1753:İzmir de kalan teyzemin kocası ECZACI YÜZBAŞISI AHMET i Yunanlılar işgal günü şehit etmişler böylece iki ihtiyar kadın yalnız başlarına ev bekçisi kalmışlar. «İzmir Askerlik Dairesi Başkanı olan KURMAY ALBAY SÜLEYMAN FETHİ İstanbul da Salkım Söğüt'te tekke sahibi kibar bir şeyhin oğludur. İşgal gecesi subay ve komutanlar kışlada toplanmışlar. Sabahleyin Yunanlılar kışlaya ateşten sonra bunları toplayarak gemiye götürürlerken hakaretlerde bulunmuşlar ve ZİTO VENİZELOS dive bağırtmak istemişler, SÜLEYMAN FETHİ BEY BAĞIRMAYINCA SÜNGÜLEYEREK KANLAR İÇİNDE YERE SERMİŞLER. Daha birkaç kişiyi ve bu arada teyzemin kocası ECZACI YÜZBAŞI AHMET ve HASAN FEHMİ yi de insafsızca şehit etmişler. Aldığı derin süngü yaralarına rağmen ilk anda ölmeyen Süleyman Fethi o civardaki rum hastahanesine kaldırılmış ve yaralan sanlarak bir koğuşa yatırıllmış. Bunu haber alan İzmir gençlerinden Karşıyakalı SÜREYYA İPLİKÇİ hemen hastahaneye koşmuş, Süleyman Fethi O nu görünce göz yaşları içinde ağır bir sesle başının üstündeki haçı ve Yunan sancağını göstererek, «— Ben bunların arasından» öleceğim..?» demiş. Süreyya Hastahanenin Başhekimi ile konuşmuş, insaflı bir insanmış ki verdiği izin ile gidin bir TÜRK SANCAĞI getirmiş Yunan Sancağı nm yerine O nu koyup haçı indirmiş, Süleyman Fethi bunu görünce gülümseyerek, «— Allahım sana çok şükür» sözleri ile ruhunu teslim etmiş.
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night lighting fires and beating drums in protest.The night before the landing all the Turks staying as lodgers in the Greek
Quarters of the 1st and the 2nd Cordon were massacred along with their families. For that reason none of the Turks dared to approach the Greek quarter in the morning. Therefore the accountants started giving all the 3 monthly payments to the soldiers and the officers to prevent money being stolen by the Greeks. Later, translations of proclamations issued by the Turks during this occasion, showed that the intention was not purely pacific resistance. The same night, several hundred prisoners, mostly Turks, were released from a prison, with the complicity of the Ottoman authorities and Italian major in charge of the prison. Some of them armed purchased arms from a depot near the barracks.
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1110:, which was berthed at Smyrna harbor, estimated 300-500 Turks killed with a total of 700-1000 casualties. Regarding the Greek casualties, he estimated 2 killed and 15-20 wounded soldiers, 20-30 killed and 40-50 wounded civilians Reverend Alexander MacLachlan, a Canadian in charge of the international college at Smyrna, estimated 500 Turks killed in his "Statement of an Eyewitness". He however mentions that his estimate on the evening of the landing was inaccurate and stated that if he made his statement a week later he would have given 800-1000 Turks killed only in the center of Smyrna on the first day. The estimates were far lower than the actual numbers as they did not count the dead thrown into sea. MacLachlan stated that:
2848:
831:, was ordering Muslim groups to commit excesses against the Greek population. The British intelligence was also informed of the deterioration of law and order in the area and the Italian role in provoking this situation. In early May, Venizelos reported instances of Italian–Turkish cooperation to the Supreme Allied Council and requested that Allied vessels should be sent to Smyrna. This request, although initially accepted by the council, was not carried out immediately. Under this context, the British Prime Minister and the Foreign Office were the main supporters of the Greek landing, with the purpose "to restore public order and forestall the massacres".
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1183:. This intention was already clear to some Turks after seeing which territories that Greeks had occupied. The Turkish reaction to these developments was anger, resulting in violence in the region. After the initial shock of the landing, Turkish groups started retaliating by committing excesses against the civilian Greek communities residing outside of the occupation zone. While there were large demonstrations against Allied Forces in Istanbul, in Anatolia the first armed clash between Turks and Greeks occurred on 28 May at
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officers were put into the ship's hold full of artillery carrier animals' dung and after the visit and the protest of a
Scottish officer they were put on the upper decks. During their imprisonment Greeks threw overboard and drowned anyone who went up to get air. These bodies were also washed up on the shore days later. MacLachlan also states that many local Armenians and
961:, received orders for the operation. The next morning, the landing force, consisting of 13,000 soldiers, as well as auxiliary personnel, 14 transport ships and escorted by 3 British and 4 Greek destroyers, headed to Smyrna. Zafeiriou's order to his soldiers, who learned about their destination only after the departure, was the following:
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in 1920 gave administrative control of the area to Greece, while Turkey would retain sovereignty, with permanent sovereignty to be decided after 5 years. The landing in Smyrna was sanctioned by article 69 also signed by the grand vizier of the
Ottoman Empire on behalf of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet VI.
