725:, accused IMF and EU of basing their negotiation position on unrealistic assumptions. As Koo pointed out, IMF's argument was that if the austerity programme had been implemented as assumed, no further debt relief would have been needed under 2012's framework. The EU's argument was that Greece encountered a difficult situation in 2015 because it delayed implementation of structural reforms. Koo said that the argument was highly unrealistic because structural reforms do not work in a short run, adding that the US did not benefit from the
365:(IMF) admitted that its forecast about Greek economy was too optimistic: in 2010 it described Greece's first bailout programme as a holding operation that gave the eurozone time to build a firewall to protect other vulnerable members, but in 2012 the unemployment rate of Greece became about 25 percent, compared to IMF's projection of about 15 percent. IMF conceded that it underestimated the damage that austerity programmes would do to the Greek economy, adding that, in terms of Greece's debt, IMF should have considered a
572:, for their submission titled "Leaving the Euro: A Practical Guide". The winning proposal argued that a member wishing to exit should introduce a new currency and default on a large part of its debts. The net effect, the proposal claimed, would be positive for growth and prosperity. It also called for keeping the euro for small transactions and for a short period of time after the exit from the eurozone, along with a strict regime of inflation-targeting and tough fiscal rules monitored by "independent experts".
634:, gave contradictory statements stating that "the currency is not a fetish" and that SYRIZA will say "no" to the stay of the country in the eurozone if the price for the Greek people is too great and a few days later that Greece should not leave the eurozone and return to the drachma because "...we will have poor people, who have drachmas, and rich people, who will buy everything with euros." Past opinion polling had shown that generally most Greeks favored keeping the euro.
36:
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652:, pondered: "The exit from the EU and the euro will be hazardous, a blind alley unless it is combined with a concrete plan, a programme for the economy and society, with a new organization of society, i.e. a socialist society with the socialization of the concentrated means of production, unilateral cancelation of the debt, working class and people's power."
917:
478:"Plan Z" is the name given to a 2012 plan to enable Greece to withdraw from the eurozone in the event of Greek bank collapse. It was drawn up in absolute secrecy by small teams totalling approximately two dozen officials at the EU Commission (Brussels), the European Central Bank (Frankfurt) and the IMF (Washington). Those officials were headed by
432:
differentiated government bond yields within the Euro Area. If Greece remains in the euro while accepting higher bond yields, reflecting its high government deficit, then high interest rates would dampen demand, raise savings and slow the economy. An improved trade performance and less reliance on foreign capital would be the result.
546:
In the event of a new currency being introduced, all banks would close for several days to allow old (Euro) banknotes to be stamped to denote that they were now drachmas, and/or a newly printed currency to be distributed to bank branches for distribution to the public when banks reopened. The
British
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is unavoidable for Greece in the long term, and that a delay in organising an orderly default (by lending Greece more money throughout a few more years) would just wind up hurting EU lenders and neighbouring
European countries even more. Fiscal austerity or a euro exit is the alternative to accepting
575:
The Roger Bootle/Capital
Economics plan also suggested that "key officials" should meet "in secret" one month before the exit is publicly announced, and that eurozone partners and international organisations should be informed "three days before". The judges of the Wolfson Economics Prize found that
827:
said that preventing a Greek exit was still desirable for
Germany, since a Greek exit would wipe out billions of euros in European taxpayer money, and "it would be much easier politically to renegotiate a compromise with Greece, albeit a lame one, and thus maintain the fiction that Greece will pay
609:
Analyst
Vangelis Agapitos estimated that inflation under the new drachma would quickly reach 40 to 50 per cent to catch up with the fall in the new currency's value. To stop the falling value of the drachma, interest rates would have to be increased to as high as 30 to 40 per cent, according to
542:
A Grexit, assuming that it coincided with adoption of a new currency, would require preparation, for example with capacity for banknote stamping or printing a stock of new banknotes. However, information leaking out on such preparations might lead to negative dynamic effects, like bank runs.
902:
Questioned on whether the referendum would be a euro-drachma dilemma, Greece's finance minister, Yanis
Varoufakis, said that European Treaties make provisions for an exit from the EU but do not make any provisions for an exit from the Eurozone. A referendum as a choice involving exit from the
347:
reported that "default appears inevitable", though it later removed the online statement. On 29 June 2015 it was announced that Greek banks would remain closed all week, cash withdrawals from banks would be limited to €60 per day, and international money transfers would be limited to urgent
292:
Opponents argued that the proposal would impose excessive hardship on the Greek people, the short-term effects would be a significant consumption and wealth reduction for the Greek population. This had the potential to cause civil unrest in Greece and harm the reputation of the eurozone.
