1013:
468:
1246:
60:
2124:
1471:
478:
6858:
2110:
457:
1388:
1174:, who, drawing from the work of Henry David Thoreau, conceived of anarchism as a means to promote unity between humans and the natural world. These early ecological developments in anarchism lay the foundations for the elaboration of green anarchism in the 1960s, when it was first taken up by figures within the
1564:
By the 21st century, green anarchists had begun to move beyond the previous century's divisions into social ecologist and anarcho-primitivst camps, establishing a new body of theory that rejected the dualisms of humanity against nature and civilisation against wilderness. Drawing on the biocentric
1027:
of nature by humans, but also framed humanity as an intrinsic part of its natural environment and placed great value in the natural world. Kropotkin was among the first environmentalist thinkers to note the connections between industrialisation, environmental degradation and
2058:", eco-anarchism also recognises humans as an intrinsic part of the ecosystem that they live in and how their culture, history and language is shaped by their local environments. Eco-anarchists therefore argue for the abolition of states and their replacement with
1695:
of increasing socio-ecological devastation. Considering social hierarchy to go against the natural evolutionary tendencies towards complexity and diversity, social ecology concludes that oppressive hierarchies have to be abolished in order to resolve the
2053:
to be the primary cause of environmental degradation, as states promote greater industrial extraction and production as means to remain competitive with other state powers, even at the expense of the environment. Drawing from the ecological principle of
1748:
of all life, regardless of its utility to humankind. Unlike social ecologists, theorists of deep ecology considered human society to be incapable of reversing environmental degradation and, as a result, proposed a drastic reduction in
5829:
5819:
1609:
called for human solidarity with both plants and animals, neither of which she considered to be lesser than humans, even describing them as "natural anarchists" that do not recognise or obey any government's laws.
1917:
Although a diverse body of thought, eco-anarchist theory has a fundamental basis unified by certain shared principles. Eco-anarchism considers there to be a direct connection between the problems of
1909:
and rejects the idea that the industrial economy has a "liberatory potential"; but it also rejects the radical environmentalist calls for a "complete, immediate break with industrialism".
1417:
in France, Germany and the United States providing a direct continuity between contemporary environmentalism and the New Left of the 1960s. In the 1980s, green anarchist groups such as
3566:
925:. The framework for an ecological anarchism was thus set in place, as a means to reject anthropocentric hierarchies that positioned humans in a dominating position over nature.
1601:; he has called for the abolition of the hierarchy between humans and animals, although he implicitly excludes non-sentient plants from this moral consideration. Drawing from
1561:
argued that anarchism is intrinsically environmentalist, as it shared the ecologist principles of decentralisation, non-hierarchical social organisation and interdependence.
965:. However, he also saw humans as uniquely capable of self-determination and called for humanity to achieve a mastery of its own natural environment as a means to achieve
507:
1691:
According to social ecology, the oppression of humans by humans directly preceded the exploitation of the environment by hierarchical society, which itself caused a
7147:
5844:
3496:
Edwards-Schuth, Brandon; Lupinacci, John (2023). "Anarchism, EcoJustice, and Earth
Democracy". In Lupinacci, John; Happel-Parkins, Alison; Turner, Rita (eds.).
1263:. Bookchin had already began addressing the problem of environmental degradation as far back as the 1950s. In 1962, he published the first major modern work of
1833:. As such, Zerzan proposed the abolition of technology and science, in order for society to be broken down and humans to return to a hunter-gather lifestyle.
5291:
5941:
1529:, even outnumbering the environmentalists and anarchists. Drawing from its anarchist roots, the AGM adopted a decentralised and non-hierarchical model of
6791:
945:
as the basis for anarchism. Drawing from
Charles Darwin's work, Bakunin considered people to be an intrinsic part of their environment. Bakunin rejected
3845:
1513:(EZLN) becoming a key organisation within the movement. It also gained a wide range of support from different sectors of society, not only including
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1897:
would be best positioned to dismantle the industrial economy, through the decentralisation and localisation of production. In contrast to
1654:. Social ecology considers human society to be both the cause of and solution to environmental degradation, envisioning the creation of a
1206:
coincided with a concurrent revival of interest in anarchism, leading to anarchists having a considerable influence on the development of
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1459:(ELF) first rose to prominence. Eco-anarchist actions have included violent attacks, such as those carried out by cells of the
1042:
7469:
7132:
6711:
4230:
1553:
have claimed contemporary anarchism to be the only political movement capable of addressing climate change. In his 1996 book
1029:
720:
of industrial capitalism, it advocates for the degrowth and deindustrialisation of the economy. It also pushes for greater
7011:
6286:
6261:
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1894:
1558:
1506:
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282:
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5555:
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6761:
6281:
5362:
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4647:
1498:
1475:
829:
532:
112:
5635:
1882:
1493:, green anarchists broadened their scope of action from a specific environmentalist focus into one that agitated for
785:
increasingly forced dispossessed workers into factories, more wide-reaching ecological damage began to be noticed by
3903:
Radcliffe, James (2016) . "Eco-anarchism, the New Left and
Romanticism". In Rignall, John; Klaus, H. Gustav (eds.).
6959:
6831:
6471:
6256:
6186:
5901:
5759:
5647:
3330:
Aaltola, Elisa (2010). "Green
Anarchy: Deep Ecology and Primitivism". In Franks, Benjamin; Wilson, Matthew (eds.).
1885:
as a means to address environmental degradation, green syndicalism pushes for workers to agitate their colleagues,
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and diversity. While he saw human society as having the potential to become "nature rendered self-conscious", in
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1550:
1526:
1345:
1327:
Following on from deep ecology, the next major development in green anarchist philosophy was the articulation of
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of the economy, which he felt would increase people's connection with the land and halt environmental damage. In
1002:
809:
650:
579:
262:
225:
89:
1813:, which it considers to have been the source of all social problems. According to American primitivist theorist
7554:
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5871:
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5754:
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was ultimately able to achieve a "quasi-renaissance" in anarchist ideas, tendencies and modes of organisation.
1207:
998:
631:
552:
192:
162:
43:
6076:
6041:
3942:
Shahar, Dan C. (2020). "Anarchism for an
Ecological Crisis?". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.).
1103:
Reclus himself argued that environmental degradation caused by industrialisation, exemplified to him by mass
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365:
172:
3987:"Beyond Statism and Deliberation: Questioning Ecological Democracy through Eco-Anarchism and Cosmopolitics"
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5425:
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5306:
5301:
5180:
5170:
5160:
5105:
4373:
4217:
4174:
Williams, Dana M. (2009). "Red vs. green: regional variation of anarchist ideology in the United States".
2147:
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1870:
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1538:
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1430:
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7218:
6821:
6631:
6611:
6571:
6556:
6401:
6381:
6161:
5936:
5911:
5854:
5804:
5250:
5195:
5060:
5050:
5045:
4127:
2167:
1834:
1414:
1274:
1147:
974:
922:
848:, whose best-selling works helped to alter the popular perception of nature by rejecting the dualistic "
845:
817:
758:
607:
548:
436:
202:
117:
4901:
1845:
have been critical of anarcho-primitivism, with the former arguing that it would inevitably result in
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6426:
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6247:
6061:
6031:
6021:
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4756:
4136:
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2797:
1994:
1890:
1858:
1754:
1741:
1525:, church groups and the agricultural sector. Trade unionists were the most prominent presence at the
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17:
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6386:
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5530:
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5255:
4244:
2172:
2142:
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2030:
2010:
1970:
1942:
1902:
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had given way to a disfigured form of society that was both ecologically and socially destructive.
1606:
1574:
1537:
as a means to network and communicate. Through the environmental and anti-globalisation movements,
1328:
1163:
1089:
1063:
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837:
813:
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702:
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3335:
2055:
1998:
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1518:
1305:
1128:
1059:
570:
Ecological approaches to anarchism were first formulated during the 19th century, as the rise of
471:
212:
6046:
3788:
Parson, Sean (2018). "Ecocentrism". In Franks, Benjamin; Jun, Nathan; Williams, Leonard (eds.).
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3525:
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3455:
3426:
3416:
3399:
Carter, Alan B. (2002). "Anarchism/eco-anarchism". In Barry, John; Frankland, E. Gene (eds.).