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Some of our
Hospital staff had reported to me that the bodies of those killed on the Quay were stripped and thrown into the sea. I had ample confirmation of this, for some days following the occupation, as my only road into the city lay through the Turkish quarter and along the quay from in front of
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from May 27 until June 27, 1919. In many areas, Greek forces demobilized the
Ottoman police and then left the area resulting in Turkish mobs looting Greek property and killing Greek citizens. This was retaliation for atrocities committed by Greek soldiers and civilians in Smyrna and the surrounding
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MacLachlan's claim is also verified by Kaur. During the following days, many naked bodies of Turks were washed up on the shores of İzmir. Some of these were
Turkish military personnel and civilians. Turks were put in the prison ship "Patris". Zekai Kaur being a prisoner on the ship states that the
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According to the Inter-Allied
Commission of Inquiry, the casualties on 15 May were as follows: Greek army (2 killed, 6 wounded); 100 Greek civilians (20 killed, 20 drowned, 60 wounded); 300-400 Turkish civilians killed or wounded. Eyewitnesses in Smyrna reported higher civilian casualties among the
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On 15 and 16 May, countless acts of violence and looting targeted at the
Turkish people and their homes took place in the town. Fezzes were stolen, which prevented the Turks from leaving their homes. Many women were raped. Some people were murdered. These acts of violence and looting were committed
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and the barracks of
Ottoman troops. A Turk fired a shot (Smith indicates that no one knows who fired the shot) and chaos resulted with the Greek troops firing multiple shots into the Konak and the barracks. The Ottoman troops surrendered and the Greek regiment begun marching them up the coast to a
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blessed the first troops as they arrived at 08:00. A colonel, who had neither the will nor the prestige to force himself relentlessly on his men, was in charge of the operation and neither the appointed High
Commissioner nor high-ranking military individuals were there for the landing resulting in
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Violence and disorder followed the landing and Greek troops and Greek citizens of Smyrna participated in these actions. Some shops belonging to Jews were also plundered by Greek soldiers. For the days following the landing, Greek troops arbitrarily detained around 2,500 people. Looting of Turkish
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who was made a prisoner and put into the Greek transatlantic ship "Patris", on 15th of May 1919 and was among the prisoner column in the streets until they reached the cargo deck of the prisoner ship. He saw many among his column being pulled away, beaten, wounded and being killed where stopping
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On May 14, 1919, the Greek mission in Smyrna read a statement announcing that Greek troops would be arriving the next day in the city. Smith reports that this news was "received with great emotion" by the Greek population of the city while thousands of Turkish residents gathered in the hill that
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Wherever we may go, we must know that we are going to liberate our brethren under alien rule. The enthusiasm filling our hearts is fully justified but any improper manifestation of this enthusiasm will be entirely out of place. We must not forget that when we reach our destination we shall meet
1028:, marching with his hands up, veered out of line. He was hit by a Greek soldier's rifle butt on the back of his head. When he tried to stand up he was hit again and bayoneted, before the top of his head was blown off.This claim was also verified by first-lieutenant Zekai Kaur, a
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faced British diplomatic pressure to conduct an official inquiry. Court martial on August 15, 1919 led by the Greek High Commissioner for the violence on May 15 and May 16 pronounced 74 convictions (including 48 Greeks, 13 Turks, 12 Armenians and one Jew).
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that governed the area from 1919 until September 9, 1922. After the violence in May 1919, many of the allies began to limit their support for the operation: France and Italy all became resistant to permanent Greek occupation and the stillborn
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for the most part by a mob of Greeks from the town, although it has been proven that soldiers also joined in and that the military authorities took no effective measures to stop the acts of violence and looting until it was too late.
824:. Borders and terms of the Greek occupation were not decided but in early May 1919, the Allied powers supported Greek troops landing in Smyrna and moved a number of battleships into the area to prepare for the landing.