482:(ECB), Thomas Wieser (Euro working group), Poul Thomsen (IMF) and Marco Buti (European Commission). To prevent premature disclosure no single document was created, no emails were exchanged, and no Greek officials were informed. The plan was based on the 2003 introduction of
400:
As can be seen from the Figure A, IMF's forecast in the 2010 standby agreement said that the
Southern European country would start to grow in real terms after 2011. But in fact the economy continued to shrink, and Greek real GDP in 2013 was about 76 percent of that in 2008.
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Tsipras will die
Machtprobe – und wird sie verlieren. - Die Grundregel der Finanzmarkt-Kommunikation in Krisenzeiten lautet: Klappe halten. Doch Athen tut alles, um seine hilfsbereiten Euro-Partner zu verprellen. Der Austritt Griechenlands aus der Währungsunion steht
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would fall by 55%, the new national currency would depreciate by 65% vis-à-vis the euro, and the recession would deepen to 22%. Furthermore, unemployment would rise from its current 22% to 34% of the work force, and inflation, which was then at 2%, would soar to 30%.
613:
IOBE head of research
Aggelos Tsakanikas foresaw an increase in crime as a consequence of a Grexit, as people struggled to pay bills. "We won’t see tanks in the streets and violence, we won’t see people starving in the streets, but crime could very well rise".
729:
structural reforms during Reagan's era. After publishing documents which admit that the southern
European country needs debt relief and a moratorium on debt repayment for 30 years, the IMF was only "slowly beginning to understand" the Greek economy, said Koo.
551:
was, according to rumours on 18 May 2012, preparing to print new drachma notes based on old moulds, which De La Rue refused to comment. The typical time between an order for a new currency being placed and the delivery of the banknotes is about six months.
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539:, and it spread among Greek students in other European universities. The first demonstration took place in Athens, Syntagma Square in June 2012 in between two major elections that brought to the country political instability and financial insecurity.
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The prospect of Greece leaving the euro and dealing with a devalued drachma prompted many people to start withdrawing their euros from the country's banks. In the nine months to March 2012, deposits in Greek banks had already fallen 13% to
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for 5 July on the revised proposals from the IMF and the EU, which he said that his government would campaign against. The referendum was defeated by a margin of 61% to 39%. Eurozone finance ministers have refused to extend the bailout.
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of the average Greek. At the same time, the country's economic output would drop, putting more people out of work where one in five is already unemployed. The prices of imported goods would skyrocket, putting them out of reach for many.
467:: "the overt infringements on Greek sovereignty we're witnessing today, with EU policy makers now double-checking all national data and carefully 'monitoring' the work of the Greek government sets a dangerous precedent."
784:, raised further anger when it compared Greece to an unfair footballer: "What happens to a footballer who breaks the rules and does a crude foul? – He leaves the pitch. He is sent off as a punishment. No question."
600:
According to the Greek think-tank Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research (IOBE), a new drachma would lose half or more of its value relative to the euro. This would drive up inflation, and reduce the
684:
Both the Greek government and the EU favoured Greece staying within the Euro and believed this to be possible. However, some commentators believed an exit was likely. In February 2015, the former head of the
750:, was quoted on 31 December 2014: "The time when we had to rescue Greece is over. There is no more blackmail potential. Greece is not systemically relevant for the euro." A following article in the weekly
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said, "German right-wing forces trying to act like a sheriff in Greece or any other member states is not only unacceptable but above all wrong." It has also been criticized by the German opposition party
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The European Central Bank (ECB) has said it won't extend emergency funding for the banks and there is a growing risk of Greece lurching out of the single currency - which has come to be known as Grexit.
336:, a particularly important post in view of the government debt crisis. During 2015 and 2016, the chance of a Grexit or even a 'Graccident' (accidental Grexit) in the near future was widely discussed.
435:
The implementation of Grexit would have to occur "within days or even hours of the decision being made" due to the high volatility that would result. It would have to be timed at one of the
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Conversely, leaving the Eurozone, but retaining the Euro as de facto currency, would avoid the practical issues and relieve the country of the burden of its Eurozone responsibilities.
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and the impossibility of forming a new government after elections led to strong speculation that Greece would leave the eurozone shortly. This phenomenon had already become known as "
274:" (accidental Grexit) was coined for the case that Greece exited the EU and the euro unintentionally. These terms first came into use in 2012 and have been revitalised at each of the
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He argues that a withdrawal from the Eurozone would give the Greek government more room for maneuver to conduct public policies propitious for long-term growth and social equity.
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Agapitos. People would then be unable to pay off their loans and mortgages and the country's banks would have to be nationalised to stop them from going under, he predicted.
