499:(T)he full scope of the liberty guaranteed by the Due Process Clause cannot be found in or limited by the precise terms of the specific guarantees elsewhere provided in the Constitution. This 'liberty' is not a series of isolated points pricked out in terms of the taking of property; the freedom of speech, press, and religion; the right to keep and bear arms in the United States; the freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures; and so on. It is a rational continuum which, broadly speaking, includes a freedom from all substantial arbitrary impositions and purposeless restraints.
981:
turn, those rights led, more recently, to rights of same-sex intimacy and marriage. They are all part of the same constitutional fabric, protecting autonomous decisionmaking over the most personal of life decisions ... So one of two things must be true. Either the majority does not really believe in its own reasoning. Or if it does, all rights that have no history stretching back to the mid-19th century are insecure. Either the mass of the majority's opinion is hypocrisy, or additional constitutional rights are under threat. It is one or the other."
41:
530:, "thus directly challeng the state law". The clinic opened on November 1, 1961, and that same day received its first ten patients and dozens of appointment requests from married women who wanted birth control advice and prescriptions. Less than two days after the fact, police officers arrived, to which Griswold explained in detail both the operations of the clinic and openly admitted to breaking state law. A week later, the detectives arrived with arrest warrants. Griswold and Buxton were arrested, tried in a one-day
669: We deal with a right of privacy older than the Bill of Rights – older than our political parties, older than our school system. Marriage is a coming together for better or for worse, hopefully enduring, and intimate to the degree of being sacred. It is an association that promotes a way of life, not causes; a harmony in living, not political faiths; a bilateral loyalty, not commercial or social projects. Yet it is an association for as noble a purpose as any involved in our prior decisions.
358:" that prohibited any person from using "any drug, medicinal article or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception". The court held that the statute was unconstitutional, and that its effect was "to deny disadvantaged citizens ... access to medical assistance and up-to-date information in respect to proper methods of birth control." By a vote of 7–2, the Supreme Court invalidated the law on the grounds that it violated the "right to marital privacy", establishing the basis for the
555:
891:, stated that the Texas anti-sodomy statute touched "upon the most private human conduct, sexual behavior, and in the most private of places, the home", and attempted to "control a personal relationship that ... is within the liberty of persons to choose without being punished". Thus, the Court held that adults are entitled to participate in private, consensual sexual conduct. While the opinion in
957:, ... Because any substantive due process decision is 'demonstrably erroneous' ... we have a duty to 'correct the error' established in those precedents," referring to decisions on contraception, sodomy, and same-sex marriage as future cases for the Supreme Court to reverse. Broadly, Associate Justice Thomas does not believe in
657:
concluded that
Connecticut's Comstock Law violated this right to privacy, and therefore was unconstitutional. Douglas reasoned that the right to marital privacy was "older than the Bill of Rights", and ended the opinion with an impassioned appeal to the sanctity of marriage in the Anglo-American culture and
617:, and Fifth Amendments. It referenced earlier cases where the Court had found personal liberties that were constitutionally protected despite not being specifically enumerated in the Constitution, such as the constitutional right to parental control over childrearing found in the early 20th century cases
980:
recognized does not stand alone. To the contrary, the Court has linked it for decades to other settled freedoms involving bodily integrity, familial relationships, and procreation. Most obviously, the right to terminate a pregnancy arose straight out of the right to purchase and use contraception. In
800:
of the
Fourteenth Amendment. Abortion became legalized for any woman for any reason, up through the first trimester, with possible restrictions for maternal health in the second trimester (the midpoint of which is the approximate time of fetal viability). In the third trimester of pregnancy, abortion
839:
to prohibit anyone other than a licensed pharmacist to distribute nonprescription contraceptives to persons 16 years of age or over, to prohibit the distribution of nonprescription contraceptives by any adult to minors under 16 years of age, and to prohibit anyone, including licensed pharmacists, to
724:
dissented from the Court's decision. Both justices' dissents argued that because the U.S. Constitution does not expressly mention privacy in any of its provisions, the Court had no basis to strike down
Connecticut's Comstock Law. Black's dissent concluded: "I get nowhere in this case by talk about a
525:
served on the PPLC as executive director from 1954 to 1965. Struggling through legal battles against birth control restrictions in
Connecticut, Griswold and PPLC made an initial effort to financially support women who wanted contraceptives to bus to cities in New York and Rhode Island. Griswold and
513:
He argued, foremost, that the
Supreme Court should have heard the case rather than dismissing it. Thereafter, he indicated his support for a broad interpretation of the due process clause. On the basis of this interpretation, Harlan concluded that the Connecticut statute violated the Constitution.
656:
Reasoning that the provisions of the Bill of Rights created "emanations" of protection that created "penumbras" within which rights could still be covered even if not explicitly enumerated in the
Constitution, Douglas wrote that the right to marital privacy fell within this protection. The Court
417:
of 1873. The law made it illegal to use "any drug, medicinal article, or instrument for the purpose of preventing conception...". Violators could be "... fined not less than fifty dollars or imprisoned not less than sixty days nor more than one year or be both fined and imprisoned".
