519:
Europe the nests are often made in holes in manmade structures. The clutch consists of 3–6 speckled eggs and multiple broods may be raised with declining numbers in the clutch in subsequent broods. The usual clutch size is five in
Ireland and the breeding success is about 80% with predation of eggs or chicks being the main cause of breeding failure. The Canary Islands population typically have smaller clutches and the breeding season is not as short and well marked as in populations at higher latitudes. The incubation period is about two weeks with chicks fledging within a fortnight. They live for a maximum of 8 years in the wild.
218:
432:
511:
97:
523:
31:
72:
443:
462:
This slim wagtail has a narrow white supercilium and a broken eye ring. The upperparts are grey and the yellow vent contrasting with whitish underparts makes it distinctive. The breeding male has a black throat that is edged by whitish moustachial stripes. They forage singly or in pairs on meadows or
302:
and migrating to tropical regions in Asia and Africa. The species is always associated with running water when breeding, although they may use man-made structures near streams for the nest. Outside the breeding season, they may also be seen around lakes, coasts and other watery habitats. Like other
518:
The breeding season is April to July and the nest is placed near fast running streams or rivers on an embankment between stones and roots. The male in display, makes short flights up into the air and descends slowly with fluttering flight accompanied by a rapid series of chipping high notes. In
479:, which is not well separated from the nominate subspecies, is described as the population breeding in eastern Europe and central Asia mainly along the mountain chains of the Urals, Tien Shan and along the Himalayas. They winter in Africa and Asia. Race
446:
450:
449:
445:
444:
451:
448:
386:
data are not able to robustly resolve their relationships. While the present species is probably most closely related to citrine wagtails and some blue-headed wagtails, the exact nature of this relationship is unclear.
46:
544:
These birds feed on a variety of aquatic invertebrates including adult flies, mayflies, beetles, crustacea and molluscs. They often forage along roadsides in winter, flushing with a sharp
447:
1614:
47:
1666:
1772:
927:
1356:
463:
on shallow water marshes. They also use rocks in water and will often perch on trees. They have a clear sharp call note and the song consists of trills.
1812:
1588:
1627:
551:
In winter, they roost in small groups. Wintering birds have been known to return to the same sites, sometimes a small urban garden, each year.
709:
1782:
483:
breeds along the northeastern parts of Asia in
Siberia extending to Korea and Japan. These winter in Southeast Asia. Island forms include
1536:
410:
1113:
Nickell, Walter P (1968). "Return of
Northern Migrants to Tropical Winter Quarters and Banded Birds Recovered in the United States".
701:
1236:
1807:
1731:
502:
They sometimes occur on the islands to the West of Alaska but have been known to occur further south in
California as a vagrant.
475:
of Iran, Turkey and the
Caucasus) is from western Europe including the British Isles, Scandinavia and Mediterranean region. Race
303:
wagtails, they frequently wag their tail and fly low with undulations and they have a sharp call that is often given in flight.
1549:
291:
471:
The bird is widely distributed across the
Palearctic region with several well marked populations. The nominate form (includes
1632:
1300:
695:
1797:
1653:
1484:
880:
Klemp S. (2000). "Effects of parental effort on second brood, moult and survival in the Grey
Wagtail Motacilla cinerea".
1787:
1414:
1723:
1461:
1425:
1154:
Spirochetes, Based on Data from Ticks
Collected from Birds during the Postbreeding Migration Period in Central Europe"
1567:
766:
548:
call and flying up further along the road but after some distance turning back to return to the original location.
96:
1671:
952:
899:
Smiddy, P.; O'Halloran, J. (1998). "Breeding biology of the Grey
Wagtail Motacilla cinerea in southwest Ireland".
1802:
1792:
1580:
743:
726:
1035:
298:. Breeding males have a black throat. The species is widely distributed, with several populations breeding in
217:
431:
999:
Jørgensen OH (1976). "Migration and
Aspects of Population Dynamics in the Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea".