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would dramatically boost exports and tourism, while discouraging expensive imports, which would give the Greek economy the possibility to recover and stand on its own feet.
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1000:, not in harmony with the rationale of the European unification project and is otherwise problematic, mainly from a legal perspective; that a Member State's exit from
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finance ministers in Istanbul: "A Greek exit from the euro would be very difficult for the world economy and potentially very damaging for the European economy."
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1016:, the question of whether a country can unilaterally leave the Eurozone without leaving the EU is unclear. Jens Christian Dammann, a law professor at the
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After an emergency meeting of eurozone finance ministers (20 February 2015), European leaders agreed to extend Greece's bailout for further four months.
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Many experts now fear a "Graccident"—Greece's accidental exit from the euro. If the ECB doesn't agree to your T-Bills, that's exactly what might happen.
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1004:, without a parallel withdrawal from the EU, would be legally inconceivable; and that, while perhaps feasible through indirect means, a Member State's
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592:) warned that "n exit from the euro would lead to a significant decline in the living standards of Greek citizens." According to the announcement,
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932:, speculated in late May 2012 that eurozone stocks could plummet up to 50 percent in value if Greece makes a disorderly exit from the eurozone.
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Default appears inevitable and there is a growing risk of Greece lurching out of the single currency - which has come to be known as Grexit.
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suggested that Greece might be better off if it exited the eurozone. British officials declined to comment on the leaked document.
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956:. Economic depression within the European economy would ripple worldwide and slow global growth. However, Greece represents just
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459:, has pursued the harsh macroeconomic adjustment plans imposed on Greece are shaky, claiming they infringe upon Greece's
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A leaked document revealed that, during informal discussions with one of the European leaders, then UK Prime Minister
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984:… that negotiated withdrawal from the EU would not be legally impossible even prior to the ratification of the
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the winning plan was the "most credible solution" to the question of a member state leaving the eurozone.
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further spurred these speculations. Both German and international media widely interpreted this as the
564:, a prize for the "best proposal for a country to leave the European Monetary Union", was awarded to a
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I cannot imagine that. People won't risk Europe's disintegration over a T-Bill of almost €1.6 billion.
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into Iraq by the Americans and would have required rebuilding the Greek economy and banking system
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2030:"Tory grandee Ken Clarke warns euro exit is 'inevitable' as Greece's supporters rally in London"
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chaired a meeting to discuss any possible ramifications in the event of an exit. According to a
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economist Ebrahim Rahbari and was introduced by Rahbari and Citigroup's Global Chief Economist
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to 2 percent points, negatively affecting their ability to service their own sovereign debts.
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2345:"As it happened – Yanis Varoufakis' intervention during the 27th June 2015 Eurogroup Meeting"
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Of all the political parties which won seats in the parliamentary election in May 2012, the
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One US economist has argued that the legal grounds upon which the "troika", composed by the
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1020:, has suggested that under certain conditions, it is possible for a Member State to do so.
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693:, said "it is just a matter of time" for Greece to withdraw from the eurozone, and former
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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In January 2015, speculation about a Greek exit from the eurozone was revived when
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was a hypothetical scenario, debated mostly in the early to mid 2010s, under which
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OECD, National Accounts of OECD Countries detailed tables 2006-2013, Volume 2014/2
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2273:"Greek euro exit risk raised by Commerzbank as talks break down — Business"
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AG increased the risk of Greece exiting the euro to 50%. The expression used by
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Economists who favour this approach to solve the Greek debt crisis argue that a
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combining the English words 'Greek' and 'exit', and which has been expressed in
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2016:
1953:
1928:"The day after the elections the KKE will be at the forefront of the struggles"
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By late June 2015 negotiations on a deal had collapsed, and Prime Minister
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2246:"G-20 Finance Ministers Urge Greek Aid Deal to Avoid Euro Region Splinter"
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1911:
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P. Krugman, The Conscience of a Liberal, The New York Times, 25 June 2015
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for these talks is "Greece and the Euro Zone dance on the precipice".
673:
On 21 August 2015, 25 MPs from SYRIZA split from the party and formed
385:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
293:
Additionally, it could cause Greece to align more with non-EU states.
1881:"Clear lead for SYRIZA in Public Issue poll; support for euro at 71%"
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M. Steves and I. Talley, The Wall Street Journal, Europe, 5 June 2013
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627:
321:
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Russia Fin Min: Could Only Provide Greece With Rubles If Athens Asks
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834:"considers Grexit following the election to be highly unlikely...".
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1978:"In crisis-ridden Europe, euroscepticism is the new cultural trend"
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stated that it would offer Greece aid but would only provide it in
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system, closing ATMs, and imposing capital and currency controls.
