Climate change in Finland - Knowledge (XXG)

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of the first frost will occur 15–30 days later than today, while the last frost day will occur 15–30 days earlier than today. The number of days with snow cover is predicted to decrease to 40–60 days at the end of the 21st century where the greatest decrease will happen in the south-western parts of Finland, compared to today's annual number of 120 (in southern Finland) - 240 (in northern Finland) days with snow cover. The winter precipitation is predicted to increase, which in short term may lead to increasing levels of snow in the northern and central parts of Finland, but long term, it might lead to a diminished snow cover in the entire country.

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snow is considered a threat for many nature-based tourism activities, but a shorter winter season is, however, not a threat for all entrepreneurs, such as those arranging downhill skiing. The entrepreneurs arranging snowmobiling and dog sledding, are considered vulnerable since their activities require large areas and plenty of snow. The concept of Finland is a winter wonderland and the home of Santa Claus means that entrepreneurs depend on snowy landscapes, building great expectations among tourists. A change in snow quality and a delay in the season where snow is abundant may lead to a decrease in the number of tourists.

2009: 1620: 1637: 31: 4569: 987:. This is equal to 170 000 km with a car. In most European countries the fuel for planes is tax-free, also in Finland. Thereby Finland lost €63 million in tax revenues in 2012. Finland has supported the airfields with €20 million annually. European commercial aviation is supported by €27 billion annually. If European Union would collect 15% VAT from flights in the European Union income would be €11 billion. 4591: 1075:. Climate Action Network (CAN) Europe claimed that due to its stake in Uniper, Fortum is involved in energy production that is linked to hundreds of premature deaths annually in Europe and sets back efforts to slow climate change. Fortum become a major player in Europe's fossil fuel exit. With ca, 50% of Uniper, Fortum's total carbon footprint is bigger than that of the whole of Finland's. 1720:

has created job opportunities, but also means that the success of its tourist industry is dependent on cold temperatures and snow. The revenue of the Finnish tourism industry was 16,2 billion USD in 2015, and is expected to reach US$ 18.6 billion in 2020. About 97% of the Finnish population takes part in recreational activities, and about 40% participates in nature-based tourism.

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Year 2017 climate gas emissions compared to 1990 were in Helsinki - 24%, Espoo + 8%, Vantaa +2% and Kauniainen -9%. About 80% of emissions were from heating and transport. The summary report does not include emissions from air travel and construction nor verifies that these emissions were indifferent

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There was 26 million aviation travels in Finland in 2019. The number increased 4% compared to 2018. Airports include at least Helsinki-Vantaa, Turku, Rovaniemi, Oulu and Tampere. In 2018 population was 5,518 people. This makes approximately in average 4.71 air travels per citizen in Finland in 2019.

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Carbon neutrality will have consequences in taxes: Finnish state collects significant taxes from fossil fuel traffic: State vehicle taxes in 2018 were in total €8,100 million including (millions round up or down): new vehicle 1,000, vehicle in traffic €1,200, fuels €2,700, VAT fuel €1,200, VAT new

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According to climate change projections, the crucial changes in temperature will occur during the winter where the predicted warming until 2040 is 1.2-5 °C. This change in temperature will decrease the number of days where the temperature is below 0 °C and scientists predict that the date

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Emissions of foreign flights in Finland are about equal to traffic emissions inland. The total warming effect is at least twice the one caused by carbon dioxide emissions, multiplying factor may be between 2 and 5. It is influenced by water vapor and nitrogen oxides. Car traffic is 10% of Finland's

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Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon,

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The population of the three biggest cities in the metropolitan capital area was 21% of the total population of Finland in 2018: Helsinki 650,000, Espoo 285 000, and Vantaa 230 000. As passages volumes in 2018 free local collective traffic would cost annually in Helsinki €215 million, In Espoo €215

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With warmer temperatures, winter precipitation may fall as rain to a greater extent than at present day, which could decrease the snow cover depth and lead to icy surfaces, hindering movement and changing the aesthetics of the landscape. A decrease in snow and ice and changes in the quality of the

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Finland, and especially the northern rural parts of the country, has a variety of nature-based tourism attractions, such as downhill skiing, snowmobiling, and dog sledding. Since the 1980s, Christmas tourism has emerged in Finnish Lapland. Lapland's image as a winter wonderland tourist destination

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The major changing factors for the annual emission changes were the consumption of coal and peat. In 2006 the hard coal increase was 92% subject to industry(including energy producing industry) separate electricity generation from hard coal. At the same time the controversial peat consumption was

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Plan for 2022 which aims to handle the risks associated with climate change and adapt to the changing climate for Finnish society. The goals of the plan are: A) Adaptation must be integrated into the planning and activities in different sectors and their stakeholders; B) Stakeholders need to have

