537:. When the kibble was pulled back to the surface after 10 minutes, all the candles were found to be extinguished. A mouse was then lowered to the level in a cage and again left for 10 minutes, but it was dead when the cage was returned. Candles were in turn sent down to the 115 fathom level, and these stayed lit, indicating better air at that level. Despite the risks, 13 miners descended the shaft to try to recover Kelly's body, but after several hours they returned to the surface without recovering it. The dead mouse, together with several sample bottles taken from below the 115 fathom level, were sent to London for examination. The examination was carried out by the eminent
684:
Reddicliffe and Dr Foster proceeded further down the shaft and reached a level about 10 ft (3.0 m) above the body of Robert Kelly in safety and lowered the testing apparatus with its candle alight, where they could see the body of Kelly, lying in the position described by the
Foxdale team during their previous descent. Just at the level of the body, the candle went out and Foster let the cage with the rat remain down for 5 minutes. When brought up it was not dead, though visibly affected. Captain Kewley and Clague volunteered to go down and get the body, but their request was refused by Dr Foster due to the
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749:. Careless miners would sometimes leave a candle end to burn away of itself, whilst in other cases the snuffing out could be imperfectly performed and the wick could go on smouldering, and eventually ignite inflammable material with which it was in contact. So it is quite easy to account for the ignition, and some facts ascertained at the inquest fully confirmed this belief. At the inquest, Captain Reddicliffe stated that he thought he could recollect no fewer than five similar occurrences in the Laxey Mine and two at other mines.
68:
61:
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688:. However it was thought possible to secure Kelly's body by means of a grappling hook. This action appeared to disturb the gas: Captain Kewley immediately began to feel unwell and had to be put into the kibble and taken to the surface. Foster and the rest of the recovery team who had stayed at the 115 fathom level also began to feel the effects of gas, and immediately returned to the surface.
1130:. The medal was awarded for the "self-sacrificing exertion and distinguished bravery" displayed under the most trying and hazardous circumstances in their heroic efforts to save life and succour the helpless in connection with the disaster. Governor Henniker was a Knight of Justice of the Honourable Order, and as such he had been requested to make the presentation on behalf of the
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immediately had breathing difficulties. They at once began to vacate the shaft. Those at the top got out without too much difficulty, but others arrived at the surface in a state of near collapse, and it soon became apparent that a large number of the miners who had made the descent were unable to return. A rescue party was quickly assembled, but were beaten back by the
40:
358:, subsequently being extended to over 100 fathoms (600 feet (180 m)) with levels extended respectively at 25, 40, 50, 60 and 70 fathoms north, and at 60 fathoms south. The 40 fathom (240 feet (73 m)) level was driven to 96 fathoms (576 feet (176 m)), passing through a long run of ore which was followed by a rich find of
635:
air, but would just do so on the addition of a third of its volume of fresh air. The mixture would then still be intensely poisonous, and would still be if diluted with four times its volume of fresh air. When diluted with nine times its volume of fresh air it would still be capable of rendering a man incapable of walking.