492:, including isolating Greek banks by disconnecting them from the
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3000:
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2370:
781:
520:, said Dimitris Mardas, associate professor of economics at the
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282:
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2318:"Eurozone Officials Reach Accord With Greece to Extend Bailout"
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Economist Who Coined ‘Grexit’ Now Says Greece Will Stay in Euro
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2399:
Withdrawal and Expulsion from the EU and EMU: Some Reflections
2046:
Cameron told EU leader Greek exit from euro may be best option
456:
371:
29:
2063:
Nomura slams the IMF: The Greek bailout is highly unrealistic
2048:
A. Nardelli and N. Watt, The Guardian, Politics, 26 June 2015
1589:"War-Gaming Greek Euro Exit Shows Hazards in 46-Hour Weekend"
1497:"Grexit will happen much more quickly than politicians think"
1930:. Communist Party of Greece. 10 January 2015. Archived from
1524:"EU accused of 'head in sand' attitude to Greek debt crisis"
1084:. By Flavia Krause-Jackson. Bloomberg Business, 28 June 2015
681:, the party won 2.8% of the popular vote, winning no seats.
2367:"Greek Exit Could Trigger 50% Fall in Euro Stocks: Analyst"
463:
and interfere in the internal affairs of an independent EU
2146:"MEPs criticise German 'interference' in Greek elections"
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O. Williams-Grut, Business Insider, Finance, 15 July 2015
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calling the debate over a Grexit "highly irresponsible".
630:
of supporting withdrawal from the euro. SYRIZA's leader,
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Against this plan, a political initiative, the so-called
2075:
IMF stuns Europe with call for massive Greek debt relief
524:. Greek authorities, Mardas predicted, would respond by
1917:– "Greek election is euro versus drachma, Samaras says"
1355:
Greece:Staff report on request for stand-by arrangement
2017:"Greece: Greenspan predicts exit from euro inevitable"
2077:
A. Evans-Pritchard, The Daily Telegraph, 14 July 2015
1634:
1632:
1619:"Who, What, Why: How would Greece switch currencies?"
224:
of the time. This conjecture was given the nickname "
1818:"Biggest Greek bank warns of dire euro exit fallout"
1551:"Birth of new Greek drachma would be pained, rushed"
1182:À quoi ressemblerait la sortie de l'euro de la Grèce
644:
expressed support for leaving both the euro and the
27:
Hypothetical Greek withdrawal from the Euro currency
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281:Proponents of the proposal argued that leaving the
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258:
1300:"Greek debt crisis: Banks to remain shut all week"
528:for as long as it takes for the panic to subside.
2529:Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
2316:Alderman, Liz; Kanter, James (20 February 2015).
2118:"Angela Merkel faces growing dilemma over Greece"
2058:
2056:
2054:
677:, which fully supported leaving the euro. In the
1323:
1321:
1443:"Grexit and the euro: an exercise in guesswork"
1420:"Huge Sense of Doom Among 'Grexit' Predictions"
1154:[Grexit dimensions such as ελλέξοδος].
982:
903:Eurozone would violate EU Treaties and EU Law.
588:(not to be confused with the central bank, the
2174:"Euro Countries Take Tough Line Toward Greece"
1350:
1348:
1168:(Title may not be accurate, inferred from URL)
1152:"Διαστάσεις grexit οπως ελλέξοδος [?]"
322:Syriza ("Coalition of the Radical Left") party
2498:
2000:"Greece crisis: Syriza rebels form new party"
1472:. Maxfarquar.com. 14 May 2012. Archived from
766:tacitly warning Greek voters from voting for
189:
8:
2299:"Greece and Eurozone Dance on the Precipice"
1582:
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1008:or EMU, would be legally next to impossible.
928:Claudia Panseri, head of equity strategy at
787:The German government's interference in the
512:A victory for anti-bailout lawmakers in the
343:on 27 June 2015 speculation rose. That day
1766:"De La Rue silent on deal to print Drachma"
1747:"Greek youths are getting ready to cry out"
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1587:Randow, Jana; Thesing, Gabi (23 May 2012).
993:
948:Europe in 2010 accounted for 25 percent of
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3493:European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism
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1715:"Greece's euro exit a recipe for hardship"
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1272:"Greek debt crisis: Is Grexit inevitable?"
1243:"Greek debt crisis: Is Grexit inevitable?"
526:imposing controls on the movement of money
196:
182:
67:
1210:«Ο Βαρουφάκης πρέπει να παρουσιάσει έργο»
679:September 2015 Greek legislative election
662:, opposing Greece's participation in the
2471:"Viewpoints: What if Greece exits euro"?
