38:
2486:
223:
425:
3117:
94:
69:
448:. It measures 45–60 cm (18–24 in) in length and ranges from 700 to 890 g (1.5 to 2.0 lb) in mass. The sexes, which are identical in plumage, overlap somewhat in measurements, though the largest birds are male. Breeding adults have glossy greenish-black bodies, pale green legs and bill, and grey bare facial skin patches. Juveniles are much duller, but can be distinguished from the similar
1364:
515:. Less gregarious than its relatives, it is usually seen alone or in pairs. When it does forage in mixed-species flocks, it tends to remain on the fringes, usually among other green ibises. It regularly perches in trees.
574:
is known to prey on green ibis, with a pair observed chasing and attacking one in flight, driving it to the ground. They killed it by pecking it repeatedly on the head. The green ibis is the type host of a species of
452:
by their bulkier shape, shorter legs and broader wings. This species, like other ibises, flies with neck outstretched. Its flight is heavy, with fewer glides and jerkier wingbeats than its relatives.
503:
in the United States. It is found in a variety of forested wetland habitats, particularly swamps and along the edges of rivers and lakes, at altitudes up to 500 m (1,600 ft).
3537:
3312:
2217:
471:
If seen in good light, the green ibis is distinctively dark, and unlikely to be confused with any other ibis. In poor light, however, it might be confused with the
3705:
564:
3563:
3351:
3645:
1416:
567:; however, its numbers do appear to be decreasing. It is at least occasionally hunted (and eaten) by residents of Central and South American countries.
3617:
3511:
3273:
3690:
3550:
3325:
1335:
Matheu, E.; del Hoyo, J. (1992). "Family
Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
723:
689:
349:
3390:
1253:
1139:
1003:
969:
939:
829:
817:
821:
655:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
3685:
2210:
3286:
348:. Latham had based his own description on the "Le Courlis des Bois " and the "Courly vert, de Cayenne" that the French polymath, the
2485:
1348:
3700:
1409:
1157:"Foraging Ecology of Seven Species of Neotropical Ibises (Threskiornithidae) during the Dry Season in the Llanos of Venezuela"
2203:
1033:
912:
3555:
3330:
3116:
1394:
3176:
3665:
693:
93:
3680:
3660:
3485:
3224:
669:
341:
1992:
3568:
3356:
3675:
3650:
1402:
1269:
de Godoy, Fernando Igor; Macarrão, Arthur; Costa, Julio César (June 2020). "Hunting behaviour of
Southern Caracara
1192:
1156:
1101:
778:
701:
385:
402:
340:. Gmelin based his description on the "Cayenne ibis" that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist
1050:
3695:
3670:
3364:
3291:
1376:
429:
992:
Schulenberg, Thomas S.; Stotz, Douglas F.; Lane, Daniel F.; O'Neill, John P.; Parker III, Theodore A. (2007).
2195:
2161:
649:
311:
212:
37:
3369:
3211:
3138:
3490:
3229:
3416:
2131:
1606:
1553:
334:
195:
1371:
627:
3203:
3185:
2003:
1522:
1200:
697:
2543:
3049:
1888:
1561:
1512:
1164:
1109:
414:
307:
58:
3190:
2810:
1709:
424:
3476:
2121:
1719:
1651:
1641:
1313:
1217:
1173:
1075:
874:
88:
3421:
3081:
2864:
2528:
222:
3317:
2875:
2847:
2827:
455:
It has a hollow, hooting, accelerating call, most often heard at dawn and dusk. Transcribed as
3576:
3542:
3498:
3403:
3343:
3247:
2676:
2615:
2563:
2347:
2227:
2171:
2141:
1817:
1571:
1543:
1438:
1384:
1344:
1249:
1243:
1135:
1129:
1029:
999:
965:
959:
935:
908:
902:
825:
410:
254:
155:
3581:
1023:
993:
929:
857:
Sheldon, Frederick H.; Slikas, Beth (1997). "Advances in
Ciconiiform Systematics 1976-1996".
658:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 652.
