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423:, meaning that most of them only marry fellow griots, and pass on the storytelling tradition down the family line. In the past, a family of griots would accompany a family of kings or emperors, who were superior in status to the griots. All kings had griots, and all griots had kings, and most villages also had their own griot. A village griot would relate stories of topics including births, deaths, marriages, battles, hunts, affairs, and other life events.
48:
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term that has come under increasing attack as a distortion of the social structure in the region. In the worst case, that difference meant burial for griots in trees rather than in the ground in order to avoid polluting the earth (Conrad and Frank 1995:4-7). Although these traditions are changing, griots and people of griot heritage still find it difficult to marry outside of their social group." This discrimination is now deemed illegal.
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The West
African griot is a troubadour, the counterpart of the medieval European minstrel... The griot knows everything that is going on... He is a living archive of the people's traditions... The virtuoso talents of the griots command universal admiration. This virtuosity is the culmination of long
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BBK: I am more comfortable with the word "djali" because it has a connotation of rebellion. The word "djali" may be referring to a court, but it is also the voice of the people and of the past. But I think there is a difference between, on the one hand, the griot who glorifies the court,... and the
205:
Instead of writing history books, oral historians tell stories of the past that they have memorized. Sometimes there are families of historians, and the oral histories are passed down from one generation to the next. Telling a story out loud allows the speaker to use poetic and musical conventions
583:
Despite the authority of griots and the perceived power of their songs, griots are not treated as positively in West Africa as may be assumed. Thomas A. Hale wrote, "Another is an ancient tradition that marks them as a separate people categorized all too simplistically as members of a 'caste', a
1482:
So the word, Griot, the poet, musician, historian, story teller, is getting known all over the world. Though "French" as transmitted "symbol", it is the best known for the W. African Djali (or Djeli, but Djeli ya, also means the Djali's act, his "getting down" to take us up and
430:, with the narrative accompanied by a musical instrument. They are an essential part of many West African events such as weddings, where they sing and share family history of the bride and groom. It is also their role to settle disputes and act as
36:
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was a historian, advisor, arbitrator, praise singer (patronage), and storyteller. They essentially served as history books, preserving ancient stories and traditions through song. Their tradition was passed down through generations. The name
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years of study and hard work under the tuition of a teacher who is often a father or uncle. The profession is by no means a male prerogative. There are many women griots whose talents as singers and musicians are equally remarkable.
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was a descendant and critic of the griot tradition. Though Diabaté argued that griots "no longer exist" in the classic sense, he believed the tradition could be salvaged through literature. His fiction and plays blend traditional
709:
852:
If you are griot, you have to flow your history and your family, because we have such a long history. You have to be traditional and share your culture. Any country you go to, you share your family with
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MN: With a relative success, the word "djali" is replacing the word "griot", which is a French "Africanism". But wouldn't you say that the misnomer "griot" traditionally designates a keeper of history?
689:
812:
Today, performing is one of the most common functions of a griot. Their range of exposure has widened, and many griots now travel internationally to sing and play the kora or other instruments.
434:
in case of conflicts. Respect for and familiarity with the griot meant that they could approach both parties without being attacked, and initiate peace negotiations between the hostile parties.
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Arabs, and many other smaller groups. There are other griots who have left their home country for another such as the United States or France and still maintain their role as a griot.
2112:
1854:
580:. They were believed to have deep connections to spiritual, social, or political powers. Speech was believed to have power in its capacity to recreate history and relationships.
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singer interested in history and memory. Today you can pay a griot to sing your praise; you can make him say whatever you want. But one cannot pay the djali.
592:
In addition to being singers and social commentators, griots are often skilled instrumentalists. Their instruments include stringed instruments like the
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2409:
2024:
2098:
848:'s Student African Drum Ensemble. His own band is titled the Super Ngewel Emsemble. Concerning the goals of modern-day griot, Paco has stated:
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that entertain an audience. This has contributed to many oral histories surviving for hundreds of years without being written down.
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631:-like instrument with 21 strings. The xalam is a variation of the kora, and usually consists of fewer than five strings. Both have
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1989:
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1952:
249:", or the masculine singular term for "servant." Griots are more predominant in the northern portions of West Africa.
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from 1994 to 2003, was an internationally known advocate for the significance of the griot in West
African society.
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2046:
1682:"From the Griot of Roots to the Roots of Griot: A New Look at the Origins of a Controversial African Term for Bard"
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ancestry, is based in
Delaware and performs in the United States. Circa 2013, he performed in charity concerts for
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Griots also wrote stories that children enjoyed listening to. These stories were passed down to their children.
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Griots have the main responsibility for keeping stories of the individual tribes and families alive in the
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Guinea, circa 1905. Two griots accompany their lord, playing their instruments to announce his presence.