3387:
3377:
3347:
2815:
2095:
2059:
2006:
1965:
Green anarchism traces the roots of all forms of oppression to the widespread transition from
1934:
1826:
1822:
1713:
1697:
1614:
1530:
1304:. In 1985, this philosophy was developed into a political programme by the American academics
1171:
1155:
1142:
Kropotkin and Reclus' synthesis of environmental and social justice formed the foundation for
1108:
946:
801:
762:
737:
698:
182:
84:
708:
At its core, green anarchism concerns itself with the identification and abolition of social
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2115:
1986:
1938:
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1701:
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1231:
1120:
1051:
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918:
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853:
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619:
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307:
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137:
127:
94:
59:
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7203:
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5683:
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5480:
5185:
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4500:
4276:
3722:
2129:
1966:
1950:
1926:
1906:
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1622:
1363:
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1249:
1016:
978:
938:
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277:
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122:
31:
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1581:
between humanity and the non-human natural world, in a call that was taken up in 2009 by
4865:
4827:
4406:
4140:
3610:
2801:
637:
Green anarchism was first developed into a distinct political theory by sections of the
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7491:
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7414:
7409:
7379:
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6944:
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2050:
2021:
as a form of resistance against civilisation, which they wish to replace with a way of
2014:
1842:
1758:
1721:
1692:
1494:
1277:. Over the subsequent decades, Bookchin developed the first theory of green anarchism,
1159:
1151:
1006:
994:
871:
800:
were reaching their height, political philosophers first began to develop critiques of
770:
741:
733:
729:
627:
587:
431:
272:
197:
132:
2123:
1470:
1210:. Principles and practices that already formed the core of anarchist philosophy, from
477:
7548:
7481:
7439:
7369:
7258:
7228:
7157:
7116:
7106:
7071:
7036:
6226:
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6146:
6126:
6081:
6036:
5931:
5881:
5799:
5620:
5565:
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5145:
5125:
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4555:
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4022:
4005:
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3977:
3947:
3895:
3634:
3546:
3488:
2162:
2022:
2018:
2005:
and its manifestations in globalized capitalism, which they consider to be causing a
1490:
1422:
1410:
1406:
1350:
1211:
1143:
1136:
1104:
1067:
1024:
857:
825:
694:
658:
645:. From the 1970s onwards, three main tendencies of green anarchism were established:
426:
292:
207:
152:
4195:
3827:
1451:
were also driven by eco-anarchists, while eco-anarchist action networks such as the
1218:, thus became foundational to radical environmentalism. As the threats presented by
1019:, an early environmentalist figure and a predecessor of the green anarchist tendency
7444:
7429:
7374:
7243:
7021:
6766:
6756:
6231:
6156:
6096:
6071:
6016:
5668:
5630:
5595:
5120:
5055:
4474:
4468:
4212:
3717:
Mellos, Koula (1988). "Theory of Eco-anarchism: Bookchin's
Critique of Authority".
2182:
2152:
2002:
1978:
1974:
1930:
1838:
1810:
1774:
1762:
1733:
1705:
1602:
1434:
1418:
1340:
1321:
1293:
1259:
Green anarchism as a tendency was first developed by the
American social anarchist
1235:
1199:
1167:
1132:
1112:
1047:
942:
883:
879:
821:
725:
717:
713:
686:
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232:
167:
79:
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4728:
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4311:
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2157:
2034:
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1814:
1806:
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1618:
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1522:
1354:
1332:
1313:
1075:
890:
797:
782:
674:
575:
322:
312:
247:
242:
177:
157:
4148:
933:
The ecological roots of anarchism go back to the classical anarchists, such as
7248:
7188:
7091:
7056:
6796:
6781:
6776:
6221:
5693:
5343:
5220:
5190:
5085:
4981:
4187:
4069:"Eco-refuges as Anarchist's Promised Land or the End of Dialectical Anarchism"
4043:
3770:
3511:
3438:
Curran, Giorel (2004). "Anarchism, environmentalism, and anti–globalisation".
2105:
2091:
2083:
1954:
1802:
1675:
1578:
1570:
1467:(ITS) against nuclear scientists and nanotechnology researchers respectively.
1336:
1245:
1187:
914:
861:
793:
682:
571:
4638:
4329:
4084:
4051:
4014:
3959:
3916:
3709:
3669:
3626:
3587:
3467:
Dunlap, Alexander (2021). "Toward an
Anarchist Decolonization: A Few Notes".
3459:
1115:, which he felt subordinated both workers and the environment to the goal of
7404:
6836:
6786:
6116:
5678:
5235:
5130:
5022:
4856:
4807:
4712:
4608:
4575:
3951:
3908:
3793:
3451:
3404:
3373:
3343:
2038:
1990:
1922:
1862:
1830:
1766:
1685:
1671:
1594:
1426:
1317:
1282:
1227:
1085:
1036:, who called for an increase in industrialisation, Kropotkin argued for the
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910:
906:
902:
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805:
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709:
411:
237:
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4166:
2819:
1724:
and re-educate individuals into socially and ecologically-minded citizens.
1387:
3595:
Hall, Matthew (2011). "Beyond the human: extending ecological anarchism".
3412:
832:. Early political approaches to environmentalism were supplemented by the
7384:
7026:
6975:
6141:
5698:
5382:
5200:
4834:
4694:
4653:
4590:
4441:
4379:
4250:
1946:
1886:
1846:
1590:
1534:
1514:
1175:
1071:
1055:
638:
623:
441:
142:
4030:
Taylor, Bron (2013). "Threat
Assessments and Radical Environmentalism".
3751:(2017). "Anarchism and Environmental Philosophy". In Jun, Nathan (ed.).
3660:
3643:
2645:
2643:
6826:
5040:
4567:
3833:
1898:
1778:
1659:
1647:
1093:
1033:
985:, who conceived the relationship between human society and nature as a
966:
867:
583:
560:
536:
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1569:
called for a "revolutionary environmentalism" capable of overthrowing
1119:. Reclus was also one of the earliest figures to develop the idea of "
7253:
5991:
5926:
3905:
Ecology and the
Literature of the British Left: The Red and the Green
3758:
3752:
3687:
3369:
2026:
1982:
1782:
1651:
1479:
1448:
1405:
By the 1970s, radical environmentalist groups had begun to carry out
1399:
962:
812:. In response, these early environmentalists developed a concern for
603:
341:
2810:
2785:
1889:
environmentally destructive practices in their workplaces, and form
6216:
4720:
4671:
4459:
3934:
3841:
3811:
3529:
3430:
1469:
1386:
1349:
during the mid-1980s, anarcho-primitivist theory was developed by
1343:. First developed in the pages of the American anarchist magazine
1252:, a founding figure of green anarchism and the chief proponent of
1244:
1046:, Kropotkin advocated for the satisfaction of human needs through
1011:
958:
599:
6887:
4974:
4867:
Philosophical Dialogues: Arne Næss and the Progress of Philosophy
4649:
Anarchy, Geography, Modernity: Selected Writings of Elisée Reclus
4268:
1497:. Green anarchists were instrumental in the establishment of the
4889:
4746:
4547:
4492:
4426:
4397:
3391:
1881:(IWW) to adopt ecological concerns into their platforms. Seeing
1598:
6891:
4995:
4794:
4528:
4092:
Ward, Colin (2004). "Green aspirations and anarchist futures".
3564:
Hailwood, Simon (2003). "Eco-Anarchism and Liberal Reformism".
1521:
or the environmental and peace movements, but also people from
1433:. They called their sabotage actions "monkey-wrenching", after
641:, as a revival in anarchism coincided with the emergence of an
3567:
Ecotheology: Journal of Religion, Nature & the Environment
3537:
Gordon, Uri (2009). "Eco-Anarchism". In Ness, Immanuel (ed.).
1949:
of the economy and the re-centring of social relations around
774:
905:
emerged as a political philosophy that rejected all forms of
4991:
4646:
Reclus, Élisée (2013). Clark, John; Martin, Camille (eds.).
2715:
2713:
2411:
2409:
2407:
1485:
As environmental degradation was accelerated by the rise of
2630:
2628:
3165:
3163:
3161:
1821:
in agricultural societies that had first given way to the
1166:. Ecological aspects of anarchism were also emphasised by
4829:
Against the Megamachine: Essays on Empire and its Enemies
4067:
Verstraeten, Guido J. M.; Verstraeten, Willem W. (2014).
