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893:'s greenbelt has always been an issue in Iran's regional politics. Under a decades-long megaproject, the length of the green belt of Tehran increased from 29 square kilometers in 1979 to 530 square kilometers in 2017, and the number of parks in urban and suburban areas also increased from 75 in 1979 to 2,211 in 2017 in total. Such actions and additional afforestation increased the humidity level and chance of precipitation in the city, which cools the summer's temperatures down by up to 4 °C. The Tehran municipal government announced a goal of lengthening the green belt by 10 square kilometers each year.
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608:. Local Plans and land banking are to be relaxed for home building in the 2015–2030 period by law and the green belt will be reduced by some local authorities as each local authority must now consider it among the available shortlisted options in drawing development plans to meet higher housing targets. Critics argue that the green belts defeat their stated objective of saving the countryside and open spaces. Such criticism falls short when considering the other, broader benefits such as
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872:. The overall objective of this Greenbelt is for it to protect the water and natural reserves of Santo Domingo, as well as to regulate the expansion of settlements. However, it has largely been affected by uncontrolled urbanization, but other parts remain unaffected. With the aid of seventeen soldiers and some support from local municipalities, CONAU has been able to ensure the daily management and protection of the greenbelt.
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plan and carry out the conservation of endangered species and beach clean-ups. However, the lack of inclusion of the local community and economy into the national park's agenda meant that locals were left to find their own ways of feeding themselves and making money, as the creation of the park destroyed the fishing community that had previously thrived in the area.
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demand exceeds supply in housing, green belt homes compete directly with much city housing wherever such green belt homes are well-connected to the city. Further, they in all cases attract a future-guaranteed premium for protection of their views, recreational space and for the preservation/conservation value itself. Most also benefit from higher rates of urban
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who profit from a scarcity of housing, for example by lobbying to restrain new housing across the city. The stated motivation and benefits of the green belt might be well-intentioned (public health, social gardening and agriculture, environment), but inadequately realized relative to other solutions.
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Green belts were established in
England in 1955 to simply prevent the physical growth of large built-up areas; to prevent neighboring cities and towns from merging. In the UK, green belt around the major conurbations has been criticized as one of the main protectionist bars to building housing, the
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who would see a reduction in many green belts. Such studies focus on the widely inherent limitations of green belts. In most examples, only a small fraction of the population uses the green belt for leisure purposes. The IEA study claims that a green belt is not strongly causally linked to clean air
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When established around an economically prosperous city, homes in a green belt may have been motivated by or result in considerable premiums. They may also be more economically resilient as popular among the retired and less attractive for short-term renting of modest homes. Where in the city itself
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In the plan and boundary designation of the national park of Del Este, the coastal waters were not included. This meant that the local community could fish and use the waters as they desired, which did not please
American non-profit organizations (NGOs) that were working with the national park to
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is acquiring conservation easements on agricultural land around the city without the establishment of an urban growth boundary. While the city's initial plan did not include the participation of surrounding townships, at least four townships have participated directly or have initiated their own
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area. With approximately 17,000 km², it is inhabited by about 23 million people, corresponding to more than 10% of the country's total population in an area equivalent to 0.2% of the
Brazilian territory. There are over 6,000 km² of forests and other Atlantic Forest ecosystems at the
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The greenbelt reduced housing and property prices within the greenbelt causing landowners to lose economic capital that could be gained from developing the land. However, there are many benefits of the greenbelt in terms of nature preservation, better air quality, and the push for increased
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keeps territory (the agricultural zones) that is favorable for the practice and the development of agricultural activities. In so doing, the commission safeguards the agricultural territory and helps make its protection a local priority. The agricultural zones cover an area of 63 000 square
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835:. This protection is strict and urban development of agricultural land is only allowed if no reasonable alternative exists. However, it does not protect non-agricultural land, particularly hillsides, leading to substantial, and highly visible, leapfrog-type hillside sprawl.
566:. It also means people have to commute through the green belt, an area not designed to cope with high levels of transportation. Not only is the merit of a green belt subverted, but the green belt may heighten the problem and make the city unsustainable.
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The rapid urbanization and economic growth of South Korea after the Korean War expedited the need for land use legislation. However, the boundaries of the greenbelt were hastily drawn and did not include public input or preexisting villages in the
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The concept of "green belt" has evolved in recent years to encompass not only "Greenspace" but also "Greenstructure" which comprises all urban and peri-urban green spaces, an important aspect of sustainable development in the 21st century. The
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In 1965, the Korean
Planners Association developed the Capital Region Urban Plan that incorporated a Greenbelt and satellite towns along the development corridor between Seoul and Incheon after being influenced by the Greater London Plan of
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and water. Rather, they view the ultimate result of the decision to green-belt a city as one to prevent housing demand within the zone to be met with supply, thus exacerbating high housing prices and stifling competitive forces in general.
