed by Bartlam, low or no wages, as well as poor housing and rations. Bartlam was forced to flee to his office and call for reinforcements. Armed Police arrived by RAAF launch from Townsville, and the "ringleaders" and their families were deported in chains to other Aboriginal settlements.

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system. Under the program, the Palm Island community is encouraged to devise their own systems for dealing with offenders. In the three years after the Community Justice Group was established, Palm Island juveniles appearing before magistrates courts fell by a third. Police and the courts often refer

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By September 1943 the majority of the facilities were finished, and large numbers of operational and maintenance personnel began to arrive to commission the station. The Palm Island US Naval Air Station was fully operational from 25 October 1943, and could repair an average of four aircraft per day.

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on 20 June 1914, although at the time there were few Aboriginal people living on Great Palm. After the cyclone, the residents of Hull River were relocated to Palm Island, with the new population from various Aboriginal peoples – from at least 57 different language groups throughout Queensland and the

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However educational outcomes are adversely affected by problems faced in home life, particularly; being exposed to serious alcohol and other substance abuse, family violence, exposure to suicides and attempted suicides, balancing cultural and educational demands, living with poverty, child abuse and

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rights to Aboriginal people who qualified for these, but also streamlined the administration and development of Aboriginal reserves. The Director of Native Affairs Office was superseded by the Aboriginal and Island Affairs Department on 28 April 1966. The functions were transferred to the Aboriginal

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ran a prison cell visitors program, a support service, and a children's night patrol. In 2000, the Palm Island Council used a state government grant to establish a community-run reorientation program for youths to help reduce youth crime and suicide, by relocating wayward youths to a new youth and

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Cost of living is relatively very high on Palm Island due to the remoteness of island living and the general lack of private enterprise. In 2007 a loaf of bread cost about twice the average cost in the rest of Australia. The 2000 Dillon Report found that the cost of living issue was exacerbated by

1209:. Under the zoning authority of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), the ocean on the western side of the island is in a Habitat Protection zone. The rest of the island is surrounded by a Conservation zone. These zones exist to protect the park from excess extraction and fishing. 565:

was built to dictate the running of the mission. The bell would ring each morning at eight, a signal for everyone to line up for parade in the mission square. Those who failed to line up had their food allocation cut. At nine each evening the bell would ring again, signalling the shutting down of

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As of March 2020, the restrictions applying to the Shire allow each person to bring no more than 11.25 litres (2.47 imp gal; 2.97 US gal) of any liquor with a concentration of less than 4 per cent alcohol. As the barge company and most airlines to the islands do not permit any

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brought international attention to Palm Island when it named the island "the most violent place on earth outside a combat zone". To support this claim it stated statistics such as a murder rate 15 times higher than that of the entire state of Queensland, a life expectancy of 40 years, the highest

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All Islanders were required to work 30 hours each week, and up until the 1960s no wages were paid for this work. The catalyst for the strike was the attempted deportation of Indigenous inmate Albie Geia who committed the offence of disobeying the European overseer. The strike was also against the

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As of March 2020, the CJG "provides a platform for the Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council and other relevant agencies to consult on law and order matters...to ensure that justice-related issues impacting on the Palm Island community are addressed collectively with a focus on the development of

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contributed by Queensland Government. Until now, locals have spent millions in shopping in Townsville, and it is hoped to channel some of this into the Island, and create local jobs and opportunities for business ownership. With an incoming flow of money to the island in the form of compensation

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needed to jointly act to change living standards on the Island. It acknowledged that the problems facing the Palm Island community were not the making of the Palm Island residents, but resulted from unresolved trauma of dislocation, long-term under-funding and poor decision-making of successive

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erupted. The local courthouse, police station and police barracks were burned down and 18 local police and their families were forced to withdraw and barricade themselves in the hospital. Later the same day approximately 80 police from Townsville and Cairns were flown to Palm to restore order.

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claimed that up to 30 people live in each house, without sufficient drinking water. The figures were strongly disputed at the time by the Queensland Government, the Police Commissioner and the Palm Island Community Council. However, it was conceded by the Queensland Aboriginal Policy Minister,

1763:. Key themes were "improved outcomes for young people; self-esteem and community pride; training and employment; health and safety; and economic development". As part of this project, a youth and community centre was built, two technology centres were established at local schools, a course in 1408:

There are no formal names for the settled areas of the island. The main town area on the west coast, next to the jetty where the ferries dock, has no formal name, and is still called "the Mission" by some of the locals. The main town has the government centre, schools, shops, a football club,

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The Bwgcolman Community School has 350 students with 50 Indigenous and 27 non-Indigenous staff. The Community School opened on 1 January 1964. Palm Island, like most Aboriginal communities, has difficulties with school attendance, the Principal of St. Michael's has stated that

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established the Palm Island Select Committee to investigate issues leading to the riot and other problems. Their report was tabled on 25 August 2005, detailing 65 recommendations which seek to reduce violence and overcrowding, and improve standards of education and health. In achieving these

1549:, with few jobs and a shortage of housing. The community created by this history has been beset by many problems and has often been the discussion point of political and social commentators. Since its creation as an Aboriginal reserve, Palm Island has been considered synonymous with 1010:

examined police relations in Queensland and as part of this, conducted an inquiry into police handling of the Mulrunji investigation. In 2010 it reported that more work was needed on police relations, while noting that some improvement had occurred, recommending 51 specific actions.

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followed. Those involved in the shooting of the Superintendent, including the Deputy Superintendent and the Palm Island Medical Officer, were charged with murder, but the Crown Prosecutor was directed by the trial judge to drop the charges, stating that the shooting was justified.

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in 2007 concluded that Palm Island has most of the resources it needs to be largely self-sufficient through housing, agriculture and tourism. However it has long been thought that the tourism potential of the island is hindered by the negative reputation that Palm Island has had.

1216:. The designation of the seven varies; for example, the seventh of the seven is called Great Palm Reef (No 7), 18-054G, Great Palm Reef G, and Reef 18054G. As designated by the GBRMPA, Great Palm Island has the number 18-054, and the seven reefs are a, b, c, d, e, f, and g. 1371:

representative said that they needed to involve the children in helping to solve the problem. Since then, the Shire Council and the RSPCA have acted to care for the horses and educate residents, and children are now engaged in helping to round up troublesome animals.

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visited the island, apparently to check on the activities of Japanese pearling crews in the area, and reported the existence of a small camp of Aboriginal people. In 1916 he found that Palm "suitable for use as a penitentiary" for "individuals we desire to punish".

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in the ten islands is the Coolgaree Bay Sports Bar and Bistro, which requires a valid membership for sales of alcohol, whether for on- or off-premises consumption. Penalties apply to everyone living in, travelling through, visiting or working in the Shire.

1485:, owned by the Shire Council and rented at a Government-subsidised rate to residents. Most businesses are owned by the council and land title restrictions hinder private investment; approval to build a house or start a business can take up to three years. 1618:. Over a five-year period in the 1970s Applied Ecology Pty Ltd (an organisation designed to assist Aboriginal communities to develop sustainable industries, funded by the Government) established an oyster lease on Palm Island. At one point the lease had 1678:

A new tourism initiative in 2015 included holding an open day on the island and having groups of tourists travel to the island to experience traditional food, and experience other aspects of Indigenous culture, by participating in dot painting and

1520:, argued that the people on Palm Island do not have the financial capacity (owing to lack of available jobs) to compete in the housing market on a commercial basis; the only solution to the problem of overcrowding lies in increasing the level of 581:

were passed, the name changed from Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement to Director of Native Affairs Office, Palm Island. These Acts effected a change in policy: instead of protection and segregation of Indigenous people, it instead focussed on

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were introduced as part of the government response to the report. The Queensland Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy commissioned a further report in 2005 and, as a result of its recommendations, the ten islands in the

1003:, guilty of inciting the 2004 riot that resulted in the destruction of the island's police station, the courthouse, and an officer's residence. Wotton then was sentenced to seven years in prison, reduced to six years for time already served. 840:

under the Award Wages Process, established in May 1999, to Indigenous people employed by the government on Aboriginal reserves between 1975 and 1986 (the date their policy of paying below-award rates to Indigenous people officially ended).

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In April 2018, the people of the Island marked a hundred years since the establishment of the Aboriginal settlement, with a three-day "Deadly Didge and Dance Festival". Local talent, pride and resilience was shown using dance, song and

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and a 15-bed general ward. The service is named for Joyce Palmer, a health worker who commenced her work in the 1940s at the Island's old grass hospital, and provided health care to the people of Palm Island for over 40 years.

2079:" in health care services to achieve "equality in health status and life expectancy between the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples on Palm Island and non-Indigenous Australians by 2033", echoing the federal government's 2115:

Many of the sporting activities are actively supported by or managed through the Queensland Police Citizens Youth Welfare Association facility; the Palm Island Community and Youth Centre (PICYC). The centre was opened by the then

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Chairwoman Erykah Kyle. A succession of angry young Aboriginal men subsequently spoke to the crowd and encouraged immediate action be taken against the police. Mulrunji's death was repeatedly branded "cold-blooded murder", and a

5229: 331:. It is estimated that the population of the island at the time of Cook's visit was about 200 Manbarra people. Cook sent some of his men to Palm Island and "they returned on board having met with nothing worth observing". 4206: 1941:

intervention programs". Since 2008, the Palm Island Community Company is the agency providing guidance and support to the CJG. Many members of the CJG, are Palm Island elders, who meet monthly. The company also runs a

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listing Palm Island as "the most violent place on earth outside a combat zone" in 1999), saying that there were now more opportunities for young people to get educated and contribute to the community and the economy.

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arrived at the station in late December 1943, where they were taken off combat duties. The squadron comprised 13 PBY-5 Catalinas, 46 officers and 99 enlisted men. They carried out training and routine flights between

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wrote in 2007 that the state of affairs was largely due to the establishment of the "penal settlement in 1918 for Aborigines unwilling to be docile, underpaid bush and domestic workers", and historical and current

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awarded to victims in May 2018. The raids were found by the court to be "racist" and "unnecessary, disproportionate" with police having "acted in these ways because they were dealing with an Aboriginal community".

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has seriously eroded the cultural base of Palm Island. Many of the contemporary issues of substance abuse, law and order problems and the high suicide rate have been attributed in part to this absence of culture.