1585:, who called for eco-anarchists to commit themselves to "
1501:(AGM), as well as its transformation into the subsequent
1230:
became more urgent, the first green anarchists turned to
864:, has been a direct inspiration for many eco-anarchists.
4952:(Revised ed.). Columbia Alternative Library Press.
3539:
The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest
2684:
2682:
2560:
2558:
2556:
4408:
The Rise of Urbanization and the Decline of Citizenship
3944:
The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought
3644:"Navigating Extinction: Zen Buddhism and Eco-Anarchism"
3280:
3278:
2767:
2765:
2615:
2613:
2244:
2242:
2229:
2227:
689:. In the 21st century, these tendencies were joined by
4117:
Wiedmann, Thomas; Lenzen, Manfred; KeyĂźer, Lorenz T.;
2732:
2730:
2728:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2202:
2200:
2198:
1773:
lifestyle. Some deep ecologists, including members of
1533:, embracing new "anarchical" technologies such as the
30:"Green anarchy" redirects here. For the magazine, see
2289:
2287:
2285:
1292:
developed another green anarchist tendency, known as
712:
that cause environmental degradation. Opposed to the
3401:
International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics
1674:, which intrinsically tended toward ever-increasing
1646:
is based on an analysis of the relationship between
1186:
Green anarchism first emerged after the dawn of the
7176:
7125:
6999:
6968:
6927:
6736:
6296:
6246:
5971:
5774:
5646:
5554:
5518:
5471:
5394:
5325:
5316:
5266:
5029:
1700:. Bookchin thus proposed a decentralised system of
1357:. It was later taken up by the American periodical
701:, which calls for the workers themselves to manage
4826:
4682:Green Syndicalism: An Alternative Red/Green Vision
4559:
4338:
2086:within a broader ecological context, holding that
1973:. According to green anarchism, the foundation of
1111:, was characteristic of the "barbarity" of modern
1001:, anticipated the green anarchist philosophies of
3826:. In Bellamy, Brent Ryan; Diamanti, Jeff (eds.).
2098:, due to both its social and ecological affects.
852:" conflict. In particular, Thoreau's advocacy of
765:were small-scale, localised to areas affected by
3683:Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism
1893:. Green syndicalist Jeff Shantz proposed that a
1023:Like Bakunin before him, Kropotkin extolled the
7148:Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
4864:Witoszek, Nina; Brennan, Andrew, eds. (1999).
4073:Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies
1777:, have even welcomed the mass death caused by
27:Branch of anarchism focused on the environment
6903:
5007:
3754:Brill's Companion to Anarchism and Philosophy
3499:Ecocritical Perspectives in Teacher Education
2001:. Green anarchists are therefore critical of
1621:models of workplace organisation to link the
1593:ought to be extended to animals due to their
1589:" and extend solidarity to animals. To Best,
501:
8:
1684:, Bookchin elaborated that the emergence of
1613:In 2012, Jeff Shantz developed a theory of "
1577:of biodiversity. Somma championed a form of
1445:road protest movements in the United Kingdom
1273:, which warned of the ecological dangers of
3860:. In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.).
1670:saw society itself as a natural product of
6910:
6896:
6888:
6792:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
5322:
5014:
5000:
4992:
4470:Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered
3985:Smessaert, Jacob; Feola, Giuseppe (2023).
1573:, reducing consumption and organising the
1505:(GJM). The AGM gained support in both the
1413:infrastructure, with mobilisations of the
598:that rejected the dualistic separation of
508:
494:
38:
4156:
4004:
3719:Perspectives on Ecology: A Critical Essay
3659:
3076:
2809:
2094:. As such, green anarchism is opposed to
1761:, which advocated the replacement of the
1367:, and partly inspired groups such as the
1084:, he elaborated on the natural basis for
724:and decentralisation, proposing forms of
3300:
3269:
3241:
3181:
3169:
2752:
1320:as a green anarchist alternative to the
4467:Devall, Bill; Sessions, George (1985).
2218:
2194:
1865:, advocates for the unification of the
626:of industry as a means to advance both
50:
5795:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA
3851:from the original on 25 February 2021.
3829:Materialism and the Critique of Energy
3440:Interdisciplinary Environmental Review
3312:
3296:
3284:
3257:
3245:
3229:
3225:
3213:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3100:
3068:
3048:
3008:
2976:
2892:
2880:
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2748:
2736:
2719:
2700:
2688:
2669:
2665:
2649:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2576:
2564:
2523:
2519:
2495:
2483:
2479:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2369:
2357:
2341:
2305:
2276:
2264:
2248:
2233:
2090:is intrinsically linked with societal
1801:aims its critique at the emergence of
1769:, as well as a widespread return to a
7143:Federation of Green Parties of Africa
4562:Against His-Story, Against Leviathan!
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3088:
3072:
3052:
3036:
3024:
3012:
2996:
2984:
2771:
2756:
2704:
2673:
2653:
2634:
2619:
2604:
2580:
2543:
2527:
2507:
2467:
2206:
1757:proposed by deep ecologists included
1565:philosophy of deep ecology, in 2006,
1545:Contemporary theoretical developments
1511:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
1421:started taking direct action against
7:
4095:Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction
3836:: MCM Publishing. pp. 547–579.
3064:
2980:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2547:
2531:
2398:
2386:
2353:
2329:
2317:
2293:
2260:
2049:Eco-anarchism considers the rise of
1549:Writers such as Murray Bookchin and
1285:as the root of ecological problems.
1202:. During the 1960s, the rise of the
1058:of industry. He also criticised the
870:in its modern form was developed by
18:Green anarchism in the United States
7153:Federation of Young European Greens
2078:Ecological anarchism considers the
1857:Green syndicalism, as developed by
878:provided a scientific rejection of
681:, which calls for the abolition of
4123:"Scientists' warning on affluence"
3862:The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism
3821:"Anarchism and Unconventional Oil"
1465:Individualists Tending to the Wild
1377:Individualists Tending to the Wild
889:, instead emphasising the role of
25:
4924:Future Primitive and Other Essays
4539:Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
4223:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2138:Animal rights and punk subculture
1353:, David Watson, and particularly
1081:Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
792:During the late 19th century, as
390:Future Primitive and Other Essays
358:Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
7461:List of environmental incidents
6856:
5830:International Conference of Rome
5820:International Conference of Rome
4975:The Institute for Social Ecology
4506:Fields, Factories, and Workshops
4032:Terrorism and Political Violence
4006:10.3197/096327123X16759401706533
3790:Anarchism: A Conceptual Approach
3547:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0491
3366:A Radical Green Political Theory
2122:
2108:
1989:, which led to the formation of
1708:, where people themselves could
1208:radical environmentalist thought
1194:brought with them a new host of
476:
466:
455:
350:Fields, Factories, and Workshops
58:
4176:Journal of Political Ideologies
2784:Phillips, Leigh (28 May 2012).
2029:. This may involve cultivating
1879:Industrial Workers of the World
1829:which became characteristic of
1474:Political demonstration by the
1312:, while Australian philosopher
1288:In 1973, Norwegian philosopher
1043:Fields, Factories and Workshops
7133:Asia Pacific Greens Federation
5942:Australian Anarchist Centenary
5867:German Revolution of 1918–1919
4900:; Carnes, Alice, eds. (1991).
4542:. McClure, Phillips & Co.
4437:Social Ecology and Communalism
4285:(Revised ed.). New York:
4246:The Politics of Social Ecology
3332:Anarchism and Moral Philosophy
1710:participate in decision making
1642:The green anarchist theory of
860:, as well as his love for the
1:
7012:Bright green environmentalism
5581:Decentralized planned economy
4802:Tobias, Michael, ed. (1984).
3481:10.1080/10455752.2021.1879186
2062:, upholding various forms of
1895:free association of producers
1662:society through a process of
1507:Global North and Global South
1461:Informal Anarchist Federation
1131:and thus advocating for both
1088:, depicting the formation of
804:, which had caused a rise in
606:. This was developed into an
7560:Anarchist schools of thought
7224:Corporate political activism
5176:Proletarian internationalism
4341:Toward an Ecological Society
3878:10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_16
3619:10.1080/09644016.2011.573360
3580:10.1558/ecotheology.v8i2.224
1945:, it also advocates for the
1905:, green syndicalism opposes
917:, and instead advocated for
342:Walden, or life in the woods
7017:Criticisms of globalization
5877:1919 United States bombings
4988:" at The Anarchist Library.