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proportionately than the city, it naturally tends toward greater economic wealth. In a protracted housing shortage, the reduction of the green belt is one of the possible solutions. All such solutions may be resisted however by private
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Other objectives include controlling northern parts for national security, eliminating illegal suburban shantytowns around Seoul, controlling land speculation, protecting agricultural land, and for environmental and natural resource
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When analyzing this
Greenbelt, it is important to bring up the role the United States (US) has played in its creation and maintenance. The American national park model is what influenced the conservation efforts in the Dominican
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uses and sometimes, development 'jumps' over the green belt area, resulting in the creation of "satellite towns" which, although separated from the city by the green belt, function more like suburbs than independent communities.
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inside and immediately outside of the belt: green belt homes have by definition nearby protected landscapes. Local residents in affluent parts of a green belt, as in parts of the city, can be assured of preserving any localized
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Another area of criticism comes from the fact that, since a green belt does not extend indefinitely outside a city, it spurs the growth of areas much further away from the city core than if it had not existed, thereby actually
115:, which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it. In essence, a green belt is an invisible line designating a border around a certain area, preventing development of the area and allowing
461:, and happiness, providing a benefit for both physical and mental health, in all cases easily provided or accessed in a green belt. Government planners also seek to protect the green belt as its local farmers are engaged in
821:. In an effort to restrain urban sprawl, the Ontario government created the Greenbelt Act in February 2005 to protect this greenspace from all future development, with the exception of limited agricultural use.
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The official
Greenbelt was first introduced as a "Limited Development Area" in 1971 with the then-new City Planning Law to prevent urban sprawl around Seoul. Green belts are currently designated around
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south of Ottawa. Whether they are originally planned as such, or the result of a newer administration taking advantage of land that was left available by its predecessors is debatable.
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In modern times, the term emerged from continental Europe where broad boulevards were increasingly used to separate new development from the centers of historic towns; most notably the
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is considered a green area with authority control over urbanization. Today it is a popular spot for tourism and cycling. The area is located within the border of
Bangkok Province and
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in an attempt to stop the spread of plague. However, this was not widely enforced and it was possible to buy dispensations which reduced the effectiveness of the proclamation.
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and are currently undergoing explosive growth. This leads to other problems, as residents of these areas have a longer commute to workplaces in the city and worse access to
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lost. A chronic housing shortage with inadequate new settlements and/or extension of those outside of the green belt and/or no green belt reduction has seen many
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There are many examples whereby the actual effect of green belts is to act as a land reserve for future freeways and other highways. Examples include sections of
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is halfway between a green belt and a greenway, nearly ringing central Boston. The final link in the chain, the
Dorchesterway, was never constructed.
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Reserve, one of the planet's most threatened biomes. In addition to a spectacular biological diversity, the GBBR's ecosystems render valuable
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in 1946, just as in France, of shifting capital away from the capital city (addressing regional disparity) and avoiding intra-urban gridlock.
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868:. It is composed of the National Botanical Garden, Mirador Del Norte, Mirador del Este, and other parks surrounding the area from its outer
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1811:, Industrial Systems Research/ Google Books, revised electronic edition 2013. Chapter two: "Greenbelt Barriers To Urban Expansion", Ebook
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The restrictions of the Green Belt were particularly in the 1940s–1980s mitigated with planned, government-supported, new towns under the
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they lobbied for a continuous belt (of up to two miles wide) to prevent urban sprawl, beyond which new development could occur.
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in 1875. Various proposals were put forward from 1890 onwards but the first to garner widespread support was put forward by the
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Political
Barriers To Housebuilding In Britain: A Critical Case Study Of Protectionism & Its Industrial-Commercial Effects
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protects agricultural land throughout the province from urban development, including its mountainous terrain and areas around
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1533:. p. 27. Published jointly by Palgrave Macmillan, University of Bahrain, and Islamic Research and Training Institute.
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which includes gardening and carries many benefits, especially to the retired . It also ignores the strategic aims of the
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Ensure that urban dwellers have access to the countryside, with consequent educational and recreational opportunities;
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is one of the world's oldest green belts, having been planned at the time of the city's rapid growth during the
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Bae, C. H. C. (1998). Korea's greenbelts: impacts and options for change. Pac. Rim. L. & Pol'y J., 7, 479.
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There are fourteen green belt areas in the UK covering 16,716 km or 12.4% of
England, and 164 km of
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291:. He did this by prohibiting any further removal of trees in a 12-mile-long strip around the city. In 1580
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Hoi-Fei Mok, Virginia G. Williamson, James R. Grove, Kristal Burry, S. Fiona Barker, Andrew J. Hamilton,
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Hoi-Fei Mok, Virginia G. Williamson, James R. Grove, Kristal Burry, S. Fiona Barker, Andrew J. Hamilton,
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The effectiveness of green belts differs depending on location and country. They can often be eroded by
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of the 1860s. It surrounds the city center on three sides (the fourth side being the city's harbor).