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In 2016, Finland's carbon dioxide emissions amounted to 58.8 million tonnes; 12.5 million tonnes less than the amount in 1990. However, this figure was a 6 per cent increase from 2015; nevertheless, it is still 18 per cent lower than in 1990. The largest factors explaining the growth in emissions

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Summer 2010 storms (Asta 29.-30.7 Vera 4.8, Lahja 7.8, and Sylvi 8.8) caused widespread damage. Insurance companies paid €81.6 million for the storm damages. Trees fell 9.1 million m. 480 000 persons had power line breaks, up to 6 weeks. 35 000 km of the power line was damaged. Compensation

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is equally important to decrease carbon emissions. In 2018, WWF recommended increased forest conservation in Finland, especially the prevention of the use of old-growth forests for energy generation. Forests in Finland bind carbon in soil twice as much as forest trees. Finnish agriculture emits

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The annual Finnish mean temperature has risen 2.3 °C since the middle of the 19th century. Warming has been greatest in early winter, nearly 5 °C. The month of July 2018 in Finland had the highest-ever temperatures recorded by the Finnish Meteorological Institute, founded in 1838. In

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Municipal emissions were calculated in 2020 excluding industry, construction, aviation and foreign shipping. For example, aviation was not included in evaluation. In comparison, the Swedish aviation emissions are in total approximately equal to the emissions from the Swedish passenger vehicle

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reports Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry claim that peat is renewable energy. However, it is an undisputed fact that peat is formed over 10,000 years in favourable conditions. Finland has ditched the majority of its wetlands. The Finnish peat companies have also been active abroad, in

1799:(NDC's) are the plans to fight climate change adapted for each country. Every party in the agreement has different goals based on its own historical climate records and country's circumstances. All the goals for each country are stated in their NDCs. In the case of member countries of the 2705:

Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate

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costs were over €10 million for the power customers. Other power company costs included €18 million for the repair and $ 4 million for extra investments. Co-operation between the responsible organisations and persons did not run effectively after the storms.

1752:>31 %. Total population growth in all of Finland during this time span has been less than 10%. However, the impact on housing is clear. There are empty houses in Finland's smaller cities, but more and more new houses are being built in the big cities. 802:

as energy and land is responsible for a third of all Finnish climate change emissions. This includes energy use, agriculture, and digging ditches. Digging ditches in peat forests is also one of the major reducers of biodiversity in Finland. According to

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between 2015 and 2016 were the increase in coal consumption and the decline in the proportion of biofuels used in transport. Emissions grew in some sectors. These sectors include energy, where it went up by eight per cent (or 3.3 million tonnes of CO

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Finland completed a national renewable energy program in 1999. It was accepted as the national climate strategy in 2001. It included targets for renewable energy but no limit on the use of fossil and nuclear energy. The target is comparable to the

1909:. The aim of the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan is to establish measures for adaptation to climate change until 2022. The National Climate Change Adaptation Plan implements the EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change within Finland. 1046:

forests as raw material. Eucalyptus uses a lot of water and will contaminate the soil. Concerns include the risk that endemic forest areas will decline directly or indirectly because of the new eucalyptus areas and contribute to global warming.

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in 2019. Uniper carbon dioxide emissions in 2018 were 59.5 million tons. However, Uniper does not report foreign-based emissions, nor does the Finish government. This distorts the emissions data and runs counter to transparency expectations.

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access to climate change assessment and management methods and C) Research and development, communication, and education must improve the adaptive capacity of the society, develop innovative solutions and improv citizens’ awareness of

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forms. Until the end of 2014 Finnish governments have given no obligations in the new renewables for companies, industries, or municipals. Russia had the interest to build and share own a nuclear plant in Finland in 2014 during the

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is a half state-owned energy company. Fortum's energy strategy is large investments in nuclear energy in Finland, Sweden, and Russia. Fortum aims to invest 15 percent in a controversial Finnish nuclear power plant to be built by

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in 2011. The previous storm of this type in Finland was Janika in November 2001. The highest momentary gust on land was 31.5 m/s. Power outages peaked on December 12, 2011, when over 300,000 homes had no electricity.

2444: 3121: 1846:. Pöyry is a national and international company that consults with the forest industry and works toward development. According to the report, Finland's national target was to increase during 1995-2010: 655:

The carbon foot print was twice as big in the new houses compared to more spacious detached house areas in 2003–2012 in Finland, In the city carbon foot print was 11.7 tn and suburb 8 tn per person.

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set a target of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050 but has seen no decline in emissions since 2007. Lohja, Raseborg, Siuntio and Hanko set targets to reduce emissions 80% from 2007 to 2030.

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In 2013, autumn storm Eino resulted in over 200,000 Finnish homes losing power, impacting about 10% of Finnish families. Maximum wind speed was 27.3 m/s inland and 32.9 m/s in sea.