1448:
1367:
1430:
1405:
1299:
Costantini, David; Casagrande, Stefania; Di Lieto, Giuseppe; Fanfani, Alberto; Dell'Omo, Giacomo (2005).
1705:
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191:
624:
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1523:
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362:
510:
61:
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1016:
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320:
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91:
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1191:
705:
522:
1697:
1315:
1259:
1181:
1173:
1122:
1061:
1008:
942:
928:"Breeding biology of Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea canariensis on Tenerife, Canary Islands"
908:
770:
738:
727:"Systematics and historical biogeography of wagtails: Dispersal versus vicariance revisited"
619:
577:
527:
1718:
1453:
290:, measuring around 18–19 cm overall length. The species looks somewhat similar to the
30:
1679:
1148:
Dubska, Lenka; Ivan Literak; Elena Kocianova; Veronika Taragelova; Oldrich Sychra (2009).
422:, 1771 – west Europe, Canary Islands and northwest Africa to central, east, northeast Asia
379:
1275:
601:
1169:
835:
1575:
1562:
1186:
1149:
556:
401:
1211:"Isospora, Caryospora and Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Passeriform Birds from Czech Republic"
1062:"The Grey Wagtall (Motacilla cinerea) diet in the Ulla river basin, Galicia. NW Spain"
1766:
1640:
1489:
977:
673:
610:
573:
312:
81:
76:
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647:
566:
and thus can potentially disperse Lyme disease over a wide region. Coccidia such as
1749:
1502:
383:
369:
287:
158:
1554:
1357:
Ageing and sexing (PDF; 0.97 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1476:
1301:"Consistent differences in feeding habits between neighbouring breeding kestrels"
45:
1658:
1601:
1399:
1323:
1087:
1319:
354:
The relationships of this species are not well resolved; it belongs to the non-
1744:
912:
774:
391:
299:
1390:
537:
nests in the same habitats as the grey wagtail and there are some records of
775:"Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits"
148:
108:
1541:
1347:
1195:
1384:
1263:
1177:
947:
568:
562:
339:, "to move about", from medieval times it led to the misunderstanding of
128:
1440:
1684:
1593:
1134:
1020:
581:
492:
283:
168:
1606:
355:
295:
118:
1361:
1126:
1012:
1515:
1510:
521:
509:
456:
441:
430:
366:
358:
332:
1528:
978:"BirdFacts: profiles of birds occurring in Britain & Ireland"
294:
but has the yellow on its underside restricted to the throat and
138:
1365:
684:
A photo-lithographic reproduction of the original publication.
335:
name for the pied wagtail; although actually a diminutive of
807:. Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions. p. 317.
744:
10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0725:SAHBOW]2.0.CO;2
1150:"Differential Role of Passerine Birds in Distribution of
38:
During winter migration at Fulzar Dam, Jamnagar, Gujarat
841:(15th ed.). University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 2009
867:
Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 9
700:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp.
1374:
361:of wagtails, these are confusing in their external
1092:(Gmelin)] in the Thekkady Wild Life Sanctuary"
625:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22718392A111215843.en
805:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2
8:
821:The nests and eggs of Indian Birds. Volume 2
697:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
652:Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club
1362:
682:(in Latin). London: J. Akerman. p. 2.
216:
70:
43:
29:
20:
1185:
946:
742:
623:
1343:Grey wagtail videos, photos & sounds
1036:"Dipper Nestlings Fed by a Gray Wagtail"
592:
1235:Adamík P.; Hušek J.; Cepák J. (2009).
1158:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
860:
858:
856:
798:
796:
781:. International Ornithologists' Union
648:"The valid name for the Grey Wagtail"
7:
1581:3e2050a1-256f-49f5-a678-ff0efebb23b2
541:of dipper chicks by adult wagtails.
1773:IUCN Red List least concern species
1088:"Roosting of the Grey Wagtail [
926:Rodríguez B.; Rodríguez A. (2007).