759:
sanctioned and oversaw the planning of the operation and assisted by directing their forces to take over some key locations and moving warships to the Smyrna harbor. During the landing, a shot was fired on the Greek
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the Konak to the U.S. Consulate. Every morning these naked bodies were strewn here and there along the water front awaiting burial, and my attention was called to others washed up on the south shore along towards
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The Greek occupation of Smyrna started the following day, where thousands were gathered on the seafront, waving Greek flags on the docks where the Greek troops were expected to arrive. The Metropolitan of Smyrna,
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Türk İstiklâl Harbi, Batı Cephesi, Yunanlıların Batı Anadolu'da İstila Hareketlerine Başlamaları, İzmir’in İşgali, Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın Samsun’a Çıkması, Millî Mukavemet'in Kurulması (May 15ıs – 4 Eylül
385:
1138:" and that he saw the bodies of a Jewish boy and the father of an Armenian student of his. They had been mistaken by the Greek soldiers and Greek locals as being Turks since some of them were wearing
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Admiral Calthorpe left the area on May 21 and on May 23, the Greek commander in the area went against orders issued by the Allies and Venizelos by ordering the expansion of military operations in
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meant death. While 2 Greek journalists were searching & shouting for him to take revenge on Kaur being a Greek-speaking officer in the Censorship Bureau. Kaur saw that a "bulky" priest,
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landing north of where they were to take up their post. As a result, they had to march south passing a large part of the Greek crowds celebrating the landing and also the Ottoman government
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the Italians landed and took over Antalya and began showing signs of moving troops towards Smyrna. When the Italians left the meeting in protest over other issues, British Prime Minister
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officers in the harbor reported seeing Greek troops bayoneting multiple Turkish prisoners during the march and then saw them thrown into the sea. Prisoners were forced to shout "
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were martyred with bayonets. Donald Whittall, a British citizen and one of the few neutral observers during the landing, remarked about the treatment of Turkish prisoners,
1082:. These operations initially did not face significant resistance, but ethnic violence erupted along the way leading to significant violence and chaos; particularly in the
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houses in the city and in the surrounding areas began on the night of May 15 and continued for many days after that. The Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry reported that:
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Turks, Jews and Europeans of other denominations. Everybody should be treated in the same way. In a little while they will become our brothers as if they were true Greeks.
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and significant violence ensued with Greek troops and Greek citizens of Smyrna participating. The event became important for creating the three-year-long Greek
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Dead bodies of Turkish civilians being dragged in the wet street to the cart, while Greek & other civilians watch in front of the Hotel Great Britain.
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While negotiations were still in progress, Venizelos informed Clemenceau of the deterioration of the situation in Aidin Vilayet, where the local governor,
187:
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1803:
1037:, with a cross in one hand and a knife in the other executed a Turkish soldier in front of the Greek civilian crowd cheering in Cafe Foti (Klonaridis).
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1993:
855:), and supported activities of the Society for the Defense of Ottoman Rights in Izmir. But he resigned under pressure of the Allied Powers. "Kambur"
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1966:
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was appointed as new governor on March 11, and retired general Ali Nadir Pasha was appointed to the post of military commander on March 22, 1919.
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1187:. This was between a small body of Turks and the Greek Army. Afterwards, Turkish guerrilla warfare flared up along the Greek line of advance.
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Inedited documents and evidence of English and French officers, published by the Permanent bureau of the Turkish Congress in Lausanne
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from the first started showing the signs that they had not come for a temporary occupation but rather for a permanent annexation; to
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was the primary commander for the operation involving British, U.S, French, Italian, and Greek forces. On May 11, 1919, Rear Admiral
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pushed a concocted report in the peace negotiations alleging that the Christian populations were under direct threat to convince
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The Unionist Factor: the Rôle of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement, 1905–1926, BRILL, 1984,
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81:
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Greek Occupation of Izmir and Adjoining Territories: Report of the Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry (May–September 1919)
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Greek Occupation of Izmir and Adjoining Territories: Report of the Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry (May–September 1919)
1340:"Britain and the Greek-Turkish War and Settlement of 1919-1923: the Pursuit of Security by "Proxy" in Western Asia Minor"
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1407:"Documents of the Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry into the Greek Occupation of Smyrna and Adjoining Territories"
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751:) was a military operation by Greek forces starting on May 15, 1919 which involved landing troops in the city of
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In the early weeks of May 1919, Allied warships entered the area to prepare for the operation. British Admiral
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the Turkish troops comprising about 3,000 men were to remain confined to their barracks behind the Konak.
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1017:. But Whittall estimated that thirty unarmed prisoners were slaughtered. The captain of
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miscommunication and a breakdown of discipline. Most significantly, this resulted in the
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International Legal Movements Against War Crimes, Terrorism, and Genocide, 1919--1948
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71:
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2182:
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1889:"How Scholars Unremembered the Assyrian and Greek Genocides in the Ottoman Empire"
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1888:
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Kinkaid of the Seventh Fleet: a biography of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, U.S. Navy
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1861:, Cilt I-II, Üçüncü Basım, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001,
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population in Eastern Anatolia. The Greek occupation ended when Turkish forces
41:
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1978:
1695:] (in Turkish). İstanbul, Türkiye: Kırmızı Kedi Yayınevi. pp. 32–37.
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The Last Century of Sea Power, Volume 1: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922
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143:
377:
96:
83:
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What I have seen and been through - The Ten Years War (1912-1922) and After
1751:] (in Turkish). İstanbul, Türkiye: İnsel Yayınları. pp. 355–361.
1413:
3047:
3042:
3027:
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1079:
1075:
884:
131:
1942:"Greece in Asia Minor: The Greek Administration in the Vilayet of Aydin"
1482:
Son Yüzyıllarda İzmir ve Batı Anadolu Uluslararası Sempozyumu tebliğleri
1363:"Greece in Asia Minor: The Greek Administration in the Vilayet of Aydin"
3062:
3057:
3037:
3022:
3017:
2933:
924:
900:
892:
139:
135:
1015:"They were made to go through no humiliation and received a good deal"
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3102:
3088:
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2929:
954:
821:
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1923:
Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920)
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On the other hand it fuelled the Turkish nationalist movement under
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3002:
2997:
2972:
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1880:, Cilt 2, Kısım. 1, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1963.