667:
683:
Foster, Captain Kewley and
Captain Reddicliffe, together with a party of miners, went down to the 115 fathom level, and before descending any further tested the air by lowering a tame rat in a cage, from platform to platform. Leaving most of the miners at the 115 fathom level, Captain Kewley, Captain
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but were found to be of no use; however the pumps and hoses were of significant help, enabling the rescuers to take a supply of clean air with them into the shaft. Led by
Captain Kewley the rescuers went deeper into the shaft, where several dead bodies were found, however no effort was made to remove
744:
At the time of the accident, it was common practice for miners to have a safety helmet with a candle held in its clay socket. Once nearly burnt out, the miner would stick up the end against the side of his working place, whether timbered or not, take a fresh candle from his bundle, and light it from
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Foster conducted further tests with mice which proved that things were much in the same condition; and it then seemed probable that the door at the 130 fathom level was open, allowing the air going down the main shaft to escape through this level to the succession of intermediate shafts which formed
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When the shift had finished work on
Saturday 8 May, all the doors on the higher levels should have been closed, so that the fresh air entering should have been sent through the bottom level of the mine. Initially Foster was at a loss to understand why with the aid of the closed doors the atmospheric
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It was found on testing the air, day after day, by lowering mice and candles from the surface, that the atmosphere of the mine was improving gradually under the influence of the natural ventilation. However it was not until 7 June that it was finally deemed safe for men to descend to the 130 fathom
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As the second sample was evidently the same in composition as the first, the hydrogen was not determined separately. The carbon monoxide was in each case determined colorimetrically with blood solution, and the hydrogen by passing over a glowing platinum spiral. The carbon dioxide formed by contact
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On making another descent on 15 May Dr Le Neve Foster examined all levels as far down as the 74 fathom level, where he found that a doorway had been left wide open. This proved to him that the entire volume of clean air entering the mine turned away at the 74 fathom level, and through that and the
513:
On
Wednesday, what had by then become a recovery mission recommenced, consisting of Foxdale miners with a Snaefell miner working as pilot. At that time six men were still unaccounted for, ten having been recovered the previous day and three on Monday evening. In order to clear the shaft as much as
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was £25,000, in 25,000 £1 shares. About 50% of the shares were taken up by shareholders of the former operator, and the other 50% by directors of the Laxey Mines, such as
Spittall and Henry Noble. The chief engineer of the mine (referred to as the Captain of the Mine) at this time was Henry James.
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Although none of the mine workings were re-opened, in 1955 it was thought that re-processing the spoil from the mines could extract a further yield of ore. A company, Metalliferous
Holdings Ltd, had been formed employing 22 men in the undertaking working around the clock. Spoil residue was tipped
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Once started upon a timber prop, the fire would have naturally spread to the adjacent supports, and would have continued to burn as long as plenty of air was available. When the combustion of the supporting frames so weakened them that they gave way under the weight of the waste material lying on
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The composition of the sample corresponds to a mixture produced by the combustion of wood or other similar material. Inhalation of air of this composition would produce helplessness (in a man) within about seven or eight minutes at most, and would soon cause death. A candle would not burn in such
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At the 115 fathom level the air was still deemed too poisonous for the rescuers, as shown by the immediate extinguishing of candles lowered further into the shaft. The Mine
Inspector tried to obtain a sample of air for testing, but was almost immediately overcome by the air and was quickly hauled
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Extraction of the ore had begun in 1856; the mine was originally worked by the Great Laxey Mining
Company until 1864. The Snaefell Mining Company was then formed to work the mine, but by the late 1860s it was in financial difficulties, and it went into liquidation in 1870. The whole mine was then
654:
Snaefell Mine consisted of a single working shaft mine, and in addition there was a wooden upcast shaft which followed the slope of
Snaefell Mountain in order to assist ventilation. The current of air to this shaft, so as to clear the bottom (171 fathom) level, was arranged by closing of doors
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The inspection of the mine revealed that the seat of the fire was at the 130 fathom level, where men had been engaged in putting in fresh timber, and not in the 171 fathom level, or in the levels above it, where machine drills were being employed. Thus, one can reasonably dismiss explanation
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On 10 May at 6 am, 40 miners reported for the early shift, 34 of these were required for the shift, and began descending into the mine using the ladders which were lashed against the side of the shaft. When they reached the lower parts of the shaft, they encountered the poisonous fumes, and
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which empowered the directors to sell their shares, to then have them re-sold to a third party, and then transferred to the original shareholders. A meeting of the shareholders was subsequently held; and the plan arranged was submitted to and adopted by the meeting. The difficulties of this
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possible before the recovery party descended, every available means of pumping air into the shaft was used. During the morning, the bodies of John Fayle, John Oliver, John James Oliver, John Kewin and Walter Christian were recovered, leaving only the body of Robert Kelly in the mine.
270:
554:
The articles which had been forwarded to the Home Office by Dr Le Neve Foster, H.M. Inspector of Mines, consisted of two dead mice and two samples of air contained in bottles. The bottles were closed by corks, which had been sealed and were found to be perfectly air-tight.