3408:
2837:
2594:
2356:
1933:
1784:
1774:
1434:
1305:
1209:
1067:
866:
782:
622:
571:
418:
361:
172:
3434:
3216:
1293:
727:
3655:
3377:
3069:
2151:
1966:
1863:
745:
320:
1533:
604:
559:
Because of its huge range and large population, the green ibis is rated as a species of
512:
2287:
2272:
1764:
1596:
1337:
369:
295:
145:
3639:
3338:
2730:
2445:
2027:
613:
560:
315:
287:
78:
73:
749:
705:
673:
475:; the latter (which is bronzy-maroon in color) has longer legs and a slimmer build.
3608:
3252:
2904:
2779:
2625:
2418:
2266:
1898:
1739:
1674:
1503:
653:
547:
is a flimsy platform of twigs built high in a tree. It has been recorded harassing
3503:
3239:
442:
3461:
3524:
3470:
3299:
3170:
3058:
2960:
2817:
2772:
2765:
2656:
2552:
2408:
2396:
2365:
2326:
2235:
1923:
1794:
1755:
1729:
1294:"A New Species of Plegadiphilus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the Cayenne Ibis"
472:
449:
246:
786:
3429:
3088:
3021:
3005:
2994:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2723:
2716:
2695:
2584:
2385:
1699:
1690:
1632:
1616:
1388:
576:
548:
484:
396:
279:
20:
3161:
3095:
2987:
2925:
2854:
2758:
2709:
2688:
2645:
2635:
2425:
2375:
2311:
2110:
2057:
1982:
1943:
1879:
1587:
1430:
1071:
544:
488:
441:
The green ibis is a medium-sized ibis, with short legs and a long, slender,
406:
392:
291:
275:
258:
105:
1242:
Silvius, Kirsten M.; Bodmer, Richard E.; Fragoso, Jos M. V., eds. (2004).
678:. Vol. 3, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 107.
3602:
3455:
3382:
3155:
3038:
3031:
3014:
2970:
2918:
2895:
2794:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2702:
2665:
2604:
2436:
2254:
2231:
1914:
1028:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. pp. 75–76.
496:
492:
329:
271:
125:
46:
1025:
A Guide to the Birds of Panama: With Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and
Honduras
734:(in French). Vol. 8. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 43–44.
499:, and fossil records show the species formerly occurred as far north as
3622:
3516:
3278:
3198:
2977:
2932:
2911:
2336:
2096:
1489:
1484:
1317:
1221:
1177:
1134:. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 324.
1079:
1058:
878:
1102:"Fossil Ibises from the Rexroad Fauna of the Upper Pliocene of Kansas"
907:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p. 217.
399:
are recognised. The species is also sometimes known as
Cayenne ibis.
2884:
2248:
998:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p. 80.
532:
500:
283:
115:
50:
3529:
3304:
3265:
3132:
1309:
1245:
People in Nature: Wildlife
Conservation in South and Central America
1213:
870:
19:
For the bird known as
African green ibis (Bostrychia olivacea), see
3260:
2504:
2460:
2260:
2085:
1473:
1248:. New York, New York, US: Columbia University Press. p. 350.
423:
325:
3395:
1454:
1426:
528:
524:
445:
250:
135:
3136:
2502:
2285:
2199:
2053:
1450:
1398:
598:
596:
356:. The green ibis is now the only species placed in the genus
958:
Hancock, James; Kushlan, James A.; Kahl, M. Philip (1992).
1339:
Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks
758:
Occasional Papers of the Boston
Society of Natural History
495:. However, there have been sightings from as far north as
934:. Austin, TX, US: University of Texas Press. p. 60.
712:. Vol. xx. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 820.
787:"Ibis, spoonbills, herons, Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans"
1155:
Frederick, Peter C.; Bildstein, Keith L. (March 1992).
964:. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press. p. 189.
1191:
Thomas, Betsy Trent; Strahl, Stuart D. (August 1990).