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790:, a 7300 km² band of land that encompasses the rural and agricultural land surrounding the
1991:"Urban Containment Policies and the Protection of Natural Areas: The Case of Seoul's Greenbelt"
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National Capital Commission :: The National Capital Greenbelt :: History and Culture
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772:, Canada's oldest green belt. Created in 1956 to help curb urban sprawl, it surrounds the
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In those countries which have them, the stated objectives of green belt policy are to:
1670:(NCC-CCN). 7 December 2007. NCC-CCN. Accessed 28 June 2008, unavailable February 2013.
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sites, often well-suited to industry and commerce, lost in existing conurbations.
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acts as a growth boundary for Adelaide and cools the city in the hottest months.
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1746:"Strawberry fields forever? Urban agriculture in developed countries: a review"
1733:"Strawberry fields forever? Urban agriculture in developed countries: a review"
1718:
Sarah Wakefield, Fiona Yeudall, Carolin Taron, Jennifer Reynolds, Ana Skinner,
1448:"Effects of Urban Green Belts on the Air Temperature, Humidity and Air Quality"
380:. On the fringe of the eastern suburbs, an expansive natural green belt in the
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1895:"Parks or people? National parks and the case of Del Este, Dominican Republic"
1404:
2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering
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present and so assuming the green belt is not from the outset an area of more
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376:, measuring approximately 7.6 km, surround, unbroken, the city center of
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Walking, camping, and biking areas close to cities, towns, or neighborhoods.
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is considered as "The Green Wedge Shire" because of the agreement with the
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318:. The term itself was first used in relation to the growth of London by
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1400:"Air Anion Density and its Affecting Factors in Greenbelts of Changsha"
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1038:
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482:
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442:
362:
245:
230:
172: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
Largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding urban areas
2017:
1833:. p. 27. Published jointly by Greg MacDonald, Ryerson University.
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1520:. Terradominicana.blogspot.com (2004-02-23). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
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also provide a partial North-South green belt through suburban areas.
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efficiency of infrastructure and public services in the urban areas.
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which is located approximately 30 km (19 miles) north-east of
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Fixing Boundaries: An International Review Of Greenbelt Boundaries
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1720:"Growing urban health: Community gardening in South-East Toronto"
1668:
National Capital Commission – Commission De La Capitale Nationale
400:– European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is undertaking
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1594:"How the battle for Hampstead Heath inspired the National Trust"
326:
in its "Development Plan of Greater London" 1919. Alongside the
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627:. These saw establishment beyond the green belts of new homes,
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141:
1760:"Liberating the Land: The Case for Private Land-Use Planning"
1642:
1569:"London's green belt: the forgotten strangler of the capital"
1452:
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management
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which prevents high-density infrastructure from being built.
668:'s Central Business District is completely encircled by the
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on three sides, with the fourth side being oceanfront. The
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efforts to protect agricultural land surrounding the city.
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created three Greenbelt communities based on the ideas of
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others being other planning restrictions (Local Plans and
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communities that might otherwise be absorbed by expanding
988:
Dunedin Town Belt flanks the hills above the central city
843:
Commission de protection du territoire agricole du Québec
761:, located in the middle of the map, is surrounded by the
1041:'s Bang Krachao Green Area located inside the curve of
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The housing market contrasts with more uncertainty and
34:. For specific areas of green belt and other uses, see
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10 chains (660 ft; 200 m) wide, surveyed by
295:
banned new buildings in a 3-mile wide belt around the
3615:
1941:"مساحت کمربند سبز تهران به بیش از ۳۹ هزار هکتار رسید"
266:
Better land use of areas within the bordering cities.
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Notable U.S. cities which have adopted UGBs include
806:, an environmentally sensitive land that is a major
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91:is a policy, and land-use zone designation used in
1446:ZHU, Chunyang; JI, Peng; LI, Shuhua (2017-03-21).
1072:, and other metropolitan areas around the country.
525:and the economics-heavy think tanks such as the
1619:"Vita Architecture - Building on the Greenbelt"
1531:Islamic Perspectives on Sustainable Development
1189:(the first greenbelt in the U.S. in 1958); and
996:is most commonly used for an urban green belt.
2042:"America's First Greenbelt May Be in Jeopardy"
493:, helping to conserve water and reduce waste.
310:. Green belt policy was then pioneered in the
122:The more general term in the United States is
30:"Greenbelt" redirects here. For the city, see
2812:
2739:List of housing markets by real estate prices
2092:
411:from 1994 has declared a series of parks in
237:The green belt has many benefits for people:
8:
1989:Bengston, David N.; Youn, Yeo-Chang (2006).