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Tervo, Kaarina (December 2008). "The Operational and Regional Vulnerability of Winter Tourism to Climate Variability and Change: The Case of the Finnish Nature‐Based Tourism Entrepreneurs".

1823:. This calls for a legally binding 40% drop in emissions by 2030, using 1990 levels of carbon output as the baseline. The Finnish government accept that human-induced greenhouse gases cause 2376:

VTT:n johtajalla turvekytkös, Ministeriölle energiaveroraportin laatineen tutkijan tausta arveluttaa, Teknologiajohtajan esimies kiistää alaisensa edustavan turvelobbareita, HS 9.9.2010 A3

2997: 2761: 2403:"Tukka nousi pystyyn", Oikeusoppineet: VTT:n viestintäohje ristiriidassa perustuslain kanssa. Professori Mäenpään mukaan "pimittämisohjeet rajoittavat sananvapautta, HS 10.9.2010 A5 2327:

Jyri Seppälä, Kaisu Aapala, Kimmo Silvo and Raimo Heikkilä 2008: Muistio Suomen IPCC-ryhmän avoimesta Turpeen ilmastovaikutusten arviointi -seminaarista. Suomen ympäristökeskus

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increased. The district heating used 42% of hard coal in average 1990–2006, but its annual variation was small compared to the industry separate electricity generation.

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as energy has been financially promoted by the Finnish government since 2005. The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) has been accepted in Finland but not always enforced.

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emitters in 2001, on a per capita basis. Emissions increased to 58.8 million tonnes in 2016. Finland needs to triple its current cuts to emissions in order to be

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emissions in 2018. This includes emissions from peat storage and peat production area. Digging ditches in peatland fields in Finland created 6 million tons of CO

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may have large climate change emissions at an individual level. If a four-person family flies to Thailand, its climate emissions are 15 000000-20 000 kg CO

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European Union aims in 2014 demanding targets to decline emissions 40% from 1990 level to 2030. In Finnish traffic this goal demands a decline from 12.48 Mtn CO

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Finland was among the top five greenhouse gas emitters in 2001: The consumption emissions per capita of greenhouse gases in 2001 of the top 5 countries were

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Germany may increase this company's total emissions so meaningfully that foreign emissions impact climate change. Fortum's headquarters is in Espoo Finland.

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Police estimate that 10,000 people attended the April 2019 climate peace march in Helsinki. In January 2020 99% of Finns said action must be taken to stop

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Eukalyptusmetsä voi pilata maaperän. Olisi kiinnostavaa tietää, kaadetaanko Uruguayn endeemisiä metsiä eukalyptusmetsien alta. 15.11.2017 Sesse Koivisto

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is elected for four years period. On average Finland's climate target imply a 25% carbon emission decline in each sector during each parliament period.

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In Finland, milk and cheese are consumed at 350 liters per person a year. Milk is equal to 3-4% of carbon emissions. This is equal to one air travel to

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is 6% of Finland's total climate-warming emissions. Forests that are cut down for buildings, roads, and new fields total 19 000 hectares annually. The

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million and in Vantaa €215 million. Helsinki local traffic aims to have at least half of the busses electric in 2030 and 400 electric busses in 2025.

999:. Aviation emissions have doubled in 20 years in Finland, Finland's aviation statistics do not report international flights emissions created abroad. 2348: 4620: 4553: 3284: 1792: 3895: 3253: 2729: 4496: 3647: 3109: 2285:

Measuring greenhouse gas emissions from international air travel of a country’s residents methodological development and application for Sweden

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plant is a source of ecological risk in Uruguay. In May 2020, UPM confirmed that it will invest in the biggest cellulose plant in the world in

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After climate summit, Niinistö to address General Assembly. The president says Finland will lead the world by example in emissions reduction

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Kuntien päästöt vähenivät, mutta päästölaskennan tulos epäilyttää – Miksi maaseutua syyllistetään, mutta helsinkiläisten lentoja ei lasketa?

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Sähköbussien osuus kasvaa vauhdilla kaupunkiliikenteessä – Pohjolan Liikenteen arvion mukaan 20 vuoden kuluttua dieselbusseja ei enää ole

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Finnish forest management practices have resulted in significant net releases of carbon into the atmosphere from Finnish forest and

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and back. One cow emits 850 liters of methane a day. 16,000 cows produce 50GWh gas which equals 5000 cars use. Climate panel demand

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predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C.

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Nelihenkisen perheen lentomatka Thaimaahan tuottaa kohteesta ja jatkolennoista riippuen 15 000-20 000 kiloa hiilidioksidipäästöjä.

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Between 2010 and March 2019, there were 102 days with record daily temperatures reported, clearly more than at any time in the

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Espoo tavoittelee hiilineutraaliutta 2030 – nyt tarvitaan rohkeutta ja satsauksia energiatehokkuuteen ja uusiutuvaan energiaan

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have no fuel tax. Commercial aviation has no fuel tax. Private aviation has no fuel tax. Commercial ships have no fuel tax.