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Full-time doctors at the hospital are on call for after-hours emergencies. The hospital cares for all non-critically ill patients; critical patients are stabilised and transferred to The Townsville Hospital by

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in the community. There is potential for further development of the tourism industry. Mayor Alf Lacey says that land tenure is still a problem, and having some freehold land would drive economic independence.

545:, who had been a strict disciplinarian, shot and wounded two people, and set fire to several buildings, killing his two children. Later in the day, the Superintendent was shot dead. An official inquiry by the 2863: 2107:

features prominently (both men's and women's) in 2006 11 young Palm Islanders represented Queensland at national boxing championships for the first time. The Barracudas are the local rugby league team, with

1478:(DOGIT). This means that, for example, a third party would not be able to lease and develop land on Palm Island without the permission of the community, and even then leases are limited to 30 years. 6524:

By the early 1920s, the Palm Island Aboriginal reserve had become a major Queensland tourist destination. It offered tourists...a chance to see Aboriginal people and culture as part of a comfortable day

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Wilson considered the Palm Island rates to be a gross underestimate, as the figures provided by the Legal Aid Office only counted cases that went to court, whereas the Queensland rates, provided by the

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Bwgcolman Community School (Prep to Grade 12). The Bwgcolman Community School includes the Bwgcolman Community Library which is jointly managed and funded by the Council and State Government.

5659:"Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir" 1545:

As a result of the 20th century use as an Aboriginal reserve/penal settlement, with the residents/inmates drawn from all over Queensland, the island population is now a mix of Manbarra and other

3539: 1740:-like" policies: the Queensland Government was failing the community by "stalling the Commonwealth's efforts to improve policing, education and health and to introduce private property rights". 1537:

The Queensland Government, which has constitutional responsibility for land tenure, holds the position that this issue is extremely complex and that it will not be bullied by the Commonwealth.

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to the media) showed that the primary school students score "significantly less" than Queensland average in literacy and numeracy. St Michael's have a program of teaching students "dainty" (

995:. A high-profile trial in the Townsville Supreme Court ensued. In June 2007 the jury found the Senior Sergeant not guilty of manslaughter and assault charges. On 24 October 2008, a jury found 4365: 1770:

In 2005 another forum was convened to find solutions to some of the key issues facing the community, building on the work already done in the Vision Plan and the Community Renewal plans. The

4268: 1394:. (Previously, Palm Island was a community council without the same powers as other Queensland Shire Councils. Final transition to full Shire Council status was completed in January 2007. 522:"inmates" increased from 200 to 1,630. By the early 1920s, Palm Island had become the largest Aboriginal reserve in Queensland and quickly gained a reputation among Aboriginal people as a 4943: 3691: 893:

stated that Palm Island had one of the highest crime rates in the world and that "boys ride bareback on horses through the near-derelict civic centre as infants ambush passing cars with

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prevention program with stinger stations having been established in different locations around the island. There is a Joint Emergency Services Complex houses the Ambulance Service, the

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worth of oysters. Due to alleged poor management and lack of interest among the community the oyster lease fell into disrepair. The farm is purported to have cost $ 20 million.

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to dismantle the station's buildings and facilities, removing and crating over 5,000 tons of materials and equipment and loading it aboard ship before departing on 31 August 1944.

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people) do have a strong historical connection to the land, most having been born there. Having "historical" (as opposed to "traditional") rights recognised is a legal grey area.

5522:"Tackling Alcohol Issues in Indigenous Communities – The Indigenous Communities Liquor Licences Bill 2002 (Qld) and The Community Services Legislation Amendment Bill 2002 (Qld)" 1703:

There are limited facilities and accommodation on Great Palm Island for tourists. Accommodation includes Klub Kuda, and the Palm Island Motel, which is operated by the council.

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There is another settled area is at the south-east end of the airport, south of the main town area, and beyond a mountain to the north is a third settled area on Coolgaree Bay.

3561: 2048:, was reported in 138 children and 10 adults of Indigenous descent. Later characterised as hepatoenteritis, the disease was proposed to have been caused by the toxin 414:, United States. The rest of the circus group carried on to the European leg of the tour; by the end of 1885 only three of the Murris were still alive. Kukamunburra's partner, 5222: 4237: 3832: 2831: 2423: 3338: 2138:

The PICYC, home to the Palm Island Police Citizens Youth Club, is considered to be a great success story, especially considering its controversial beginnings soon after the

3854: 6435: 2745: 2695: 1929: 983:(DPP), announced on 14 December 2006 that no charges would be laid. After media and public pressure, the Queensland Attorney-General appointed former Chief Justice of the 6189: 1409:

hospital and churches, as well as a library called the Bwgcolman Indigenous Knowledge Centre. The first stage of the Bwgcolman Retail Centre opened in February 2020, its

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with longterm leases has been seen by some as the best option to move forward on Palm. The push for privatisation of title was led by the Australian Government (through

897:." It referred to violence statistics and stated that "the white overseers" left the island in 1985, removing most of the island's assets and resources, only allowing a 6113: 5223:"Submission to the House ofRepresentatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander Affairs Inquiry into CapacityBuilding in Indigenous Communities" 4583: 4391: 1667:, there have been concerns owing to its troubled history and social problems, and its residents need to be ready to embrace the idea of a possible flood of visitors. 1470:

title does not apply either; most land is controlled by the Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council. The land is held by the council for the benefit of the community in

628:. The air station was built at Wallaby Point, an isolated area of Palm Island, overlooking a large stretch of sheltered water in Challenger Bay, which was ideal for 6409: 5618: 2853: 2589: 1916:

The most successful program implemented to reduce the high levels of crime was the Palm Island Community Justice Group (CJG), established in 1992 as a committee of

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In a 2007 commemorative ceremony the Queensland Government apologised to the surviving wives of two of the strikers for the actions of the Government in the 1950s.

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as a settlement for Aboriginal people considered guilty of such infractions as being "disruptive", being pregnant to a white man or being born with mixed blood ("

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Schembri MA, Neilan BA, Saint CP (October 2001). "Identification of genes implicated in toxin production in the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii".

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alcohol on board, the ferry is the only means of carriage of alcohol to Palm Island. Any alcohol brought on board must be locked away during the trip. The only

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to review the decision. The Street Review resulted in the overturning of the DPP's decision, with a finding that there was sufficient evidence to prosecute for

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Doorley, Neil (18 May 2007). "The Palm Island PCYC is running a music program to encourage interaction between police and local indigenous youth". Brisbane:

2725: 2150:($ 8,000 worth of drums donated by the Queensland Police), Family Movie Nights, and Bingo. The PICYC employs a paid staff of nine locals and one volunteer. 4290: 3077: 3461: 3428: 1553:

disadvantage and violence. At the same time it has been at the forefront of political activism which has sought to improve the conditions and treatment of

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Topographically, the island is dominated in the centre by the tallest peak Mount Bentley, and in the southwest by Mount Lindsay. The surface is covered by

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Calls for Palm Island to be proclaimed as a reserve were made in 1889 when the Secretary of the Townsville Aboriginal Protection Association wrote to the

6748: 5258: 5004: 2003:, related to communities relying on the income generated by sales of alcohol in canteens, recommending that this perceived conflict of interest end. The 5763: 3531: 1534:

people complicates debate about Palm Island land title. There is no registered Native Title claim and few traditional owners still live on the island.

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A burial site and headstone is located in the "Mission" area of Palm Island. It tells the story of a young Palm Island man of the 19th century called

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million class action payment for the 2004 riots, and some of the stolen wages settlement, there would be a need for all sectors to work on improving

530:", and sent to Palm Island. New arrivals came after being sentenced by a court or released from prison, or they were sent by administrators of other 4369: 4048: 5584: 4343: 273:

Other names include or have included the Mission, Palm Island settlement, Palm Island Aborigines settlement, Palm Island Community, and Bwgcolman.

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Some attempts have been made to develop a tourist industry on Great Palm Island, but these have met with limited success. Although the island has

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1985 and 1986, several Aboriginal people who had formerly worked for the Queensland Government on the Palm Island reserve lodged a complaint of

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The Naval Air Station closed in May 1944. On 18 June 1944, 177 men and 4 officers of Company B, 91st Naval Construction Battalion, arrived from

6322:. Phillip, A.C.T. : ATSIC. Review commissioned by the then Australian Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, Senator 5200: 4935: 3683: 215:

The island has an area of 55 km (21 sq mi). The official area figure of 70.9 square kilometres (27.4 sq mi) refers to

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that "...payment to be made to an Aboriginal worker doing the same work and providing the same level of skills had necessarily to be less".

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Great Palm Island is often termed a classic "tropical paradise" given its natural endowments, but it has had a troubled history since the

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It is not known what the Manbarra people called the island before colonisation. The island group was named the "Palm Isles" by explorer

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as a notable ex-player. In June 2005 the inaugural 3 on 3 Basketball competition was held, attracting over 300 locals.

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Koch, Tony; Fraser, Andrew (27 November 2004). "Police run for their lives as rioters torch buildings in a tropical island rampage".

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found that Doomadgee was killed as a result of punches by the Senior Sergeant arresting officer. Despite the finding of the coroner,

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was offered, and a program of short courses and employment opportunities for young people aged 15–19 who had dropped out of school.

1041:. After the graduation ceremony at Fred Clay Park, the group became the first SPSOs to provide security services for the community. 924: 719: 473: 189: 5715:

An outbreak of hepatoenteritis (the Palm Island mystery disease) possibly caused by algal intoxication . Toxicon Suppl 1983;45–48.'

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One of the harshest Superintendents was Roy Bartlam, who arrested workers for being a minute behind the roll call in the reserve.

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decorated with the work of three local artists. The completed retail precinct will include a supermarket, council offices, and a

984: 856:. Their claim argued that the Queensland Government "breached the trust of Aboriginal people by failing to protect their money". 813:

took over governance of the Aboriginal reserve land on 10 of the islands in the group, including Great Palm Island. In 1996, the

487: 358: 6442: 5953: 4143: 2737: 2614: 2322: 1920:, who have more influence over young offenders on the island than the police or courts. The CJG has a statutory role within the 875:

rate of youth suicide per capita in the world, and a total of 40 suicide fatalities over a period of only five years.