725:São Paulo City Green Belt Biosphere Reserve
419:to its north a "national city park" called
130:, which may be a very small area such as a
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1748:Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2013
1735:Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2013
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1547:. Sutton Publishing Limited. p. 118.
349:; for a detailed discussion of these, see
3330:Environmental issues in the United States
2016:
2006:
1471:
1398:Yaoqing, Yuan; Chen, Xiangji (May 2008).
402:"Case studies in Greenstructure Planning"
188:Learn how and when to remove this message
3315:Effects of climate change on agriculture
780:. It is mostly owned and managed by the
95:to retain areas of largely undeveloped,
3622:
1387:
846:kilometers in 952 local municipalities.
481:. Peri-urban agriculture may also help
449:setting, which has positive effects on
3697:Urban studies and planning terminology
3320:Effects of climate change on livestock
1873:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1866:
1518:Grupo Terra Dominicana: Cinturón Verde
1984:
1982:
1955:"طرح کمربند سبز تهران باید تکمیل شود"
1888:
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1643:"Friends of the Greenbelt Foundation"
7:
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3430:Tropical cyclones and climate change
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1722:Health Promotion International, 2007
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1208:which are now the municipalities of
170:adding citations to reliable sources
3463:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
1132:South and West Yorkshire Green Belt
802:. Most of the land consists of the
2724:Undergraduate real estate programs
1893:Macleod, Donald V.L. (July 2001).
1121:: 1,969 sq. miles (5,100 km).
546:. Examples commonly cited are the
339:green belt around the city of York
25:
3110:pharmaceuticals and personal care
2522:Investment rating for real estate
1758:Mark Pennington (18 March 2002).
1326:Development-supported agriculture
1300:Chicago park and boulevard system
1134:: 1,003 sq. miles (2,600 km)
1128:: 1,003 sq. miles (2,600 km)
729:Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve
415:and the adjacent municipality of
404:involving 15 European countries.
353:. Other notable examples are the
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3261:decline in amphibian populations
2966:Deforestation and climate change
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1780:How Much Open Space is Enough?"
864:) project surrounding the whole
727:– GBBR, an integral part of the
287:established a green belt around
225:Protect the unique character of
146:
3395:Land surface effects on climate
2852:Environmental impact assessment
2828:Human impact on the environment
1899:Progress in Development Studies
1784:(MN) – April 22, 2007 – A1 MAIN
1762:. Institute of Economic Affairs
1140:: 888 sq. miles (2,300 km)
703:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park
157:needs additional citations for
71:Green belt at Thompson Park in
2679:Graduate real estate education
2124:Tertiary sector of the economy
1655:National Capital Commission. "
660:Map of the Adelaide Park Lands
445:, particularly when done in a
119:to return and be established.
1:
3266:decline in insect populations
1473:10.3846/16486897.2016.1194276
948:Coulée verte du nord parisien
527:Institute of Economic Affairs
2633:Real estate investment trust
2238:Extraterrestrial real estate
1406:. IEEE. pp. 3824–3826.
1166:require cities to establish
943:Coulée verte du sud parisien
788:Greenbelt (Golden Horseshoe)
707:Blue Mountains National Park
558:, both of which are outside
2638:Real property administrator
2628:Real estate investment club
2040:Gray, Nolan (16 May 2019).
1223:More than 20 cities in the
1198:Public Works Administration
1097:Green belt (United Kingdom)
782:National Capital Commission
595:Green belt (United Kingdom)
367:National Capital Commission
103:surrounding or neighboring
36:Green belt (disambiguation)
3718:
3692:Sustainable urban planning
2295:Private equity real estate
1970:"The streets of Cambridge"
1911:10.1177/146499340100100303
1543:Halliday, Stephen (2004).
1191:Miami-Dade County, Florida
1094:
592:
359:Golden Horseshoe Greenbelt
29:
3568:
3503:Environmental engineering
3350:Environmental degradation
3127:fishing down the food web
2747:
2243:International real estate
2114:
1829:Canada’s first Greenbelt
1798:. Routledge. p. 318.
1545:Underground to Everywhere
970:Parco Agricolo Sud Milano
829:Agricultural Land Reserve
3508:Environmental mitigation
3365:Greenhouse gas emissions
3325:Environmental insecurity
1796:Encyclopedia of the City
1695:The Undercover Economist
1529:Iqbal, Munawwar (2005).
1239:Brooklyn-Queens Greenway
1183:Virginia Beach, Virginia
1138:West Midlands Green Belt
992:In New Zealand, the term
926:Royal National City Park
810:for the region, and the
711:Western Sydney Parklands
421:Royal National City Park
314:confronted with ongoing
204:Protect natural or semi-
3555:Sustainable consumption
2896:Social ecology (ethics)
2437:Real estate transaction
2326:Real estate development
2008:10.5751/es-01504-110103
1968:Ruth Wilkinson (1989).