639:. The ngoni is also similar to these two instruments, with five or six strings. The balafon is a wooden
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tree in the Réserve de Bandia, Sénégal, forms a living mausoleum for the remains of famed local griots.
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2013:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora Martins Fontes/Fundo Educativo Brasileiro. pp. 105–106.
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Senegal, early 20th century. A Wolof leader and his griot. The griot is holding an xalam (lute).
1352:"Griot: Title given to a West African historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet and musician"
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1985:
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1855:"McDaniel College Announces Cultural Activities, Performances And Exhibitions For Spring 2023"
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family of griots accompanied a higher-ranked family of warrior-kings or emperors, called
2006:
1945:
Mande Music: Traditional and Modern Music of the
Maninka and Mandinka of Western Africa
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1497:"Do not sleep with bitterness: Excerpt from an interview with Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda"
1237:
1001:
815:
437:
389:
360:(meaning "musicianhood") sometimes refers to the knowledge of griots, indicating the
299:
1998:
Suso, Foday Musa, Philip Glass, Pharoah
Sanders, Matthew Kopka, Iris Brooks (1996).
672:(which was noted by Ibn Baṭṭūṭah in 1353) may have originated in ancient Egypt. The
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and is often seen as a leader due to their position as an advisor to members of the
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Today, the term and spelling "djali" is often preferred, as noted by
American poet
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1444:
Jablow, Alta (1984). "Gassire's Lute: A Reconstruction of
Soninke Bardic Art".
1936:
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Many griots today live in many parts of West Africa and are present among the
416:
217:. As a result of the former of these two functions, they are sometimes called
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528:, to advise him in his reign. Balla Fasséké is considered the founder of the
384:(blood). This is also the title given to griots in regions within the former
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is claimed to be the ancestor of the banjo. Another long-necked lute is the
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1566:(2). Cambridge University Press, International African Institute: 190–210.
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1948:
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388:. Though the term "griot" is more common in English, some, such as poet
1895:
Trade in the
Senegambia Region: From the 12th to the Early 20th Century
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1802:"McDaniel student African Drumming ensemble hosts first performance"
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In
African languages, griots are referred to by a number of names:
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616:(or n'ko in the Mandinka language). Other instruments include the
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482:), at its height in the middle of the 14th century, extended from
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Storyteller, singer, or musician of oral tradition in West Africa
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218:
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1828:"Silver Spring University Students Earn Academic Distinctions"
202:
historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet, and/or musician.
96:
2052:
1919:"Griots at War: Conflict, Conciliation, and Caste in Mande"
99:
2070:
1556:"The Livelihoods of Traditional Griots in Modern Senegal"
510:, whose exploits remain celebrated in Mali today. In the
90:
1971:
Griots at War: Conflict, Conciliation and Caste in Mande
643:, while the goje is a stringed instrument played with a
1617:"Storytelling traditions across the world: West Africa"
141:
1560:
1721:
Robotham, Donald; Kubik, Gerhard (27 January 2012).
543:. In traditional culture, no griot can be without a
93:
26:"Praise singer" redirects here. For other uses, see
2251:
2128:
87:
1745:"Dover Citywide Black History Month events on tap"
1475:"Reflections on Oral Traditions: from Griot/Djali"
1973:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
1883:(in French). Paris: Éditions Présence Africaine.
893:performing songs from the oral tradition of the
2009:; Davis, Curtis W. "Novas vozes para o homem".
1960:Griots and Griottes: Masters of Words and Music
1947:. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology; includes
1425:Griots and Griottes: Masters of Words and Music
446:
1331:(in French). No. 19. Kanjamadi. p. 7
1322:"Les Recherches linguistiques de l'école N'ko"
372:
352:
253:
153:
147:
130:
122:
2106:
8:
2000:Jali Kunda: Griots of West Africa and Beyond
1643:"Manny Ansar: A cultural Caravan for Peace"
1427:, Indiana University Press (1998), p. 176,
1407:. Regional Office for Education in Africa,
182:
174:
64:
2113:
2099:
2091:
1503:(Interview). Interviewed by Niang, Mamadou
1495:Bakupa-Kanyinda, Balufu (1 January 2003).
660:: "West African plucked lutes such as the
293:
1419:
1417:
1400:
1398:
46:
1312:
685:
555:can loan his griot to another jatigi.
1796:
1794:
1792:
551:can be without a griot. However, the
111:
7:
1320:Faya Ismael Tolno (September 2011).
