641:
611:, large herbs, shrubs, and small trees but seldom at large trees, and tends to feed in covered or semi-open areas rather than open ones. During the breeding season males tend to forage in the canopy and females in the understory, but outside that season both forage at all levels. Both sexes defend rich nectar sources, but studies have shown territorial differences between them. Females are more aggressive than males in defending their territory. Females' territories also received more intruders than males, and produced higher mean nectar volume.
58:
124:
259:
44:
82:
631:
of treefern scales and plant down bound with spiderweb, with lichen and moss on the outside. It is typically placed on a horizontal twig under a leaf, and usually up to 5 m (20 ft) above the ground but sometimes higher. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation length and time to fledging are not known.
461:
have a violet forehead, crown, upper back, and belly. Their nape is dark bronzy green and lower back and rump dark bluish green. Their throat and chest are glittering green. Their deeply forked tail is blue-black. Adult females have bright green upperparts, pale gray throat and chest, and darker gray
630:
The crowned woodnymph's breeding seasons vary across its range, from
February to June in Costa Rica, March in Panama, February to September in northwestern Colombia, March to at least August in northern and central Colombia, and almost any part of the year in southwestern Colombia. The nest is a cup
681:
has assessed the crowned woodnymph as being of Least
Concern. It has a very large range, but its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is "ne of the commonest forest hummingbirds over most of range" though uncommon in Peru. Much of
598:
In Costa Rica the crowned woodnymph breeds between sea level and as high as 900 m (3,000 ft) and moves as high as 1,200 m (3,900 ft) afterwards; it also moves locally to follow flowering events. The species breeds up to 130 m (430 ft) in Panama, between 1,600 and
462:
belly. The tail is blue-black with white tips on the outer three pairs of feathers. Immature males have dusky crown, throat, and underparts with very limited iridescent purple feathers. Immature females have dull green upperparts and entirely pale gray underparts.
881:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South
America. American Ornithological Society.
453:
Male crowned woodnymphs are 9.5 to 11.5 cm (3.7 to 4.5 in) long and weigh 4 to 5.5 g (0.14 to 0.19 oz). Females are 8.5 to 9.2 cm (3.3 to 3.6 in) long and weigh 3.5 to 4.2 g (0.12 to 0.15 oz). Adult males of the
483:
males replace the nominate's violet forehead and crown with glittering green but are otherwise very similar. Females are essentially the same as the nominate but with somewhat darker gray underparts. The
599:
2,000 m (5,200 and 6,600 ft) in
Colombia and Venezuela, and only as high as 950 m (3,100 ft) in Peru. Post-breeding movements outside Costa Rica, if any, have not been studied.
669:
What is thought to be the crowned woodnymph's song is "a monotonously repeated, single, plaintive squeaky chip, 'ksit...ksit...ksit..'". It also makes "short dry chips as dry trill or chatter".
473:
males are larger than the nominate with a longer tail and have a very dark blue-green nape. The female's belly is much darker gray than that of the nominate and has a green gloss.
811:
HBW and BirdLife
International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at:
939:), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
922:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
1162:
1201:
1294:
1324:
1136:
1175:
712:
1304:
966:
812:
622:
from a perch, usually in the canopy or along edges and gaps. Both also glean prey from foliage but females do so more than males.
1299:
682:
its habitat in
Central America and northern Colombia has been deforested, but it appears to be able to use fragmented forest.
1180:
500:
have a mostly green belly with a little violet, a blue nape and sides of the breast, and white fringes on the undertail
1309:
1087:
123:
1319:
1206:
983:
1314:
1214:
1052:
1219:
1074:
1014:
585:
as well as semi-open landscapes like coffee and cacao plantations and gardens. It shuns open scrublands.
1092:
380:
376:
231:
730:
1066:
57:
455:
306:
71:
118:
813:
http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip
1167:
1240:
1193:
1110:
962:
438:
492:
but with a more bronzy nape and less violet on the back. Females have paler gray underparts.
954:
725:
582:
469:
have a bronze nape and a green belly with violet on the sides. Females are dark gray below.
390:
1245:
1079:
1227:
619:
532:
258:
43:
703:
607:
The crowned woodnymph feeds on nectar from a variety of flowering plants. It forages at
825:
786:
578:
501:
399:
367:
347:
310:
248:
17:
1271:
883:
654:
1288:
1188:
852:
314:
91:
86:
504:. Females are entirely pale gray below with white fringes on the undertail coverts.
1115:
829:
640:
1102:
1258:
1037:
1149:
1046:
558:
282:
198:
188:
285:
in the "emeralds", tribe
Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from
1266:
542:
357:
337:
330:
325:
918:
Stiles, F.G., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Crowned
Woodnymph (
615:
290:
208:
178:
135:
940:
752:
577:
The crowned woodnymph inhabits the interior, edges, and clearings of humid
1232:
1031:
923:
863:. South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologist Society
608:
155:
984:"Sexual differences in feeding territoriality of the crowned woodnymph,
1141:
1061:
445:) has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of the crowned woodnymph.