1235:Staten Island Greenbelt
1168:urban growth boundaries
1119:Metropolitan Green Belt
1110:Metropolitan Green Belt
862:Santo Domingo Greenbelt
681:Nillumbik Shire Council
534:Increasing urban sprawl
473:effect, and provides a
107:. Similar concepts are
3498:Ecological engineering
3278:runaway climate change
2537:Real estate derivative
2497:Effective gross income
2263:Healthcare real estate
1782:St. Paul Pioneer Press
1412:10.1109/icbbe.2008.457
1346:Peri-urban agriculture
1260:using a radial layout.
1245:Barton Creek Greenbelt
1225:San Francisco Bay Area
1179:Twin Cities, Minnesota
1113:
1106:Green belts in England
989:
910:
765:
661:
610:peri-urban agriculture
489:and other products of
463:peri-urban agriculture
342:
293:Elizabeth I of England
84:
64:
60:green belt around the
50:
2881:List of global issues
2694:Industry trade groups
2598:Exclusive buyer agent
2552:Real estate valuation
2542:Real estate economics
2502:Gross rent multiplier
2331:Real estate investing
2233:Corporate Real Estate
2074:at Wikimedia Commons
1794:Caves, R. W. (2004).
1366:Urban growth boundary
1321:Conservation movement
1254:Rotonda West, Florida
1126:North West Green Belt
1104:
987:
938:Green Belt of Cologne
905:
858:Greater Santo Domingo
756:
697:is surrounded by the
659:
602:restrictive covenants
560:the city's green belt
336:
263:Cleaner air and water
70:
56:
44:
3483:Community resilience
3283:in the United States
3251:Biodiversity threats
2924:cannabis cultivation
2891:Planetary boundaries
2857:Environmental issues
2847:Ecological footprint
2512:Highest and best use
2478:Economics, financing
2442:Real estate contract
2336:Real estate flipping
2305:Residential property
2248:Lease administration
2200:United Arab Emirates
1623:vitaarchitecture.com
1356:Retirement community
1336:Greenway (landscape)
1218:Greendale, Wisconsin
1027:Wellington Town Belt
792:Greater Toronto Area
757:The central core of
689:Victorian Government
467:carbon sequestration
283:In the 7th century,
206:natural environments
166:improve this article
3545:Restoration ecology
3478:Climate engineering
3415:Ocean acidification
3405:Loss of green belts
3375:Holocene extinction
3370:Habitat destruction
3045:Environmental crime
2492:Capitalization rate
2487:Asset-based lending
2321:Property management
2226:Commercial building
2221:Commercial property
1995:Ecology and Society
1464:2017JEELM..25...39Z
1316:Community separator
1264:Ann Arbor, Michigan
1210:Greenbelt, Maryland
1187:Lexington, Kentucky
915:European Green Belt
798:, and parts of the
699:Royal National Park
571:Ontario Highway 407
498:economic liberalism
390:European Commission
374:Adelaide Park Lands
58:Adelaide Park Lands
32:Greenbelt, Maryland
3560:Waste minimization
3518:Mitigation banking
3513:Industrial ecology
3473:Cleaner production
3425:Resource depletion
2961:Corporate behavior
2919:animal agriculture
2719:Real estate trends
2623:Real estate broker
2593:Chartered Surveyor
2547:Real estate bubble
2527:Mortgage insurance
2360:Adverse possession
2283:Luxury real estate
2258:Garden real estate
1662:2011-07-20 at the
1371:Urban rural fringe
1229:Greenbelt Alliance
1114:
1011:Hamilton Town Belt
990:
966:Green Belt, France
911:
851:Dominican Republic
812:Niagara Escarpment
804:Oak Ridges Moraine
766:
742:ecosystem services
670:Adelaide Parklands
662:
633:infill development
625:New Towns Act 1981
621:New Towns Act 1946
604:) and developers'
409:Swedish parliament
343:
272:urban rural fringe
99:, or agricultural
85:
65:
51:
3613:
3612:
3435:Water degradation
3310:Ecological crisis
3256:biodiversity loss
3055:Industrialisation
3040:Genetic pollution
2886:Impact assessment
2794:
2793:
2432:Property abstract
2415:Land registration
2375:Concurrent estate
2300:Real estate owned
2290:Off-plan property
2268:Vacation property
2253:Niche real estate
2070:Media related to
1698:. Little, Brown.