1296:Sub-Saharan African music traditions
419:professionally specialised group or
373:
353:
254:
142:
2087:(the art of Jeli, or being a griot)
844:in Chicago. As of 2023, Paco leads
462:Griots of Sambala, king of Médina (
294:
2122:FESPACO Étalon de Yennenga winners
2037:The Maninka and Mandinka Jali/Jeli
1529:"Djali: Djelimakan Kanoute – Mali"
588:Musical instruments used by griots
14:
1281:The Griot Museum of Black History
2047:Keita: The Heritage of the Griot
1984:. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose.
1670:. Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books.
1244:
1230:
720:
708:
688:
330:. Some of these may derive from
158:in French spelling); also spelt
83:
2410:Culture of the African diaspora
1447:Research in African Literatures
2077:is African-American news from
28:Praise singer (disambiguation)
1:
1879:Diabaté, Massa Makan (1985).
1668:African Music, A People's Art
1666:Bebey, Francis (1969, 1975).
1007:Alhaji Dodou Nying Koliyandeh
818:, head of the Association of
506:). The empire was founded by
442:African Music, A People's Art
415:Historically, Griots form an
233:The word may derive from the
209:The griot is a repository of
2042:The Ancient Craft of Jaliyaa
1982:Les griots wolofs du Sénégal
1969:Hoffman, Barbara G. (2001).
1897:, Sunrise Publishers, 2004,
1695:(2): 249–278. Archived from
1554:Panzacchi, Cornelia (1994).
1953:University of Chicago Press
1917:Brown, Diana (March 2003).
1501:African Film Festival, Inc.
1350:Ho, Ro (15 November 2012).
2428:
2033:Catherine A. Salmons, 2004
627:The kora is a long-necked
494:) to West Africa (today's
440:writes about the griot in
25:
18:
1937:10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.192
1893:Sonko-Godwin, Patience,
1725:. Encyclopedia Britannica
1381:Bambara/Dioula Dictionary
532:that exists to this day.
265:in southern Mande areas,
261:in northern Mande areas,
229:Etymology and terminology
2185:Histoire d'une rencontre
2027:Catherine Lavender, 2000
1964:Indiana University Press
1962:. Bloomington, Indiana:
1958:Hale, Thomas A. (1998).
1943:Charry, Eric S. (2000).
1680:Hale, Thomas A. (1997).
703:(lute) behind two women.
403:and Congolese filmmaker
2324:The Mercy of the Jungle
1924:American Anthropologist
1832:Silver Spring, MD Patch
842:SOS Children's Villages
657:Encyclopædia Britannica
183:
175:
167:
154:
148:
131:
123:
2385:Culture of Ivory Coast
2332:The Gravedigger's Wife
2145:Les Mille et une mains
2060:8 January 2019 at the
2031:Balla Tounkara "Griot"
1881:L'assemblée des djinns
1473:Baraka, Amiri (1996).
913:
901:
855:
830:Pape Demba "Paco" Samb
695:Guinea, circa 1910. A
530:Kouyaté line of griots
471:
451:
405:Balufu Bakupa-Kanyinda
193:
74:
65:
44:
21:Griot (disambiguation)
2370:Culture of the Gambia
1423:Hale, Thomas Albert,
1409:Educafrica, Numéro 11
1095:Cheick Hamala Diabaté
907:
885:
850:
699:griot poses with his
461:
364:nature of the class.
50:
38:
2365:Occupations in music
2025:African griot images
1034:Djeli Moussa Diawara
938:
19:For other uses, see
1036:or Jali Musa Jawara
1029:Djanka Tassey Condé
859:Massa Makan Diabaté
635:bodies that act as
518:Naré Maghann Konaté
342:a saying, statement
221:. They also act as
2400:Culture of Senegal
2395:Culture of Nigeria
2241:Pièces d'identités
2137:Le Wazzou polygame
1978:Leymarie, Isabelle
1808:. 30 November 2017
1777:. 11 November 2018
1702:on 2 December 2017
1356:Originalpeople.org
1147:Noura Mint Seymali
1100:Djelimady Tounkara
914:
902:
733:Present-day griots
680:of South Africa."
472:
454:In the Mali Empire
392:, prefer the term
75:
55:Griot performs at
45:
2380:Culture of Guinea
2342:
2341:
2225:Guimba the Tyrant
2011:A música do homem
1859:BroadwayWorld.com
1751:. 3 February 2023
1623:. 8 November 2018
1208:Coumba Gawlo Seck
1070:Abdoulaye Diabaté
866:storytelling and
654:According to the
576:means "blood" in
237:transliteration "
2417:
2375:Culture of Ghana
2217:Au nom du Christ
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2002:. Ellipsis Arts.
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945:Tiken Jah Fakoly
874:literary forms.