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In 2020 Uniper aims to open a new coal plant Datteln 4 in Germany. It was criticised by environmentalists in February 2020.

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Miten päästöt saadaan kuriin Helsingin Sanomat 9.8.2019 A6-A7 (ref The Finnish Climate Change Panel Mr. Markku Ollikainen)

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for peat in 2010. Moreover, she tried to suppress all the second opinions of her colleagues in VTT in conflict with the

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VTT:n painostuspuheet eivät yllätä professoria, VTT on tarkentanut työntekijöidensä julkisuusohjeita, HS 27.8.2010 A10

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https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Netherlands%20First/EU_NDC_Submission_December%202020.pdf

2421: 1697:. In 2012, a fly was found that had previously been known only in England, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. 2937:

Tilastokeskus : 022 -- Väestö asuinpaikan kaupunki-maaseutu-luokituksen mukaan sekä osuus väestöstä 1990 - 2017

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Jörgen Larsson, Anneli Kamba, Jonas Nässéna and Jonas Åkermanb, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 72: 137-144

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in Finland include also e.g. 23% imports of electricity in 2018. and forest industry investments in South America.

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Annual mean precipitation (%) in Finland in 2000–2085 compared to the average values in 1971–2000, under different

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Kansalaisaloite matkustajakohtaisesta lentoverosta luovutettiin eduskunnalle – "Lentäminen on aivan liian halpaa"

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by 2029. Finland has a target of carbon neutrality by the year 2035 without carbon credits. The policies include

2859: 2844: 2772: 1795:, its main goal is to limit global warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. The 4511: 4465: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4420: 4410: 4400: 4382: 4367: 4357: 4302: 4292: 4209: 4179: 4174: 4148: 4083: 4015: 3994: 3868: 3668: 3439: 1782: 769: 380: 690:

in 2029, compared to 2025 in the UK, 2022 in France and 2030 in Denmark. In 2018 there was zero new installed

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Suomalaisten lentämisen päästöistä näkyy vain murto-osa – lentokoneet saastuttavat jo saman verran kuin autot

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Published in February 2003 was a government-ordered evaluation report from the Electrowatt-Ekono Oy, part of

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equivalent); industrial processes, where product use increased by four per cent (or 0.3 million tonnes of CO

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the goals are very similar and the European Union work with a common strategy within the Paris agreement.

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representative as head of the committee to give recommendations for the future traffic policy in Finland.

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Energy Statistics Yearbook 2009, Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuels Table 11.3.1, Statistics Finland 2010

1933: 964: 875: 687: 138: 4590: 632:, including transportation, 1.4 million tn and heating, 2.6 million tn. Greenhouse gas emissions from 3759: 3744: 3698: 3601: 3544: 3454: 3407: 2719: 2644: 2013: 1959: 1679: 1611:’s (FMI) measurement history. Temperature patterns show that Finland is experiencing climate change. 699: 142: 1678:

Finland had a heatwave above + 30 °C in June 2013. This occurred during the same period as the

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equivalent, and from the production of electricity and heat, they rose by 1.4 million tonnes of CO

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to climate change. The summary report does not specify domestic industry emissions abroad. E.g.

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VTT:llä yhteys turvelobbareihin, Energiaselvityksen luotettavuudesta syntyi kohu HS 9.9.2010 A5

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Renewable energy sources and peat", the Ministry of Trade and Industry KTM 10.3.2006 (Finnish)

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emissions annually. Digging ditches in forest lands in Finland results in 7 million tons of CO

784: 359: 134: 126: 86: 54: 2167: 3937: 3890: 3858: 3764: 3729: 3375: 2904: 2694: 2652: 942: 871: 847: 728:. Peatland drainage destroys the habitat of many species, and heavily fuels climate change. 3086: 2833: 3829: 3824: 3769: 3678: 3637: 3163: 2699: 2682: 2352: 2315: 2128: 1788: 828: 787:

and research ethics. After this conflict came public VTT wrote new directions following: "

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equivalent). Emissions from agriculture grew by one per cent (or 0.04 million tonnes of CO

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Other coal: coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, coal tar and other non-specified coal

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50 GWh warming 50 GWh electricity 40 MW capacity (achieved 1995-2001 2 GWh 1 GWh 1,5 MW)

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2001/77/EU, which also promoted the use of renewable energy for electricity production.

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Peatlands are the main carbon storage and their protection is one of the main issues in

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Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022).

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VTT:n johtaja puolustaa jäsenyyttään turveyhdistyksessä, HS 10.9.2010 A5 Piia Elonen

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Peatlands are Quick and Cost-Effective Measure to reduce 10% of greenhouse emissions

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Greenhouse gas emissions of construction were not taxed in Finland in January 2020.