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operations. The station was built by two officers and 122 enlisted men of Company C of the 55th Naval Construction Battalion (

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Kukamunburra's body was embalmed; 109 years later, in 1993, the body was discovered in a local funeral parlour. Anthropologist

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Palm Island is serviced by the Joyce Palmer Health Service based at the Palm Island Hospital, completed in 2000, which has an

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workshops. The first open day in 2015 was sold out, with over 200 paying tourists, and more were planned throughout the year.

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with art gallery. A new group of artists, the Palm Island Arts group, will occupy the studio and gallery in the new building.

910:, that Palm Island "can be violent at times", particularly for women and children, but that the situation was being improved. 311:(also known as Wulgurukaba) is a language of the Palm Island region, which lies within the local government boundaries of the 7231: 6741: 5126: 4394:. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder, Colorado. March 2001. Archived from 3142: 2803: 1527: 1517: 1202: 1016: 805: 240: 239:

and steep forested mountains rising to a peak of 548 metres (1,798 ft). The ocean surrounding the island is part of the

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Various other local programs have assisted with lowering the crime rate: the Men's Group, with founding member and director

6347: 6266: 4587: 2617:. self-published extract by the author of Robson, J., Captain Cook's World, Random House, New Zealand, 2000. Archived from 2325:. self-published extract by the author of Robson, J., Captain Cook's World, Random House, New Zealand, 2000. Archived from 7282: 7125: 7034: 6420: 5610: 4840: 4458: 2770: 2298: 2267: 2096: 479: 6454: 4719: 4659: 2582: 566:

the island's electricity. The bell tower still stands in the local square to this day, a relic of Palm Island's history.

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landed on one of the islands and recorded seeing recently occupied circular huts, and canoes nearby their landing place.

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was able to identify the body and his remains were returned to his homeland and buried on Palm Island in February 1994.

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club is the first Indigenous club in Surf Lifesaving Queensland, and is affiliated to Arcadian surf lifesaving club on

675:, Patrol Wing 10, with eight PBY Catalinas was briefly stationed at Palm Island in December 1943, before relocating to 526:. Indigenous people were removed from across Queensland as punishment for a variety of infringements, including being " 7185: 7130: 6949: 6669: 6367: 6304: 6121: 4558: 4105: 2561: 2232: 2045: 1818: 1034: 760: 647:

parking area for up to 12 flying boats. Moorings for 18 flying boats were provided in Challenger Bay, and three nose

546: 577: 6726: 3487: 395:". After being kidnapped by United States circus agent R A Cunningham in 1883, he was toured along with eight other 7179: 7093: 6911: 6761: 5027: 1414: 853: 328: 267: 7243: 7219: 7191: 7141: 6917: 6734: 3069: 2353: 1455: 1038: 596: 495: 6012: 4621: 1591:, drug dependence and gambling, and the fact that crops and livestock are not cultivated locally on the island. 1270:. Peaking at Category 4, at landfall it was a Category 2 cyclone; it caused significant damage in the 7146: 7023: 5188: 3783: 2282: 1732: 1696: 1248: 934: 870: 848:

settlement million to a group of about 10,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, who had launched a

538: 491: 461: 445: 117: 30:

This article is about the largest and most inhabited island of the group. For the locality (island group), see

5266: 4996: 2210:

to provide safe swimming, but the ongoing costs may be prohibitive. By early December 2020, there had been 23

2188:

service operates from Townsville, bringing food, machinery and fuel to the island, and another operating from

2016:

became the 19th Queensland community to become a restricted area for possession of alcohol from 19 June 2006.

5727: 3470: 3437: 809:(RDA), alleging underpayment of wages between 31 October 1975 (the RDA start date) and 31 May 1984, when the 6831: 2251: 1429: 173: 31: 7208: 6798: 4810: 2947: 2886: 7006: 6499: 6477: 5987: 5157: 3946: 2492: 2262:

Education infrastructure is comparatively high on Palm Island for a remote low population base. There is

2154: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1475: 1439: 1435: 1322: 782: 587: 205: 4038: 643:

A 1,000-man camp was constructed at the point. Concrete flying boat ramps to the ocean were built with a

192:(also known as "the Mission"). The original inhabitants of the island (and others in the group) were the 6943: 6932: 6883: 6825: 6509:"'Socialist paradise' or 'inhospitable island'? Visitor responses to Palm Island in the 1920s and 1930s" 6270: 6091: 5588: 4339: 3199: 2117: 1996: 1925: 1775: 1695:

spoke wanted to dispel the Island's reputation as a place of violent crime (including the effect of the

1671: 1580: 972: 800: 583: 542: 519: 508: 247: 197: 181: 4681: 4100: 2242:(QAS) began operations on Palm Island in 2000 and took over from the hospital-based service. It runs a 2173:

worth of work constructing a permanent water-supply dam on the island and upgrading a number of roads.

1488: 710:

The remains of the steel rails and submerged wrecks of a number of Catalinas can still be seen today.

6782: 6508: 5670: 3752: 3635: 3590:

Medical toxicology of natural substances: foods, fungi, medicinal herbs, plants, and venomous animals

2223: 778: 7203: 5284: 5192: 3003: 7272: 7225: 7114: 6984: 6965: 6938: 2211: 2189: 2177: 2000: 1905: 1826: 1688: 1652: 1171: 1014:

The police raids and behaviour following the riot were found in December 2016 to have breached the

996: 930: 400: 340: 228: 7173: 7162: 7119: 3300: 2972: 1297: 744:'s mother, Cecilia Barber, and the family of strike ringleader Frederick William Doolan including 415: 381: 7071: 7051: 6389: 6039: 5755: 3659: 2294: 2207: 2158: 2065: 2049: 1780: 1639: 1357: 1194: 503: 453: 185: 7214: 5864: 5152: 3119:

PhD Thesis, School of History, Philosophy, Religion, and Classics, The University of Queensland.

2289:

absenteeism averages about 30% among their 160 students. A 2005 test at Bwgcolman school (

2109: 1629:

million retail and business centre was completed, mostly funded by the Federal Government, with

372: 5587:. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy (Queensland). 2005. Archived from 5391:

Meade, Kevin (10 November 1998). "Indigenous youth in good hands when it comes to discipline".

3361: 3172: 1973:. In the first year of operation (1999), juvenile crime rates dropped from 186 offences to 99. 246:

Along with nine of the other smaller islands within the Palm Islands group, it falls under the

5747: 5696: 5542: 5532: 4965: 3907:

Levy, Adrian; Scott-Clark, Cathy (5 October 1997). "'Apartheid island' slaves sue Australia".

3825:"'Justice has been done': 80-year journey leads to $ 190 million settlement over unpaid wages" 3720: 3651: 3594: 3588: 3164: 3156: 3146: 2520: 2199:

operates the Bwgcolman Indigenous Knowledge Centre on Lot 1 Main Street on Great Palm Island.

2124: 1946: 1798: 1390:, which has jurisdiction over ten of the islands in the Greater Palm group, created under the 617: 601: 308: 57: 4480: 3402: 2648: 1774:

report resulting from the project said that the Palm Island community and the Queensland and

1567:

and enormous tourism potential. Relics of failed or abandoned ventures were still evident: a

17: 7151: 7056: 6971: 6381: 5739: 5686: 5678: 5642: 5458: 5358: 4165: 4043: 4013: 3990: 3889:

Meade, Kevin (13 November 1998). "Welcome to Palm Island, the most violent haven on Earth".

3643: 3248: 1933: 1917: 1692: 1451: 968:

objectives, issues such as drug and alcohol abuse and unemployment would also be addressed.

889: 220: 177: 3969: 2146:), an Internet Café, TAFE cooking classes, after-school and vacation care, monthly discos, 1219:

Surrounding waters include Challenger (Gowyarowa) Bay, which is between Great Palm Island,

7168: 7083: 6699: 6149:"Jellyfish stings on the rise off Palm Island, as summer brings bluebottles and Irukandji" 5427: 4844: 4020: 3997: 2839: 2835: 2092: 2080: 1983: 1970: 1921: 1728: 1656: 1368: 1054: 988: 740:

working conditions imposed by the Queensland Government under the reserve system. Athlete

531: 433: 302: 4827: 1957:

cultural camp where they would be taught their culture, language and art on neighbouring

1557:, as well as redress injustices visited on them broadly and on Palm Island specifically. 1438:, "Palm Island (Urban Centres and Localities)" had 2,298 residents, 94.1% of whom are of 1400:

lists only one postcode for "Palm Island, QLD" (4816), which refers to the island group.

5674: 4862:"The $ 10 million plan to keep people spending their money on a north Queensland island" 3639: 3102:

Becoming Bwgcolman : exile and survival on Palm Island Reserve, 1918 to the present

2281:

The island has two schools; St Michael's Catholic School (Prep to grade 7) and the

346:

From the 1850s, locals were recruitment targets to leave the island to be involved with

7198: 7104: 7001: 6978: 6715: 6689: 6661: 6251: 5928: 5859: 5743: 5569: 5490: 4449: 4138: 2925: 2057: 2021: 1958: 1802: 1720: 1680: 1521: 1497: 1397: 1259: 1224: 1220: 1205:, where extraction and fishing are regulated. The island forms the eastern boundary of 1050: 879: 825:

was awarded to each applicant, although the evidence suggested that the loss of income

697: 600:(1997) as an institution that housed children removed from their families, part of the 396: 6599: 6336: 6227: 5691: 5658: 5422: 4628:. Department of Local Government, Planning, Sport and Recreation. 2007. Archived from 3855:"Indigenous workers receive $ 190m stolen wages settlement from Queensland government" 2445: 2270:

offered up to year twelve on the Island and a campus of the Barrier Reef Institute of

2075:

was launched on Friday 20 April 2018, with a joint commitment by the stakeholders to "

1563:

As of 2004 there was no industry on the island despite rich natural resources such as

7266: 7066: 6995: 6894: 6679: 6648: 6431: 6393: 5943: 5148: 4340:"Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Detailed maps, MPZ8 – Townsville (3.2 Mb)" 4133: 2618: 2326: 2243: 2120: 2076: 2053: 1992: 1894: 1806: 1797:

From 1975 to the early 21st century, Palm Island has had a very high level of theft,

1712: 1660: 1588: 1576: 1306: 1278: 1244: 1213: 964: 741: 733: 664: 351: 347: 5759: 5728:"(Letters) Algal toxins or copper poisoning – revisiting the Palm Island 'epidemic'" 5682: 4936:"Palm Island, Australia: Reinventing Itself towards EcoTourism & Sustainability" 3195:"The Palm Island Murders, Pryor and Hoffman Discharged, Shooting of Curry Justified" 769:-like illness on Great Palm Island, reported in 1979. Associated in many cases with 671:

The last personnel of the 55th Seabees left Palm Island on 8 November 1943. US Navy

7135: 7077: 6922: 6844: 6819: 6814: 6653: 6564: 5901: 5505:

Pryor, Cathy (27 September 2001). "Island's nippers help turn tide against crime".