3731:10.1007/978-1-349-19598-5_5
3469:Capitalism Nature Socialism
2786:"Anarchists attack science"
2017:". Green anarchists uphold
1499:anti-globalisation movement
1476:anti-globalisation movement
830:natural resource management
533:anarchist school of thought
7616:
7570:Animal rights and politics
6960:Politics of climate change
6832:Situationist International
5902:Spanish Revolution of 1936
5760:Self-managed social center
4906:. New Society Publishers.
4583:Purchase, Graham (1997) .
4372:Bookchin, Murray (1991) .
4304:Bookchin, Murray (1986) .
4149:10.1038/s41467-020-16941-y
3819:Parsons, Jonathan (2018).
3642:Holohan, Kevin J. (2022).
1316:proposed the formation of
1146:, chiefly associated with
1123:", directly comparing the
761:, the only occurrences of
29:
7199:Climate change mitigation
6935:Climate change litigation
6851:
5957:Really Really Free Market
5952:1999 Seattle WTO protests
5241:Temporary autonomous zone
5166:Permanent autonomous zone
5101:Consensus decision-making
4762:New Directions Publishing
4739:New Directions Publishing
4687:Syracuse University Press
4621:"The Progress of Mankind"
4536:Kropotkin, Peter (1902).
4434:Bookchin, Murray (2007).
4405:Bookchin, Murray (1987).
4337:Bookchin, Murray (1980).
4282:Our Synthetic Environment
4188:10.1080/13569310902925816
4044:10.1080/09546550390449962
3771:10.1163/9789004356894_015
3512:10.1163/9789004532793_008
2088:environmental degradation
1919:environmental degradation
1704:, centred locally in the
1617:", which seeks to use of
1557:, British anthropologist
1527:1999 Seattle WTO protests
1281:, which presented social
1270:Our Synthetic Environment
1220:environmental degradation
810:environmental degradation
649:elaborated the theory of
580:environmental degradation
7336:Environmental skepticism
7239:Ecological modernization
7168:World Ecological Parties
5947:Carnival Against Capital
5872:Bavarian Soviet Republic
5861:Manifesto of the Sixteen
5755:Radical environmentalism
5704:Independent Media Center
5636:Workers' self-management
5081:Autonomous social center
4872:Rowman & Littlefield
4782:The Practice of the Wild
3960:10.4324/9781315185255-27
3917:10.4324/9781315578675-15
2178:Operation Backfire (FBI)
1961:Critique of civilisation
1927:anti-capitalist critique
1883:workers' self-management
1443:. During the 1990s, the
1331:, which was critical of
1240:socio-ecological systems
1096:through the practice of
999:environmental protection
941:, who both conceived of
901:. Around the same time,
677:developed the theory of
632:environmental protection
618:, who advocated for the
553:radical environmentalism
193:Radical environmentalism
163:Environmental protection
7565:Animal Liberation Front
7184:Carbon fee and dividend
5576:Cost the limit of price
4626:The Contemporary Review
4307:Post-Scarcity Anarchism
4100:Oxford University Press
3452:10.1504/IER.2004.053924
3344:10.1057/9780230289680_9
1744:, which recognizes the
1664:sociocultural evolution
1531:horizontal organisation
1503:global justice movement
1453:Animal Liberation Front
1396:Animal Liberation Front
1392:Political demonstration
1383:From theory to practice
1369:Animal Liberation Front
1361:and British periodical
1192:centralized governments
366:Post-Scarcity Anarchism
7585:Earth Liberation Front
7575:Animal rights movement
7274:effects of agriculture
6372:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5181:Propaganda of the deed
5171:Prefigurative politics
5161:Participatory politics
5106:Conscientious objector
4980:Articles tagged with "
4946:Zerzan, John (1999) .
4903:Questioning Technology
4825:Watson, David (1998).
4375:The Ecology of Freedom
4218:The Monkey Wrench Gang
3598:Environmental Politics
2148:Earth Liberation Front
2080:exploitation of labour
1871:environmental movement
1835:Libertarian socialists
1681:The Ecology of Freedom
1627:environmental movement
1539:contemporary anarchism
1487:economic globalisation
1482:
1457:Earth Liberation Front
1440:The Monkey Wrench Gang
1431:industrial agriculture
1402:
1373:Earth Liberation Front
1256:
1224:industrial agriculture
1204:environmental movement
1148:libertarian socialists
1125:exploitation of labour
1020:
973:was developed into an
935:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
802:industrialised society
669:, which advocates for
665:defined the theory of
643:environmental movement
374:The Ecology of Freedom
335:Books and publications
7355:Fossil fuel phase-out
7219:Conservation movement
6822:Libertarian socialism
5937:Kate Sharpley Library
5912:Red inverted triangle
5855:High Treason Incident
5845:Congress of Amsterdam
5251:Voluntary association
5061:Anti-authoritarianism
5051:Anarchist criminology
5046:Anarchist Black Cross
4921:Zerzan, John (1994).
4779:Snyder, Gary (1990).
4754:Snyder, Gary (1974).
4679:Shantz, Jeff (2012).
4633:(December): 761–683.
4586:Anarchism and Ecology
4411:. Sierra Club Books.
4128:Nature Communications
4119:Steinberger, Julia K.
3413:10.4324/9780203996188
2168:Intentional community
2013:that necessitates a "
1967:hunting and gathering
1597:and capacity to feel
1555:Ecology and Anarchism
1473:
1415:anti-nuclear movement
1390:
1275:pesticide application
1248:
1150:who advocated for a "
1015:
975:ecological philosophy
923:voluntary association
846:Ernest Thompson Seton
818:wildlife conservation
759:Industrial Revolution
608:ecological philosophy
596:naturalist philosophy
437:Libertarian socialism
118:Anti-authoritarianism
7234:Ecological economics
7138:European Green Party
7102:Green libertarianism
6986:Grassroots democracy
6863:Anarchism portal
6267:Fictional characters
5750:Radical cheerleading
4695:10.2307/j.ctt1j1nv1v
4593:: Black Rose Books.
4382:: Black Rose Books.
4378:(Revised ed.).
4349:: Black Rose Books.
4314:: Black Rose Books.
4253:: Black Rose Books.
3992:Environmental Values
3954:. pp. 381–392.
3911:. pp. 193–206.
3872:. pp. 281–291.
3856:Price, Andy (2019).
3796:. pp. 219–233.
3765:. pp. 369–400.
3506:. pp. 138–157.
3338:. pp. 161–185.
3075:, pp. 284–285;
2983:, pp. 379–380;
2672:, pp. 223–224;
2652:, pp. 223–224;
1995:capital accumulation
1971:sedentary lifestyles
1755:human overpopulation
1296:, which rejected of
1216:community organizing
1117:capital accumulation
991:environmental ethics
876:evolutionary biology
655:environmental issues
653:, which argues that
541:environmental issues
525:ecological anarchism
462:Anarchism portal
7435:transport hierarchy
7279:effects of aviation
7163:Global Young Greens
7042:Ecoauthoritarianism
7007:Alter-globalization
6812:Left-libertarianism
5887:Kronstadt rebellion
5825:Trial of the Thirty
5790:Revolutions of 1848
5732:No gods, no masters
5541:Synthesis anarchism
5531:Anarcho-syndicalism
5519:Types of federation
4949:Elements of Refusal
4570:: Black & Red.
4141:2020NatCo..11.3107W
3725:. pp. 77–107.
3661:10.3390/rel13010060
3611:2011EnvPo..20..374H
3272:, pp. 688–689.
3260:, pp. 224–225.
3232:, pp. 222–223.
3143:, pp. 288–289.
3119:, pp. 285–286.
3027:, pp. 283–284.
3015:, pp. 283–284.
2999:, pp. 282–283.
2967:, pp. 385–386.
2955:, pp. 384–385.
2931:, pp. 383–384.
2802:2012Natur.485..561P
2722:, pp. 223–224.
2637:, pp. 287–288.
2470:, pp. 281–282.
2458:, pp. 220–223.
2442:, pp. 372–373.
2430:, pp. 220–221.
2418:, pp. 222–223.
2372:, pp. 370–371.
2320:, pp. 375–378.
2308:, pp. 373–374.