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has aimed to tax building in forests, but no tariff was in place in August 2019.

995:. Aviation emissions are 4 million tons multiplied with 2 gives 8 million tons CO 3809: 3380: 3340: 2498:"Upm and the Uruguayan Government Confirmed Investment in a New Cellulose Plant" 1964: 1947:

vehicle €900, VAT vehicle reparation €800 and tax insurances €400. Methane and

1572: 764:. The Finnish subsidies for peat in 2007-2010 undermined the goal of reducing CO 718: 2683:"Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic" 2657: 2632: 2412:

Turpeen päästöjä vähennettävä, Helsingin Sanomat 29.4.2019 A5; Ilkka Savolainen

640:: more than from transportation and almost 1.5 times transportation emissions. 3370: 3323: 2908: 1876: 1870: 1760: 1043: 780: 691: 2916: 3953: 3218:

Lentomatkustajien määrä kasvoi Suomessa, mutta aiempia vuosia maltillisemmin

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Greenhouse gas emissions in the Helsinki region in 2017 were 5 million tn CO

2666: 2143:"Finland to be carbon neutral by 2035. One of the fastest targets ever set" 3196:

Kaikki eivät voi saada halpaa HSL:n lippua helsingin Sanomat 29.4.2019 A19

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Ilmastonmuutos ja lajikato voidaan ratkaista Helsingin Sanomat 30.11.2018

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10K marchers in Helsinki call for decisive climate action from next govt

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Greenpeace to Finland’s energy giant Fortum: “Walk the talk on climate”

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and natural gas and oil systems. A majority of the remainder comes from

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Nationally determined contributions European Union. Updated submission

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Population growth in the biggest Finnish cities from 1990 to 2017 was:

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Heikki Simola Finnish Association of Nature Conservation November 2017

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Carbon dioxide emissions broken down by Finland's industrial sectors.

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in 2010. This objective equals maximum emission levels of 12.16 Mtn CO

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https://www.hs.fi/paivanlehti/15112017/art-2000005448866.html?ref=rss

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wind power policy concerned of the negative influence of wind power.

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Finnish survey: 99% say action must be taken to stop climate change

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Police end protest at German coal plant site, activists plan repeat

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dioxide 37 million tonnes annually compared to 12 million tonnes CO

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Emissions, impacts and responses of Finland related to clime change

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Autumn storm Eino blows in, plunges over 200,000 homes in darkness

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has far reaching impacts on the natural environment and people of

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UN climate change deal must have legally binding targets, says EU

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Alarming loss of soil carbon in the Boreal forest zone in Finland

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Renewables of electricity +8,35 TWh (achieved 1995-2001: 3,1 TWh)

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Renewables of primary energy +36 TWh (achieved 1995-2001: 17 TWh)

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Citizens' initiative to aviation tax was made in February 2020.

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Anneli Kamb and Jörgen Larsson Chalmers Göteborg, February 2019

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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 2014 (20 November 2014).

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Sähköttä oli tiistaina pahimmillaan arviolta yli 300 000 kotia

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HS Kesän 2010 rajuilmat saivat Suomen sekaisin HS 28.9.2011 A8

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Fossil traffic fuels: motor petrol, diesel and aviation petrol

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Greenhouse gas emissions. Note More detailed data in Finnish

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is mainly based on bioenergy from the forests and water power

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Sweden was permitted lower emission decline targets based on

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Energy Statistics 2007: Table 2.4.1 Consumption of Hard Coal

914:(2016). Finnish traffic warming emissions (million tonnes CO 383:

have been published annually in April by Statistics Finland.

114:). Emissions from transport rose by 1.5 million tonnes of CO 1654:

January 2020 Finland had the mildest winter in 100 years.

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Scientists should prevent all criticism of the content of

2633:"Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading" 2619:

Finnish climate heating up, says meteorological institute

2272: 3052:"Finland's National Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2022" 2434:

Liitetaulukko 3. Hiilidioksidipäästöt Suomessa 1990–2010

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asked a leader of the multinational oil and gas company

2547:

Fortum/Uniper among Europe's worst polluters, say NGOs

2065:

Which nations are most responsible for climate change?