5088: 3719:(illustrated ed.). Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 1–76, 44, 136–137, etc. 3663: 2923:

Meade, Kevin (26 January 1998). "Cathy Freeman, island of despair's patron saint".

2891: 2512: 2247: 1724: 1505: 992: 976: 898: 849: 794: 745: 685: 667:. Steel rail lines were installed to launch the PBY Catalinas back into the water. 621: 523: 457: 6588: 5615:

Queensland Government). Dept of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships

5118: 5089:"Reel Women Jetty, gateway to one of the most beautiful spots in North Queensland" 4342:. Australian Government, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 24 April 2006. 2807: 1900:

Wilson attributed the extreme crime rates to historical (including repression and

1049:

At 55 km (21 sq mi), Great Palm Island is nearly twice the size of

836:

Following this case, the government settled 5,729 claims with a single payment of

270:. The name "Great Palm Island" for this island goes back at least as far as 1866. 6545: 4912: 4368:. Australian Government, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Archived from 3714: 3100: 2214:

stings reported during the year, nearly double that of the whole of 2019, at 12.

2180:

on the south-west of the Island. Palm Island's pier is in Challenger Bay, with a

2161:

history. The stopover was organised under the GC2018 Reconciliation Action Plan.

420: 386: 7109: 7099: 7045: 7040: 7029: 6927: 6777: 6642: 6351: 6320:

Final report – review of the indigenous communities of doomadgee and palm island

4421: 4078: 2858: 2147: 2061: 1962: 1901: 1822: 1664: 1599: 1595: 1513: 1267: 1206: 1182: 907: 770: 629: 625: 6385: 6348:"Indigenous Land Use Agreement: Reservoir Ridge Subdivision C (Map QI2005/005)" 6295: 4837: 4444: 4392:"Great Palm Island Extension, Density, and Calcification Data for 1872 to 1985" 2778: 2540: 2123:

in February 2005 over strong community objections due to animosity towards the

732:

Seven families were banished from the Palm Island in 1957 for taking part in a

464:

as a settlement for Aboriginal people from many different areas of Queensland.

361:

asking for a reserve to be established on the Island, but no action was taken.

196:

people, also known as the Wulgurukaba, who were removed to the mainland by the

6990: 6960: 6954: 6888: 6877: 6865: 6855: 6849: 6837: 6684: 6674: 6631: 5900:. PCYC Queensland – business supporters club news (newsletter). Archived from 5406:

Laurie, Victoria (20 October 2001). "Payback – Justice in black & white".

5028:"Palm Island looks to transform image from crime hotspot to tropical paradise" 4712:"Bwgcolman Indigenous Knowledge Centre – Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council" 4711: 4651: 4291:"First Indigenous Senior Protective Security Officers graduate on Palm Island" 1953: 1716: 1501: 1482: 1467: 1350: 1318: 1314: 1178: 1167: 844:

In July 2019, it was announced that the Queensland Government had agreed to a

737: 652: 644: 562: 527: 449: 324: 263: 224: 209: 157: 5546: 3922:

Meade, Kevin (14 November 1998). "The Earth's most violent place? Not here".

3403:"Palm Island Naval Air Station Palm Island, Qld, Near Townsville, During WW2" 3194: 3160: 3037: 2348: 1908:

community where no homicides had been recorded in the period from the 1950s.

1454:

on Palm Island, with property owned by either the Local or State Government.

1065:

and steep forested mountains rising to a peak of 548 metres (1,798 ft).

97: 84: 7156: 7012: 6788: 6370:(March 1985). "Black Death White Hands Revisited: The Case of Palm Island". 4230:"Palm Island riots class action payout 'slap in face' to police, union says" 3168: 2553: 2545: 2290: 2038: 1942: 1764: 1737: 1471: 1463: 1442:. Of these, 75.2% were Australian Aboriginal, 12.8% Torres Strait Islander. 1198: 894: 774: 766: 704: 660: 512: 426: 411: 407: 364:

By the end of the 19th century the population had been reduced to about 50.

298: 201: 6311: 6016: 5926:

Gerard, Ian; MATP (18 February 2005). "Islanders picket Beattie ceremony".

5751: 4611:, ch. 1.2.2 "Historical Introduction – Historical Overviews – Palm Island". 4547: 4199:"Queensland police breached discrimination act on Palm Island, court finds" 3655: 2548: 1235: 6408:

Queensland Government. Palm Island Select Committee (PISC) (August 2005).

6249:

Koch, Tony (1 December 2004). "Island kids get to the art of the matter".

5700: 4905:"From the archives: Keith Bryson – The man behind the White Lady (Part 2)" 4586:. Queensland Department of Local Government & Planning. Archived from 4261:"'It's about healing': Palm Islanders to share $ 30m class action payment" 887:

statement was based on an article in a London newspaper. The article from

6436:"Queensland Government Response to the PISC Palm Island Select Committee" 6301:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander missions and reserves in Queensland

4024: 4001: 2026: 1615: 1564: 1531: 1459: 1346: 1310: 1057:. It is the main island of the Greater Palm group, and consists of small 940: 693: 656: 637: 294: 193: 3203:. Darwin, NT: National Library of Australia. 19 August 1930. p. 1. 2583:"2015 Local Government Boundaries: Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council" 1177:

There are three man-made bodies of fresh water on the island, including

553: 4832: 2357:. Adelaide, SA: National Library of Australia. 25 May 1866. p. 2. 1966: 1603: 1572: 1568: 1341:

trees. The surrounding bays have diverse marine fauna, including coral

1252: 1212:

There are seven named reefs adjacent to the island, known as nearshore

947: 689: 613: 499: 5657:

Hawkins, PR; Runnegar, MT; Jackson, AR; Falconer, IR (November 1985).

4418:"Indigenous Land Use Agreement: QI2003/052 Coolagree Sponge Farm ILUA" 3469:, Washington, D.C.: Naval History And Heritage Command, archived from 3436:, Washington, D.C.: Naval History And Heritage Command, archived from 1266:

coastline and remained near Great Palm Island causing a great deal of

4742:"Local culture celebrated in new Palm Island Bwgcolman Retail Centre" 4629: 3647: 3272:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

2104: 2095:

and the subsequent Mission policies of prohibiting the expression of

1890: 1611: 1607: 1410: 1364: 1334: 1330: 1271: 1263: 680: 672: 648: 633: 6337:"Reservoir Ridge Subdivision C Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA)" 5567:

Roberts, Greg (30 November 2004). "Beattie defends police methods".

2274:. Some students chose to board on the main land at private schools. 1289: 6533:"'Like soul medicine': Palm Island comedians find their funny bone" 6084:"The Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Reconciliation Action Plan" 4584:"Local Government Directory – Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council" 3488:"Australian National Shipwreck Database – View Aircraft – Catalina" 1670:

Research by the Centre for Tropical Urban and Regional Planning at

557:

Locals playing cricket with the bell tower in the background (1996)

219:, which includes nine smaller islands. It is off the east coast of 6308: 2185: 2181: 1487: 1342: 1326: 1296: 1288: 1281:

passed directly over Great Palm Island, but caused little damage.

1234: 1062: 676: 552: 371: 236: 208:

people from disparate groups who were deported from many areas of

6487:

Palm Island Inquest findings – the unacceptable political inertia

4836:

Material was copied from this source, which is available under a

3532:"Palm Island dreaming, a vivid backdrop to the art of making Doo" 2944:"State Library of Queensland – Mainland Missions and Communities" 2490:

Koch, Tony; MATP (4 December 2004). "Features: Bitter Paradise".

1932:, with the aim of keeping Indigenous children on Palm out of the 1731:

of 50 years, 30 less than the Australian average. Economist

1711:

In 2006 it was reported that the community suffered from chronic

1174:

is on a long narrow strip at the southwest corner of the island.

1170:, with small areas cleared for settlements and the airstrip. The 5488:

Robbins, Matt (4 January 2000). "Island for wayward juveniles".

4324: 3301:"Agency Details: Director of Native Affairs Office, Palm Island" 3141:. Vol. Supplement. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 2806:. National Library of Australia. 20 January 1997. Archived from 2645:

The Manbarra People and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

2271: 1945:

centres, medical centre, services for women and families, and a

1659:, is close to the Great Barrier Reef and its waters abound with 1338: 956: 518:

In the first two decades of its establishment the population of

323:

The islands in the area were named the "Palm Isles" by explorer

6730: 6603: 636:) that arrived 6 July 1943, and a similar detachment that left 6341:

ATNS (Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements project)

5786:"Leading organisations commit to Close the Gap on Palm Island" 2558:

Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map

1069:

Bays of Great Palm Island, listed clockwise starting at north

1058: 327:

in 1770 as he sailed up the eastern coast of Australia on his

266:

in 1770 as he sailed up the eastern coast of Australia on his

232: 6083: 1356:

However the island has been affected by human settlement and

591:

and Island Affairs Department, District Office, Palm Island.