1600:. 12 January 2022
1554:978-0-7509-3843-3
1421:978-1-4244-1747-6
1341:Land use planning
1043:Chao Phraya River
1001:Dunedin Town Belt
953:Promenade plantée
932:German Green Belt
866:Distrito Nacional
860:has a Greenbelt (
819:Biosphere Reserve
796:Niagara Peninsula
674:initially planned
637:urban green space
471:urban heat island
248:network for wild
198:
197:
190:
93:land-use planning
16:(Redirected from
3709:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3410:Phosphorus cycle
3390:Land consumption
3385:Land degradation
3360:Freshwater cycle
3159:Overexploitation
3132:marine pollution
2939:cocoa production
2821:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2782:
2781:
2769:
2768:
2756:
2755:
2699:Investment firms
2618:Property manager
2517:Home equity loan
2420:Leasehold estate
2380:Conditional sale
2101:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2020:
2010:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1890:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1849:. Archived from
1848:
1840:
1834:
1827:
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1806:
1800:
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1778:
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1521:
1515:
1502:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1395:
1289:Emerald Necklace
1241:in New York City
1214:Greenhills, Ohio
1175:Portland, Oregon
936:Inner and Outer
825:British Columbia
770:Ottawa Greenbelt
763:Ottawa Greenbelt
647:Notable examples
564:public transport
521:Critics include
355:Ottawa Greenbelt
193:
186:
182:
179:
173:
150:
142:
77:Middlesex County
21:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3682:Protected areas
3677:Land management
3662:
3661:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3624:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3564:
3523:Organic farming
3449:
3440:Water pollution
3420:Ozone depletion
3400:Loss and damage
3300:Desertification
3237:
3149:Overconsumption
3070:cleaning agents
2971:Energy industry
2934:meat production
2900:
2830:
2825:
2795:
2790:
2743:
2647:
2566:
2507:Hard money loan
2479:
2473:
2454:Rent regulation
2345:
2309:
2209:
2128:
2110:
2105:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2034:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1943:. January 2017.
1939:
1938:
1934:
1892:
1891:
1882:
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1857:
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1846:
1844:"Archived copy"
1842:
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1752:
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1730:
1726:
1717:
1713:
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1688:
1687:
1674:
1664:Wayback Machine
1654:
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1500:
1489:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1422:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1308:
1271:Boise Greenbelt
1227:have UGBs (see
1206:Ebenezer Howard
1147:
1112:outlined in red
1099:
1093:
1056:
1035:
1015:Leamington and
1005:Otago gold rush
982:
900:
887:
853:
800:Bruce Peninsula
751:
720:
654:
649:
614:Attlee Ministry
597:
591:
536:
523:Mark Pennington
465:which augments
434:
429:
394:COST Action C11
351:Green belt (UK)
281:
194:
183:
177:
174:
163:
151:
140:
73:Monroe Township
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3715:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Regional parks
3684:
3679:
3674:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:Earth sciences
3646:
3634:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3581:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Sustainability
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3445:Water scarcity
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3380:Nitrogen cycle
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:Forest dieback
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3273:Climate change
3270:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3229:
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3211:
3206:
3201:
3191:
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3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
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3129:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:nanotechnology
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
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3057:
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3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
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3015:
3010:
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2995:
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2968:
2963:
2958:
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2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2874:on marine life
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:list of issues
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2785:List of topics
2775:
2762:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2734:Urban planning
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:Property cycle
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Gentrification
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:Moving company
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
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2572:
2568:
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2565:
2564:
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2504:
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2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:Eminent domain
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Chain of title
2362:
2356:
2354:
2353:and regulation
2347:
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2343:
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2333:
2328:
2323:
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2315:
2311:
2310:
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2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
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2215:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2205:United Kingdom
2202:
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2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
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2157:
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2147:
2142:
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2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2061:
2060:
2032:
1978:
1960:
1946:
1932:
1905:(3): 221–235.