1867:

Bioelectricity +6,2 TWh (achieved 1995–2001: 2,8 TWh)

959:

suggested in December 2014 that the EU should fund a

2297:

Climate footprint from Swedish residents’ air travel

1791:

is a legally international agreement adopted at the

4541: 4520: 4479: 4381: 4238: 4162: 4014: 3790: 3711: 3619: 3521: 3406: 3304: 1879:+1.1 TWh (494 MW) (achieved 1995-2001 59 GWh 32 MW) 1815:, Finland is bound by EU directives, including the 1693:Climate change is bringing new southern species to 775:The director of the state-owned research institute 636:

in the Helsinki Region in 2017 were 2 million tn CO

2631:Hausfather, Zeke; Peters, Glen (29 January 2020). 2534:Kiusallinen ostos Suomen Kuvalehti 48/2019 page 14 963:in Finland. However, neglected initiatives in the 807:use of peat as energy created 8 million tons of CO 3122:climate Action Summit New York, 23 September 2019 2107:Finland far behind climate goals, think tank says 368:Oil: Heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and other oil 2785:Finland experiencing mildest winter in 100 years 2346:Energy Policies of IEA Countries – ¨Finland 2007 2232:Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority 2168:"Finland will achieve carbon neutrality by 2035" 1900:Finland implemented the National Climate Change 2947:United Nations, United Nations Climate Change. 2897:Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 2845:Officials warn heat could cause health problems 2487:Uusi lehmä Suomen kuvalehti 24/2019 sivut 26-31 1783:Climate change in Europe § Paris Agreement 2060: 2058: 768:emissions and counteracted the European Union 3969: 3278: 1924:In 2019 Finland's government is committed to 1821:2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference 969:2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference 853:2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine 793:publications publicly after the publications. 125:Approximately 60% of Finland's anthropogenic 8: 1896:National Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2022 3071:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 991:total warming emissions 6,5 million tons CO 73:, changes in taxation and more sustainable 3976: 3962: 3954: 3717: 3625: 3527: 3412: 3285: 3271: 3263: 2687:Annual Review of Environment and Resources 1234:Manufacturing industries and construction 3087:"National Climate Change Adaptation Plan" 2698: 2656: 2218: 2216: 1129:Emissions and removals, million tonnes CO 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2253:Pääkaupunkiseudun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt 1644:the most intense climate change scenario 1094: 393:Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuels: Coal 392: 389: 154: 151: 2871:Åland Islands yield rare insect species 2084:"Statistics Finland - Greenhouse gases" 2054: 1819:and the EU goal established during the 1330:Industrial processes and products used 902:from the top year emission 13.36 Mtn CO 87:Energy in Finland § Climate change 3064: 2732:from the original on 20 September 2023 1362:Industrial processes (excl. F-gases ) 732:is the most harmful energy source for 614: 353: 61:and peat for its energy, but plans to 3187:Statistical Finland, Number of people 2998:"Nationally Determined Contributions" 2700:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 2542: 2540: 2422:Finland and Russia deepen energy ties 2194:"Global Methane Initiative - Finland" 1943:set goal to coal free Espoo in 2030. 967:climate change challenge and ongoing 36:Representative Concentration Pathways 7: 4579: 3028:. 2020-12-17. Retrieved 12 May 2021. 2762:Climate in Finland has become warmer 2122:Europe's Great Coal Collapse of 2019 2117: 2115: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2043:Plug-in electric vehicles in Finland 1873:+1 TWh (achieved 1995–2010, 23 TWh) 355:Coal: Hard coal, other coal and peat 1864:+33 TWh (achieved 1995-2001 16 TWh) 1797:Nationally Determined Contributions 18:Greenhouse gas emissions by Finland 2806:Storm on St Stephen's Day was rare 2424:Financial Times December 2, 2014, 2038:Regional effects of global warming 1891:1 TWh (achieved 1995-2001 250 GWh) 1586:Impacts on the natural environment 1055:Partly state-owned energy company 155:Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuels 25: 3157:Valtion verotulot tieliikenteestä 3110:vähentäminen laahaa Uudellamaalla 2773:July heat shatters Finnish record 2744:The Australian Academy of Science 2358:26.3.2008, pages 9, 71, 80 and 83 49:. Finland was among the top five 4589: 4578: 4568: 4567: 2810:Finnish Meteorological Institute 2718:Phiddian, Ellen (5 April 2022). 2466:Ilmassa Suomen Kuvalehti 12/2018 2243:Helsingin Sanomat 23.10.2018 B10 1635: 1618: 1609:Finnish Meteorological Institute 1138:Emissions without LULUCF sector 4621:Environmental issues in Finland 1591:Temperature and weather changes 1067:Finland's biggest energy firm, 366:, and other non-specified coal 3393:History of independent Finland 2263:Helsingin Sanomat 8.8.2018 A17 961:liquefied natural gas terminal 721:emissions in Finland in 2006. 1: 3091:Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö 2583:Electricity Supply and Demand 2172:Sustainable Development Goals 1628:map for Finland for 1980–2016 1626:Köppen climate classification 1042:. The plant will use planted 3208:Helsingin Sanomat 21.10.2019 3166:Autoalan tiedotuskeskus 2019 2141:Darby, Megan (3 June 2019). 3147:Coal-free Finland 18.9.2017 2720:"Explainer: IPCC Scenarios" 1827:. Despite this, the use of 1765:Renewable energy in Finland 1026:reduction of cows by 2035. 