5386: 5384: 5059:"The long road to Paradise Street: 100 years on Palm Island" 2297:) as a third language in addition to the communally spoken " 1924:

in administering justice on the island. It is funded by the

1516:, then director of the Centre for Indigenous Studies at the 1392:

Local Government (Community Government Areas) Act 2004(2004)

2798: 2796: 6213:, ch. 3.10 "Review findings – Education/Youth", pp. 60–65. 3492:

Australian Government Department of Environment and Energy

2765: 2763: 2157:

scheduled a stopover on Palm Island for the first time in

1458:

claims do not apply to most residents as they are not the

1033:

On 2 October 2020, six Palm Islanders graduated as Senior

200:

in the 1890s. The island is also sometimes referred to as

4893:, ch. 3.12 "Review Findings – Cost of Living", pp. 66–68. 3962:"Overcrowding central to Palm Island's problems: report" 3463:

91st Naval Construction Battalion—Historical Information

3430:

55th Naval Construction Battalion—Historical Information

620:

at Palm Island, with facilities to operate and overhaul

5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5340: 5338: 5316: 5314: 5286:

Palm Island: Future Directions: Resource Officer Report

3784:"The Wages of Sin: Compensation for Indigenous Workers" 3305:

Queensland Government – Archive search: Agency ID 10498

3005:

Palm Island: Future Directions: Resource Officer Report

1831: 1560:

The unemployment rate was about 51% in September 2019.

594:

Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement was mentioned in the

586:

into the "white community". They gave freedom and full

5423:"Sexual abuse, alcoholism, drugs: life on Palm Island" 4997:"Palm Island: Mixed response to plan to lure tourists" 4838:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

4548:"Our own 'Clancy of the Overflow' springs into action" 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 1928:

to administer the program, created in response to the

1829:

averaged over the period of January 1977 to May 1984.

1274:

region during its relatively long, 3½ week life.

393:

Barnum, Bailey and Hutchinson's Greatest show on earth

6114:"Palm Island (Bwgcolman Indigenous Knowledge Center)" 5973: 5971: 5161:(Interview). Interviewed by Chris O'Brien. Brisbane: 4995:

Stewart, Heather; Fernbach, Nathalie (11 July 2013).

2977:

Queensland Government – Archive search (Agency ID 76)

2804:"Captive Lives: Looking for Tambo and his companions" 765:

The Palm Island mystery disease was an outbreak of a

444:

For much of the twentieth century it was used by the

301:

from the broken up fragments of an ancestral spirit,

4796:

Note: Only Great Palm Island is included in the map.

4037:

Chalmers, Emma; Odgers, Rosemary (12 January 2007).

2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2519:. Camberwell, Australia: Penguin Group. p. 10. 1594:

The natural environment of Palm Island and adjacent

700:

17 while at Palm Island, and left in February 1944.

254:. It is the only inhabited island within the Shire. 6903: 6806: 6769: 5843:, ch. 2.4 "Issues Raised – Cultural Issues", p. 13. 5332:

Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Legal Aid Office

3331:"Agency Details: Director of Native Affairs Office" 2973:"Agency Details: Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement" 2856:[Abducted, displayed – but not forgotten]. 2184:-boat service travelling to and from Townsville. A 391:

who was renamed "Tambo" by a circus agent for the "