405:
studies show that the species falls squarely into the
3077:
3027:
2983:
2966:
2860:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2806:
2684:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2540:
2524:
2414:
2404:
2381:
2371:
2323:
2307:
391:
means "of
Cayenne or French Guiana". The species is
3592:
3445:
3145:
3068:
3048:
3004:
2894:
2874:
2793:
2675:
2655:
2571:
2562:
2539:
2515:
2459:
2435:
2395:
2355:
2346:
2322:
2298:
2108:
2084:
2017:
1980:
1957:
1912:
1877:
1854:
1831:
1808:
1753:
1688:
1665:
1630:
1585:
1501:
1472:
1336:
1292:Emerson, K. C.; Price, Roger D. (September 1969).
628:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697460A93614511.en
409:ibis clade, with its closest relatives being the
1193:"Nesting behavior of Sunbitterns in Venezuela"
987:
985:
983:
981:
844:
565:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2211:
1410:
8:
1022:Ridgely, Robert S.; Gwynne, John A. (1989).
814:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
3133:
2799:
2568:
2512:
2499:
2352:
2295:
2282:
2218:
2204:
2196:
2090:
2081:
2050:
1478:
1469:
1447:
1417:
1403:
1395:
1017:
1015:
961:Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World
953:
951:
221:
67:
36:
27:
626:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
710:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
1051:"Additions to the Avifauna of Honduras"
592:
314:in his revised and expanded edition of
531:and other water creatures, as well as
3706:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
816:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
793:. International Ornithologists' Union
773:
771:
750:"The type species of the avian genus
463:, the call is described as "mellow".
7:
3292:green-ibis-mesembrinibis-cayennensis
3646:IUCN Red List least concern species
1343:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
614:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1100:Collins, Charles T. (March 1964).
931:Birds of Costa Rica: A Field Guide
14:
310:in 1789 by the German naturalist
3115:
2484:
791:IOC World Bird List Version 12.2
724:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
690:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
270:This is a resident breeder from
92:
1049:Marcus, Mickey J. (July 1983).
603:BirdLife International (2016).
555:Conservation status and threats
360:that was introduced in 1930 by
3691:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
1385:Audio recordings of green ibis
732:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
354:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
483:The green ibis is found from
428:Green ibis perched on log in
1459:subfamily: Threskiornithinae
1367:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1128:Heckman, Charles W. (1998).
346:A General Synopsis of Birds
928:Henderson, Carrol (2010) .
702:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
675:A General Synopsis of Birds
523:Like other ibises, it eats
376:, meaning "southern" (from
294:. It undertakes some local
3722:
3686:Birds of the Guiana Shield
845:Matheu & del Hoyo 1992
812:Jobling, James A. (2010).
694:Martinet, François-Nicolas
551:nesting in the same tree.
511:The green ibis is largely
18:
3435:Mesembrinibis-cayennensis
3191:Mesembrinibis_cayennensis
3177:Mesembrinibis cayennensis
3147:Mesembrinibis cayennensis
3111:
2802:
2511:
2498:
2481:
2294:
2281:
2243:
2093:
2080:
2049:
1481:
1468:
1446:
901:Hilty, Steven L. (2003).
706:"Courly vert, de Cayenne"
607:Mesembrinibis cayennensis
581:Plegadiphalus cayennensis
238:Mesembrinibis cayennensis
220:
205:Mesembrinibis cayennensis
201:
194:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
44:
35:
30:
2238:and their extinct allies
1993:Moloka'i flightless ibis
1377:Internet Bird Collection
1365:Green ibis photo gallery
1298:The Florida Entomologist
1273:on medium-sized birds".
650:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
621:: e.T22697460A93614511.
479:Distribution and habitat
430:Tortuguero National Park
368:is a combination of the
3701:Birds described in 1789
2162:Yellow-billed spoonbill
1425:Traditional listing of
380:, meaning "south") and
312:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1560:) and supporting page
1131:The Pantanal of Poconé
785:, eds. (August 2022).
433:
324:. He placed it in the
3417:Paleobiology Database
2132:Black-faced spoonbill
1607:White-shouldered ibis
1554:Australian white ibis
1072:10.1093/auk/100.3.621
728:"Le Courlis des Bois"
698:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
427:
403:DNA–DNA hybridization
241:), also known as the
3594:Tantalus cayennensis
2004:Maui flightless ibis
1566:T. moluccus pygmaeus
1523:Malagasy sacred ibis
1488:(prefix † indicates
352:had included in his
338:Tantalus cayennensis
3666:Birds of Costa Rica
1889:American white ibis
1562:Solomons white ibis
1513:African sacred ibis
1165:The Wilson Bulletin
1110:The Wilson Bulletin
859:Colonial Waterbirds
415:American white ibis
306:The green ibis was
298:in the dry season.