803:Rasmussen PC; Anderton, JC (2005).
611:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
572:sp. are known in this species. The
554:Adults often have parasitic ticks,
824:. R H Porter, London. p. 207.
679:Tunstall's Ornithologia britannica
14:
1241:parasitism in Red-backed Shrikes
1034:Yoerg, SI; O'Halloran, J (1991).
869:(2nd ed.). pp. 290–292.
1813:Taxa named by Marmaduke Tunstall
1237:"Rapid decline of Common Cuckoo
779:IOC World Bird List Version 11.1
646:Schodde, R.; Bock, W.J. (2008).
95:
600:BirdLife International (2017).
533:In some parts of its range the
1:
1431:Motacilla_(Calobates)_cinerea
347:is Latin for "ash-grey" from
865:Ali, S; Ripley, S D (1998).
584:may sometimes prey on them.
1783:Birds of the Canary Islands
1060:Santamarina, Jesus (1989).
836:"Checklist of Alaska birds"
1829:
1320:10.1163/156853905774539409
694:Jobling, James A. (2010).
245: Extant, non-breeding
913:10.1080/00063659809461104
618:: e.T22718392A111215843.
257:
250:
224:
215:
197:
190:
92:Scientific classification
90:
68:
59:
54:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1096:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1086:Neelakantan, KK (1964).
467:Distribution and habitat
343:as "tail". The specific
323:in his 1771 publication
307:Taxonomy and systematics
1808:Birds described in 1771
976:Robinson, R.A. (2005).
773:, eds. (January 2021).
514:Nominate race (Belgium)
499:of the Canary Islands.
325:Ornithologia Britannica
239: Extant, resident
725:Voelker, Gary (2002).
530:
515:
459:
439:
233: Extant, breeding
1706:Paleobiology Database
1209:Svobodova, M (1994).
580:of this species, and
539:interspecific feeding
535:white-throated dipper
525:
513:
506:Behaviour and ecology
454:
434:
282:) is a member of the
1798:Birds of Macaronesia
1576:Fauna Europaea (new)
1264:10.5253/078.097.0103
1178:10.1128/AEM.01674-08
948:10.3161/068.042.0203
560:, which can harbour
315:of the grey wagtail
1788:Birds of the Azores
1314:(9–10): 1403–1415.
1218:Acta Protozoologica
1170:2009ApEnM..75..596D
670:Tunstall, Marmaduke
62:Conservation status
1001:Ornis Scandinavica
769:; Donsker, David;
531:
516:
460:
440:
377:NADH dehydrogenase
321:Marmaduke Tunstall
319:was introduced by
264:Calobates melanope
260:Motacilla melanope
55:Gray wagtail call
1760:
1759:
1750:Motacilla-cinerea
1693:Open Tree of Life
1406:Motacilla cinerea
1376:Motacilla cinerea
1368:Taxon identifiers
1090:Motacilla caspica
818:Hume, AO (1890).
771:Rasmussen, Pamela
711:978-1-4081-2501-4
604:Motacilla cinerea
526:Eggs, Collection
452:
317:Motacilla cinerea
279:Motacilla cinerea
270:
269:
201:Motacilla cinerea
85:
48:
1820:
1803:Birds of Eurasia
1793:Birds of Madeira
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1659:NHMSYS0000530494
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1322:. Archived from
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1274:. Archived from
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528:Museum Wiesbaden
455:Grey wagtail in
453:
413:, 1900 – Madeira
394:are recognised:
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1680:Observation.org
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1243:Lanius collurio
1239:Cuculus canorus
1234:
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1127:10.2307/4511469
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576:is sometimes a
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487:of the Azores,
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404:, 1957 – Azores
399:M. c. patriciae
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183:M. cinerea
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1563:Fauna Europaea
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1348:Grey wagtail (
1345:
1338:
1337:External links
1335:
1333:
1332:
1329:on 2007-07-10.