223:, situated 65 kilometres (40 mi) northwest of 153: 139: 131: 123: 113: 76: 71: 48: 5855:"New generation brings self-esteem to Palm Island" 2009:Community Services Legislation Amendment Bill 2002 1930:Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 6373:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 6267:"Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools" 5944:"Peter Beattie opens youth centre in Palm Island" 5790:Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Council 4855: 4853: 3295: 3293: 2967: 2965: 2091:Many residents consider that the introduction of 2041:, with a large number of residents hospitalised. 1496:Privatising home ownership and the creation of a 297:beliefs the Palm Island group were formed in the 6350:. National Native Title Tribunal. Archived from 6224:"Palm Island Community Council library services" 6058:The Queensland Cabinet and Ministerial Directory 6007: 6005: 4071:"Policeman to be charged over Palm Island death" 2918: 2916: 2914: 2854:"Verschleppt, vorgeführt – aber nicht vergessen" 2005:Indigenous Communities Liquor Licences Bill 2002 1833:Estimated violence rates per 100 000 people 963:In April 2005, in response to the riot, Premier 748:Jnr. were among those banished from the island. 640:later with 1,500 tons of construction material. 572:Aboriginals Preservation and Protection Act 1939 537:On 3 February 1930, in an incident known as the 460:. Beginning in 1918, the island was used by the 227:, and 800 kilometres (500 mi) north of the 204:, which is the name given to the Aboriginal and 5895:"PCYC – Driving positive change on Palm Island" 3362:"Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement (1918–1975)" 3040:. The Queenslander. 12 April 1919. p. 13. 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2056:cells after the addition of excessive doses of 2044:In 1979 an outbreak of an illness known as the 2037:In December 1934 there was a major outbreak of 1817:In 1985, then associate professor of Sociology 1193:The ocean surrounding the island is inside the 212:to the reserve in 1918, and their descendants. 34:. For local governance and related issues, see 6299:This Knowledge article incorporates text from 5713:Bourke ATC, Hawes RB, Nielson A, Stallman ND. 4193: 4191: 4166:"Aboriginal leader criticises Wotton sentence" 3884: 3882: 3880: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2235:(RFDS) Emergency Management Queensland (EMQ). 819:Bligh and Ors v State of Queensland HREOCA 28 659:was used to manufacture concrete. A series of 541:, the first Superintendent of the Settlement, 498:on the Australian mainland was destroyed by a 406:In 1884, Kukamunburra died at 21 years old of 243:, where extraction and fishing are regulated. 6742: 6615: 5153:"Transcript: Peter Beattie, Date: 28/09/2006" 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3262: 3260: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 2938: 2936: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 1893:were banned; however there was a flourishing 1510:Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership 1375:Feral dogs are also a problem on the island. 950:report were read to a public meeting by then 919:2004: Death in custody, riot and consequences 815:Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 777:, 148 people (138 children and 10 adults) of 27:Island off the North-Eastern Australian coast 8: 5278: 5276: 3245:Walker, Jamie (17 March 2007). "Skin deep". 3063: 3061: 3059: 2726:Queensland Aboriginal Protection Association 2206:in their state budget for construction of a 939:Australian Aboriginal Palm Island resident, 468:1918–1975: Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement 43: 6402:Palm Island Select Committee (PISC) reports 4445:"Tropical Cyclone Tessi batters Townsville" 2517:The Tall Man: Death and Life on Palm Island 2507: 2505: 2503: 2349:"Shipping Intelligence, Notice to Mariners" 2103:Amongst sporting activities on Palm Island 1430:Palm_Island, Queensland § Demographics 1020:, with a record class action settlement of 663:were constructed to hold 60,000 barrels of 6749: 6735: 6727: 6622: 6608: 6600: 5816:"Palm Island Health Action Plan 2018–2028" 4826: 4542: 4540: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3268:"Queensland: Legislation / Key Provisions" 2640: 2638: 2636: 2131:and the Police response to the subsequent 1937:offenders to the Community Justice Group. 946:A week after the death the results of the 789:1985–2020: Palm Island "Stolen Wages" Case 56: 42: 6176: 6174: 5690: 4101:"Qld: Jury finds Wotton guilty over riot" 3074:Reconciliation and Social Justice Library 1107:within view of Barber (Boodthean) Island 354:enterprises with Europeans and Japanese. 3902: 3900: 3564:. IBN News. 16 June 2007. Archived from 2744:. Queensland Government. 13 April 2015. 2418:. Background Briefing (Radio National). 2073:Palm Island Health Action Plan 2018-2028 1067: 6453:Queensland Government (November 2006). 6441:. Queensland Government. Archived from 6155:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6054:"Queen's Baton welcomed to Palm Island" 5034:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 5003:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4334: 4332: 4320: 4318: 4316: 3562:"Palm Island commemorating 1957 strike" 2314: 1991:), the result of an investigation into 1528:Traditional ownersTraditional ownership 6581:Townsville Hospital and Health Service 6539:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6210: 6186:Townsville Health and Hospital Service 5840: 5766:from the original on 27 September 2006 5663:Applied and Environmental Microbiology 5344: 5320: 5245: 5199:. The Centre for Independent Studies. 5065:. Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). 5057:Archibald-Binge, Ella (25 June 2018). 4890: 4860:Wainwright, Sofie (15 February 2020). 4768:"Coolgaree Bay to Palm Island Airport" 4682:"Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council" 4608: 3593:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 181–. 3133:"Robert Henry (Bob) Curry (1885–1930)" 2669: 2588:. Electoral Commission of Queensland. 2202:The Queensland Government has allowed 817:found in favour of the applicants, in 651:were also built. Coral aggregate from 502:. Palm Island had been gazetted as an 6494:Lehmann, Steffen (17 November 2005). 6147:Wainwright, Sofie (4 December 2020). 5818:. Queensland Government. April 2018. 5796:from the original on 28 February 2020 5640:"Influenza Outbreak at Palm Island". 5439:from the original on 11 December 2007 5299:from the original on 28 February 2020 5203:from the original on 25 February 2020 5069:from the original on 26 February 2020 5038:from the original on 15 February 2020 4872:from the original on 26 February 2020 4662:from the original on 23 February 2020 4525:from the original on 23 February 2020 4461:from the original on 12 November 2012 4346:from the original on 16 February 2011 4176:from the original on 10 November 2008 3835:from the original on 15 February 2020 3804:from the original on 28 February 2020 3763:from the original on 28 February 2020 3694:from the original on 28 February 2020 3360:Butterworth, Lee (5 September 2017). 3311:from the original on 29 February 2020 3278:from the original on 29 February 2020 3018:from the original on 28 February 2020 3011:. Queensland Government. p. 27. 2983:from the original on 29 February 2020 2899:from the original on 27 December 2019 2771:"Tambo Tambo, Circus Performer, Dies" 2724:Note: This organisation preceded the 2706:from the original on 23 February 2020 2456:from the original on 27 February 2020 1152:has a pier, a settled area is inland 7: 6474:Palm Island: something is very wrong 6159:from the original on 7 December 2020 6128:from the original on 3 February 2018 6094:from the original on 24 January 2018 6064:from the original on 24 January 2018 5123:Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council 3865:from the original on 7 November 2020 3409:from the original on 21 October 2006 3105:(Thesis). University of Queensland. 2544:This Knowledge article incorporates 2014:Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council 1462:of the land, the general community ( 1388:Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council 1301:Pine plantation on Great Palm Island 1181:near the peak of Mount Bentley, and 1137:at the northwest end of the airport 1122:at the southeast end of the airport 1001:Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council 376:This is believed to be Kukamunburraa 313:Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council 6531:Wainwright, Sofie (16 April 2020). 5949:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4489:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3038:"Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement" 2885:Thomas, Martin (16 December 2019). 2420:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1504:, as Indigenous Affairs Minister), 6417:Legislative Assembly of Queensland 5956:from the original on 19 April 2008 5744:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06316.x 5585:"Palm Island – Alcohol management" 5259:"Community Renewal on Palm Island" 5235:from the original on 17 July 2019. 5129:from the original on 14 March 2021 5099:from the original on 19 April 2021 4976:from the original on 19 April 2021 4946:from the original on 19 April 2021 4692:from the original on 27 April 2021 4564:from the original on 21 April 2019 3782:Thornton, Margaret; Luker, Trish. 3757:Australian Human Rights Commission 3688:Australian Human Rights Commission 3607:from the original on 27 April 2017 3542:from the original on 12 March 2011 3530:Johnston, Chris (1 January 2011). 3138:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2866:from the original on 14 April 2022 2829:"Ein Gedenkstein für Sussy Dakaro" 2176:Transport infrastructure includes 1029:2020: First Indigenous Senior PSOs 25: 6546:"What to do on Great Palm Island" 6192:from the original on 8 March 2020 5621:from the original on 1 March 2020 5469:from the original on 1 March 2020 5283:McDougall, Scott (January 2006). 5169:from the original on 3 March 2016 4271:from the original on 2 March 2020 4077:. 26 January 2007. Archived from 3991:Police accused of Aborigine death 3682:Hunyor, Jonathon (9 March 2007). 3372:from the original on 3 March 2020 3341:from the original on 7 April 2019 3099:Joanne, Watson (1 January 1994). 3080:from the original on 6 April 2005 3002:McDougall, Scott (January 2006). 2748:from the original on 3 April 2016 2595:from the original on 4 March 2020 2426:from the original on 3 March 2020 1492:Road up Mount Bently, Palm Island 1386:on the island is provided by the 925:2004 Palm Island death in custody 736:organised to protest against the 720:Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement 474:Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement 190:Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement 180:, Australia. It is known for its 6797: 6294: 5984:Living Black (SBS TV, Australia) 5853:Gerard, Ian (21 November 2006). 5822:from the original on 8 July 2021 5369:from the original on 8 July 2021 5357:Mercer, Phil (4 December 2004). 5007:from the original on 1 June 2019 4934:Crawshaw, Ian (21 August 2009). 4831: 4778:from the original on 8 July 2021 4622:"Aboriginal and Island Councils" 4495:from the original on 11 May 2017 4240:from the original on 10 May 2018 4209:from the original on 12 May 2018 4146:from the original on 4 July 2009 4132:Guest, Annie (7 November 2008). 4113:from the original on 3 July 2009 4051:from the original on 3 July 2009 3968:. 25 August 2005. Archived from 3733:from the original on 8 July 2021 3716:Palm Island: Through a Long Lens 3684:"Law Seminar 2007: Stolen Wages" 3207:from the original on 8 July 2021 3109:from the original on 8 June 2016 3044:from the original on 8 July 2021 2539: 2361:from the original on 8 July 2021 1981:One of the findings of the 2001 1793:Indigenous Australians and crime 1309:supports tropical flora such as 985:Supreme Court of New South Wales 971:In late September 2006, coroner 883:newspaper hypothesised that the 488:Hull River Aboriginal Settlement 429:, Germany, aged about 17 years. 283:European settlement of Australia 5683:10.1128/AEM.50.5.1292-1295.1985 5646:. 22 December 1934. p. 13. 5421:Royal, Simon (7 January 2002). 5026:Horn, Allyson (20 April 2015). 4807:Australian Bureau of Statistics 4748:from the original on 1 May 2021 4722:from the original on 1 May 2021 4652:"Postcode search – Palm Island" 4301:from the original on 1 May 2021 4039:"Street seeks island 'feeling'" 4014:No charges over Aborigine death 3823:Wright, Patrick (9 July 2019). 2197:Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island 1887:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1008:Crime and Misconduct Commission 999:, a two-time councillor on the 981:Director of Public Prosecutions 578:Torres Strait Islander Act 1939 252:Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island 217:Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island 172:, is the largest island in the 127:55 km (21 sq mi) 36:Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island 6544:Warneke, Luen (3 April 2018). 6485:Boe, Andrew (6 October 2006). 5520:Dixon, Nicolee (August 2002). 5359:"Aborigines' dark island home" 5158:Stateline (Queensland edition) 4519:Australian Brumby Alliance Inc 3143:Australian National University 2852:Ellas Dehnen (15 March 2022). 2615:"Captain James Cook Biography" 2407:Townsend, Ian (1 April 2007). 2323:"Captain James Cook Biography" 2266:primary education locally and 2140:2004 death in custody and riot 2066:Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii 1772:Palm Island: Future Directions 1663:, making it an ideal spot for 1277:In April 2000 category 2 1203:Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 1017:Racial Discrimination Act 1975 811:Palm Island Aboriginal Council 806:Racial Discrimination Act 1975 608:1943–44: WW2 use as US airbase 241:Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 1: 6577:"Joyce Palmer Health Service" 6472:Boe, Andrew (21 April 2005). 6182:"Joyce Palmer Health Service" 5893:Cassidy, Andy (Spring 2005). 