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with a black dorsal stripe that broadens near the end of the abdomen. Immature males and most females have reddish-brown abdomens, but some females are patterned like adult males. Wings are initially clear but usually become amber-tinted with age, especially in females. Both sexes have a black ‘bulls-eye’ mark on the face (more precisely, the
460:
prey upon immature aquatic insects (including conspecifics), small crustaceans, small tadpoles, and even small fish. Adults primarily prey on winged insects, including wasps, flies, butterflies, and other
Odonates. The primary predators of common green darner nymphs are fish. Adults are preyed upon
423:
Common green darners are commonly found throughout the continental United States and southern Canada, occasionally ranging as far south as Panama, particularly in the winter. There are also populations in Hawaii and the
Caribbean. Vagrant individuals have been seen far outside of their normal range
524:
is likely composed of at least three different generations. The first generation emerges in the southern end of its range in early spring and migrates northwards through spring and summer. The second generation emerges in the northern end of its range in summer and migrates southwards in fall. The
432:
Common green darners are large dragonflies, ranging from 6.8 to 8 centimetres (2.7 to 3.1 in) in length and a wingspan of up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in). Both sexes have an unmarked green thorax. Mature males have bluish-purple abdomens (the first few abdominal segments are the brightest)
536:
A study published in 2019 attached miniaturized radio transmitters to common green darners in the Great Lakes region and tracked their movement with the Motus
Wildlife Tracking System. Individuals moved at an average groundspeed of 16 kilometres per hour (9.9 mph).
528:
By attaching micro-radio transmitters to common green darners, researchers have found them to be capable of migrating up to 140 kilometres (87 mi) in a day, though they typically cover less distance per day. A group of researchers used
473:
Nymphs develop in lakes, ponds, and slow streams and rivers. Adults are most frequently seen around nymph habitat but they are strong fliers and can be found in a wide variety of habitats including grasslands, forests, and urban areas.
525:
third generation occurs in the south during the winter and does not migrate. Common green darners migrate in fall and spring but for several reasons the southward movement in fall is more noticeable.
519:
The large geographic range and migratory behavior of the common green darner has made it a challenge to piece together its complex life history. Recent research has indicated that the annual life cycle of
946:
424:
including sightings in Alaska, Russia, China, Japan, France, the United
Kingdom, India, and Bermuda. These vagrant sightings are likely migrating individuals blown off-course by strong winds or storms.
533:
on individuals collected between
Ontario and Mexico during fall and documented that >90% of individuals moved southward, with an average distance of 900 kilometers.
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There are several species of migratory dragonflies in North
America, but common green darners are the best studied. Other migratory species include:
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The green darner is a large dragonfly; males grow to 76 mm (3.0 in) in length with a wingspan up to 80 mm (3.1 in).
1532:
1305:
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627:
1537:
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1061:"A critical overview of progress in studies of migration of dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera), with emphasis on North America"
603:
1388:
1422:
1222:
437:) in front of their eyes, a distinguishing field mark that separates them from the superficially similar comet darner (
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Hallworth, Michael T.; Marra, Peter P.; McFarland, Kent P.; Zahendra, Sara; Studds, Colin E. (2018).
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44:
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in 1773. There are not currently any recognized subspecies. There are three recognized synonyms:
343:
210:
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1102:"Radio-tracking reveals how wind and temperature influence the pace of daytime insect migration"
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831:"Tracking dragons: stable isotopes reveal the annual cycle of a long-distance migratory insect"
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Knight, Samantha M.; Pitman, Grace M.; Flockhart, D. T. Tyler; Norris, D. Ryan (2019-07-26).
443:). This species oviposits in tandem which is a unique behavior among North American darners.
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Dragonflies through
Binoculars: A Field Guide to Dragonflies of North America
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Females oviposit in aquatic vegetation, eggs laid beneath the water surface.
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298:. One of the most common and abundant species throughout
891:
Miner, Angela (2014). Martina, Leila
Siciliano (ed.).
372:. Adult darners catch insects on the wing, including
990:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
824:
822:
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Both the adult and the nymphal stage are predators.
1177:
803:
Field Guide to
Insects and Spiders of North America
38:Adult female, Blackwell Forest Preserve, Illinois
947:"World Odonata List · University of Puget Sound"
778:Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America
668:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T165081A65831504.en
8:
805:. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. p. 62.
360:(naiads) are aquatic carnivores, feeding on
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1052:
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1002:"Species Anax junius - Common Green Darner"
925:. Kollath+Stensaas Publishing. p. 16.
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53:
29:
20:
1125:
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856:
666:
590:Uncommon blue form female, Ottawa, Canada
780:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 42.
728:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
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685:
465:, spiders, and other large dragonflies.
1029:"Wisconsin Odonata Survey: Anax junius"
988:Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East
755:. Oxford University Press. p. 33.
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776:Eaton, Eric R.; Kaufman, Kenn (2006).
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7:
1337:f2a9be9d-3550-4187-9988-12c9f9924399
1503:IUCN Red List least concern species
654:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
1523:Insects of the Dominican Republic
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595:
583:
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559:
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78:
1065:Journal of Insect Conservation
1059:May, Michael L. (2013-02-01).