426:(1,026 ft (312.7 m)). This ongoing problem had become increasingly acute as the various levels were driven further from the main shaft. During the preceding two years the mine had had to be closed during the hottest part of the summer, usually in July and August.
712:
It had been ascertained that carbonic oxide occurred in certain rocks and minerals, however such gas had never been found as a natural constituent of the atmosphere of mines. It was evident, therefore, that the deaths of the victims of the Snaefell disaster was due to
1193:. At the end of May 1956 Amanda Mines took over Metalliferous Holdings Ltd with Metalliferous Holdings becoming a subsidiary of Amanda Mines. The operation yielded £60,000 in 1956. Production ceased in July 1958 as a consequence of a fall in the price of lead.
1184:
The venture was an initial success with the result that a Canadian mining company, Amanda Mines Ltd, proposed a merger with Metalliferous Holdings Ltd. An audit had found that approximately 400,000 tons of lead-zinc spoil was situated at the former pit heads at
342:
In the shaft the ventilation was natural, driven by the higher temperature underground compared to above ground. The general tendency of the air current was down the shaft to the bottom of the mine, and up through the various winzes (intermediate shafts) to the
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Following the disaster mining resumed, however the yield from the mine continued to decline. Following a substantial rock fall in the shaft in 1908 it was decided that the clearance of the debris would prove to be uneconomical and the mine was closed.
465:
arrived together with a doctor, but it was several hours before it was deemed safe even to enter the mine. When it was judged safe to re-enter, the first body of one of the miners, James Kneale, was discovered draped on the ladder. By piercing a
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them it would have caused a block at that level; the timber then burning in a sort of cul-de-sac, would not have received all the oxygen necessary for the complete combustion of the carbon; the result was that CO was generated in addition to CO
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had been used to extend the workings in the lowest part, and the mine had been inspected by the government inspector, along with the mine captain, on Friday 7 May, to check there was enough ventilation. Their findings were satisfactory.
437:
Miners had finished their shift on 8 May, and the mine was closed on 9 May. Due to inadequate safety measures a stray candle had been allowed to continue burning. This set fire to a nearby pit prop and started a fire in the
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balls and chemicals and then passed on to the flotation tanks where it was conditioned by more chemicals, automatically skimmed, and finally dried off into powder. Spoil was also brought to Snaefell from the former
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The mine was worked by a main shaft, which followed the dip of the vein. The shaft was rectangular, and divided into three compartments: the middle one was the ladderway; one other compartment was used for winding
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The timber in parts of the 130 fathom level was very dry, and would easily have caught fire. It would follow therefore as to how the ignition of the timber could escape the knowledge of the men during the shift.
1657:
Report to the Home Secretary on the Circumstances attending the Underground Fire at the Snaefell Lead Mine in the Month of May 1897, by C. Le Neve Foster, Esq., D.Sc., F.R.S., one of H.M. Inspectors of
1566:
Report to the Home Secretary on the Circumstances attending the Underground Fire at the Snaefell Lead Mine in the Month of May 1897, by C. Le Neve Foster, Esq., D.Sc., F.R.S., one of H.M. Inspectors of
580:. Mouse taken down into the mine and lowered from the platform at the foot of the 4th ladder below the 115 fathom level to a platform some 25 feet below it. Mouse had suffered and was killed at once.
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the upcast - without going to the lower levels at all. Foster was therefore of the opinion that this door should be closed if possible in order that the body of Robert Kelly could be brought up.
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The cost of extracting ore from the mine continued to plague operations, and in 1883, following continued financial difficulties, the Great Snaefell Mining Company also went into liquidation.
533:, Chief Inspector of Mines, arrived at Snaefell and began tests to determine the extent of poisonous gas which remained in the mine. Lighted candles were lowered to the 130 fathom level in a
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them as long as there was a chance of finding anyone alive. By 10 pm, three dead bodies had been sent to the surface, leaving 16 miners unaccounted for. The rescue was suspended at 11 pm.
366:, with another adit driven south to 70 fathoms. After a new working was opened at the 75 fathom (450 feet (140 m)) level in 1873, a substantial discovery of rich silver ore was made.