187:M. cayennensis
59:Conservation status
3681:Birds of Venezuela
3661:Birds of Nicaragua
2122:Eurasian spoonbill
1720:Spot-breasted ibis
1652:Southern bald ibis
1642:Northern bald ibis
1372:"Green ibis media"
904:Birds of Venezuela
781:; Donsker, David;
487:south to northern
434:
308:formally described
296:seasonal movements
3676:Birds of Colombia
3651:Threskiornithidae
3633:
3632:
3577:Open Tree of Life
3404:Open Tree of Life
3139:Taxon identifiers
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
2789:
2788:
2677:Threskiornithinae
2564:Threskiornithidae
2494:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2455:
2454:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2172:Roseate spoonbill
2142:African spoonbill
2104:
2103:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
1818:Sharp-tailed ibis
1572:Straw-necked ibis
1548:T. melanocephalus
1544:Black-headed ibis
1497:
1496:
1439:Threskiornithidae
1255:978-0-231-12782-0
1141:978-0-7923-4863-4
1005:978-0-691-13023-1
971:978-1-4081-3500-6
941:978-0-292-71965-1
831:978-1-4081-2501-4
783:Rasmussen, Pamela
411:sharp-tailed ibis
364:. The genus name
255:Threskiornithidae
229:
228:
176:
156:Threskiornithidae
82:
3713:
3626:
3625:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3585:
3584:
3572:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3546:
3545:
3533:
3532:
3520:
3519:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3493:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3281:
3269:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3243:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3204:08DD4E80E6F4B5AE
3194:
3193:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3134:
3121:
3119:
3079:
3029:
2985:
2968:
2862:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2808:
2800:
2686:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2602:
2592:
2582:
2569:
2542:
2526:
2513:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2416:
2406:
2383:
2373:
2357:Balaenicipitidae
2353:
2325:
2309:
2296:
2283:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2091:
2082:
2051:
1934:White-faced ibis
1785:Black-faced ibis
1775:Buff-necked ibis
1479:
1470:
1448:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1381:
1354:
1342:
1322:
1321:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1271:Caracara plancus
1266:
1260:
1259:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1019:
1010:
1009:
989:
976:
975:
955:
946:
945:
925:
919:
918:
898:
883:
882:
854:
848:
842:
836:
835:
809:
803:
802:
800:
798:
775:
766:
765:
746:Peters, James L.
742:
736:
735:
720:
714:
713:
686:
680:
679:
666:
660:
659:
646:
640:
639:
637:
635:
630:
600:
572:crested caracara
419:buff-necked ibis
386:specific epithet
362:James Lee Peters
225:
207:
171:
97:
96:
76:
71:
70:
40:
28:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3696:Birds of Brazil
3671:Birds of Panama
3636:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3621:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3588:
3580:
3575:
3567:
3562:
3554:
3549:
3541:
3536:
3528:
3523:
3515:
3510:
3502:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3378:Observation.org
3376:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3141:
3131:
3122:
3113:
3101:
3070:Tigriornithinae
3064:
3044:
3000:
2890:
2870:
2785:
2671:
2651:
2558:
2535:
2507:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2451:
2431:
2391:
2342:
2318:
2290:
2277:
2239:
2224:
2194:
2181:
2152:Royal spoonbill
2114:
2100:
2076:
2037:
2013:
1976:
1967:Madagascar ibis
1953:
1908:
1873:
1864:Bare-faced ibis
1850:
1827:
1804:
1769:T. caerulescens
1749:
1684:
1661:
1626:
1581:
1493:
1464:
1442:
1423:
1370:
1361:
1351:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1310:10.2307/3493851
1291:
1290:
1286:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1214:10.2307/1368675
1195:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1006:
991:
990:
979:
972:
957:
956:
949:
942:
927:
926:
922:
915:
900:
899:
886:
871:10.2307/1521772
856:
855:
851:
843:
839:
832:
811:
810:
806:
796:
794:
777:
776:
769:
744:
743:
739:
722:
721:
717:
688:
687:
683:
668:
667:
663:
648:
647:
643:
633:
631:
602:
601:
594:
589:
557:
541:
521:
509:
481:
469:
467:Similar species
439:
350:Comte de Buffon
333:and coined the
321:Systema Naturae
304:
216:
209:
203:
190:
170:
91:
83:
72:
68:
61:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3719:
3717:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3614:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3573:
3560:
3547:
3534:
3521:
3508:
3495:
3482:
3467:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3309:
3296:
3283:
3270:
3257:
3244:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3167:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3074:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2974:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2598:
2588:
2577:
2575:
2573:incertae sedis
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2546:
2544:Xenerodiopidae
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2521:
2519:
2517:incertae sedis
2509:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2412:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2361:
2359:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2302:
2300:incertae sedis
2292:
2291:
2288:Pelecaniformes
2286:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2273:Pelecaniformes
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2118:
2116:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2032:X. xympithecus
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1928:P. falcinellus
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1845:M. cayennensis
1837:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1772:
1765:Plumbeous ibis
1761:
1759:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1744:B. carunculata
1737:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1597:Red-naped ibis
1593:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1576:T. spinicollis
1569:
1551:
1541:
1530:
1520:
1517:T. aethiopicus
1509:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1368:
1360:
1359:External links
1357:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1304:(3): 161–163.
1284:
1261:
1254:
1234:
1208:(3): 576–581.
1183:
1147:
1140:
1120:
1092:
1066:(3): 621–629.
1041:
1034:
1011:
1004:
977:
970:
947:
940:
920:
913:
884:
865:(1): 106–114.
849:
847:, p. 500.
837:
830:
804:
767:
737:
715:
681:
661:
641:
591:
590:
588:
585:
556:
553:
540:
537:
520:
517:
508:
505:
480:
477:
468:
465:
438:
435:
303:
300:
227:
226:
218:
217:
210:
199:
198:
192:
191:
184:
182:
178:
177:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
146:Pelecaniformes
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3718:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3477:Mesembrinibis
3472:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3447:Mesembrinibis
3444:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3120:
3118:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3050:Cochleariinae
3047:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:Mesembrinibis
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:P. leucorodia
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2033:
2029:
2028:Jamaican ibis
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1868:P. infuscatus
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1833:Mesembrinibis
1830:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:São Tomé ibis
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:T. solitarius
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1350:84-87334-10-5
1346:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1235:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1001:
997:
996:
995:Birds of Peru
988:
986:
984:
982:
978:
973:
967:
963:
962:
954:
952:
948:
943:
937:
933:
932:
924:
921:
916:
910:
906:
905:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
850:
846:
841:
838:
833:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
805:
792:
788:
784:
780:
774:
772:
768:
763:
759:
755:
753:
747:
741:
738:
733:
729:
725:
719:
716:
711:
707:
704:(1765–1783).