5531:. Research Brief No 2002/26. 5463:Palm Island Community Company 4626:Local Government and Planning 4443:Taylor, John (3 April 2000). 4228:Lily, Nothling (2 May 2018). 4134:"Jail for Palm Island rioter" 3587:Barceloux, Donald G. (2008). 2165:Infrastructure and facilities 1243:The island group lies in the 480:Chief Protector of Aborigines 18:Great Palm Island, Queensland 6318:Dillon, Colin (April 2000). 6314:, accessed on 15 April 2014. 5978:Leha, Tim (23 August 2006). 5732:Medical Journal of Australia 2240:Queensland Ambulance Service 2127:following the November 2004 1085:by Wallaby (Nullaree) Point 1035:Protective Security Officers 569:After 12 Oct 1939, when the 184:community, the legacy of an 6305:State Library of Queensland 6122:State Library of Queensland 4106:Australian Associated Press 3753:"Inquiry into Stolen Wages" 3401:Dunn, Peter (22 May 2004). 2562:State Library of Queensland 2305:that the child belongs to. 2233:Royal Flying Doctor Service 2169:In 2004 the army completed 2046:Palm Island mystery disease 1239:Aftermath of Cyclone Justin 761:Palm Island mystery disease 547:Queensland Attorney General 511:– later referred to as the 7299: 6762:First voyage of James Cook 6569:Bwgcolman Community School 6507:Martin, Toby (2014–2015). 6386:10.1177/000486588501800106 6013:"Palm Island PCYC webpage" 4557:(67): 4. 2 November 2010. 4481:"Palm Island animal abuse" 4259:Chen, David (1 May 2018). 2887:"Roslyn Poignant obituary" 1790: 1759:was started, based on the 1427: 1415:tourist information centre 928: 922: 854:Federal Court of Australia 792: 758: 717: 679:. US Navy Patrol Squadron 471: 399:, three of whom were from 29: 7255:*Places where Cook landed 7253: 7220:Sir Charles Hardy Islands 6795: 6638: 6630:Great Palm Island group, 6489:. The Brisbane Institute. 5459:"Community Justice Group" 5292:. Queensland Government. 4716:Library Technology Guides 3996:28 September 2006 at the 3070:"Palm Island – The Place" 2842:, 3 July 2017 (in German) 2446:"Palm Island (Bwgcolman)" 2409:"Privatising Palm Island" 2354:South Australian Register 1912:Crime prevention programs 1305:Great Palm Island's rich 1251:, and thus vulnerable to 1160:a settled area is inland 1076: 1073: 1053:and of a similar size to 1039:Queensland Police Service 718:For more background, see 597:Bringing Them Home Report 144: 135:548 m (1798 ft) 67: 55: 6496:Lessons from Palm Island 6118:Public Libraries Connect 2029:" sales are prohibited. 1697:Guinness Book of Records 1571:, chicken farm, disused 1249:tropical monsoon climate 1097:North East (Othoorakool) 935:Palm Island Class Action 885:Guinness Book of Records 871:Guinness Book of Records 868:The 1999 edition of the 862:Guinness Book of Records 696:. They were assigned to 539:1930 Palm Island Tragedy 118:Palm Islands, Queensland 7278:Great Palm Island group 6758:Australian places named 5193:"Palmed off and abused" 4843:16 October 2017 at the 4325:NNTT map QI2005_005.jpg 4019:2 February 2009 at the 3713:Watson, Joanne (2010). 3131:Watson, Joanne (2005). 2649:[2004] AATA 268 2153:On 10 January 2018 the 2060:to the water supply of 1989:Cape York Justice Study 1750:Palm Island Vision Plan 1655:and is rich in diverse 1082:Cannon (Numbullabudgee) 785:descent were affected. 231:. It consists of small 98:18.73633°S 146.617699°E 32:Palm Island, Queensland 7238:Prince of Wales' Isles 6522:. ANU Press: 131–153. 6500:The Brisbane Institute 6478:The Brisbane Institute 4903:Hirst, George (2001). 4815:2016 Census QuickStats 4295:Queensland Police News 3947:The Weekend Australian 3924:The Weekend Australian 2493:The Weekend Australian 2412:(Audio and transcript) 1757:Community Renewal Plan 1555:Indigenous Australians 1493: 1476:Deed of Grant in Trust 1363:There are hundreds of 1302: 1294: 1240: 783:Torres Strait Islander 558: 486:On 10 March 1918, the 377: 206:Torres Strait Islander 132:Highest elevation 6448:on 25 September 2007. 6426:on 25 September 2007. 6271:Queensland Government 5726:Prociv, Paul (2004). 5263:Queensland Government 5151:(29 September 2006). 3911:. London. p. 24. 3382:Created 22 April 2014 3200:The Northern Standard 2834:15 March 2022 at the 2700:Queensland Government 2452:. 12 September 2017. 2301:" and the particular 2064:to target a bloom of 1926:Queensland Government 1805:against children and 1791:Further information: 1672:James Cook University 1491: 1450:There is no freehold 1428:Further information: 1379:People and governance 1300: 1292: 1238: 1189:The surrounding ocean 801:racial discrimination 793:Further information: 755:1979: Mystery disease 556: 509:Torres Strait Islands 462:Queensland Government 446:Queensland Government 375: 248:local government area 198:Queensland Government 103:-18.73633; 146.617699 7283:Far North Queensland 7167:14 June – 4 August: 7007:Northumberland Isles 6368:Wilson, Paul Richard 5867:on 28 September 2007 5093:Palm Island Barge Co 4744:. 20 February 2020. 4366:"Interpreting Zones" 4004:, 27 September 2006. 3337:. 9 September 2016. 3307:. 16 February 2004. 3274:. 10 December 2015. 2979:. 9 September 2016. 2702:. 26 November 2014. 2651: (15 March 2004) 2283:Education Queensland 2224:emergency department 2097:traditional cultural 1977:Alcohol restrictions 1813:1985 Wilson analysis 1460:original inhabitants 1172:Palm Island airstrip 403:and five from Palm. 7052:Whitsundays Passage 6939:Double Island Point 6583:. 9 September 2019. 6343:. 2 September 2005. 6230:on 30 December 2006 6060:. 10 January 2018. 5675:1985ApEnM..50.1292H 4966:"About Palm Island" 4915:on 7 September 2007 4811:"Palm Island (UCL)" 4632:on 17 February 2007 4521:. 23 October 2018. 4424:on 7 September 2006 4372:on 27 December 2010 4205:. 5 December 2016. 4172:. 7 November 2008. 4109:. 24 October 2008. 4081:on 7 September 2006 4027:, 14 December 2006. 3640:2001EnTox..16..413S 3476:on 17 December 2013 3175:on 28 February 2020 2742:Community Histories 2416:Background Briefing 2268:secondary education 2212:Irukandji jellyfish 2178:Palm Island Airport 2155:Queen's Baton Relay 2001:Cape York Peninsula 1999:communities on the 1836: 1835:1976/77 to 1981/82 1827:criminal statistics 1776:Federal Governments 1653:tropical rainforest 1247:, and experience a 1119:Butler (Surrumbroo) 1070: 952:Palm Island Council 931:Trial of Lex Wotton 673:Patrol Squadron 101 401:Hinchinbrook Island 341:Phillip Parker King 229:Tropic of Capricorn 221:Northern Queensland 178:Northern Queensland 168:, usually known as 94: / 45: 44:(Great) Palm Island 7072:Cumberland Islands 6872:The Three Brothers 6595:. 10 October 2018. 6589:"PCYC Palm Island" 6516:Aboriginal Studies 6124:. 6 January 2017. 6040:National Nine News 5980:"Palm Island PCYC" 5830:– via Issuu. 5591:on 6 February 2007 5269:on 20 August 2006. 5197:CIS Media Releases 5191:(8 January 2007). 4970:SeaLink Queensland 4297:. 6 October 2020. 3972:on 6 November 2005 3366:Find & Connect 2781:on 9 December 2006 2621:on 15 October 2008 2329:on 15 October 2008 2295:Australian English 2159:Commonwealth Games 2050:cylindrospermopsin 1949:specialist group. 1902:colonial practices 1832: 1781:developing country 1744:Community planning 1640:financial literacy 1547:Aboriginal peoples 1494: 1358:introduced species 1303: 1295: 1241: 1201:, and part of the 1195:Great Barrier Reef 1068: 973:Christine Clements 852:filed 2016 in the 559: 543:Robert Henry Curry 504:Aboriginal reserve 454:Aboriginal reserve 378: 359:Colonial Secretary 186:Aboriginal reserve 174:Palm Islands group 7260: 7259: 7232:Possession Island 7126:Frankland Islands 7084:Magnetical Island 7035:Cape Hillsborough 6724: 6723: 6695:Great Palm Island 6434:(November 2005). 6303:published by the 6019:on 30 August 2007 5792:. 23 April 2018. 5556:on 16 March 2011. 4972:. 19 April 2021. 4686:Queensland Places 4555:Palm Island Voice 3759:. 1 August 2006. 3600:978-0-471-72761-3 3253:. pp. 16–21. 3152:978-0-522-84459-7 2950:on 23 August 2006 2526:978-0-241-01537-7 2450:Indigenous.gov.au 2264:State and private 2218:Health facilities 2125:Queensland Police 2087:Culture and sport 2022:licensed premises 1984:Fitzgerald report 1947:domestic violence 1882: 1881: 1799:domestic violence 1693:Aboriginal elders 1598:is ideal for the 1587:economic loss to 1481:All homes are on 1440:Indigenous origin 1164: 1163: 979:, the Queensland 624:flying boats and 618:naval air station 612:In July 1943 the 602:Stolen Generation 339:In 1819, Captain 166:Great Palm Island 163: 162: 16:(Redirected from 7290: 7152:Cape Tribulation 7057:Pentecost Island 6933:The Glass Houses 6801: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6728: 6645:(AKA White Rock) 6624: 6617: 6610: 6601: 6596: 6584: 6572: 6553: 6540: 6527: 6513: 6503: 6490: 6481: 6461: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6440: 6427: 6425: 6419:. 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The Coolgaree 1934:criminal justice 1869:Serious assault 1837: 1755:In July 2000, a 1637: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1384:Local government 1262:passed over the 1221:Curacoa (Noogoo) 1071: 1023: 903:The Sunday Times 890:The Sunday Times 847: 839: 832: 828: 824: 524:penal settlement 458:penal settlement 456:that was also a 424: 390: 109: 108: 106: 105: 104: 99: 95: 92: 91: 90: 87: 60: 46: 21: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7256: 7249: 7169:Endeavour River 7062:Cape Gloucester 6899: 6815:Mount Dromedary 6807:New South Wales 6802: 6793: 6765: 6755: 6725: 6720: 6700:Havannah Island 6634: 6628: 6587: 6575: 6563: 6560: 6543: 6530: 6511: 6506: 6493: 6484: 6471: 6468: 6466:Further reading 6457: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6423: 6412: 6407: 6404: 6366: 6357: 6355: 6354:on 6 March 2012 6346: 6335: 6330:AIATSIS Library 6317: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6275: 6273: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6209: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6180: 6179: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6146: 6145: 6141: 6131: 6129: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6088:Gold Coast 2018 6082: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6011: 6010: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5990:on 10 June 2007 5977: 5976: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5891: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5624: 5622: 5617:. 6 July 2017. 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5566: 5565: 5561: 5553: 5539: 5524: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5428:The 7.30 Report 5420: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5390: 5389: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5281: 5274: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5119:"Accommodation" 5117: 5116: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5056: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5010: 5008: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4859: 4858: 4851: 4845:Wayback Machine 4819: 4817: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4593: 4591: 4590:on 2 March 2007 4582: 4581: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4485:The World Today 4479: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4399: 4398:on 21 July 2011 4390: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4179: 4177: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021:Wayback Machine 4012: 4008: 3998:Wayback Machine 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3943: 3942: 3931: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3888: 3887: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3861:. 9 July 2019. 3853: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3734: 3727: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3681: 3680: 3671: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3601: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3568:on 25 July 2011 3560: 3559: 3555: 3545: 3543: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3400: 3399: 3388: 3375: 3373: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3344: 3342: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3299: 3298: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3244: 3243: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3153: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3112: 3110: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3067: 3066: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2971: 2970: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2942: 2941: 2934: 2922: 2921: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2840:Deutschlandfunk 2838:by Jana Turek, 2836:Wayback Machine 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2775:News of the Odd 2769: 2768: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2694: 2693: 2676: 2668: 2655: 2643: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2552: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2511: 2510: 2501: 2489: 2488: 2469: 2459: 2457: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2260: 2220: 2203: 2170: 2167: 2148:drumming groups 2144:Bwgcolman Radio 2093:Western culture 2089: 2081:Closing the Gap 2035: 1979: 1971:Magnetic Island 1922:judicial system 1914: 1843: 1834: 1815: 1803:sexual assaults 1795: 1789: 1746: 1729:life expectancy 1727:and an average 1709: 1707:Social problems 1657:flora and fauna 1649: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1619: 1543: 1448: 1432: 1426: 1406: 1381: 1335:pawpaw (papaya) 1287: 1233: 1225:Fantome Islands 1191: 1055:Magnetic Island 1047: 1037:and joined the 1031: 1021: 989:Laurence Street 937: 927: 921: 916: 866: 845: 837: 830: 826: 822: 797: 791: 763: 757: 723: 716: 610: 476: 470: 442: 434:Roslyn Poignant 418: 384: 370: 337: 321: 303:Rainbow Serpent 291: 279: 260: 149: 102: 100: 96: 93: 88: 85: 83: 81: 80: 63: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7296: 7294: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7265: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7240: 7235: 7228: 7222: 7217: 7211: 7206: 7204:Forbes Islands 7201: 7199:Cape Grenville 7195: 7189: 7182: 7176: 7171: 7165: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7133: 7131:Fitzroy Island 7128: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7105:Rockingham Bay 7102: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7080: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7048: 