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was about 80 per cent saturated with carbon monoxide. An exact determination could not be made, as the light was failing at the time when the articles for examination were received.
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in the mine during further working in 1871. In addition an adit level was driven north at a distance of 160 fathoms (960 feet (290 m)) to intersect with a very large east–west
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The bottles containing the samples of air were both labelled as follows:-'Sample of air from shaft of Snaefell Mine just above 130 fathom level, 12th May 1897, C. Le Neve Foster.'
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was overcome and had to be hauled back to the surface. One of the Foxdale miners was also overcome, and they could not recover the body of Robert Kelly from the 130 fathom level.
393:, which had been registered on 24 December 1883. The principal shareholders were essentially those of the previous company, who had taken advantage of a clause in the company's
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The blood of this mouse had also the characteristic tint of carbon monoxide poisoning. The saturation of the hemoglobin was exactly determined and found to be 78.3 per cent.
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with the platinum corresponded exactly to the carbon monoxide known to be present, so that no appreciable proportion of methane or other hydrocarbons can have been present.
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pipe, it was possible to revive him sufficiently for him to be supported up the shaft. Two other miners were then rescued alive, but the second was in critical condition.
1664:
Bawden T.A., Garrad L.S., Qualtrough J.W., and Scatchard W.R. The Industrial Archaeology of the Isle of Man. Published by David & Charles, 1972. (out of print)
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the flame of the old one. He would then blow out the flame of the candle end, with the intention of using it as a "snuff" for igniting the fuse of some future
717:(CO), produced by timber burning in the mine. The next point for consideration was how the timber became ignited; and this involved two possible explanations:
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and Mr G. Williams under the Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act for the Inspection of Mines in the Isle of Man, the Medal of the Honourable Order of the
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The reason for the continued presence of the gas in the lower parts of the mine was found during a further investigation by Sir Clement Le Neve Foster.
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116:
60:
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238:. The mine reached a depth of 1,188 ft (362 m) and is remembered as the scene of the Isle of Man's worst mining disaster in 1897.
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current, which should have run into the bottom level, had not cleared the shaft so as to make descent below the 115 fathom level possible.
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level. The open end of the adit had been connected to a sloping wooden chimney on the hillside, by which means the draught was increased.
1670:
Lady Isabella and the Great Laxey Mine - Official Guide. Jointly published by the Manx Experience and The Manx Museum and National Trust.
285:(229 hectares) in area and was originally a portion of the Great Laxey Mining Company's property. The sett was surrounded by that of the
1667:
Industrial Archaeology of the Isle of Man - an Introduction. Produced by Manx National Heritage, 1993. Published by the Manx Experience.
562:
Mouse lowered into the mine in a kibble as far as 130 fathom level, came tip alive, but legs paralysed; killed on reaching the surface.
318:
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The air in the shaft was still proving to be restrictive to the rescue. Whilst trying to take an air sample at the 100 fathom level,
418:
By 1897 the Snaefell mine had become increasingly difficult to work, due to insufficient ventilation (the lowest depth of the mine
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724:
The spontaneous combustion of cotton waste impregnated with oil, which had been in use by the men who were working rock drills.
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1661:
Manx Mines, Rocks, and Minerals. Published by the Manx Heritage Foundation in co-operation with Manx National Heritage. 1994
704:. The bodies, except that of Robert Kelly, were identified by Captain Kewley following which they were released for burial.
551:
Sir, I beg to report as follows on the articles transmitted to me for examination in connection with the Snaefell disaster.
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At the pit head there was a washing floor, fitted with washing and dressing appliances, together with a 50 feet (15 m)
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was held on Monday 13 September 1897; it was announced that the Lieutenant Governor had been successful in obtaining for
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An inquest was opened at the Snaefell Mine on the afternoon of Wednesday 12 May, presided over by the coroner,
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level; however the rescuers were unable to reach it because of the air, and the search was again suspended.
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1159:
An illustration of how the spoil reside from Snaefell would have been crushed in a Ball mill.