1154:
422:
was treated as a separate species, the green-crowned woodnymph, with
286:
145:
1128:
1008:
830:"Description de deux nouvelles espèce d'oiseaux-mouches de Colombie"
567:, Pacific slope of extreme southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador
1253:
1123:
321:
108:
102:
935:
Peterson, A. T. and P. F. D. Boesman (2021). Mexican
Woodnymph (
721:
678:
294:
165:
1012:
561:
and nearby
Western and Central Andes of west-central Colombia
477:
males are very like the nominate but with an all-green back.
614:
In addition to nectar, the crowned woodnymph feeds on small
573:, Pacific lowlands of souther Ecuador and northwestern Peru
785:
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022).
512:
The subspecies of crowned woodnymph are distributed thus:
519:, eastern Guatemala and Belize to southeastern Honduras
313:
from a specimen collected in Colombia. He coined the
961:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. pp. 217–218.
1021:
884:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm
731:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22726696A94929738.en
634:
982:Bertin, Robert I.; Wilzbach, Peggy A. (1979).
434:separately as the emerald-bellied woodnymph.
8:
496:males have an entirely green back. Males of
914:
912:
535:valley and east into northwestern Venezuela
1009:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
257:
80:
56:
42:
33:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
729:
655:Listen to crowned woodnymph on xeno-canto
551:, eastern Panama to southwestern Colombia
430:as subspecies. Some authors also treated
941:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.mexwoo1.01.1
713:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
691:
531:, northern Colombia to the head of the
924:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.crowoo1.01
697:
695:
525:, eastern Nicaragua to central Panama
7:
418:From about 1992 until 2012 or 2013,
320:. This species is now placed in the
309:in 1843 by the French ornithologist
1295:IUCN Red List least concern species
959:A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica
25:
851:Donegan, Thomas (October 2012).
639:
122:
1325:Birds of Tumbes-ChocĂł-Magdalena
702:BirdLife International (2016).
1:
618:. Both sexes capture them by
1305:Taxa named by Jules Bourcier
541:, northwestern Venezuela's
1341:
305:The crowned woodnymph was
943:retrieved August 26, 2022
926:retrieved August 26, 2022
256:
237:
230:
119:Scientific classification
117:
100:
78:
69:
64:
55:
50:
41:
36:
815:retrieved August 7, 2022
724:: e.T22726696A94929738.
508:Distribution and habitat
301:Taxonomy and systematics
279:violet-crowned woodnymph
1300:Birds described in 1843
886:retrieved July 24, 2022
329:that was introduced by
18:Green-crowned woodnymph
27:Species of hummingbird
853:"Proposal 558: Treat
393:& Bourcier, 1846)
1272:Thalurania-colombica
1053:Thalurania colombica
1023:Thalurania colombica
986:Thalurania colombica
955:Skutch, Alexander F.
920:Thalurania colombica
859:Thalurania colombica
753:"Appendices | CITES"
706:Thalurania colombica
465:Males of subspecies
274:Thalurania colombica
241:Thalurania colombica
791:IOC World Bird List
704:"Crowned Woodnymph
555:T. c. subtropicalis
486:T. c. subtropicalis
456:nominate subspecies
424:T. c. subtropicalis
397:T. c. subtropicalis
72:Conservation status
1310:Birds of Nicaragua
937:Eupherusa ridgwayi
443:Eupherusa ridgwayi
318:Ornismya colombica
307:formally described
281:, is a species of
37:Crowned woodnymph
1320:Birds of Colombia
1282:
1281:
1241:Open Tree of Life
1015:Taxon identifiers
968:978-0-8014-9600-4
953:Stiles, F. Gary;
855:Thalurania fannyi
661:
660:
439:Mexican woodnymph
269:crowned woodnymph
265:
264:
223:T. colombica
112:
95:
16:(Redirected from
1332:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1210:
1209:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1158:
1157:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1070:
1069:
1067:EE7180C832D72F00
1057:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1010:
1003:
1002:
992:
979:
973:
972:
950:
944:
933:
927:
916:
887:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
848:
842:
841:
834:Revue Zoologique
822:
816:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
782:
767:
766:
764:
763:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
733:
699:
643:
635:
583:secondary forest
571:T. c. hypochlora
539:T. c. rostrifera
498:T. c. hypochlora
475:T. c. rostrifera
432:T. c. hypochlora
412:T. c. hypochlora
374:T. c. rostrifera
340:are recognised:
293:to far-northern
261:
243:
127:
126:
106:
89:
84:
83:
60:
46:
34:
21:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1315:Birds of Panama
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1228:Observation.org
1226:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1017:
1007:
1006:
995:Wilson Bulletin
990:
981:
980:
976:
969:
952:
951:
947:
934:
930:
917:
890:
880:
876:
866:
864:
861:as conspecific"
850:
849:
845:
826:Bourcier, Jules
824:
823:
819:
810:
806:
796:
794:
784:
783:
770:
761:
759:
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
701:
700:
693:
688:
675:
667:
662:
657:
652:
651:
649:Songs and calls
628:
605:
596:
591:
565:T. c. verticeps
533:Magdalena River
529:T. c. colombica
517:T. c. townsendi
510:
494:T. c. verticeps
467:T. c. townsendi
459:T. c. colombica
451:
428:T. c. verticeps
406:T. c. verticeps
364:T. c. colombica
345:T. c. townsendi
303:
252:
245:
239:
226:
121:
113:
96:
85:
81:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1263:
1250:
1237:
1224:
1211:
1198:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1107:
1097:
1084:
1071:
1058:
1043:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1004:
974:
967:
945:
928:
888:
874:
843:
817:
804:
787:"Hummingbirds"
768:
744:
690:
689:
687:
684:
674:
671:
666:
663:
659:
658:
653:
647:
645:
633:
627:
624:
604:
601:
595:
592:
590:
587:
575:
574:
568:
562:
552:
546:
536:
526:
520:
509:
506:
450:
447:
416:
415:
409:
403:
394:
384:
371:
361:
351:
311:Jules Bourcier
302:
299:
263:
262:
254:
253:
246:
235:
234:
228:
227:
220:
218:
214:
213:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
115:
114:
101:
98:
97:
79:
76:
75:
70:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1337:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1001:(2): 319–321.