7043: 7037: 7032: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7009: 7004: 7002:Shoalwater Bay 6998: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6979:Cape Capricorn 6975: 6968: 6963: 6957: 6952: 6946: 6941: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6914: 6907: 6905: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6891: 6886: 6884:Solitary Isles 6880: 6874: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6856:Point Stephens 6852: 6847: 6841: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6817: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6780: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6731: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6716:Pelorus Island 6713: 6710: 6708:Orpheus Island 6705: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Fantome Island 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6670:Eclipse Island 6667: 6664: 6662:Curacoa Island 6659: 6658:Chilcott Rocks 6656: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6619: 6612: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6585: 6573: 6559: 6558:External links 6556: 6555: 6554: 6541: 6528: 6504: 6491: 6482: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6450: 6432:Beattie, Peter 6428: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6364: 6333: 6328:(Available at 6315: 6290: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6258: 6252:The Australian 6241: 6215: 6203: 6170: 6139: 6105: 6075: 6045: 6030: 6001: 5967: 5935: 5929:The Australian 5918: 5878: 5860:The Australian 5845: 5833: 5807: 5777: 5718: 5706: 5649: 5632: 5602: 5576: 5570:The Australian 5559: 5537: 5529:Research Brief 5512: 5507:The Australian 5497: 5491:The Australian 5480: 5450: 5413: 5408:The Australian 5398: 5393:The Australian 5380: 5349: 5334: 5325: 5310: 5272: 5250: 5238: 5214: 5180: 5149:Beattie, Peter 5140: 5110: 5080: 5049: 5018: 4987: 4957: 4940:Gaia Discovery 4926: 4909:Magnetic Times 4895: 4883: 4849: 4798: 4789: 4759: 4733: 4703: 4673: 4656:Australia Post 4643: 4613: 4601: 4575: 4536: 4506: 4472: 4450:AM (ABC Radio) 4435: 4409: 4383: 4357: 4328: 4312: 4282: 4251: 4220: 4203:Brisbane Times 4187: 4157: 4139:PM (ABC Radio) 4124: 4092: 4062: 4029: 4006: 3983: 3953: 3929: 3914: 3896: 3891:The Australian 3876: 3846: 3815: 3774: 3744: 3725: 3705: 3669: 3618: 3599: 3579: 3553: 3522: 3513:"Strike of 57" 3504: 3479: 3453: 3443:on 24 May 2012 3420: 3386: 3352: 3322: 3289: 3256: 3218: 3186: 3151: 3123: 3091: 3055: 3029: 2994: 2961: 2932: 2926:The Australian 2910: 2877: 2844: 2821: 2810:on 2 June 2008 2792: 2759: 2729: 2717: 2674: 2653: 2632: 2606: 2574: 2532: 2525: 2499: 2467: 2437: 2372: 2340: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2303:language group 2299:Island English 2259: 2256: 2219: 2216: 2166: 2163: 2088: 2085: 2058:copper sulfate 2054:cyanobacterial 2052:released from 2034: 2031: 2007:(Qld) and the 1978: 1975: 1959:Fantome Island 1913: 1910: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1823:criminological 1814: 1811: 1788: 1785: 1745: 1742: 1721:domestic abuse 1708: 1705: 1681:basket weaving 1648: 1645: 1542: 1539: 1522:public housing 1498:market economy 1447: 1444: 1425: 1422: 1405: 1402: 1398:Australia Post 1380: 1377: 1286: 1283: 1268:flash flooding 1260:Cyclone Justin 1258:In March 1997 1232: 1229: 1214:fringing reefs 1190: 1187: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1051:Norfolk Island 1046: 1043: 1030: 1027: 923:Main article: 920: 917: 915: 912: 880:The Australian 865: 858: 790: 787: 759:Main article: 756: 753: 715: 712: 698:Fleet Air Wing 609: 606: 534:and reserves. 472:Main article: 469: 466: 452:"), a type of 441: 438: 369: 366: 336: 333: 320: 317: 290: 287: 278: 275: 259: 256: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 142: 141: 140:Administration 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 64: 61: 53: 52: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7295: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7252: 7245: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7186:Lizard Island 7183: 7181: 7180:Cape Flattery 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7115:Hillock Point 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7095: 7094:Cleveland Bay 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7067:Edgecumbe Bay 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6997: 6996:Cape Manyfold 6994: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6967: 6966:Breaksea Spit 6964: 6962: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6918:Point Lookout 6915: 6913: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6896: 6895:Mount Warning 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6861:Port Stephens 6859: 6857: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6717: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6680:Falcon Island 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6649:Barber Island 6647: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6633: 6625: 6620: 6618: 6613: 6611: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6550:Wanderstories 6547: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6456: 6451: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6422: 6418: 6411: 6406: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6325: 6321: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6272: 6268: 6262: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6245: 6242: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6204: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6140: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6109: 6106: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6046: 6041: 6034: 6031: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5922: 5919: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5834: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5808: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5650: 5645: 5644: 5636: 5633: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5611:"Palm Island" 5606: 5603: 5590: 5586: 5580: 5577: 5572: 5571: 5563: 5560: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5538:0-7345-2837-X 5534: 5530: 5523: 5516: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5498: 5493: 5492: 5484: 5481: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5451: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5417: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5295: 5288: 5287: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5239: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5215: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5189:Hughes, Helen 5184: 5181: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5081: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5050: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5019: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4988: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4927: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4760: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4602: 4589: 4585: 4579: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4439: 4436: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4326: 4321: 4319: 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Melbourne. 3537: 3533: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3472: 3465: 3464: 3457: 3454: 3439: 3432: 3431: 3424: 3421: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3353: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3323: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3134: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3095: 3092: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3068:Johnson B M. 3064: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3014: 3007: 3006: 2998: 2995: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2881: 2878: 2865: 2862:(in German). 2861: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2822: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738:"Palm Island" 2733: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2696:"Palm Island" 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2591: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513:Hooper, Chloe 2508: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496:. p. 19. 2495: 2494: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2286: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2228: 2225: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2171:A$ 10 million 2164: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121:Peter Beattie 2119: 2113: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2077:Close the Gap 2074: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1993:alcohol abuse 1990: 1986: 1985: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1807:alcohol abuse 1804: 1800: 1794: 1787:Law and order 1786: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1753: 1751: 1748:The May 1998 1743: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1682: 1676: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1661:tropical fish 1658: 1654: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1623: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1589:alcohol abuse 1584: 1582: 1578: 1577:market garden 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1490: 1486: 1484: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307:volcanic soil 1299: 1291: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1279:Cyclone Tessi 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:tropical zone 1237: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1159: 1157:Coolgaree Bay 1156: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1072: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1026: 1022:A$ 30 million 1019: 1018: 1012: 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 969: 966: 965:Peter Beattie 961: 958: 953: 949: 944: 942: 936: 932: 926: 918: 913: 911: 909: 904: 900: 896: 892: 891: 886: 882: 881: 876: 873: 872: 863: 859: 857: 855: 851: 842: 834: 820: 816: 812: 808: 807: 802: 796: 788: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 762: 754: 752: 749: 747: 743: 742:Cathy Freeman 739: 735: 730: 726: 721: 713: 711: 708: 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 678: 674: 668: 666: 665:aviation fuel 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 607: 605: 603: 599: 598: 592: 589: 585: 580: 579: 574: 573: 567: 564: 555: 551: 548: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 516: 514: 510: 505: 501: 497: 496:Mission Beach 493: 489: 484: 481: 475: 467: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 439: 437: 435: 430: 428: 425:died 1885 in 422: 417: 413: 409: 404: 402: 398: 394: 388: 383: 374: 367: 365: 362: 360: 355: 353: 349: 344: 342: 334: 332: 330: 326: 318: 316: 314: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 288: 286: 284: 276: 274: 271: 269: 265: 257: 255: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 213: 211: 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Retrieved 2327:the original 2317: 2287: 2280: 2276: 2261: 2248:fire brigade 2237: 2229: 2221: 2204:A$ 3 million 2201: 2194: 2175: 2168: 2152: 2143: 2137: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2072: 2070: 2043: 2036: 2018: 2008: 2004: 1988: 1982: 1980: 1951: 1939: 1915: 1899: 1883: 1850:Palm Island 1844:communities 1825:analysis of 1821:published a 1816: 1796: 1771: 1769: 1760: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1733:Helen Hughes 1725:unemployment 1710: 1702: 1685: 1677: 1669: 1650: 1624: 1593: 1585: 1562: 1559: 1544: 1536: 1526: 1506:Noel Pearson 1495: 1480: 1474:, through a 1456:Native title 1449: 1433: 1424:Demographics 1419: 1407: 1396: 1391: 1382: 1374: 1362: 1355: 1304: 1276: 1257: 1242: 1218: 1211: 1192: 1176: 1165: 1090:Bullumbooroo 1048: 1032: 1015: 1013: 1005: 993:manslaughter 977:Leanne Clare 970: 962: 945: 938: 914:21st century 902: 888: 884: 878: 877: 869: 867: 861: 850:class action 843: 835: 831:A$ 20,982.97 818: 804: 798: 795:Stolen wages 764: 750: 746:Billy Doolan 731: 727: 724: 714:1957: Strike 709: 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4666:23 February 4609:Dillon 2000 4568:23 February 4529:23 February 4499:23 February 4180:18 November 4150:18 November 4117:18 November 3808:28 February 3767:28 February 3737:28 February 3698:28 February 3517:Torres News 3497:28 February 3447:18 December 3084:18 February 3048:23 February 3022:28 February 2903:29 December 2859:Der Spiegel 2814:26 February 2785:26 February 2710:27 February 2670:Wilson 1985 2551:text from: 2460:27 February 2208:splash park 2062:Solomon Dam 1963:leprosarium 1961:, a former 1847:Queensland 1819:Paul Wilson 1761:Vision Plan 1665:eco-tourism 1625:In 2020, a 1600:aquaculture 1596:Halifax Bay 1514:Mick Dodson 1436:2016 census 1404:Settlements 1351:coral reefs 1319:rainforests 1285:Environment 1207:Halifax Bay 1183:Solomon Dam 908:Judy Spence 901:to remain. 864:controversy 827:A$ 8,573.66 773:and bloody 771:dehydration 653:coral reefs 630:flying boat 588:citizenship 419: [ 385: [ 289:Pre-contact 170:Palm Island 114:Archipelago 101: / 89:146°37′04″E 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1483:crown land 1452:land title 1446:Land title 1179:Bamboo Dam 1168:rainforest 997:Lex Wotton 929:See also: 895:slingshots 803:under the 779:Aboriginal 738:Dickensian 661:fuel tanks 563:bell tower 528:half-caste 520:Indigenous 492:Hull River 450:half-caste 325:James Cook 264:James Cook 225:Townsville 210:Queensland 182:Aboriginal 158:Queensland 86:18°44′11″S 7226:York Cape 7209:Bolt Head 7161:13 June: 7157:Low Isles 7140:10 June: 7019:Long Isle 7013:Pier Head 6832:Red Point 6789:Cape Howe 6666:Dido Rock 6394:145409894 6380:: 49–57. 6358:4 January 5547:1443-7902 4428:3 January 4402:4 January 4376:4 January 4350:4 January 3211:7 January 3179:7 January 3161:1833-7538 2625:4 January 2546:CC-BY-4.0 2365:7 January 2333:4 January 2258:Education 2039:influenza 1943:childcare 1855:Homicide 1765:first aid 1738:apartheid 1464:Bwgcolman 1337:and wild 1323:hoop pine 1311:mangroves 1199:Coral Sea 1045:Geography 775:diarrhoea 767:hepatitis 705:Milne Bay 513:Bwgcolman 427:Wuppertal 412:Cleveland 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