604:San Joaquin Wildlife Sanctuary
286:), after its resemblance to a
1:
1528:Symbols of Washington (state)
1554:
923:Insects of the North Woods
749:Dunkle, Sidney W. (2000).
461:by birds and occasionally
399:described this species as
302:, it also ranges south to
1533:Insects described in 1773
1078:10.1007/s10841-012-9540-x
801:Evans, Arthur V. (2007).
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209:
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75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1518:Odonata of North America
986:Paulson, Dennis (2012).
318:. It also occurs in the
1538:Taxa named by Dru Drury
531:stable isotope analysis
515:(variegated meadowhawk)
1118:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0327
921:Hahn, Jeffrey (2009).
849:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0741
661:: e.T165081A65831504.
643:Paulson, D.R. (2018).
554:Mating, wheel position
1162:at Wikimedia Commons
693:"Common Green Darner"
1332:Fauna Europaea (new)
901:Animal Diversity Web
507:(spot-winged glider)
16:Species of dragonfly
951:www2.pugetsound.edu
512:Sympetrum corruptum
278:common green darner
45:Conservation status
630:2016-03-03 at the
499:(wandering glider)
496:Pantala flavescens
491:(black saddlebags)
452:Diet and predators
290:, is a species of
1490:
1489:
1475:Open Tree of Life
1171:Taxon identifiers
1156:Media related to
932:978-0-9792006-4-9
812:978-1-4027-4153-1
787:978-0-618-15310-7
762:978-0-19-972729-2
342:for the state of
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953:. Archived from
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843:(12): 20180741.
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401:Libellula junius
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1106:Biology Letters
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488:Tramea lacerata
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447:Natural history
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428:Characteristics
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405:Anax spiniferus
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340:official insect
228:Anax spiniferus
220:Libellula junia
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407:Rambur, 1842;
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294:in the family
288:darning needle
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24:Green darner
22:
19:
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1036:. Retrieved
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1009:. Retrieved
1006:bugguide.net
1005:
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959:. Retrieved
955:the original
950:
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904:. Retrieved
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723:Drury, 1773"
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463:robber flies
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419:Distribution
413:Anax severus
412:
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368:, and small
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338:. It is the
334:to mainland
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274:green darner
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260:Anax severus
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231:Rambur, 1842
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138:Infraorder:
18:
1410:NatureServe
1358:iNaturalist
1223:anax-junius
1209:Anax junius
1203:Wikispecies
1179:Anax junius
1159:Anax junius
1071:(1): 1–15.
895:Anax junius
721:Anax junius
647:Anax junius
625:Anax junius
522:Anax junius
310:south into
283:Anax junius
263:Hagen, 1867
244:Anex junius
239:Hagen, 1867
223:Drury, 1773
194:Anax junius
1497:Categories
1038:2021-10-26
1033:wiatri.net
1011:2021-10-26
961:2021-11-07
611:References
566:Egg-laying
382:mosquitoes
344:Washington
142:Anisoptera
112:Arthropoda
1508:Aeshnidae
602:Hovering
478:Migration
397:Dru Drury
320:Caribbean
296:Aeshnidae
292:dragonfly
170:Species:
152:Aeshnidae
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
1415:2.116554
1376:10478230
1254:BugGuide
1230:BioLib:
1188:Wikidata
1136:31266418
1087:15916175
867:30958242
628:Archived
392:Taxonomy
376:alates,
366:tadpoles
211:Synonyms
148:Family:
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1467:1489373
1350:5051741
1194:Q175808
1127:6684972
906:28 July
858:6303508
734:28 July
703:28 July
674:28 July
541:Gallery
469:Habitat
362:insects
346:in the
247:(Drury)
204:, 1773)
158:Genus:
132:Odonata
128:Order:
122:Insecta
118:Class:
63: (
1480:158666
1441:214820
1402:165081
1389:101598
1324:214315
1311:241278
1298:ANXXJU
1285:131866
1233:225823
1218:ARKive
1134:
1124:
1085:
929:
865:
855:
809:
784:
759:
699:. 2023
578:Female
458:Nymphs
384:, and
358:Nymphs
326:, and
324:Tahiti
316:Mexico
304:Panama
1454:20629
1371:IRMNG
1363:67731
1306:EUNIS
1272:66M6G
1246:19529
1083:S2CID
435:frons
386:flies
378:moths
336:China
332:Japan
330:from
312:Texas
202:Drury
1462:OBIS
1436:NCBI
1397:IUCN
1384:ITIS
1345:GBIF
1293:EPPO
1241:BOLD
1132:PMID
927:ISBN
908:2023
863:PMID
807:ISBN
782:ISBN
757:ISBN
736:2023
705:2023
676:2023
659:2018
370:fish
328:Asia
314:and
272:The
163:Anax
1423:NBN
1280:EoL
1267:CoL
1259:585
1122:PMC
1114:doi
1073:doi
853:PMC
845:doi
663:doi
374:ant
276:or
1499::
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1069:17
1067:.
1063:.
1047:^
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970:^
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875:^
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841:14
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380:,
364:,
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322:,
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67:)
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