609: 606: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 310: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 218: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 195: 57:by 2035. Finland relies on 4642: 3648:Government-owned companies 3319:Finland under Swedish rule 2658:10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 1780: 671: 588: 562: 536: 510: 484: 458: 432: 330: 307: 284: 261: 238: 215: 192: 84: 4626:Climate change by country 4616:Climate change in Finland 4562: 3992: 3908: 3720: 3659:National income agreement 3628: 3530: 3415: 3351:Golden Age of Finnish Art 2909:10.1080/15022250802553696 2834:Summer heatwave continues 2198:Global Methane Initiative 1907:climate change adaptation 1756:Mitigation and adaptation 1603:in Finland, 1901 to 2020. 1128: 1097: 1059:will have a 70% share of 726:climate change mitigation 402: 399: 165:% of fossil fuels total 164: 161: 133:e—come from agriculture ( 3995:Greenhouse gas emissions 3535:Administrative divisions 3040:The Guardian 27.11. 2014 1772:Policies and legislation 770:emissions trading scheme 381:Greenhouse gas emissions 81:Greenhouse gas emissions 3366:Finland in World War II 3356:Independence of Finland 2275:YLE 11.2.2020 klo 19.01 1949:liquefied petroleum gas 1807:Climate change strategy 1394:Consumption of F-gases 1034:Finnish forest company 910:(2014) and 11.56 Mtn CO 833:nuclear power phase-out 377:: black liquor and wood 4549:Small island countries 2748:Climate Action Tracker 2067:Guardian 21 April 2011 2021: 2014:People's Climate March 1971:from traffic in 2017. 1932:soon after that. Each 1928:by 2035 and to become 1768: 1658:Extreme weather events 1604: 717:and peat 39% of total 694:in Finland to replace 674:Peat energy in Finland 69:, more investments in 39: 2949:"The Paris Agreement" 2011: 1975:Public transportation 1934:Parliament of Finland 1763: 1598: 965:fossil-fuel phase-out 739:In conflict with the 139:municipal solid waste 33: 3896:World Heritage Sites 3185:Tilastokeskus Väestö 2561:Greenpeace24/10/2019 2131:Sandbag UK 18.9.2019 1960:Carbon sequestration 1955:Carbon sequestration 1680:2013 European floods 1642:2071–2100 map under 1003:Industrial emissions 143:enteric fermentation 3112:yle 6 February 2014 2858:yle 17.11.2013 and 2649:2020Natur.577..618H 2004:Society and culture 1811:As a member of the 1601:temperature anomaly 1088:Emissions by sector 857:2014 Crimean crisis 819:emission annually. 403:% of fossil total 67:nature conservation 3689:Telecommunications 3329:Great Northern War 3162:2018-05-25 at the 3135:YLE News 24.9.2019 2573:Reuters FEB2, 2020 2351:2017-12-25 at the 2314:2009-04-17 at the 2127:2019-09-20 at the 2022: 1769: 1605: 1571:of Prime Minister 1202:Energy industries 1030:Cellulose industry 805:Statistics Finland 698:. This was due to 663:Energy consumption 648:'s acquisition of 358:Other coal: coke, 40: 4603: 4602: 4584:Wikimedia Commons 4225:the United States 3951: 3950: 3904: 3903: 3707: 3706: 3615: 3614: 3597:Political parties 3550:Foreign relations 3517: 3516: 2318:, UNEP 11.12.2007 2147:Climate Home News 2082:Pipatti, Riitta. 1926:carbon neutrality 1920:Carbon neutrality 1728:Impact on housing 1705:Impacts on people 1557: 1556: 1458:Waste management 951:Royal Dutch Shell 785:freedom of speech 700:Sipilä government 621: 620: 617: 388: 387: 362:, coke oven gas, 360:blast furnace gas 135:manure management 127:methane emissions 16:(Redirected from 4633: 4593: 4582: 4581: 4571: 4570: 4497:Marshall Islands 3978: 3971: 3964: 3955: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3879:Independence Day 3869:National symbols 3718: 3626: 3528: 3420:Cities and towns 3413: 3398:Military history 3376:Continuation War 3287: 3280: 3273: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3154: 3148: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3070: 3062: 3056: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2892: 2877: 2868: 2862: 2853: 2847: 2842: 2836: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2739: 2737: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2660: 2643:(7792): 618–20. 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2453: 2447: 2445:Search emissions 2442: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2319: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2220: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2190: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2174:. United Nations 2164: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2138: 2132: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2079: 2068: 2062: 1710:Economic impacts 1672:St Stephen's Day 1639: 1622: 1095: 1025: 1024: 1020: 943:Katainen Cabinet 848:renewable energy 615: 390: 152: 21: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4599: 4558: 4537: 4516: 4507:Solomon Islands 4475: 4436:the Netherlands 4377: 4343:the Philippines 4234: 4158: 4010: 4009:in each country 3988: 3982: 3952: 3947: 3934: 3927: 3920: 3913: 3900: 3874:Public holidays 3786: 3703: 3611: 3575:Law enforcement 3513: 3402: 3334:The Great Wrath 3300: 3291: 3261: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3164:Wayback Machine 3155: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3095: 3093: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3063: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3020: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2973:"NDC spotlight" 2971: 2970: 2966: 2957: 2955: 2946: 2945: 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1777:Paris