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After the skirmishes, in front of the Hotel Great Britain, Greek
3245:
1339:
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1982:
1446:
The Greek-Turkish War, 1918–23: an Australian press perspective
381:
2767:
1973:
Greek atrocities in the Vilayet of Smyrna (May to July 1919)
1576:
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843:) was organized to prepare for the arrival of Greek troops.
788:, the allies began a series of peace talks focused on the
915:
Greek troops marching on Izmir's coastal street, May 1919
839:
The Society for the Defense of Ottoman Rights in Smyrna (
1745:
Görüb Geçirdiklerim -10 YIL SAVAŞ 1912-1922 VE, SONRASI
1693:
Efes' Rebellion - The Resistance of the National Forces
949:
On the afternoon of May 11, 1919, the Commander of the
1918:, C. Hurst, 1999, London, New edition, 2nd impression.
1521:"The Making of the Treaty of Sèvres of 10 August 1920"
1090:
When the atrocities were exposed and condemned by the
300:
30–40 killed (killed in captivity or during surrender)
1915:
Ionian Vision : Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922.
1768:, Center for Strategic Research (SAM), 1999, page 20.
1190:
The Greeks created a system of administration in the
1005:
or Pharmacist Captain Ahmet Bey, the uncle-in-law of
309:
300-400 Turkish civilians killed or wounded (minimum)
2144:
United States during the Turkish War of Independence
1299:, Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy, 1995,
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2016:
1295:Gerald E. Wheeler, Naval Historical Center (U.S.),
887:on a battleship. The British forces later occupied
780:At the end of World War I (1914–1918) and with the
1368:. University of London, King's College. p. 54
1805:A Potpourri of Sidelights and Shadows from Turkey
931:passing through the corpses of Turkish civilians.
2954:(1918–23 with France, Italy and United Kingdom)
1112:
1043:
963:
21:
368:10: Commander of the 173rd Infantry Regiment (
2783:
1994:
1733:See: Michael Llewellyn Smith, 1999, pg. 89-90
1568:See: Michael Llewellyn Smith, 1999, pg. 88-92
1514:
1512:
393:
362:9: Commander of the 172nd Infantry Regiment (
8:
3531:Battles of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
1826:. Oxford University Press. pp. 241–243.
1776:
1774:
1468:See: Michael Llewellyn Smith, 1999, page 90.
903:, Greek forces occupied Yenikale fortress.
3347:Provisional Government of National Defence
2790:
2776:
2768:
2631:
2230:
2001:
1987:
1979:
1670:See: Michael Llewellyn Smith, 1999, pg. 88
1495:
1493:
1476:
1474:
1241:Outline and timeline of the Greek genocide
1001:".The ones who did not shout like Colonel
400:
386:
378:
18:
1893:Hidden Genocides:Power, Knowledge, Memory
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1715:See: Michael Llewellyn Smith 1999, pg. 91
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
841:İzmir Müdafaa-i Hukuk-ı Osmaniye Cemiyeti
1626:The End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1923
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1181:incorporate western Anatolia into Greece
1689:Efeler İsyanı - Kuvayi Milliye Direnişi
1251:
1136:victims of that day and night of terror
3342:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
1947:. University of London, King's College
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1142:, which suggested they were Turkish.
1103:Turks. The U.S. Naval Officer of the
989:ship to serve as a temporary prison.
877:US Naval Detachment in Turkish Waters
307:100 Greek civilians killed or wounded
7:
1925:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
1405:Inter-Allied Commission of Inquiry.
1342:. University of Glasgow. p. 108
1278:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003,
1274:George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton:
1009:and many others like the journalist
953:of the Hellenic Army, positioned in
3438:Convention of Constantinople (1881)
2952:Constantinople, Zone of the Straits
1811:. Kingston, Canada. pp. 77–78.
3272:Party of Radicals (Ionian Islands)
1484:, Akademi Kitabevi, 1994, page 98
1320:, Indiana University Press, 2009,
790:Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
14:
1503:, A. H. Yaşaroğlu, 1960, page 12
3241:Northern Epirus Liberation Front
2846:
2727:Conference of London (1921–1922)
1259:Smyrna is taken away from Turkey
207:
193:
181:
166:
40:
3443:Treaty of Constantinople (1897)
2253:First Offensive of Sulaymaniyah
2024:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
1171:depicting the landing at Smyrna
250:Lt. Colonel Alexandros Schinas⁵
3448:Greek-Serbian Alliance of 1913
3428:Greek-Serbian Alliance of 1867
2123:Grand National Assembly (1923)
2118:Grand National Assembly (1920)
1940:Solomonidis, Victoria (1984).