936:in other European nations could widen 1
580:Immediate economic fallout inside Greece
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2358:
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2354:
2231:"UK plans for possible Greek euro exit"
2111:
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1340:IMF concedes it made mistakes on Greece
1118:and Ebrahim Rahbari (6 February 2012).
1092:
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828:back its loans at some point in time."
777:Germany's largest selling tabloid, the
70:
2396:Athanassiou, Phoebus (December 2009),
2088:"Germany Does Care About a Greek Exit"
1120:"Rising Risks of Greek Euro Area Exit"
1077:
1075:
791:was strongly criticized by leaders of
312:On 27 January 2015, two days after an
154:Greek government debt crisis articles:
3488:European Financial Stability Facility
2679:Euro interbank offered rate (Euribor)
2244:Svenja O'Donnell (10 February 2015).
1797:"Leaving the Euro: A Practical Guide"
1713:Hadjicostis, Menelaos (25 May 2012).
1357:IMF, Country report No. 10/110 (2010)
1328:IMF admits mistakes on Greece bailout
278:made available to Greece after that.
7:
2880:Coins by country with minting rights
2405:, European Central Bank, p. 4,
1012:In the absence of any ruling by the
907:Theorized effects on world economies
742:, deputy leader of the center-right
516:would likely trigger an even bigger
301:The term 'Grexit' was coined by the
86:Tax evasion and corruption in Greece
3062:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1639:Firzli, M. Nicolas (1 March 2010).
535:was founded in 2012 by students in
348:pre-approved commercial transfers.
3291:European Monetary Cooperation Fund
2689:European payments initiative (EPI)
2464:Greek withdrawal from the eurozone
2116:Wagstyl, Stefan (5 January 2015).
1522:Louise Armitstead (23 June 2011).
1056:Withdrawal from the European Union
960:—less than 2 per cent—of European
648:. However, its General Secretary,
210:Greek withdrawal from the eurozone
25:
18:Greek withdrawal from the Eurozone
2425:"The Right to Leave the Eurozone"
2144:O'Brien, James (5 January 2015).
1816:Tagaris, Karolina (29 May 2012).
1470:"Grexit Greek Exit From The Euro"
837:On 9 February, UK Prime Minister
3534:
3522:
3510:
2684:Single euro payments area (SEPA)
2587:European System of Central Banks
2457:
2377:from the original on 26 May 2024
2172:Alderman, Liz (5 January 2015).
2090:. 5 January 2015. Archived from
1854:– "The currency is not a fetish"
1828:from the original on 30 May 2012
1778:from the original on 31 May 2012
1653:from the original on 31 May 2012
1599:from the original on 3 June 2012
1563:from the original on 2 June 2012
1390:"Sorry, folks..the wake is over"
912:Effect upon the European economy
870:reported that after 16 February
789:January 2015 elections in Greece
376:
118:2011 proposed economy referendum
34:
2432:Texas International Law Journal
1641:"Greece and the EU Debt Crisis"
1495:Heath, Allister (14 May 2012).
1330:BBC News, Business, 5 June 2013
1192:sueddeutsche.de 4. March 2015:
1037:- A term with a similar origin
807:group, when S&D president
416:the financial crisis in Greece
339:After the announcement of the
1:
3592:Greece and the European Union
2664:Economy of the European Union
2365:Barnato, Katy (25 May 2012).
2233:. BBC News. 11 February 2015.
1764:Wallop, Harry (29 May 2012).
1030:2015 Greek bailout referendum
944:Effect upon the world economy
143:2015 Greek bailout referendum
91:Financial crisis of 2007–2008
3572:Greek government-debt crisis
2794:2 € commemorative coins
2628:European Stability Mechanism
2438:(2): 126–155. Archived from
1222:Interview mit Alexis Tsipras
1158:(in Greek). 13 February 2012
1061:Withdrawal from the Eurozone
1046:Greek government-debt crisis
990:recently enacted exit clause
920:A political cartoon of the "
703:described it as inevitable.
222:Greek government-debt crisis
170:Greek crisis countermeasures
3301:European Monetary Institute
2019:, BBC News, 8 February 2015
1549:Apps, Peter (20 May 2012).
1441:Ross, Alice (14 May 2012).
1270:Paul Kirby (27 June 2015).
1241:Paul Kirby (27 June 2015).
1125:. Citigroup. Archived from
849:said at the meeting of the
698:Chancellor of the Exchequer
363:International Monetary Fund
266:
259:
101:Financial audits, 2009–2010
3613:
3155:Other extant EU currencies
3001:Monetary agreement with EU
2297:Geoffrey Smith / Fortune.