2173:Left-libertarianism
2143:Chellis Glendinning
2074:Deindustrialisation
2060:stateless societies
2031:self-sustainability
2011:ecological collapse
1977:was defined by the
1943:community ownership
1925:, and maintains an
1903:anarcho-syndicalism
1799:anarcho-primitivism
1793:Anarcho-primitivism
1753:. The solutions to
1666:. Social ecologist
1329:anarcho-primitivism
1090:social organisation
1030:workers' alienation
977:by the geographers
838:Henry David Thoreau
836:of writers such as
834:literary naturalism
703:deindustrialisation
679:anarcho-primitivism
657:stem directly from
582:. Drawing from the
557:social organization
555:, which emphasises
188:Primitive communism
148:Deindustrialization
107:Theory and practice
75:Anarcho-primitivism
7595:Political theories
7457:Low-carbon economy
7087:Green conservatism
6940:Fossil fuels lobby
6762:Anti-globalization
6432:Dominican Republic
6257:Anarcho-punk bands
5917:Labadie Collection
5907:Barcelona May Days
5810:Cantonal rebellion
5744:Property is theft!
5710:The Internationale
5664:Anarchist bookfair
5463:Without adjectives
5318:Schools of thought
4102:. pp. 90–98.
3870:Palgrave Macmillan
3678:Marshall, Peter H.
3336:Palgrave Macmillan
2056:unity in diversity
1999:division of labour
1819:division of labour
1787:population control
1718:popular assemblies
1712:. He envisioned a
1519:left-wing politics
1483:
1403:
1257:
1190:, as increasingly
1129:cruelty to animals
1070:, and between the
1060:division of labour
1021:
897:in the process of
850:man against nature
549:anti-authoritarian
472:Environment portal
213:Unity in diversity
69:Schools of thought
7542:
7541:
7477:Political ecology
7395:industrial policy
6976:Ecological wisdom
6885:
6884:
6842:Spontaneous order
6772:Anti-war movement
6277:Jewish anarchists
5785:French Revolution
5738:Popular education
5514:
5513:
5231:Spontaneous order
5091:Classless society
4787:North Point Press
4704:978-0-8156-3307-5
4663:978-1-60486-429-8
4511:Allen & Unwin
4451:978-1-904859-49-9
4260:978-1-55164-415-8
4109:978-0-19-280477-8
3887:978-3-319-75620-2
3866:Cham, Switzerland
3858:"Green Anarchism"
3803:978-1-138-92565-6
3780:978-90-04-35689-4
3740:978-1-349-19600-5
3701:978-0-00-686245-1
3353:978-0-230-28968-0
2895:, pp. 49–50.
2883:, pp. 46–47.
2859:, pp. 45–46.
2847:, pp. 44–45.
2498:, pp. 40–41.
1987:natural resources
1951:local communities
1891:workers' councils
1853:Green syndicalism
1823:social inequality
1698:ecological crisis
1615:green syndicalism
1238:as solutions for
1172:Alexander Berkman
1156:Robert Blatchford
1109:Pacific Northwest
1076:urban proletariat
1032:. In contrast to
993:, which combined
947:Cartesian dualism
895:individual agency
767:natural disasters
763:ecological crisis
699:green syndicalism
518:
517:
183:Neo-Malthusianism
85:Green syndicalism
16:(Redirected from
7607:
7487:Renewable energy
7326:Environmentalism
7194:Circular economy
7097:Green liberalism
7077:Environmentalism
6921:
6912:
6905:
6898:
6889:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6752:Anti-consumerism
6747:Anti-corporatism
5897:Amakasu Incident
5840:Strandza Commune
5815:Haymarket affair
5716:Jewish anarchism
5658:A las Barricadas
5626:Social ownership
5611:Market socialism
5586:Free association
5546:Union of egoists
5323:
5256:Workers' council
5246:Union of egoists
5206:Security culture
5116:Decentralization
5111:Critique of work
5016:
5009:
5002:
4993:
4963:
4942:
4917:
4893:
4860:
4832:
4821:
4798:
4775:
4750:
4734:Earth House Hold
4724:
4675:
4642:
4612:
4579:
4565:
4551:
4532:
4501:Kropotkin, Peter
4496:
4477:: Gibson Smith.
4463:
4430:
4401:
4368:
4344:
4333:
4310:(2nd ed.).
4300:
4287:Harper & Row
4277:Bookchin, Murray
4272:
4236:
4199:
4170:
4160:
4113:
4088:
4063:
4026:
4008:
3981:
3938:
3899:
3852:
3850:
3825:
3815:
3784:
3744:
3713:
3692:Harper Perennial
3673:
3663:
3638:
3591:
3560:
3541:. pp. 1–2.
3533:
3504:Brill Publishers
3492:
3463:
3434:
3395:
3357:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3239:
3233:
3223:
3217:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3062:
3056:
3051:, pp. 1–2;
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2760:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2703:, pp. 1–2;
2698:
2692:
2686:
2677:
2668:, pp. 1–2;
2663:
2657:
2647:
2638:
2632:
2623:
2617:
2608:
2590:
2584:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2551:
2541:
2535:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2237:
2231:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2116:Anarchism portal
2113:
2112:
2111:
2045:Decentralisation
2025:in harmony with
2015:return to nature
1939:decentralisation
1751:world population
1738:anthropocentrism
1702:direct democracy
1587:total liberation
1298:anthropocentrism
1265:environmentalism
1232:decentralisation
1152:return to nature
1121:total liberation
1068:manual labourers
1052:decentralisation
919:decentralisation
887:anthropocentrism
874:, whose work on
854:anti-consumerism
734:return to nature
693:, which centres
691:total liberation
620:decentralisation
590:, the anarchist
565:self-fulfillment
535:that focuses on
523:, also known as
510:
503:
496:
480:
470:
460:
459:
458:
422:Anti-consumerism
198:Return to nature
138:Decentralization
128:Anti-consumerism
95:Total liberation
62:
39:
21:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7605:
7604:
7555:Green anarchism
7545:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7209:Climate justice
7204:Climate finance
7172:
7121:
7082:Green anarchism
7067:Eco-nationalism
6995:
6964:
6923:
6919:
6916:
6886:
6881:
6857:
6855:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6802:Labour movement
6732:
6731:
6730:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6242:
6241:
6240:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:Occupy movement
5835:Ferrer movement
5770:
5769:
5768:
5684:Escuela Moderna
5642:
5641:
5640:
5550:
5510:
5467:
5431:Insurrectionary
5390:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5186:Refusal of work
5071:Anti-militarism
5066:Anti-capitalism
5025:
5020:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4945:
4939:
4920:
4914:
4896:
4882:
4863:
4849:
4824:
4818:
4810:: Avant Books.
4801:
4778:
4772:
4753:
4727:
4705:
4678:
4664:
4645:
4615:
4601:
4582:
4554:
4535:
4521:
4499:
4485:
4466:
4452:
4433:
4419:
4404:
4390:
4371:
4357:
4336:
4322:
4303:
4297:
4275:
4261:
4239:
4233:
4211:
4207:
4205:Further reading
4202:
4173:
4116:
4110:
4091:
4066:
4029:
3984:
3970:
3941:
3927:
3902:
3888:
3855:
3848:
3823:
3818:
3804:
3787:
3781:
3747:
3741:
3723:Macmillan Press
3716:
3702:
3676:
3641:
3594:
3563:
3557:
3536:
3522:
3495:
3466:
3437:
3423:
3398:
3384:
3360:
3354:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:, p. 688;
3240:
3236:
3224:
3220:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:, p. 689;
3180:
3176:
3168:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3103:, p. 221;
3099:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3071:, p. 221;
3067:, p. 380;
3063:
3059:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2811:10.1038/485561a
2783:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2763:
2755:, p. 689;
2747:
2743:
2735:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2699:
2695:
2691:, pp. 1–2.
2687:
2680:
2664:
2660:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2611:
2603:, p. 221;
2591:
2587:
2579:, p. 221;
2575:
2571:
2563:
2554:
2546:, p. 282;
2542:
2538:
2530:, p. 282;
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:, p. 374;
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:, p. 378;
2352:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2292:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2263:, p. 379;
2259:
2255:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2196:
2191:
2130:Politics portal
2128:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2076:
2047:
1963:
1915:
1907:mass production
1867:labour movement
1859:Graham Purchase
1855:
1795:
1771:hunter-gatherer
1746:intrinsic value
1730:
1720:to replace the
1668:Murray Bookchin
1640:
1635:
1623:labour movement
1547:
1385:
1364:Green Anarchist
1310:George Sessions
1261:Murray Bookchin
1250:Murray Bookchin
1184:
1072:rural peasantry
1062:, both between
1017:Peter Kropotkin
979:Peter Kropotkin
951:anthropocentric
939:Mikhail Bakunin
931:
789:of the period.