1824:The Emergence of Modern Turkey
1361:Solomonidis, Victoria (1984).
1070:Greek troops loading artillery
847:was appointed governor of the
768:and was a major spark for the
130:Greek army extends to capture
1:
3561:History of Balıkesir Province
3377:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
2204:Ankara Government and Georgia
1895:. New Brunswick, New Jersey.
1802:MacLachlan, Alexander (937).
1338:Eleftheria, Daleziou (2002).
770:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
125:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
3362:Occupation of Constantinople
3231:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
2584:Liberation of Constantinople
2317:Liberation of Constantinople
1654:Solomonidis, 1984, pg. 52-53
1444:Stavros T. Stavridis :
1062:A photo of the Greek landing
794:Paris Peace Conference, 1919
786:Ottoman front of World War I
755:and surrounding areas. The
3481:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
3475:Venizelos–Tittoni agreement
3352:National Defence Army Corps
2942:(1914–17, 1919–21, 1940–41)
2707:Conference of London (1920)
2010:Turkish War of Independence
737:Ελληνική απόβαση στη Σμύρνη
322:1/38 National Guard Command
34:Turkish War of Independence
29:Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
3617:
3536:1919 in the Ottoman Empire
3503:Treaty of Guarantee (1960)
3458:Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
2218:Yalova Peninsula massacres
2062:Sultanahmet demonstrations
1519:Montgomery, A. E. (1972).
1501:Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihi
1149:
895:, French forces occupied
3601:Military history of İzmir
3556:History of İzmir Province
3551:History of Aydın Province
3493:Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
3307:1878 Macedonian rebellion
3292:Cretan revolt (1866–1869)
3287:1867 Macedonian rebellion
3282:1854 Macedonian rebellion
2844:
2828:Greek War of Independence
2754:
2113:Ottoman Parliament (1919)
2052:Turkish National Movement
1887:Travis, Hannibal (2014).
1743:Altay, Fahrettin (1970).
1645:Solomonidis, 1984, pg. 52
1589:Solomonidis, 1984, pg. 47
1580:Solomonidis, 1984, pg. 43
1537:10.1017/S0018246X0000354X
800:and Greek Prime Minister
736:
421:
313:
306:
289:
276:
234:Dionysios Stavrianopoulos
220:
159:
54:
39:
26:
3407:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
3317:Greco-Turkish War (1897)
3181:Alexandros Koumoundouros
2514:Summer Offensive of 1920
2307:Summer Offensive of 1920
1092:British House of Commons
1024:reported that a Turkish
869:Somerset Gough-Calthorpe
851:and Aidin Area Command (
3453:Treaty of London (1913)
3433:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
3423:Treaty of London (1864)
3367:Greek landing at Smyrna
2948:(1919–22 as dependency)
2833:First Hellenic Republic
2554:Liberation of Balıkesir
2355:Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur
2097:Grand National Assembly
1910:Michael Llewellyn-Smith
1822:Lewis, Bernard (1961).
1448:, Gorgias Press, 2008,
1276:Islam at war: a history
853:Aydın Bölge Komutanlığı
729:Greek landing at Smyrna
22:Greek landing at Smyrna
3498:Treaty of Paris (1947)
3186:Dimitrios Kalapothakis
3166:Aristotelis Valaoritis
2813:Fall of Constantinople
2737:Conference of Lausanne
2697:Treaty of Alexandropol
2654:Paris Peace Conference
1525:The Historical Journal
1499:Enver Behnan Şapolyo:
1216:on September 9, 1922.
1214:entered Smyrna (İzmir)
1206:large scale atrocities
1172:
1127:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1048:
1035:Chrysostomos of Smyrna
977:Chrysostomos of Smyrna
968:
946:
932:
916:
857:Kurd Ahmed Izzet Pasha
744:
221:Commanders and leaders
3566:20th century in İzmir
3337:Himara revolt of 1912
3302:Epirus Revolt of 1878
3277:Epirus Revolt of 1854
3221:Themistoklis Sofoulis
3211:Eleftherios Venizelos
2579:Bombardment of Samsun
2149:Bombardment of Samsun
2034:King–Crane Commission
1687:Aksoy, Yaşar (2021).
1160:1921 illustration by
1159:
1069:
1061:
1053:
951:1st Infantry Division
938:
922:
914:
802:Eleftherios Venizelos
531:1920 Summer Offensive
458:1920 Summer Offensive
358:Ottoman 56th Division
346:5th Infantry Regiment
340:4th Infantry Regiment
290:Casualties and losses
282:Up to 15,000 soldiers
254:Konstantinos Tsakalos
3382:Great Fire of Smyrna
3297:Cretan revolt (1878)
3176:Macedonian Committee
3154:People/Organizations
2893:North Aegean islands
2732:Armistice of Mudanya
2712:Cilicia Peace Treaty
2644:Conference of London
1845:Travis, 2014, p. 318
1836:Travis, 2014: p. 317
1231:Occupation of Smyrna
1152:Occupation of Smyrna
1124:Alexander MacLachlan
1087:area against Turks.