1499:. City A.M. Archived from
1394:London Progressive Journal
1388:Xypolia, Ilia (May 2012).
797:Socialists & Democrats
793:European Parliament groups
626:party accused the leftist
522:University of Thessaloniki
443:International law dynamics
356:
218:withdraw from the Eurozone
3505:
3128:Countries and territories
3057:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2799:Other commemorative coins
2623:Stability and Growth Pact
1220:spiegel.de 7. März 2015:
1014:European Court of Justice
723:Nomura Research Institute
437:public holidays in Greece
316:of the Greek parliament,
252:
246:
239:
43:This article needs to be
3597:Euroscepticism in Greece
3481:Former fiscal provisions
3251:European Monetary System
3041:using euro per agreement
1954:
1866:Ο Alexis Tsipras στο CNN
1682:"Inside Europe's Plan Z"
1097:A year in a word: Grexit
3577:Public policy proposals
3130:using euro unilaterally
2643:European Fiscal Compact
2151:The Parliament Magazine
1958:(in Greek). Golden Dawn
1869:. YouTube. 17 May 2012.
1802:18 January 2013 at the
799:(S&D), the liberal
734:2015 Grexit speculation
586:National Bank of Greece
562:Wolfson Economics Prize
556:Wolfson Economics Prize
547:money printing company
148:September 2015 election
106:Anti-austerity movement
3357:European Currency Unit
3043:without minting rights
2539:European banking union
2423:Dammann, Jens (n.d.).
1720:The Hamilton Spectator
1010:
994:
976:published 2009 by the
962:gross domestic product
925:
856:In February 2015, the
721:, chief economist for
285:and reintroducing the
3528:European Union portal
3077:Potential adoption by
3067:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2814:Europa coin programme
2577:European Central Bank
2534:Capital Markets Union
2466:at Wikimedia Commons
1041:Currency substitution
1006:expulsion from the EU
978:European Central Bank
919:
823:Economists of German
514:17 June 2012 election
453:European Central Bank
165:Greek crisis timeline
138:January 2015 election
3350:Preceding currencies
3316:European debt crisis
2706:International status
2258:Dow Jones Newswires
816:', with its speaker
774:of 25 January 2015.
772:legislative election
754:citing sources from
650:Dimitris Koutsoumpas
584:On 29 May 2012, the
320:, leader of the new
309:on 6 February 2012.
128:Government formation
96:European debt crisis
3331:Previous EU members
3245:Snake in the tunnel
2696:Euro Currency Index
2205:www.ftserussell.com
1915:report 15 June 2012
1852:report 14 June 2012
1771:The Daily Telegraph
1503:on 2 September 2012
1422:. CNBC. 14 May 2012
1180:18. February 2015:
1099:. By Ralph Atkins.
1018:University of Texas
924:" view of a Grexit.
779:right-wing populist
760:ministry of finance
658:was also staunchly
334:Minister of Finance
160:Greek eurozone exit
3540:Numismatics portal
3362:Austrian schilling
3039:Non-EU territories
2714:Proposed eurobonds
2323:The New York Times
2211:on 28 October 2019
2179:The New York Times
2036:, 15 February 2015
1934:on 26 January 2015
1727:on 10 January 2015
1400:on 23 October 2019
1105:, 23 December 2012
1051:Multi-speed Europe
926:
858:Russian government
714:Economic criticism
687:US Federal Reserve
560:In July 2012, the
410:Financial dynamics
367:debt restructuring
341:bailout referendum
133:June 2012 election
112:Election articles:
3549:
3548:
3501:
3500:
3447:Portuguese escudo
3223:
3222:
3032:
3031:
2875:
2874:
2804:Identifying marks
2659:Economy of Europe
2616:Fiscal provisions
2462:Media related to
2094:on 6 January 2015
2006:. 21 August 2015.
1980:. 10 October 2012
1646:The Vienna Review
764:Merkel government
756:Wolfgang Schäuble
622:The centre-right
618:Political opinion
594:per capita income
566:Capital Economics
537:Oxford University
509:160,000,000,000.
414:In mid-May 2012,
398:
397:
220:to deal with the
206:
205:
123:May 2012 election
72:Greek debt crisis
64:
63:
16:(Redirected from
3604:
3538:
3526:
3514:
3452:Sammarinese lira
3442:Monégasque franc
3432:Luxembourg franc
3427:Lithuanian litas
3296:Delors Committee
3285:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3234:
3200:Hungarian forint
3167:
3161:
3052:Saint Barthélemy
2884:
2742:
2719:Reserve currency
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2461:
2447:
2446:
2445:on 11 June 2015.