755:
750:
647:Murray Bookchin
612:Peter Kropotkin
592:Mikhail Bakunin
545:anti-capitalist
521:Green anarchism
514:
482:Politics portal
456:
454:
447:
446:
417:Anti-capitalism
407:
397:
396:
382:Green Anarchist
336:
328:
327:
228:
218:
217:
123:Anti-capitalism
108:
100:
99:
70:
52:Green anarchism
35:
32:Green Anarchist
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7613:
7611:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7590:Green politics
7587:
7582:
7580:Animal welfare
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7547:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7534:Water conflict
7531:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7448:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7400:infrastructure
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7309:pricing reform
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7214:Climate target
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7177:Related topics
7174:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7112:Social ecology
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7047:Eco-capitalism
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6981:Social justice
6978:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6955:List of topics
6952:
6947:
6945:Green politics
6942:
6937:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6920:Green politics
6917:
6915:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6892:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6817:Libertarianism
6814:
6809:
6807:Left communism
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:Related topics
6734:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6707:United Kingdom
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6422:Czech Republic
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6077:González Prada
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5892:Makhnovshchina
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5805:Hague Congress
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5740:
5735:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5606:Labour voucher
5603:
5601:Give-away shop
5598:
5593:
5591:General strike
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5526:Affinity group
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5496:Post-anarchist
5493:
5488:
5483:
5477:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5419:Social ecology
5416:
5406:
5400:
5398:
5396:Post-classical
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5331:
5329:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5216:Social ecology
5213:
5211:Self-ownership
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5141:Horizontalidad
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:Class struggle
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5076:Affinity group
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4978:
4970:
4969:External links
4967:
4965:
4964:
4958:
4943:
4937:
4918:
4912:
4894:
4880:
4861:
4847:
4822:
4816:
4799:
4776:
4770:
4751:
4725:
4703:
4676:
4662:
4643:
4617:Reclus, Élisée
4613:
4599:
4580:
4556:Perlman, Fredy
4552:
4533:
4519:
4497:
4483:
4464:
4450:
4431:
4417:
4402:
4388:
4369:
4355:
4334:
4320:
4301:
4295:
4273:
4259:
4237:
4231:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4182:(2): 189–210.
4171:
4135:(3107): 3107.
4114:
4108:
4089:
4079:(6): 781–788.
4064:
4038:(4): 173–182.
4027:
3999:(6): 765–793.
3982:
3968:
3939:
3925:
3900:
3886:
3853:
3816:
3802:
3785:
3779:
3745:
3739:
3714:
3700:
3674:
3639:
3605:(3): 374–390.
3592:
3574:(2): 224–241.
3561:
3555:
3534:
3520:
3493:
3464:
3435:
3421:
3396:
3382:
3358:
3352:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:, p. 222.
3305:
3303:, p. 689.
3289:
3274:
3262:
3250:
3248:, p. 224.
3234:
3218:
3216:, p. 222.
3202:
3200:, p. 223.
3190:
3188:, p. 221.
3174:
3172:, p. 689.
3157:
3155:, p. 289.
3145:
3133:
3131:, p. 286.
3121:
3109:
3107:, p. 285.
3093:
3091:, p. 285.
3081:
3079:, p. 194.
3077:Radcliffe 2016
3057:
3055:, p. 284.
3041:
3039:, p. 284.
3029:
3017:
3001:
2989:
2987:, p. 282.
2969:
2957:
2945:
2943:, p. 384.
2933:
2921:
2919:, p. 383.
2909:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2776:
2774:, p. 288.
2761:
2759:, p. 288.
2741:
2724:
2709:
2707:, p. 289.
2693:
2678:
2676:, p. 289.
2658:
2656:, p. 289.
2639:
2624:
2622:, p. 287.
2609:
2607:, p. 282.
2595:, p. 41;
2585:
2583:, p. 282.
2569:
2567:, p. 221.
2552:
2536:
2522:, p. 41;
2512:
2510:, p. 282.
2500:
2488:
2482:, p. 13;
2472:
2460:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2403:
2391:
2389:, p. 378.
2374:
2362:
2360:, p. 370.
2346:
2344:, p. 370.
2334:
2332:, p. 375.
2322:
2310:
2298:
2296:, p. 379.
2281:
2279:, p. 373.
2269:
2267:, p. 373.
2253:
2251:, p. 371.
2238:
2236:, p. 220.
2223:
2221:, p. 161.
2211:
2209:, p. 281.
2193:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2119:
2103:
2100:
2075:
2072:
2068:bioregionalism
2046:
2043:
1962:
1959:
1937:. Emphasising
1914:
1911:
1854:
1851:
1843:Michael Albert
1797:The theory of
1794:
1791:
1759:bioregionalism
1732:The theory of
1729:
1726:
1714:self-organized
1693:vicious circle
1644:social ecology
1639:
1638:Social ecology
1636:
1634:
1631:
1546:
1543:
1495:global justice
1437:'s 1984 novel
1384:
1381:
1279:social ecology
1254:social ecology
1183:
1180:
1160:William Morris
1007:bioregionalism
1003:social ecology
995:social justice
957:separation of
949:, denying its
930:
927:
872:Charles Darwin
771:overproduction
754:
751:
749:
746:
736:" as possible
730:bioregionalism
651:social ecology
628:social justice
588:Charles Darwin
516:
515:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
474:
464:
449:
448:
445:
444:
439:
434:
432:Green politics
429:
424:
419:
414:
408:
405:Related topics
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
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337:
334:
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330:
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305:
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220:
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216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
133:Bioregionalism
130:
125:
120:
115:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:
92:
90:Social ecology
87:
82:
77:
71:
68:
67:
64:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7612:
7601:
7600:Simple living
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7517:refurbishment
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7482:Progressivism
7480:
7478:
7475:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
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7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7361:
7358:
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7353:
7349:
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7344:
7341:
7337:
7334:
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7332:
7329:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7264:Environmental
7262:
7260:
7259:Eco-terrorism
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7229:Eco-investing
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7158:Global Greens
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:Organizations
7124:
7118:
7117:Queer ecology
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7107:Green Zionism
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7072:Eco-socialism
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7037:Disinvestment
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
6998:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
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6901:
6899:
6894:
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6890:
6879:
6878:
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6864:
6853:
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6838:
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6830:
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6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
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6793:
6790:
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6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
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6765:
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6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6712:United States
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
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6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
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6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
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6563:
6560:
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6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
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6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
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6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6472:French Guiana
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5882:Biennio Rosso
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5800:Paris Commune
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5621:Mutual credit
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:Communization
5564:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5356:Philosophical
5354:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5334:Individualist
5332:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Animal rights
5275:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:Individualism
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Direct action
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5012:
5010:
5005:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4959:1-890532-01-0
4955:
4951:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4938:1-57027-000-7
4934:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4919:
4915:
4913:0-86571-205-0
4909:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4881:0-8476-8929-8
4877:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4848:1-57027-063-5
4844:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4830:
4823:
4819:
4817:0-932238-13-0
4813:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4773:
4771:0-8112-0545-2
4767:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4757:Turtle Island
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4600:9781551640266
4596:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4564:
4563:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4520:0-06-136161-5
4516:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4484:0-87905-158-2
4480:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4418:0-87156-706-7
4414:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4389:0-921689-72-1
4385:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4356:0-919618-99-5
4352:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4321:0-920057-41-1
4317:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4298:
4296:0-06-090363-5
4292:
4288:
4284:
4283:
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4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4213:Abbey, Edward
4210:
4209:
4204:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3969:9781315185255
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3926:9781409418221
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3875:
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3867:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3749:Morris, Brian
3746:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3675:
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3667:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3556:9781405198073
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3521:9789004532793
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3422:9780415202855
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3383:0-415-20309-0
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:Marshall 2008
3299:, p. 1;
3298:
3293:
3290:
3287:, p. 14.