995:Long live Venizelos!
982:1/38 Evzone Regiment
766:Occupation of Smyrna
762:1/38 Evzone Regiment
586:Turkish–Armenian War
356:8: Commander of the
350:7: Commander of the
344:6: Commander of the
338:5: Commander of the
332:4: Commander of the
320:2: Commander of the
314:1: Commander of the
246:Haralambos Tseroulis
119:occupation of Smyrna
48:1/38 Evzone Regiment
3312:Macedonian Struggle
3256:Dimitrios Ioannidis
3191:Stephanos Dragoumis
2649:San Remo conference
2270:Battle of Babaçiçek
2213:Samsun deportations
2208:Population exchange
2199:Personae non gratae
1784:], ProQuest, 2008,
875:, the Commander of
782:Armistice of Mudros
749:Occupation of İzmir
97:38.4186°N 27.1392°E
93: /
16:Military engagement
3586:Landing operations
3571:History of Ayvalık
3387:1931 Cyprus Revolt
3372:Republic of Pontus
3236:Theodoros Pangalos
3226:Nikolaos Plastiras
2992:Cappadocian Greeks
2936:(1912–13, 1920–23)
2742:Treaty of Lausanne
2345:Kuva-yi Inzibatiye
2077:Balıkesir Congress
1921:Zekeriya Türkmen,
1419:on October 5, 2018
1173:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1003:Süleyman Fethi Bey
959:Nikolaos Zafeiriou
947:
942:The New York Times
933:
917:
798:David Lloyd George
617:Franco-Turkish War
352:Ottoman XVII Corps
326:3: Captain of the
316:Greek 1st Division
228:Nikolaos Zafeiriou
50:at the Smyrna quay
3526:Conflicts in 1919
3511:
3510:
3469:Protocol of Corfu
3397:Greco-Italian War
3135:Greek nationalism
2838:Kingdom of Greece
2765:
2764:
2750:
2749:
2623:
2622:
2559:Capture of Smyrna
2335:Koçgiri rebellion
2275:Özdemir Operation
2265:Tal Afar uprising
2166:Burning of Smyrna
2082:Alaşehir Congress
2029:Khilafat Movement
1780:Mark Alan Lewis:
1634:978-0-582-28763-1
1628:, Longman, 1998,
999:Long live Greece!
907:The Greek landing
835:Turkish reactions
724:
723:
551:Kütahya–Eskişehir
476:Greco-Turkish War
428:Anglo-Turkish War
376:
375:
334:Division Regiment
155:
154:
3608:
3596:Greek war crimes
3487:Treaty of Sèvres
3463:Treaty of Athens
3402:Cyprus Emergency
3171:Ethniki Etaireia
3161:Ioannis Kolettis
2971:which included:
2850:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2717:Treaty of Ankara
2702:Treaty of Moscow
2677:Treaty of Sèvres
2632:
2451:Alemdar Incident
2297:Şehzadebaşı raid
2288:Eskişehir (1920)
2248:Al-Jazeera Front
2231:
2193:Menemen massacre
2178:Kaç Kaç incident
2072:Erzurum Congress
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1936:
1906:
1883:
1875:Hakkı Güvendik,
1872:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1778:
1769:
1762:
1756:
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1740:
1734:
1731:
1716:
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1707:
1706:
1684:
1671:
1668:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1599:Erik-Jan Zürcher
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1569:
1566:
1549:
1548:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1480:Tuncer Baykara:
1478:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1412:. Archived from
1411:
1402:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1335:
1329:
1316:H. P. Willmott:
1314:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1272:
1266:
1256:
1197:Treaty of Sèvres
1170:
1125:
845:Nur-ud Din Pasha
816:takeover of the
738:
416:
415:
402:
395:
388:
379:
213:
211:
210:
203:
199:
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196:
186:
185:
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103:
102:38.4186; 27.1392
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
56:
55:
44:
32:campaign of the
19:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3591:Battles in 1919
3576:May 1919 events
3516:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3411:
3260:
3251:Georgios Grivas
3206:Military League
3149:
3123:
3094:Eastern Rumelia
2957:
2940:Northern Epirus
2916:
2910:
2851:
2842:
2801:
2796:
2766:
2761:
2746:
2688:
2681:
2658:
2619:
2588:
2565:
2544:Great Offensive
2455:
2397:
2364:
2350:Battle of Geyve
2340:Konya rebellion
2321:
2222:
2127:
2101:
2092:Amasya Protocol
2067:Amasya Circular
2057:Karakol society
2044:
2038:
2012:
2007:
1963:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1903:
1886:
1881:
1870:
1859:Komutan Atatürk
1854:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1779:
1772:
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1759:
1742:
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1714:
1710:
1703:
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1572:
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1504:
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1337:
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1332:
1315:
1311:
1294:
1290:
1273:
1269:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1222:
1164:
1162:Vittorio Pisani
1154:
1148:
1126:
1123:
1084:Battle of Aydın
1007:Fahrettin Altay
909:
873:Mark L. Bristol
865:
837:
784:that ended the
778:
745:İzmir'in İşgali
725:
720:
719:
561:Great Offensive
417:
412:
409:
408:
406:
367:
361:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
319:
308:
301:
296:
271:
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263:Ali Nadir Pasha
261:
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240:Elias Mavroudis
237:
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194:
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117:Greek victory:
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31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3593:
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3548:
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3541:1919 in Greece
3538:
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3518:
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3509:
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3490:
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3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Greece in WWII
3389:
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3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
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3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Theriso revolt
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
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3253:
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3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:Penelope Delta
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Kostis Palamas
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3178:
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3168:
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3157:
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3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2927:
2924:Eastern Thrace
2920:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2899:Western Thrace
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2863:Ionian Islands
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Ottoman Greece
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2748:
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2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2722:Treaty of Kars
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
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2682:
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2596:
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2243:Constantinople
2239:
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2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2190:
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2180:
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2174:
2173:
2171:Responsibility
2163:
2161:Fire of Manisa
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
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2125:
2120:
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2103:
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2100:
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2094:
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2087:Sivas Congress
2084:
2079:
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2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
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2005:
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1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1961:External links
1959:
1958:
1957:
1937:
1919:
1907:
1901:
1884:
1873:
1857:Celal Erikan,
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1531:(4): 775–787.