1291:
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1164:(3): 596–602.
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1121:(2): 107–116.
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1071:(in Spanish).
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980:. BTO Research
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941:(2): 195–199.
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907:(3): 331–336.
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737:(4): 725–739.
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674:Newton, Alfred
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578:brood parasite
557:Ixodes ricinus
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437:M. c. melanope
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408:M. c. schmitzi
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1102:(3): 691–692.
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1049:(2): 427–429.
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958:on 2016-03-04
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77:Least Concern
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27:
24:Grey wagtail
22:
19:
1375:
1349:
1324:the original
1311:
1307:
1294:
1283:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1258:(1): 17–22.
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1115:Bird-Banding
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1075:(1): 97–101.
1072:
1068:
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1007:(1): 13–20.
1004:
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982:. Retrieved
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288:Motacillidae
278:
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274:grey wagtail
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182:
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169:
159:Motacillidae
18:
1602:iNaturalist
1400:Wikispecies
888:(1): 91–98.
767:Gill, Frank
631:19 November
497:canariensis
427:Description
370:cytochrome
351:, "ashes".
300:Eurosiberia
1767:Categories
1745:Xeno-canto
1285:2013-03-29
1224:: 101–108.
984:28 October
962:2009-10-28
901:Bird Study
845:30 October
588:References
392:subspecies
363:morphology
227:M. cinerea
1778:Motacilla
1308:Behaviour
672:(1880) .
546:chi-cheep
485:patriciae
329:Motacilla
225:Range of
177:Species:
170:Motacilla
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
1646:22718392
1620:11353543
1529:16990687
1490:bob10190
1454:22718392
1449:BirdLife
1438:BioLib:
1385:Wikidata
1350:schmitzi
1272:86228074
1196:19060160
1152:Borrelia
753:85844839
582:kestrels
569:Isospora
563:Borrelia
489:schmitzi
477:melanope
420:Tunstall
384:sequence
286:family,
252:Synonyms
208:Tunstall
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
1594:2490310
1391:Q201316
1187:2632145
1166:Bibcode
1135:4511469
1069:Ardeola
1021:3676170
704:, 261.
676:(ed.).
493:Madeira
481:robusta
473:caspica
411:Tschusi
380:subunit
356:African
345:cinerea
331:is the
284:wagtail
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
1737:558560
1711:369352
1698:489154
1633:178480
1550:EURING
1516:grywag
1477:grywag
1419:grawag
1270:
1194:
1184:
1133:
1019:
785:3 June
751:
731:Condor
708:
402:Vaurie
390:Three
365:, and
337:motare
243:
237:
231:
210:, 1771
1732:WoRMS
1724:10974
1672:56325
1615:IRMNG
1607:13688
1568:97426
1555:10190
1537:EUNIS
1511:eBird
1503:44G9B
1474:BOW:
1467:68511
1327:(PDF)
1304:(PDF)
1279:(PDF)
1268:S2CID
1252:Ardea
1248:(PDF)
1214:(PDF)
1131:JSTOR
1065:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
1017:JSTOR
956:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
882:Ardea
839:(PDF)
749:S2CID
457:Japan
435:Male
367:mtDNA
359:clade
349:cinis
341:cilla
333:Latin
1667:NCBI
1641:IUCN
1628:ITIS
1589:GBIF
1542:1150
1462:BOLD
1441:8849
1192:PMID
986:2009
847:2009
787:2021
706:ISBN
633:2021
616:2017
495:and
375:and
311:The
296:vent
272:The
139:Aves
1719:TSA
1685:756
1654:NBN
1524:EoL
1498:CoL
1485:BTO
1426:AFD
1415:ABA
1316:doi
1312:142
1260:doi
1182:PMC
1174:doi
1123:doi
1047:108
1043:Auk
1009:doi
943:doi
909:doi
739:doi
735:104
702:107
656:128
620:doi
491:of
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