3286:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3270:Marshall 2008
3266:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3242:Marshall 2008
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:, p. 1;
3227:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:, p. 1;
3211:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:Marshall 2008
3178:
3175:
3171:
3170:Marshall 2008
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:, p. 1;
3010:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:, p. 1;
2978:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2907:, p. 98.
2906:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2871:, p. 46.
2870:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2835:, p. 44.
2834:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:(7400): 561.
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:Marshall 2008
2751:, p. 1;
2750:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:, p. 1;
2598:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2550:, p. 93.
2549:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2534:, p. 93.
2533:
2529:
2526:, p. 1;
2525:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2486:, p. 40.
2485:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2401:, p. 90.
2400:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:Eco-socialism
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2096:industrialism
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:, practising
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:simple living
2020:
2019:direct action
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:industrialism
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1817:, it was the
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1785:as a form of
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1740:in favour of
1739:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1607:Patrice Jones
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:neoliberalism
1488:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:deforestation
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:nuclear power
1408:
1407:direct action
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1359:Green Anarchy
1356:
1352:
1351:Fredy Perlman
1348:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:in favour of
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:direct action
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:social issues
1197:
1196:environmental
1193:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:eco-socialism
1140:
1138:
1137:animal rights
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:deforestation
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1025:domestication
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Éliseé Reclus
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
928:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
863:
859:
858:vegetarianism
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:deforestation
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
777:. But as the
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
752:
747:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
695:animal rights
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:social issues
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Élisée Reclus
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:elaborated a
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:eco-anarchism
526:
522:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
473:
469:
465:
463:
453:
452:
451:
450:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Eco-socialism
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
401:
400:
392:
391:
387:
384:
383:
379:
376:
375:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
359:
355:
352:
351:
347:
344:
343:
339:
338:
332:
331:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
227:
222:
221:
214:
211:
209:
208:Simple living
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
153:Direct action
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
113:Animal rights
111:
110:
104:
103:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7244:Ecomodernism
7081:
7022:Deep ecology
7000:Perspectives
6969:Four pillars
6875:
6868:
6854:
6767:Anti-statism
6757:Anti-fascism
6662:South Africa
6162:Pi i Margall
5859:
5708:
5669:Anarcho-punk
5656:
5631:Wage slavery
5596:Gift economy
5491:Postcolonial
5473:Contemporary
5426:Independence
5408:
5373:Collectivist
5292:Love and sex
5121:Deep ecology
5056:Anationalism
4948:
4923:
4902:
4898:Zerzan, John
4866:
4828:
4804:Deep Ecology
4803:
4781:
4755:
4733:
4729:Snyder, Gary
4713:j.ctt1j1nv1v
4681:
4648:
4630:
4624:
4585:
4561:
4537:
4504:
4475:Layton, Utah
4469:
4436:
4407:
4374:
4340:
4306:
4281:
4245:
4241:Biehl, Janet
4216:
4179:
4175:
4132:
4126:
4094:
4076:
4072:
4035:
4031:
3996:
3990:
3943:
3904:
3861:
3828:
3789:
3753:
3718:
3681:
3651:
3647:
3602:
3596:
3571:
3565:
3538:
3498:
3475:(4): 62–72.
3472:
3468:
3446:(2): 37–50.
3443:
3439:
3400:
3365:
3362:Carter, Alan
3331:
3323:Bibliography
3308:
3292:
3265:
3253:
3237:
3221:
3205:
3193:
3177:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3096:
3084:
3060:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3004:
2992:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2744:
2739:, p. 1.
2696:
2661:
2588:
2572:
2539:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2475:
2463:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2394:
2365:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2313:
2301:
2272:
2256:
2219:Aaltola 2010
2214:
2183:Permaculture
2153:Earth First!
2077:
2048:
2003:civilisation
1975:civilisation
1964:
1931:productivism
1916:
1877:such as the
1875:trade unions
1856:
1839:Noam Chomsky
1811:civilisation
1796:
1775:Earth First!
1763:nation state
1734:deep ecology
1731:
1728:Deep ecology
1706:municipality
1690:
1679:
1641:
1612:
1603:eco-feminism
1575:conservation
1563:
1559:Brian Morris
1554:
1548:
1523:trade unions
1484:
1438:
1435:Edward Abbey
1419:Earth First!
1404:
1362:
1358:
1346:Fifth Estate
1344:
1341:civilisation
1326:
1322:nation state
1294:deep ecology
1287:
1268:
1258:
1185:
1168:Emma Goldman
1141:
1113:civilisation
1102:
1079:
1048:horticulture
1041:
1038:localisation
1022:
969:. Bakunin's
943:human nature
932:
866:
822:soil erosion
791:
756:
738:alternatives
726:municipalism
722:localisation
718:productivism
714:extractivism
707:
687:civilization
667:deep ecology
636:
569:
528:
524:
520:
519:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
168:Municipalism
80:Deep ecology
51:
36:
7529:War on coal
7512:engineering
7502:development
7492:Sustainable
7390:imperialism
7365:development
7343:Stewardship
7062:Ecofeminism
7052:Ecocentrism
7032:Dirty hands
6991:Nonviolence
6950:Green party
6928:Core topics
6677:Switzerland
6637:Puerto Rico
6622:Philippines
6587:New Zealand
6582:Netherlands
6452:El Salvador
6287:Periodicals
5850:Tragic Week
5721:Lifestylism
5616:Mutual bank
5571:Cooperative
5536:Platformism
5486:Free-market
5414:Primitivist
5297:Nationalism
5226:Somatherapy
5136:Freethought
4929:Autonomedia
4839:Autonomedia
3313:Parson 2018
3297:Gordon 2009
3285:Carter 2002
3258:Parson 2018
3246:Parson 2018
3230:Parson 2018
3226:Gordon 2009
3214:Parson 2018
3210:Gordon 2009
3198:Parson 2018
3186:Parson 2018
3101:Parson 2018
3069:Parson 2018
3049:Gordon 2009
3009:Gordon 2009
2977:Gordon 2009
2893:Curran 2004
2881:Curran 2004
2869:Curran 2004
2857:Curran 2004
2845:Curran 2004
2833:Curran 2004
2749:Gordon 2009
2737:Gordon 2009
2720:Parson 2018
2701:Gordon 2009
2689:Gordon 2009
2670:Parson 2018
2666:Gordon 2009
2650:Parson 2018
2601:Parson 2018
2597:Gordon 2009
2593:Curran 2004
2577:Parson 2018
2565:Parson 2018
2524:Gordon 2009
2520:Curran 2004
2496:Curran 2004
2484:Curran 2004
2480:Carter 2002
2456:Parson 2018
2452:Morris 2017
2440:Morris 2017
2428:Parson 2018
2416:Parson 2018
2370:Morris 2017
2358:Morris 2017
2342:Morris 2017
2306:Morris 2017
2277:Morris 2017
2265:Morris 2017
2249:Morris 2017
2234:Parson 2018
2158:Green Scare
2035:survivalism
1983:importation
1815:John Zerzan
1807:agriculture
1742:biocentrism
1619:syndicalist
1583:Steven Best
1551:Alan Carter
1509:, with the
1355:John Zerzan
1333:agriculture
1314:Warwick Fox
1306:Bill Devall
1302:biocentrism
1182:Development
1154:", such as
955:mechanistic
891:probability
798:colonialism
783:common land
757:Before the
710:hierarchies
675:John Zerzan
671:biocentrism
576:colonialism
543:. It is an
268:Glendinning
178:Neo-Luddism
158:Ecocentrism
7549:Categories
7331:opposition
7319:technology
7249:Eco-tariff
7189:Carbon tax
7092:Green left
7057:Ecofascism
6797:Dual Power
6782:Autonomism
6777:Autarchism
6437:East Timor
6407:Costa Rica
6352:Bangladesh
6347:Azerbaijan
6057:Feyerabend
5694:Freeganism
5344:Illegalist
5282:Capitalism
5221:Sociocracy
5191:Revolution
5156:Mutual aid
5086:Black bloc
4721:2012019259
4672:2013911520
4460:2006933557
4232:0397010842
3935:2012003109
3842:2018949294
3812:2017044519
3654:(60): 60.