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Oxygen - 15.52% Carbon dioxide - 4.26% Carbon monoxide - 1.10% Nitrogen and Argon - 79.12%
281:; the mineral vein was originally discovered in the bed of a stream. The mining sett was 567
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1114:
A meeting of the general committee of the Snaefell Mine Disaster Fund, presided over by the
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307:. The mine's buildings were the Mine Captain's house, two cottages, an agent's office, a
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The composition of the sample in the first bottle opened was found to be as follows:
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494:, and miners had arrived from there to assist, along with the Foxdale Mines Captain,
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The blood on dilution with water was found to have the pink tint characteristic of
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The search resumed the following morning, Tuesday. A box had been sent up from the
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17:
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levels above returned by the upcast shaft and vented back into the atmosphere.
544:, one of the foremost authorities on the causes of mining deaths due to gases.
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arrangement were eventually overcome, and 6,000 more shares were issued.
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level and the body of Robert Kelly was finally brought to the surface.
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bought for £4,000 by James Spittall, Alfred Adams, Thomas Wilson and
263:
219:
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The gas in the second (larger) bottle had the following composition
461:
Messengers were despatched for help; and around 40 miners from the
374:, directors of the Great Laxey Mining Company, who then formed the
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405:
Miners pictured at the Great Snaefell Mine, 1897. The redoubtable
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The operation of the mine was then taken on by the newly formed
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back up the shaft. The body of a miner was observed at the 130
1134:. The presentation took place at the Working Men's Institute,
328:
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A lighted candle stuck up against one of the timber supports.
569:
poisoning. Judging roughly by the tint, I estimated that the
273:
A view of the Mine Captain's House at the Great Snaefell Mine
322:
A view across the washing floors of the Great Snaefell Mine
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level and eight bodies had been recovered from the mine.
1242:
Spoil from the washing floors of the Great Snaefell Mine
1610:
Friday, 23 September 1955; Section: Front page, Page: 1
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into an automatic sieve and in turn fed into an 80-ton
486:, better suited to hauling bodies out of the shaft. A
675:
Continued efforts to retrieve the body of Robert Kelly
1427:
Isle of Man Examiner, Saturday, 14 June 1884; Page: 2
1254:
The house of the Captain of the Great Snaefell Mine
558:The first mouse examined was labelled as follows:-
335:pipes. The ore would be wound up in a rough wooden
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1639:Tuesday, 8 July 1958; Section: Front page, Page: 1
277:Snaefell Mine was situated at the eastern foot of
331:, and the other compartment for the pump and the
638:I am, Sir, your obedient servant, JOHN HALDANE.
641:The Under Secretary of State, Home Department.
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655:opening on to shafts from the higher levels.
498:. By 11 am, the rescuers had reached the 100
450:, which filled the lower parts of the shaft.
8:
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733:and conclude that the cause was explanation
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31:
1218:Mine Buildings at the Great Snaefell Mine
266:could be seen outcropping in the cliffs.
192:The Great Snaefell Mining Company Limited
1230:Mine workings at the Great Snaefell Mine
442:. The fire continued burning as long as
1301:
1208:
1172:. The process saw the spoil crushed by
1168:which the company had sourced from the
1116:Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man
254:. Early sites have been identified at
354:was originally sunk to a depth of 15
7:
1690:Underground mines in the Isle of Man
578:Snaefell Mine, No. 2, May 13th, 1897
1514:Mona's Herald, 19 May 1897; Page: 2
670:Workings of the Great Snaefell Mine
603:- 4.221% Carbon monoxide - 1.07%
27:Mine in Isle of Man, United Kingdom
525:Sir Clement Le Neve Foster arrives
25:
1452:, Saturday, 15 May 1897; Page: 4
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576:The second mouse was labelled:-
66:
59:
38:
1350:Wednesday, 12 May 1897; Page: 5
882:single (brother of the above)
848:single (brother of the above)
560:Snaefell Mine, No. 1, 13th May.
250:probably began as early as the
1128:Knight of St John of Jerusalem
899:married, one (adopted) child
311:and a carpenter's workshop. A
1:
1627:Friday, 15 June 1956; Page: 4
547:In his report Haldane stated:
376:Great Snaefell Mining Company
44:The Great Snaefell Mine 1900.