1000:
996:
989:
987:
978:
975:
970:
964:
960:
956:
949:
946:
942:
938:
932:
929:
925:
921:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
878:
875:
862:
860:
856:
847:
844:
839:
836:(in French).
835:
831:
827:
821:
818:
814:
808:
805:
792:
788:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
769:
758:
754:
748:
745:
732:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
707:
698:
696:
692:
685:
683:
680:
672:
670:
664:
656:
650:
646:
644:
642:
637:
636:
632:
625:
623:
621:
617:
612:
610:
602:
600:
593:
588:
586:
584:
580:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
556:
553:
550:
549:T. c. fannyae
547:
544:
540:
537:
534:
530:
527:
524:
523:T. c. venusta
521:
518:
515:
514:
513:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
488:male is like
487:
482:
481:T. c. fannyae
478:
476:
472:
471:T. c. venusta
468:
463:
460:
457:
448:
446:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:T. c. fannyae
413:
410:
408:(Gould, 1851)
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
388:
387:T. c. fannyae
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
365:
362:
359:
355:
354:T. c. venusta
352:
349:
346:
343:
342:
341:
339:
334:
332:
328:
327:
323:
319:
316:
315:binomial name
312:
308:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
260:
255:
250:
244:
242:
236:
233:
232:Binomial name
229:
225:
224:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
125:
120:
116:
110:
104:
99:
93:
88:
87:Least Concern
77:
73:
68:
63:
59:
54:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:
30:
19:
1022:
998:
994:
985:
977:
958:
948:
936:
931:
919:
877:
865:. Retrieved
858:
854:
846:
837:
833:
820:
807:
795:. Retrieved
790:
760:. Retrieved
756:
747:
735:. Retrieved
717:
711:
705:
676:
668:
665:Vocalization
648:
638:
629:
613:
606:
597:
576:
570:
564:
559:Cauca Valley
554:
548:
538:
528:
522:
516:
511:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
479:
474:
470:
466:
464:
458:
452:
442:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
417:
411:
405:
396:
386:
373:
363:
353:
344:
335:
324:
317:
304:
278:
273:
272:
268:
266:
240:
238:
222:
221:
209:
172:
31:
29:
1215:Neotropical
1150:iNaturalist
1047:Wikispecies
581:and mature
449:Description
414:Gould, 1871
326:Thalurania
283:hummingbird
199:Trochilidae
189:Apodiformes
105:Appendix II
1289:Categories
1267:Xeno-canto
867:15 January
762:2022-01-14
686:References
616:arthropods
338:subspecies
331:John Gould
210:Thalurania
1038:Q15707884
797:August 9,
757:cites.org
737:26 August
609:epiphytes
381:Phelps Jr
333:in 1848.
291:Guatemala
217:Species:
179:Strisores
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
1254:Species+
1194:22726696
1168:11344613
1080:22726696
1075:BirdLife
1032:Wikidata
957:(1989).
828:(1843).
793:. v 12.2
626:Breeding
594:Movement
589:Behavior
391:Delattre
368:Bourcier
249:Bourcier
195:Family:
156:Chordata
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
92:IUCN 3.1
1220:crowoo1
1142:2476528
1129:crowoo1
1103:crowoo1
1062:Avibase
620:hawking
603:Feeding
579:primary
543:Táchira
502:coverts
490:fannyae
400:Griscom
370:, 1843)
360:, 1851)
348:Ridgway
251:, 1843)
205:Genus:
185:Order:
162:Class:
107: (
90: (
65:Female
1207:304687
1181:555122
1155:339923
965:
673:Status
402:, 1932
383:, 1956
379:&
377:Phelps
350:, 1888
336:Seven
287:Belize
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