2444:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2277:ekathimerini.com
2269:
2263:
2262:10 February 2015
2256:
2250:
2249:
2248:. Bloomberg.com.
2241:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2207:. Archived from
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1955:Πολιτικές Θέσεις
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1887:. Archived from
1877:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1813:
1807:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1723:. Archived from
1710:
1689:
1678:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1396:. Archived from
1385:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1238:
1232:
1224:Zitat: SPIEGEL:
1218:
1212:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1124:
1112:
1106:
1094:
1085:
1079:
999:
958:a small fraction
930:Société Générale
770:in the upcoming
748:German Bundestag
603:purchasing power
380:
379:
372:
357:IMF's projection
330:Yanis Varoufakis
326:a new government
307:Willem H. Buiter
269:
262:
255:
254:
249:
248:
242:
241:
198:
191:
184:
68:
59:
56:
50:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3567:Eurozone crisis
3562:2010s in Greece
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3497:
3476:
3462:Slovenian tolar
3345:
3334:
3332:
3325:
3311:Black Wednesday
3281:
3277:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3255:
3219:
3183:
3165:
3157:
3148:
3132:
3129:
3121:
3080:
3079:other countries
3078:
3071:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3028:
2995:
2871:
2823:
2733:
2700:
2674:Euro calculator
2647:
2611:
2565:
2517:
2511:
2480:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2364:
2363:
2352:
2347:. 28 June 2015.
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2123:Financial Times
2115:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2034:The Independent
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1804:Wayback Machine
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1751:grreporter.info
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1712:
1711:
1692:
1686:Financial Times
1680:Peter Spiegel,
1679:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1625:. 11 June 2012.
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1476:on 18 July 2012
1468:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1448:Financial Times
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1367:Breaking Greece
1365:
1361:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1219:
1215:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1132:on 16 June 2012
1129:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1102:Financial Times
1095:
1088:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1026:
970:
952:, according to
946:
914:
909:
809:Gianni Pittella
746:faction in the
736:
716:
620:
582:
558:
502:
476:
445:
412:
407:
394:
381:
377:
359:
354:
328:. He appointed
299:
297:Detailed events
270:)). The term "
202:
60:
54:
51:
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3610:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:2013 in Greece
3584:
3582:2012 in Greece
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3467:Spanish peseta
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Finnish markka
3389:
3387:Estonian kroon
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3341:United Kingdom
3337:
3335:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3275:
3264:
3248:
3240:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3092:Czech Republic
3089:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2729:World currency
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2633:Euro Plus Pact
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2570:Administration
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2454:
2453:External links
2451:
2449:
2448:
2415:
2388:
2350:
2336:
2308:
2289:
2264:
2251:
2236:
2222:
2201:"FTSE Russell"
2192:
2164:
2136:
2105:
2079:
2067:
2050:
2038:
2021:
2009:
1991:
1969:
1945:
1919:
1902:
1891:on 6 July 2015
1872:
1856:
1839:
1808:
1789:
1756:
1738:
1690:
1664:
1628:
1610:
1593:Bloomberg News
1574:
1541:
1514:
1487:
1461:
1433:
1411:
1380:
1371:
1359:
1344:
1332:
1317:
1306:. 29 June 2015
1291:
1262:
1233:
1213:
1206:Deutsche Welle
1198:
1185:
1170:
1143:
1116:Buiter, Willem
1107:
1086:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1022:
969:
966:
945:
942:
913:
910:
908:
905:
892:Alexis Tsipras
847:George Osborne
735:
732:
715:
712:
701:Kenneth Clarke
695:United Kingdom
691:Alan Greenspan
664:European Union
646:European Union
632:Alexis Tsipras
619:
616:
590:Bank of Greece
581:
578:
557:
554:
533:Menoume Europi
501:
500:Implementation
498:
475:
472:
444:
441:
411:
408:
406:
403:
396:
395:
384:
382:
375:
358:
355:
353:
350:
318:Alexis Tsipras
314:early election
298:
295:
204:
203:
201:
200:
193:
186:
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175:
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109:
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61:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3609:
3598:
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3508:
3507:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:Slovak koruna
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
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3407:Greek drachma
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3403:
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3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Dutch guilder
3380:
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3377:Cypriot pound
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3372:Croatian kuna
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3367:Belgian franc
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3252:
3249:
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3226:
3216:
3215:Swedish krona
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3211:
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3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:Bulgarian lev
3172:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
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2992:
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1995:
1992:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1949:
1946:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
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967:
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624:New Democracy
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480:Jörg Asmussen
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449:EU Commission
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55:December 2023
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3516:Money portal
3509:
3472:Vatican lira
3437:Maltese lira
3422:Latvian lats
3417:Italian lira
3397:French franc
3210:Romanian leu
3205:Polish złoty
3195:Czech koruna
3179:Danish krone
3024:Vatican City
2809:Starter kits
2558:
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2473:14 May 2012
2456:
2440:the original
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3412:Irish pound
3402:German Mark
3306:Enlargement
2971:Netherlands
2607:Euro summit
2028:Jon Stone,
1885:phantis.com
1849:Proto Thema
1178:lefigaro.fr
996:prima facie
980:concluded:
950:world trade
934:Bond yields
876:Commerzbank
868:Kathimerini
825:Commerzbank
727:Reaganomics
719:Richard Koo
660:Eurosceptic
656:Golden Dawn
474:2012 Plan Z
461:sovereignty
387:Phabricator
230:portmanteau
3556:Categories
3321:Withdrawal
3144:Montenegro
3019:San Marino
2961:Luxembourg
2867:500 €
2862:200 €
2857:100 €
2592:Eurosystem
2215:28 October
1984:25 October
1962:3 November
1774:. London.