1880:
1835:
1822:
1801:
1786:
1773:
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1704:
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1610:
1598:Ham & High
1585:
1560:
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1535:
1522:
1503:
1487:
1435:
1420:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Sustainability
1358:
1353:
1351:Prime farmland
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
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1141:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1095:Main article:
1092:
1091:United Kingdom
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1034:
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1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:Charles Heaphy
1013:
1008:
981:
978:
977:
976:
967:
961:
955:
950:
945:
940:
934:
929:
923:
920:Banjica Forest
917:
899:
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894:
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873:
852:
849:
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747:
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745:
735:metro and the
719:
716:
715:
714:
692:
677:
653:
650:
648:
645:
629:infrastructure
593:Main article:
590:
589:United Kingdom
587:
579:Hunt Club Road
535:
532:
510:social housing
469:, reduces the
433:
430:
428:
425:
407:An act of the
382:Adelaide Hills
324:London Society
312:United Kingdom
297:City of London
280:
277:
268:
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264:
261:
242:
235:
234:
223:
220:
209:
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154:
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139:
136:
45:Green belt in
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3714:
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3700:
3698:
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3561:
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3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:Reforestation
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
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3499:
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3489:
3488:Cultured meat
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Birth control
3466:
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3461:
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3408:
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3398:
3396:
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3358:
3356:
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3338:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
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3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:Deforestation
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
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3252:
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3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
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3202:
3200:
3197:
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3195:
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3190:
3187:
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3182:
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3177:
3175:
3172:
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3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
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3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
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3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:Manufacturing
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:nuclear power
3011:
3009:
3008:fracking (US)
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
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2855:
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2840:
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2833:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2737:
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2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
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2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
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2672:
2670:
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2656:
2654:
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2644:
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2639:
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2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
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2611:
2609:
2606:
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2601:
2599:
2596:
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2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Mortgage loan
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:and valuation
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Torrens title
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Real property
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
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2403:
2401:
2398:
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2393:
2391:
2388:
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2378:
2376:
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2368:
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2363:
2361:
2358:
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2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Golf property
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
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2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1856:on 2009-01-06
1852:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:9780906321645
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1761:
1754:
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1728:
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1715:
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1550:
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1514:
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1508:
1504:
1498:
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1461:
1457:
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1327:
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1313:
1310:
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1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:United States
1144:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
995:
986:
979:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
935:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
904:
897:
892:
889:
888:
884:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
850:
844:
840:
837:
834:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:
767:
764:
760:
755:
748:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
717:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
664:
663:
658:
651:
646:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
596:
588:
586:
584:
583:Richmond Road
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
533:
531:
528:
524:
519:
516:
511:
507:
504:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
431:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
276:
273:
265:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
239:
238:
232:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
202:
201:
192:
189:
181:
171:
167:
161:
160:
155:This section
153:
149:
144:
143:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
82:
78:
74:
69:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3404:
3226:urban sprawl
3221:Urbanization
3169:Particulates
3154:Overdrafting
2869:Human impact
2842:Anthropocene
2783:
2771:
2757:
2704:Land banking
2683:
2603:Land banking
2588:Buyer broker
2562:Rental value
2385:Conveyancing
2195:Saudi Arabia
2064:
2051:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
1998:
1994:
1963:
1949:
1935:
1902:
1898:
1858:. Retrieved
1851:the original
1838:
1830:
1825:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1753:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1693:
1651:
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1577:. Retrieved
1575:. 2012-05-16
1573:The Guardian
1572:
1563:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1458:(1): 39–55.
1455:
1451:
1403:
1376:Urban sprawl
1280:
1275:Boise, Idaho
1047:Samut Sakorn
993:
991:
958:Vienna Woods
869:
842:
774:capital city
618:
606:land banking
598:
568:
544:urban sprawl
540:
537:
520:
495:
435:
432:House prices
406:
386:
372:The dynamic
371:
344:
341:, in England
320:Octavia Hill
316:rural flight
301:
282:
269:
236:
199:
184:
175:
164:Please help
159:verification
156:
127:
123:
121:
113:green wedges
112:
88:
86:
3672:Green belts
3632:Environment
3340:Externality
3335:Coral reefs
3295:Defaunation
3164:Overgrazing
3137:overfishing
3117:Marine life
2991:electricity
2914:Agriculture
2729:Urban decay
2583:Buyer agent
2405:Foreclosure
2400:Encumbrance
2273:Arable land
2185:Puerto Rico
2133:By location
2108:Real estate
2072:Green belts
1690:Tim Harford
1312:Buffer zone
1258:Punta Gorda
1076:protection.
1054:South Korea
980:New Zealand
928:, Stockholm
550:suburbs of
459:self-esteem
244:Contiguous
213:air quality
124:green space
105:urban areas
62:city centre
3666:Categories
3605:mitigation
3600:assessment
3595:by country
3493:Decoupling
3455:Mitigation
3184:Reservoirs
3105:pesticides
3050:Explosives
3028:reservoirs
2929:irrigation
2684:Green belt
2557:Remortgage
2341:Relocation
2140:Bangladesh
2018:10535/3395
1860:2009-08-05
1766:6 December
1705:0345494016
1628:2024-01-08
1604:2022-12-02
1579:2022-12-02
1382:References
1281:The Jungle
1160:Washington
1154:states of
922:, Belgrade
909:Green Belt
870:municipios
705:, and the
641:brownfield
541:increasing
506:status quo
491:wastewater
304:Ringstraße
178:April 2024
128:greenspace
89:green belt
81:New Jersey
3528:Recycling
3194:Transport
3179:Quarrying
3174:Pollution
3033:transport
3023:petroleum
3018:oil shale
2981:biodiesel
2669:Filtering
2659:Companies
2578:Appraiser
2459:Severance
2155:Indonesia
2027:1708-3087
1927:153548020
1919:1464-9934
1482:1648-6897
1283:, Seattle
1164:Tennessee
1049:Province.