agreement 1774: 1758: 1730: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1691: 1670:hit Finland on 1660: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1640: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1599:Average annual 1593: 1588: 1562: 1493: 1132: 1090: 1053: 1051:Energy industry 1032: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1010: 1005: 998: 994: 986: 979:Aviation using 977: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 829:Kyoto agreement 825: 818: 814: 810: 767: 709:emissions from 708: 684: 678:Coal in Finland 670: 665: 639: 631: 626: 384: 378: 373: 371: 369: 367: 356: 132: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 99: 94: 89: 83: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4639: 4637: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4608: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4586: 4575: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4471:United Kingdom 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4387: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4370: 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exchange 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3609: 3607:Prime Minister 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3474: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3457: 3452: 3450:National parks 3447: 3445:Municipalities 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3425:Extreme points 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3388:Finlandization 3385: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3310: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3282: 3275: 3267: 3259: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3189: 3177: 3168: 3149: 3137: 3125: 3114: 3102: 3078: 3042: 3030: 3014: 2989: 2964: 2939: 2930: 2903:(4): 317–332. 2878: 2863: 2848: 2837: 2826: 2814: 2798: 2789: 2787:YLE 16.1.2020 2777: 2765: 2754: 2710: 2672: 2623: 2611: 2599: 2590: 2575: 2563: 2551: 2536: 2527: 2515: 2489: 2480: 2468: 2459: 2448: 2437: 2426: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2265: 2256: 2245: 2236: 2224: 2212: 2203: 2185: 2159: 2133: 2111: 2109:YLE 22.1.2020 2099: 2069: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2033: 2030: 2026:climate change 2005: 2002: 1997: 1994: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1956: 1953: 1921: 1918: 1912:The region of 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1825:global warming 1817:Kyoto protocol 1808: 1805: 1801:European Union 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1757: 1754: 1729: 1726: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1690: 1687: 1659: 1656: 1641: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1624: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1526:LULUCF sector 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 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energy 821: 816: 812: 808: 765: 734:global warming 706: 688:phase-out coal 682:Coal in Europe 669: 666: 664: 661: 637: 629: 625: 622: 619: 618: 612: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 586: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 560: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 538: 534: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 508: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 482: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 456: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 430: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 404: 401: 398: 395: 394: 386: 385: 354: 351: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 328: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 305: 304: 301: 298: 295: 292: 289: 286: 282: 281: 278: 275: 272: 269: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 236: 235: 232: 229: 226: 223: 220: 217: 213: 212: 209: 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 190: 189: 186: 183: 180: 177: 174: 171: 167: 166: 163: 160: 157: 156: 130: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 98: 95: 93: 90: 82: 79: 63:phase out coal 55:carbon neutral 51:greenhouse gas 43:Climate change 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4638: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542:Other regions 4540: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521:Polar regions 4519: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 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tonnes, 866:29 tonnes, 719:fossil fuel 428:Coal total 422:Coal total 416:Other coal 400:mil. t CO2 370:Natural gas 162:mil. t CO2 129:—3.17 MMTCO 4610:Categories 4595:Wiktionary 4533:the Arctic 4528:Antarctica 4308:Kyrgyzstan 4258:Bangladesh 4253:Azerbaijan 4094:Mozambique 4079:Madagascar 4054:the Gambia 4007:adaptation 4003:mitigation 3987:by country 3840:Literature 3755:Healthcare 3592:Parliament 3555:Government 3371:Winter War 3324:Cudgel War 3314:Prehistory 3096:2018-05-03 2958:2021-05-10 2953:unfccc.int 2876:29.11.2012 2812:28.12.2011 2588:19.11.2019 2093:2018-04-12 2049:References 1902:Adaptation 1889:Heat pumps 1877:Wind power 1871:Hydropower 1781:See also: 1689:Ecosystems 1494:emissions 1266:Transport 1044:eucalyptus 781:carbon tax 692:wind power 672:See also: 413:Hard coal 85:See also: 38:scenarios. 4487:Australia 4353:Sri Lanka 4278:Indonesia 4215:Nicaragua 4200:Guatemala 4190:Greenland 4170:Argentina 3864:Mythology 3760:Languages 3745:Education 3699:Transport 3602:President 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