1415:, 19 September 1908; Page: 3
1138:, on Saturday 25 September.
1379:, 25 February 1871; Page: 4
967:single (son of the above)
446:was present; this produced
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1579:18 September 1897; Page: 5
1403:, 6 December 1871; Page: 4
1391:, 15 October 1873; Page: 2
531:Sir Clement Le Neve Foster
287:Great Laxey Mining Company
211:, also referred to as the
201:Manx mines - Snaefell Mine
106:Isle of Man, British Isles
984:married, eight children
246:Mining for metals on the
54:
37:
1290:Great Laxey Mine Railway
1103:married, five children
950:married, four children
933:married, four children
315:store was also erected.
1086:married, two children
646:OXFORD, May 19th, 1897.
391:Snaefell Mining Company
378:in 1871. The company's
209:The Great Snaefell Mine
80:Location in Isle of Man
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671:
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410:
409:pictured front center.
323:
274:
132:54.263000°N 4.462000°W
1685:1897 mining disasters
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490:had been sent to the
422:by this time was 171
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293:with the Great Laxey
272:
1069:married, one child
797:married, one child
761:List of those killed
529:On Thursday morning
222:located high in the
137:54.263000; -4.462000
1203:Great Snaefell Mine
1124:Captain John Kewley
429:In early May 1897,
230:, in the parish of
213:East Snaefell Mine,
128: /
74:Great Snaefell Mine
34:
18:Great Snaefell Mine
1608:Isle of Man Times.
1450:Peel City Guardian
1413:Peel City Guardian
1161:
777:Place of residence
672:
542:John Scott Haldane
411:
324:
275:
1589:Manx Mining Sites
1377:Isle of Man Times
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955:John James Oliver
819:William Christian
708:Cause of accident
228:Snaefell Mountain
226:on the slopes of
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16:(Redirected from
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887:William Senogles
836:Walter Christian
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463:Great Laxey Mine
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1299:
1294:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1153:
1144:
1132:Prince of Wales
1112:
1040:Frank Christian
785:Joseph Moughtin
774:Job description
763:
756:
715:carbon monoxide
710:
698:
686:carbon monoxide
677:
648:
645:
567:carbon monoxide
527:
448:carbon monoxide
416:
244:
136:
134:
130:
127:
122:
119:
117:
115:
114:
84:
83:
82:
81:
78:
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76:
75:
71:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1703:
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1693:
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1687:
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1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:Mona's Herald.
1629:
1612:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1516:
1454:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1352:
1348:Mona's Herald,
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Snaefell Wheel
1272:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
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1217:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:Subsequent use
1140:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:William Callow
1071:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
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1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:Robert Cannell
969:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:Edward Kinrade
918:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
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897:
894:
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888:
884:
883:
880:
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837:
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782:
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772:
769:
762:
759:
754:
726:
725:
722:
709:
706:
697:
694:
676:
673:
643:
601:Carbon dioxide
526:
523:
519:Captain Kewley
472:Diving dresses
468:compressed air
415:
412:
407:Captain Kewley
333:compressed air
243:
240:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
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185:
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112:
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26:
24:
14:
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2:
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1401:Mona's Herald
1397:
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1389:Mona's Herald
1385:
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1226:
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1209:
1196:
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1188:
1182:
1180:
1179:Foxdale Mines
1175:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Lord Henniker
1117:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
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1089:
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1079:
1076:
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1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
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1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:Edward Kewley
1005:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
904:Robert Lewney
903:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:William Kewin
852:
851:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:Louis Kinrade
801:
800:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:
760:
758:
750:
748:
742:
738:
736:
732:
723:
720:
719:
718:
716:
707:
705:
703:
702:Samuel Harris
695:
693:
689:
687:
681:
674:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
642:
639:
636:
632:
628:
627:
623:
620:
617:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
579:
574:
572:
568:
563:
561:
556:
552:
548:
545:
543:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
515:
511:
509:
503:
501:
497:
496:William Kitto
493:
492:Foxdale Mines
489:
485:
480:
477:
474:arrived from
473:
469:
464:
459:
457:
451:
449:
445:
441:
435:
432:
427:
425:
421:
414:1897 Disaster
413:
408:
403:
399:
396:
392:
387:
384:
381:
377:
373:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
340:
338:
334:
330:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
210:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
158:
155:
151:
146:
141:
123:004°27′43.2″W
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
62:
53:
48:
41:
36:
33:Snaefell Mine
30:
19:
1651:Bibliography
1650:
1649:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1607:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1449:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1347:
1183:
1162:
1145:
1113:
1057:Sandy Callan
1023:Robert Kelly
751:
743:
739:
734:
730:
727:
711:
699:
690:
682:
678:
661:
657:
653:
650:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:
621:
618:
595:
594:
592:Percentage.