3530:2022046926
3431:2001019754
3153:Price 2019
3141:Price 2019
3129:Price 2019
3117:Price 2019
3105:Price 2019
3089:Price 2019
3073:Price 2019
3053:Price 2019
3037:Price 2019
3025:Price 2019
3013:Price 2019
2997:Price 2019
2985:Price 2019
2772:Price 2019
2757:Price 2019
2705:Price 2019
2674:Price 2019
2654:Price 2019
2635:Price 2019
2620:Price 2019
2605:Price 2019
2581:Price 2019
2544:Price 2019
2528:Price 2019
2508:Price 2019
2468:Price 2019
2207:Price 2019
2189:References
2092:oppression
2084:capitalism
1979:extraction
1955:bioregions
1827:alienation
1803:technology
1767:bioregions
1716:system of
1676:complexity
1660:ecological
1579:solidarity
1571:capitalism
1567:Mark Somma
1463:(IAF) and
1455:(ALF) and
1375:(ELF) and
1337:technology
1318:bioregions
1188:Atomic Age
1164:Henry Salt
1098:mutual aid
1050:, and the
971:naturalism
915:oppression
862:wilderness
794:capitalism
753:Background
683:technology
572:capitalism
173:Naturalism
7522:transport
7465:conflicts
6837:Socialism
6787:Communism
6722:Venezuela
6657:Singapore
6592:Nicaragua
6517:Indonesia
6497:Hong Kong
6492:Guatemala
6337:Australia
6327:Argentina
6298:By region
6282:Musicians
6187:Santillán
6137:Malatesta
6107:Kropotkin
6087:Guillaume
5765:Symbolism
5679:DIY ethic
5556:Economics
5501:Post-left
5446:Christian
5441:Religious
5378:Communist
5363:Mutualist
5327:Classical
5287:Education
5236:Squatting
5196:Rewilding
5131:Free love
5023:Anarchism
4808:San Diego
4639:0010-7565
4503:(1974) .
4330:977237290
4279:(1974) .
4269:97-074155
4085:2321-2799
4060:143100557
4052:1556-1836
4023:257854522
4015:1752-7015
3978:228898569
3952:Routledge
3909:Routledge
3896:242090793
3794:Routledge
3710:218212571
3680:(2008) .
3670:2077-1444
3648:Religions
3635:143845424
3627:1743-8934
3588:1363-7320
3489:234082682
3460:2042-6992
3405:Routledge
3374:Routledge
3065:Hall 2011
2981:Hall 2011
2965:Hall 2011
2953:Hall 2011
2941:Hall 2011
2929:Hall 2011
2917:Hall 2011
2905:Ward 2004
2548:Ward 2004
2532:Ward 2004
2399:Ward 2004
2387:Hall 2011
2354:Hall 2011
2330:Hall 2011
2318:Hall 2011
2294:Hall 2011
2261:Hall 2011
2039:rewilding
1991:hierarchy
1923:hierarchy
1863:Judi Bari
1831:modernity
1686:hierarchy
1672:evolution
1625:with the
1595:sentience
1515:activists
1478:(AGM) in
1427:roadworks
1398:(ALF) in
1290:Arne Næss
1283:hierarchy
1236:diversity
1228:pollution
1086:communism
987:dialectic
911:authority
907:hierarchy
903:anarchism
899:evolution
884:Cartesian
880:Christian
842:John Muir
806:pollution
779:enclosure
663:Arne Næss
412:Anarchism
278:Kropotkin
258:Camenisch
203:Rewilding
7470:killings
7452:Localism
7420:retrofit
7415:recovery
7410:New Deal
7385:greening
7380:grabbing
7348:in music
7304:planning
7299:movement
7269:conflict
7027:Degrowth
6870:Category
6632:Portugal
6612:Paraguay
6572:Mongolia
6557:Malaysia
6402:Colombia
6382:Bulgaria
6172:Proudhon
6132:Maksimov
6112:Landauer
6062:Giovanni
6012:Bookchin
5927:May 1968
5699:Infoshop
5451:Buddhist
5436:Pacifist
5404:Feminist
5383:Magonist
5351:Naturist
5307:Violence
5302:Religion
5201:Sabotage
5031:Concepts
4890:98-24368
4857:59376926
4835:Brooklyn
4747:68-28281
4731:(1969).
4654:PM Press
4619:(1896).
4609:35938985
4591:Montreal
4576:12933940
4558:(1983).
4548:03000886
4493:84-14044
4442:AK Press
4427:86-22083
4398:81-21745
4380:Montreal
4347:Montréal
4312:Montréal
4251:Montreal
4243:(1998).
4215:(1974).
4196:33888366
4167:32561753
4121:(2020).
3948:New York
3846:Archived
3392:98-41317
3364:(1999).
2820:22660296
2102:See also
2064:localism
2007:societal
1997:and the
1993:through
1947:degrowth
1887:sabotage
1873:and for
1847:genocide
1837:such as
1736:rejects
1656:rational
1633:Branches
1591:morality
1535:internet
1409:against
1176:New Left
1056:degrowth
1034:Marxists
989:. Their
959:humanity
787:radicals
639:New Left
624:degrowth
600:humanity
551:form of
531:, is an
442:Naturism
253:Bookchin
143:Degrowth
44:a series
42:Part of
7445:washing
7440:vehicle
7370:economy
7294:justice
7284:finance
6877:Outline
6827:Marxism
6727:Vietnam
6717:Uruguay
6702:Ukraine
6692:Tunisia
6642:Romania
6597:Nigeria
6577:Morocco
6527:Ireland
6507:Iceland
6502:Hungary
6482:Germany
6477:Georgia
6462:Finland
6457:Estonia
6442:Ecuador
6427:Denmark
6412:Croatia
6367:Bolivia
6362:Belgium
6357:Belarus
6342:Austria
6332:Armenia
6322:Andorra
6317:Algeria
6312:Albania
6232:Yarchuk
6207:Tolstoy
6202:Thoreau
6197:Stirner
6192:Spooner
6157:Parsons
6082:Graeber
6072:Goldman
6032:Durruti
6017:Chomsky
6007:Bonanno
6002:Berkman
5997:Bakunin
5776:History
5726:May Day
5648:Culture
5041:Anarchy
4986:ecology
4984:" and "
4795:90-7590
4568:Detroit
4529:74-9072
4365:7753479
4158:7305220
4137:Bibcode
3834:Chicago
3607:Bibcode
2798:Bibcode
1899:Marxism
1779:disease
1648:society
1394:by the
1379:(ITS).
1371:(ALF),
1107:in the
1094:animals
967:freedom
868:Ecology
748:History
740:to the
584:ecology
578:caused
561:freedom
537:ecology
318:Thoreau
308:SemprĂşn
293:Perlman
7507:energy
7497:design
7430:theory
7375:growth
7314:racism
7289:issues
7254:Ecotax
6697:Turkey
6687:Taiwan
6672:Sweden
6652:Serbia
6647:Russia
6627:Poland
6607:Panama
6602:Norway
6567:Monaco
6562:Mexico
6552:Latvia
6532:Israel
6487:Greece
6467:France
6387:Canada
6377:Brazil
6307:Africa
6237:Zerzan
6227:Warren
6212:Tucker
6182:Rocker
6177:Reclus
6167:Pouget
6147:Michel
6127:Makhno
6102:KĹŤtoku
6092:He-Yin
6067:Godwin
6052:Ferrer
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5982:Alston
5973:People
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5339:Egoist
5268:Issues
4956:
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1913:Theory
1783:famine
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1400:Israel
1092:among
1064:mental
963:nature
828:, and
814:nature
732:or a "
697:, and
673:; and
604:nature
393:(1994)
385:(1984)
377:(1982)
369:(1971)
361:(1902)
353:(1899)
345:(1854)
323:Zerzan
313:Snyder
298:Reclus
283:Morris
273:Jensen
263:Carter
226:People
7425:state
7360:Green
6682:Syria
6667:Spain
6547:Korea
6542:Japan
6537:Italy
6512:India
6447:Egypt
6397:China
6392:Chile
6272:Films
6262:Books
6248:Lists
6217:Volin
6122:MagĂłn
6097:Kanno
6047:Faure
6042:Ervin
6037:Ellul
5922:Provo
5689:Films
5506:Queer
5481:Black
5409:Green
4982:green
4709:JSTOR
4192:S2CID
4056:S2CID
4019:S2CID
3974:S2CID
3892:S2CID
3849:(PDF)
3824:(PDF)
3763:Brill
3631:S2CID
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1869:with
1765:with
1722:state
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1133:human
1127:with
1078:. In
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961:from
929:Roots
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4908:ISBN
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