857:Malian novelist
846:McDaniel College
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520:offered his son
513:Epic of Sundiata
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1110:Mamadou Diabaté
1080:Ballaké Sissoko
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967:Foday Musa Suso
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2019:External links
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1967:
1956:
1941:
1931:(1): 192–193.
1912:
1909:
1907:
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1853:Cristi, A. A.
1845:
1819:
1788:
1771:"Celebrations"
1762:
1736:
1713:
1689:Oral Tradition
1672:
1659:
1634:
1621:All Good Tales
1608:
1546:
1535:. 30 June 2018
1533:Today is Good!
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2169:Djeli (film)
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2049:(film notes)
2010:
1999:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1944:
1928:
1922:
1894:
1889:
1880:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1858:
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1810:. Retrieved
1805:
1779:. Retrieved
1774:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1748:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1692:
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1650:. Retrieved
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1620:
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1500:
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1355:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1328:
1315:
1252:Music portal
1198:Mansour Seck
1075:Baba Sissoko
1059:Buli Galissa
1056:Nino Galissa
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63:, playing a
32:
2405:West Africa
1951:. Chicago:
1864:14 February
1838:14 February
1812:14 February
1781:14 February
1755:14 February
1706:18 November
1647:Peaceprints
1383:. An ka taa
1335:17 December
1329:Dalou Kende
1213:Thione Seck
1105:Habib Koité
1085:Bako Dagnon
987:Dembo Konte
807:Mauritanian
476:Mali Empire
464:Fula people
386:Mali Empire
43:griot, 1890
39:Senegalese
2360:Oral poets
2349:Categories
2268:Heremakono
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1991:2706813571
1729:18 October
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1387:19 January
1308:References
1131:Mauritania
1040:Mory Kante
972:Papa Susso
962:Lamin Saho
891:Papa Susso
834:Senegalese
822:Griots in
668:, and the
620:, and the
612:, and the
417:endogamous
362:hereditary
308:Hassaniyan
295:𞤺𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤮
243:Portuguese
2260:Ali Zaoua
2153:Muna Moto
2129:1972–2000
2054:The Griot
1596:146707617
1580:0001-9720
1539:22 August
1507:22 August
982:Bai Konte
977:Musa Ngum
836:griot of
741:peoples (
641:xylophone
637:resonator
547:, and no
524:a griot,
486:(today's
370:root word
241:" of the
223:mediators
2316:Félicité
2233:Buud Yam
2075:The Grio
2058:Archived
1980:(1999).
1949:audio CD
1224:See also
887:Mandinka
864:Mandinka
787:Tukulóor
743:Mandinka
563:In many
432:mediator
2300:Pegasus
1588:1160979
1460:3819348
1301:TheGrio
1286:Rapping
1271:Extempo
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1153:Nigeria
1142:Malouma
949:Odienné
897:on the
872:Western
803:Dagomba
783:Songhai
769:etc.),
767:Soninke
751:Bambara
747:Malinké
662:konting
622:junjung
618:balafon
610:kontigi
604:), the
504:Senegal
470:), 1890
349:Manding
328:Soninke
304:iggawen
239:guiriot
198:) is a
118:Manding
109:French:
2355:Griots
2335:(2021)
2327:(2019)
2319:(2017)
2311:(2013)
2303:(2011)
2295:(2009)
2287:(2007)
2279:(2005)
2271:(2003)
2263:(2001)
2244:(1999)
2236:(1997)
2228:(1995)
2220:(1993)
2212:(1991)
2204:(1989)
2196:(1987)
2188:(1985)
2180:(1983)
2172:(1981)
2164:(1979)
2156:(1976)
2148:(1973)
2140:(1972)
2085:Jeliya
1988:
1901:
1627:11 May
1601:11 May
1594:
1586:
1578:
1458:
1431:
1405:Unesco
1361:27 May
1261:Azmari
1023:Guinea
956:Gambia
910:baobab
895:Gambia
820:Bamako
678:ramkie
674:khalam
666:khalam
649:fiddle
608:, the
598:khalam
596:, the
553:jatigi
549:jatigi
545:jatigi
541:jatigi
358:jeliya
354:ߖߋߟߌߦߊ
332:Arabic
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318:, and
316:Yoruba
312:arokin
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247:criado
245:word "
235:French
184:okawul
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2177:Finyè
2161:Baara
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1584:JSTOR
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1478:(PDF)
1456:JSTOR
1377:"J-j"
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838:Wolof
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791:Wolof
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771:Fulɓe
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670:nkoni
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606:ngoni
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1840:2023
1814:2023
1783:2023
1757:2023
1731:2016
1708:2016
1654:2022
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1603:2023
1576:ISSN
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1509:2024
1429:ISBN
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1363:2020
1337:2020
1276:Filí
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1064:Mali
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