1508:
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1288:
1267:
1265:, 17 May 1919.
1263:New York Times
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1150:Main article:
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945:, May 17, 1919
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3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
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3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Aidin Vilayet
3544:
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3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
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3408:
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3383:
3380:
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3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Greece in WWI
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Balkan League
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
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3273:
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3257:
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3249:
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3209:
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3169:
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3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3140:Hellenization
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:Armenia Minor
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
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3006:
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2999:
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2700:
2698:
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2675:
2673:
2672:Misak-ı Millî
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
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2633:
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2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Artvin (1921)
2603:
2601:
2600:Artvin (1919)
2598:
2597:
2595:
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2585:
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2580:
2577:
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2328:
2324:
2318:
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2312:Chanak crisis
2310:
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2159:
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2156:Chanak crisis
2154:
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2147:
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2139:Amasya trials
2137:
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2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:975-16-1372-8
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1902:9780813561646
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1867:975-458-288-2
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1764:Çağrı Erhan:
1761:
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1739:
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1702:9786052989890
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1609:90-04-07262-4
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1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:Mustafa Kemal
1198:
1193:
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939:Article from
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898:
894:
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886:
882:
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858:
854:
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849:Aidin Vilayet
846:
842:
834:
832:
830:
825:
823:
819:
818:Aidin Vilayet
815:
812:to support a
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
757:Allied powers
754:
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712:
709:
706:
705:
702:
699:
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689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:Ahmet Anzavur
674:
673:
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468:Chanak crisis
466:
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383:
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371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
312:
305:
302:40–60 wounded
299:
294:
293:
288:
284:
281:
280:
275:
270:
264:
260:
257:
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247:
241:
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137:
133:
129:
126:
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121:
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115:
112:
111:
106:
77:
73:
72:Aidin Vilayet
69:
66:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
35:
30:
25:
20:
3513:
3366:
3196:Pavlos Melas
3114:Sazan island
2917:acquisitions
2756:
2469:Smyrna, 1919
2468:
2393:Alexandropol
2197:
2183:Malta exiles
1969:, SAM, 1999.
1949:. Retrieved
1935:(in Turkish)
1922:
1914:
1892:
1882:(in Turkish)
1876:
1871:(in Turkish)
1858:
1852:Bibliography
1841:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1804:
1797:
1781:
1765:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1711:
1692:
1688:
1650:
1641:
1625:
1620:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1528:
1524:
1505:(in Turkish)
1500:
1486:(in Turkish)
1481:
1464:
1445:
1421:. Retrieved
1414:the original
1377:
1370:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1333:
1317:
1312:
1296:
1291:
1275:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1236:Hasan Tahsin
1210:Pontic Greek
1208:against the
1189:
1174:
1135:
1128:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1094:on 26 June,
1089:
1073:
1044:
1039:
1020:
1014:
1011:Hasan Tahsin
998:
994:
973:
969:
964:
948:
940:
866:
863:Allied fleet
852:
840:
838:
826:
820:centered in
779:
748:
728:
726:
707:
666:
615:
609:Alexandropol
584:
483:
474:
426:
413:Independence
297:6–20 wounded
252:Lt. Colonel
244:Lt. Colonel
232:Lt. Colonel
176:
160:Belligerents
116:
62:May 15, 1919
27:Part of the
3581:Megali Idea
3332:Balkan Wars
3068:Paphlagonia
2962:Other areas
2946:Smyrna Zone
2856:Annexations
2799:Megali Idea
1792:, page 115.
1624:L. Macfie,
1286:, page 131.