703:
699:
695:
691:
685:
682:
677:
676:
671:
665:
662:
657:
656:
651:
645:
642:
629:
624:
620:
616:
615:
610:
608:
599:
597:
593:
586:
584:
582:
578:
573:
568:
566:
562:
561:least concern
554:
552:
550:
546:
538:
536:
534:
530:
526:
518:
516:
514:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
466:
464:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
444:
436:
431:
426:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Mesembrinibis
363:
359:
358:Mesembrinibis
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
335:binomial name
332:
331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
316:Carl Linnaeus
313:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
288:South America
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
265:
264:Mesembrinibis
261:of the genus
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
224:
219:
214:
208:
206:
200:
197:
196:Binomial name
193:
189:
188:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
168:
167:Mesembrinibis
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3593:
3446:
3146:
3114:
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2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2883:
2863:
2853:
2846:
2836:
2826:
2816:
2811:Ardeagrandis
2809:
2780:Threskiornis
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2664:
2644:
2634:
2626:Rhynchaeites
2624:
2614:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2572:
2551:
2527:
2516:
2444:
2424:
2419:Miopelecanus
2417:
2407:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2335:
2310:
2299:
2267:Aequornithes
2175:
2165:
2155:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2115:(spoonbills)
2109:
2095:
2069:
2063:
2031:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1981:
1970:
1958:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1913:
1902:
1899:Scarlet ibis
1892:
1878:
1867:
1855:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1821:
1809:
1799:T. branickii
1798:
1789:T. melanopis
1788:
1778:
1768:
1754:
1743:
1740:Wattled ibis
1733:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1689:
1678:
1675:Crested ibis
1666:
1655:
1645:
1631:
1620:
1610:
1601:P. papillosa
1600:
1586:
1575:
1565:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1534:Réunion ibis
1526:
1516:
1504:Threskiornis
1502:
1483:
1375:
1338:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1244:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1205:
1199:
1186:
1169:
1163:
1150:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1063:
1057:
1044:
1024:
994:
960:
930:
923:
903:
862:
858:
852:
840:
813:
807:
795:. Retrieved
790:
761:
757:
751:
740:
731:
718:
709:
684:
674:
670:Latham, John
664:
654:
644:
632:. Retrieved
618:
612:
606:
580:
569:
558:
542:
522:
510:
482:
470:
460:
456:
454:
440:
401:
388:
381:
377:
373:
365:
357:
353:
345:
344:in his book
337:
328:
319:
305:
290:to northern
282:and western
269:
263:
262:
257:. It is the
243:Cayenne ibis
242:
237:
236:
232:
230:
204:
202:
186:
185:
166:
165:
25:
3525:iNaturalist
3471:Wikispecies
3365:Neotropical
3300:iNaturalist
3171:Wikispecies
3059:Cochlearius
2961:Pilherodius
2818:Calherodius
2773:Theristicus
2766:Thaumatibis
2657:Plataleinae
2553:Xenerodiops
2470:See below ↓
2409:Eopelecanus
2397:Pelecanidae
2366:Balaeniceps
2327:Torotigidae
2166:P. flavipes
2064:Plataleinae
2062:subfamily:
1971:L. cristata
1948:P. ridgwayi
1924:Glossy ibis
1822:C. oxycerca
1795:Andean ibis
1779:T. caudatus
1756:Theristicus
1734:B. hagedash
1730:Hadada ibis
1704:B. olivacea
1621:P. gigantea
1611:P. davisoni
1558:T. moluccus
1527:T. bernieri
1329:Cited books
1172:(1): 1–21.
1117:(1): 43–49.
797:25 November
779:Gill, Frank
764:: 255–256 .
634:19 November
549:sunbitterns
513:crepuscular
473:glossy ibis
450:glossy ibis
437:Description
389:cayennensis
374:mesēmbrinos
342:John Latham
259:only member
247:wading bird
173:J.L. Peters
31:Green ibis
3640:Categories