1657:30 January
1649:. Vienna.
1404:15 October
1067:References
896:referendum
814:The Greens
805:Greens/EFA
795:including
484:new dinars
352:Background
272:Graccident
2956:Lithuania
2852:50 €
2847:20 €
2842:10 €
2829:Banknotes
2819:Euro mint
2724:Petroeuro
2602:Eurogroup
2544:Euro sign
2185:7 January
2157:7 January
2129:7 January
2098:6 January
1806:full text
1228:Tspiras:
1162:5 October
894:called a
872:Eurogroup
843:Bloomberg
639:Communist
549:De La Rue
489:ab initio
369:earlier.
324:, formed
303:Citigroup
240:ελλέξοδος
3333:and euro
3087:Bulgaria
2986:Slovenia
2981:Slovakia
2976:Portugal
2888:Eurozone
2837:5 €
2789:2 €
2784:1 €
2638:Six pack
2554:Language
2549:Eurozone
2475:BBC News
2375:Archived
2004:BBC News
1912:BBC News
1826:Archived
1800:Archived
1776:Archived
1651:Archived
1623:BBC News
1597:Archived
1561:Archived
1530:. London
1304:BBC News
1276:BBC News
1247:BBC News
1024:See also
968:Legality
803:and the
668:eurozone
666:and the
518:bank run
455:and the
405:Dynamics
345:BBC News
276:bailouts
3237:General
3229:History
3112:Romania
3102:Hungary
3097:Denmark
3009:Andorra
2941:Ireland
2931:Germany
2921:Finland
2916:Estonia
2906:Croatia
2901:Belgium
2896:Austria
2652:Economy
2522:General
2411:1517760
2329:23 June
2282:13 July
1895:13 July
1822:Reuters
1556:Reuters
1310:29 June
1252:29 June
964:(GDP).
845:report
752:Spiegel
744:CDU/CSU
494:TARGET2
429:default
389:and on
287:drachma
45:updated
3280:
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3139:Kosovo
3117:Sweden
3107:Poland
3014:Monaco
2951:Latvia
2936:Greece
2926:France
2911:Cyprus
2597:Ecofin
2516:topics
2409:
2381:30 May
1938:5 July
1832:30 May
1782:31 May
1731:30 May
1603:30 May
1567:30 May
1507:16 May
1480:16 May
1454:16 May
1426:17 May
1281:1 July
1195:bevor.
1136:17 May
1035:Brexit
874:talks
862:rubles
768:SYRIZA
628:SYRIZA
451:, the
421:Grexit
267:exodos
260:Hellas
253:έξοδος
244:(from
226:Grexit
216:would
214:Greece
3188:Other
2991:Spain
2966:Malta
2946:Italy
2746:Coins
2669:Eonia
2443:(PDF)
2428:(PDF)
2403:(PDF)
1156:Pulse
1130:(PDF)
1123:(PDF)
247:Ελλάς
234:Greek
228:", a
3164:ERM
2514:Euro
2407:SSRN
2383:2012
2371:CNBC
2331:2015
2303:Time
2284:2015
2217:2019
2187:2015
2159:2015
2131:2015
2100:2015
1986:2013
1964:2013
1940:2015
1897:2015
1834:2012
1784:2012
1733:2012
1659:2015
1605:2012
1569:2012
1536:2011
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1482:2012
1456:2012
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1312:2015
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1254:2015
1164:2018
1138:2012
992:is,
881:Time
851:G-20
832:FTSE
801:ALDE
782:Bild
361:The
283:euro
3283:EMU
3278:III
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2779:50c
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1002:EMU
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