1226:Megali Idea
1192:Smyrna Zone
1165: [
1134:were also "
1030:Cretan Turk
879:), came to
715:1922 Samsun
453:1920 Samsun
441:Şehzadebaşı
100: /
46:Men of the
3520:Categories
2988:Cappadocia
2969:Asia Minor
2905:Dodecanese
2823:Greek Plan
2806:Background
2628:Agreements
2549:Dumlupınar
2473:Occupation
2441:Kanlıgeçit
1790:1109079222
1454:1593339674
1423:October 2,
1328:, page 332
1326:0253003563
1307:, page 25.
1305:0945274262
1284:0275981010
1247:References
1177:Greek army
957:, Colonel
792:. During
655:Kanlıgeçit
599:Sarikamish
576:2nd Smyrna
566:Dumlupınar
489:Occupation
484:1st Smyrna
266:Hürrem Bey
88:27°08′21″E
85:38°25′07″N
3103:Monastiri
3099:Pelagonia
3084:Commagene
3073:Chamanene
3053:Pamphylia
2926:(1920–23)
2915:Temporary
2887:Macedonia
2534:Eskişehir
2529:2nd İnönü
2524:1st İnönü
2504:Tellidede
2436:Kovanbaşı
2426:Karboğazı
2383:Sarıkamış
2280:Köysancak
2227:Campaigns
2106:Elections
2045:awakening
1636:, p. 186.
1545:159577598
1105:USS
1096:Venizelos
1021:Adventure
1019:HMS
929:civilians
889:Karaburun
650:Kovanbaşı
640:Karboğazı
571:Balıkesir
546:2nd İnönü
541:1st İnönü
521:Tellidede
272:Kâzım Bey
3416:Treaties
3082:Part of
3048:Lycaonia
3043:Cataonia
3028:Bithynia
2869:Thessaly
2758:Timeline
2689:Assembly
2687:National
2043:National
2017:Concepts
1458:page 117
1346:July 11,
1220:See also
1122:—
885:Istanbul
808:and the
463:Tal Afar
295:2 killed
277:Strength
226:Colonel
144:Kydonies
140:Pergamos
67:Location
3109:Gevgeli
3105:region)
3063:Pisidia
3058:Isauria
3038:Cilicia
3023:Galatia
3018:Phrygia
2934:Tenedos
2664:Ottoman
2610:Ardahan
2593:Georgia
2539:Sakarya
2494:Erbeyli
2489:Bergama
2431:Kaç Kaç
2370:Armenia
2327:Revolts
2258:Taşlıca
2235:British
1951:June 5,
1372:June 5,
1146:Impacts
1117:Karataş
1107:Arizona
1026:officer
997:" and "
925:Evzones
893:Uzunada
776:Prelude
741:Turkish
701:Koçgiri
668:Revolts
645:Kaç Kaç
556:Sakarya
511:Erbeyli
506:Bergama
364:Ayvalık
269:Ali Bey
136:Menemen
3489:(1920)
3483:(1919)
3477:(1919)
3471:(1914)
3465:(1913)
3265:Events
3145:Enosis
3119:Pontus
3089:Cyprus
2978:Aeolis
2930:Imbros
2907:(1947)
2901:(1919)
2895:(1912)
2889:(1912)
2883:(1912)
2881:Epirus
2877:(1912)
2871:(1881)
2865:(1864)
2636:Allies
2615:Batumi
2499:Erikli
2484:Malgaç
2421:Aintab
2411:Marash
2403:French
2360:Yozgat
2292:Samsun
2132:Issues
1929:
1899:
1865:
1788:
1699:
1632:
1613:p. 92.
1607:
1543:
1452:
1324:
1303:
1282:
1185:Ödemiş
991:Allied
955:Kavala
927:&
822:Smyrna
806:France
753:Smyrna
691:Yozgat
635:Aintab
625:Marash
516:Erikli
501:Malgaç
212:
201:France
198:
173:Greece
146:, and
127:begins
113:Result
3128:Ideas
3033:Lycia
3013:Troas
3008:Mysia
3003:Caria
2998:Lydia
2983:Doris
2973:Ionia
2875:Crete
2519:Gediz
2509:Aydın
2461:Greek
2446:Fadıl
2302:Akbaş
2188:Media
1945:(PDF)
1878:1919)
1809:(PDF)
1747:[
1691:[
1541:S2CID
1417:(PDF)
1410:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1169:]
1140:fezes
1080:Şuhut
1076:Aydın
986:Konak
883:from
881:Izmir
814:Greek
733:Greek
708:Naval
696:Konya
686:Geyve
681:İzmit
660:Fadıl
536:Gediz
526:Aydın
448:Akbaş
238:Cpt.
148:Çeşme
132:Aydın
3246:EOKA
2932:and
2571:U.S.
2479:Urla
2416:Urfa
2388:Kars
2378:Oltu
1953:2014
1927:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1697:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1425:2012
1374:2014
1348:2014
1322:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1204:and
1175:The
1132:Jews
1078:and
901:Foça
899:and
897:Urla
891:and
810:U.S.
727:The
630:Urfa
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