3609:Q109563525
3430:Xeno-canto
3089:Tigriornis
3082:Taphophoyx
3022:Ixobrychus
3006:Botaurinae
2995:Zonerodius
2954:Nyctanassa
2947:Nycticorax
2940:Gorsachius
2865:Proardeola
2724:Lophotibis
2717:Geronticus
2696:Bostrychia
2585:Gerandibis
2529:Ardeacites
2386:Paludiavis
2226:Genera of
2058:Spoonbills
1959:Lophotibis
1841:Green ibis
1714:B. bocagei
1700:Olive ibis
1691:Bostrychia
1646:G. eremita
1633:Geronticus
1617:Giant ibis
1431:spoonbills
1389:Xeno-canto
1227:14 October
1201:The Condor
1085:3 December
1035:0691025126
914:1400834090
752:Harpiprion
587:References
577:bird louse
485:Costa Rica
397:subspecies
280:Costa Rica
233:green ibis
21:Olive ibis
3462:Q15637143
3096:Tigrisoma
2988:Zeltornis
2926:Butorides
2876:Agamiinae
2855:Oroanassa
2848:Nyctisoma
2828:Eoceornis
2759:Pseudibis
2710:Eudocimus
2689:Apteribis
2646:Xenicibis
2636:Vadaravis
2426:Pelecanus
2376:Goliathia
2312:Cladornis
2247:Kingdom:
2019:Xenicibis
2008:A. brevis
1997:A. glenos
1983:Apteribis
1944:Puna ibis
1880:Eudocimus
1679:N. nippon
1656:G. calvus
1588:Pseudibis
507:Behaviour
489:Argentina
461:koro koro
407:New World
393:monotypic
378:mesēmbria
292:Argentina
276:Nicaragua
181:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
3603:Wikidata
3456:Wikidata
3344:22697460
3318:10972734
3217:22697460
3212:BirdLife
3156:Wikidata
3039:Zebrilus
3032:Pikaihao
3015:Botaurus
2971:Proardea
2919:Bubulcus
2896:Ardeinae
2795:Ardeidae
2752:Plegadis
2745:Phimosus
2738:Nipponia
2703:Cercibis
2666:Platalea
2616:Protibis
2605:Mopsitta
2437:Scopidae
2348:Pelecani
2255:Chordata
2253:Phylum:
2249:Animalia
2236:pelicans
2176:P. ajaja
2156:P. regia
2136:P. minor
2111:Platalea
2070:Platalea
1938:P. chihi
1915:Plegadis
1903:E. ruber
1893:E. albus
1856:Phimosus
1810:Cercibis
1667:Nipponia
1492:species)
1281:: 28–30.
748:(1930).
726:(1781).
672:(1785).
652:(1789).
539:Breeding
497:Honduras
493:Paraguay
443:decurved
417:and the
330:Tantalus
302:Taxonomy
274:through
272:Honduras
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
47:Pantanal
3623:9513617
3582:1027754
3569:1118747
3543:1194579
3517:2480807
3396:1526179
3370:greibi1
3357:1118748
3279:2480808
3266:greibi1
3240:greibi1
3199:Avibase
3162:Q912057
2978:Syrigma
2933:Egretta
2912:Ardeola
2337:Torotix
2271:Order:
2265:Clade:
2259:Class:
2146:P. alba
2097:Species
2068:genus:
1724:B. rara
1490:extinct
1485:Species
1318:3493851
1275:Cotinga
1222:1368675
1178:4163112
1080:4086463
1059:The Auk
879:1521772
563:by the
533:insects
519:Feeding
457:kro kro
253:family
249:in the
245:, is a
215:, 1789)
162:Genus:
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
45:in the
3656:Ibises
3556:174966
3491:112820
3422:428445
3409:674305
3331:174967
3230:112821
2885:Agamia
2838:Matuku
2595:Milnea
2446:Scopus
2232:herons
1455:Ibises
1435:family
1427:ibises
1347:
1316:
1252:
1220:
1176:
1138:
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1032:
1002:
968:
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911:
877:
828:
501:Kansas
413:, the
384:. The
286:, and
284:Panama
213:Gmelin
175:, 1930
51:Brazil
3538:IRMNG
3383:73512
3313:IRMNG
3261:eBird
3253:3ZY6G
3237:BOW:
2905:Ardea
2505:Ardei
2461:Ardei
2086:Genus
1474:Genus
1314:JSTOR
1218:JSTOR
1196:(PDF)
1174:JSTOR
1160:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1076:JSTOR
1054:(PDF)
875:JSTOR
529:frogs
395:: no
372:word
370:Greek
326:genus
3618:GBIF
3564:NCBI
3551:ITIS
3530:3769
3512:GBIF
3504:5PKK
3486:BOLD
3391:OBIS
3352:NCBI
3339:IUCN
3326:ITIS
3305:3770
3274:GBIF
3225:BOLD
2261:Aves
2228:ibis
1429:and
1345:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1229:2015
1136:ISBN
1087:2015
1030:ISBN
1000:ISBN
966:ISBN
936:ISBN
909:ISBN
826:ISBN
799:2022
636:2021
619:2016
570:The
545:nest
543:Its
525:fish
491:and
446:bill
382:ibis
251:ibis
231:The
136:Aves
3499:CoL
3287:IBC
3248:CoL
3186:ADW
1387:on
1306:doi
1210:doi
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