591:
588:
585:
582:
577:
575:
564:
559:
557:
553:
550:
546:
539:physiologist
528:
516:
512:
504:
481:
460:
452:
436:
428:
417:
388:
385:
368:
349:
341:
325:
299:
276:
245:
224:Laxey Valley
212:
208:
207:
120:54°15′46.8″N
29:
1280:Laxey Wheel
989:John Kewley
938:John Oliver
622:Percentage
484:Laxey Mines
372:Henry Noble
260:Bradda Head
248:Isle of Man
236:Isle of Man
135: /
111:Coordinates
97:Isle of Man
1679:Categories
1297:References
1170:Gold Coast
1151:Re-opening
1091:John Fayle
1049:Sulby Glen
1032:Laxey Glen
995:kibble man
870:John Kewin
845:Abbeylands
828:Abbeylands
599:- 15.48%
571:hemoglobin
305:waterwheel
252:Bronze Age
148:Production
1166:Ball mill
747:explosive
607:- 0.48%
1591:, Gov.IM
1577:Manx Sun
1270:Snaefell
1263:See also
1100:Baldhoon
1097:waggoner
1066:Baldrine
1063:waggoner
1052:single
1046:waggoner
1035:single
1029:labourer
1018:single
1012:labourer
1001:single
998:Baldhoon
981:Baldhoon
978:waggoner
961:labourer
927:labourer
916:single
910:labourer
879:Baldhoon
876:labourer
865:single
862:Baldhoon
859:labourer
842:labourer
831:single
825:labourer
814:single
644:—
615:- 78.75%
609:Nitrogen
605:Hydrogen
488:telegram
431:dynamite
395:articles
360:lead ore
302:diameter
291:parallel
289:and ran
279:Snaefell
262:, where
256:Langness
153:Products
93:Snaefell
89:Location
50:Location
1646:Sources
1197:Gallery
1191:Foxdale
1110:Honours
1015:Agneash
964:Agneash
947:Agneash
780:Status
696:Inquest
476:Douglas
456:noxious
424:fathoms
380:capital
356:fathoms
258:and at
242:History
197:Website
189:Company
163:History
103:Country
597:Oxygen
535:kibble
508:fathom
500:fathom
444:oxygen
337:kibble
309:smithy
264:copper
215:was a
176:Closed
168:Opened
1658:mines
1567:mines
1187:Laxey
1174:steel
1136:Laxey
1083:Laxey
1080:miner
944:miner
930:Laxey
913:Laxey
896:Laxey
893:miner
811:Laxey
808:miner
794:Laxey
791:miner
613:Argon
458:air.
440:shaft
420:shaft
352:shaft
295:lodes
283:acres
232:Lonan
184:Owner
1189:and
768:Name
611:and
364:lode
350:The
345:adit
313:lead
220:mine
217:zinc
179:1908
171:1856
157:Zinc
771:Age
329:ore
1681::
1615:^
1596:^
1519:^
1457:^
1432:^
1420:^
1355:^
1304:^
1181:.
1118:,
1094:40
1077:29
1060:24
1043:39
1026:21
1009:22
992:32
975:41
958:22
941:57
924:27
907:24
890:46
873:29
856:24
839:21
822:26
805:38
788:28
757:.
737:.
339:.
297:.
234:,
95:,
755:2
735:1
731:2
20:)
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