1017:Cambridge
994:Town Belt
960:, Austria
876:Republic.
833:Vancouver
733:São Paulo
685:Melbourne
672:, as was
652:Australia
573:north of
515:landlords
503:bourgeois
487:greywater
479:organisms
451:nutrition
447:community
439:gardening
427:Criticism
413:Stockholm
109:greenways
18:Greenbelt
3590:Category
3214:shipping
3199:aviation
3085:plastics
3075:concrete
3060:Land use
2976:biofuels
2944:palm oil
2759:Category
2664:Eviction
2608:Landlord
2410:Land law
2175:Pakistan
2119:Property
1869:cite web
1692:(2005).
1660:Archived
1430:43199426
1306:See also
1256:near to
1202:New Deal
1033:Thailand
1023:in 1864.
676:in 1837.
666:Adelaide
577:and the
378:Adelaide
347:Scotland
285:Muhammad
258:wildlife
211:Improve
138:Purposes
117:wildlife
3644:Ecology
3618:Portals
3579:Commons
3355:Erosion
3305:Ecocide
3243:Effects
3189:Tourism
3122:fishing
3080:fashion
3003:fashion
2956:Bitcoin
2835:General
2772:Commons
2689:Indices
2571:Parties
2370:Closing
2314:Sectors
2047:CityLab
1460:Bibcode
1331:Ecology
1200:of the
1170:(UGBs).
1108:, with
1039:Bangkok
808:aquifer
575:Toronto
556:Orleans
483:recycle
475:habitat
455:fitness
443:farming
369:(NCC).
363:Ontario
279:History
254:animals
246:habitat
231:suburbs
215:within
3702:Zoning
3583:
3572:
3144:Mining
2998:energy
2906:Causes
2777:
2764:
2751:
2709:People
2643:Tenant
2469:Zoning
2190:Russia
2180:Panama
2165:Turkey
2145:Canada
2053:16 May
2025:
1925:
1917:
1815:
1702:
1551:
1480:
1428:
1418:
1293:Boston
1249:Austin
1216:, and
1156:Oregon
964:Rennes
907:Rennes
898:Europe
891:Tehran
839:Quebec
816:UNESCO
784:(NCC).
778:Ottawa
759:Ottawa
749:Canada
737:Santos
718:Brazil
701:, the
695:Sydney
552:Kanata
548:Ottawa
485:urban
308:Vienna
289:Medina
250:plants
219:areas;
83:, U.S.
49:, Iran
47:Tehran
3538:urban
3209:roads
3100:paper
3095:paint
2652:Other
2425:Lease
2214:Types
2170:Kenya
2160:Italy
2150:China
2001:(1).
1973:(PDF)
1923:S2CID
1854:(PDF)
1847:(PDF)
1426:S2CID
1080:area.
1070:Busan
1066:Seoul
1060:1944.
974:Milan
635:sees
417:Solna
227:rural
217:urban
3204:rail
2986:coal
2949:(US)
2390:Deed
2055:2019
2023:ISSN
1915:ISSN
1875:link
1813:ISBN
1768:2013
1700:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1478:ISSN
1416:ISBN
1298:The
1287:The
1237:and
1196:The
1162:and
1152:U.S.
1150:The
1124:The
1117:The
885:Iran
856:The
814:, a
794:and
723:The
679:The
623:and
581:and
554:and
477:for
441:and
398:COST
357:and
337:The
328:CPRE
256:and
132:park
101:land
97:wild
3233:War
2351:Law
2013:hdl
2003:doi
1907:doi
1666:."
1468:doi
1408:doi
1291:in
841:'s
827:'s
776:of
392:'s
361:in
306:in
168:by
126:or
111:or
3668::
2044:.
2021:.
2011:.
1999:11
1997:.
1993:.
1981:^
1921:.
1913:.
1901:.
1897:.
1883:^
1871:}}
1867:{{
1675:^
1621:.
1596:.
1571:.
1506:^
1490:^
1476:.
1466:.
1456:25
1454:.
1450:.
1438:^
1424:.
1414:.
1402:.
1390:^
1314:/
1273:,
1247:,
1212:,
1185:;
1181:;
1177:;
1158:,
1068:,
972:,
457:,
453:,
423:.
252:,
134:.
87:A
79:,
75:,
3620::
2820:e
2813:t
2806:v
2100:e
2093:t
2086:v
2057:.
2029:.
2015::
2005::
1975:.
1957:.
1929:.
1909::
1903:1
1877:)
1863:.
1770:.
1708:.
1645:.
1631:.
1607:.
1582:.
1557:.
1484:.
1470::
1462::
1432:.
1410::
1220:.
1193:.
744:.
396:(
260:.
233:.
208:;
191:)
185:(
180:)
176:(
162:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