725:
constitutional 'right of privacy' as an emanation from one or more constitutional provisions. I like my privacy as well as the next one, but I am nevertheless compelled to admit that government has a right to invade it unless prohibited by some specific constitutional provision."
696:—which states that if the Constitution enumerates certain rights but does not enumerate others it does not mean that the other rights do not exist—was sufficient authority on its own to support the Court's finding of a fundamental constitutional right to marital privacy. Justice
441:
clinic that led to the legal dispute. In 1939, this clinic was compelled to enforce the 1879 anti-contraception law. This caught the attention of the CBCL leaders, who remarked on the importance of birth control for cases in which the lives of the patients depended upon it.
437:. It provided services to women who had no access to a gynecologist, including information about artificial contraception and other methods to plan the growth of their families. Several clinics were opened in Connecticut over the following years, including the
452:(1943), a doctor and mother challenged the law on the grounds that a ban on contraception could, in certain sexual situations, threaten the lives and well-being of patients. The U.S. Supreme Court dismissed the appeal on the grounds that the plaintiff lacked
421:
In the late 19th and early 20th century, physicians in the United States largely avoided the publication of any material related to birth control, even when they often recommended or at least gave advice regarding it to their married patients. Then in 1914,
373:
wrote for the majority, "Would we allow the police to search the sacred precincts of marital bedrooms for telltale signs of the use of contraceptives? The very idea is repulsive to the notions of privacy surrounding the marriage relationship." Justice
4429:
576:. The Court held that the U.S. Constitution protects "marital privacy" as a fundamental constitutional right, but it struggled to identify a particular source for the right in the Constitution's text. The Court rejected the
3673:
3641:
3497:
445:
During the 1940s, two cases arose from the provision of contraception by the
Waterbury clinic, leading to legal challenges to the constitutionality of the Comstock law, but these failed on technical grounds. In
865:(2003) struck down a Texas sodomy law that prohibited certain forms of intimate sexual contact between members of the same sex. Without stating a standard of review in the majority opinion, the court overruled
2559:
666:
Would we allow the police to search the sacred precincts of marital bedrooms for telltale signs of the use of contraceptives? The very idea is repulsive to the notions of privacy surrounding the marriage
2765:
4611:
4586:
2819:
965:, the majority opinion also said, "The abortion right is also critically different from any other right that this Court has held to fall within the Fourteenth Amendment's protection of 'liberty'."
2357:
643:
We have had many controversies over these penumbral rights of "privacy and repose." These cases bear witness that the right of privacy which presses for recognition here is a legitimate one.
4453:
3250:
4606:
2663:
629:(1925). The Court viewed marital privacy right's implicit nature to be similar, and in a now well-known line Douglas used the metaphor of shined light and its shadows to describe it.
700:
also concurred with the Court, and wrote a concurring opinion arguing that the right to privacy should be protected under the Due
Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice
3345:
2167:
888:
845:
601:
Instead of trying to justify the right to marital privacy under substantive due process, the Court said that the marital privacy right was implied by the specific provisions of the
585:
316:
3409:
2551:
2046:
1592:
1567:
1080:
1005:
335:
129:
82:
1205:
Cheek, Jeannette Bailey (March 17, 1976). "Estelle
Griswold oral history interview about her part in Griswold v. Connecticut, legal challenge to Connecticut birth control law".
4240:
3305:
2631:
1000:
4601:
4128:
426:
openly challenged the public consensus against contraception. She influenced the
Connecticut Birth Control League (CBCL) and helped to develop the eventual concept of the
4561:
3788:
3657:
2511:
614:
304:
1624:
3425:
3102:
818:
693:
610:
606:
581:
312:
308:
300:
296:
4304:
3593:
3513:
2130:
871:(1986), declaring that the "Texas statute furthers no legitimate state interest which can justify its intrusion into the personal and private life of the individual."
4591:
3385:
2679:
2466:
1707:
933:
708:, saying: "I wholly fail to see how the ban on the use of contraceptives by married couples in any way reinforces the State's ban on illicit sexual relationships."
2910:
4461:
3812:
3569:
3417:
3210:
391:
4566:
4264:
4176:
2803:
990:
154:
The Connecticut statute forbidding use of contraceptives violates the right of marital privacy which is within the penumbra of specific guarantees of the
4616:
3062:
1562:
831:
4288:
3820:
2835:
2158:
1531:"Roe v. Wade (No. 70-18) 314 F.Supp. 1217, affirmed in part and reversed in part. STEWART, J., Concurring Opinion SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES"
4576:
379:
4596:
4571:
4556:
4101:
2966:
2567:
2434:
1680:
3473:
2647:
2458:
1234:
570:
546:
On June 7, 1965, the Supreme Court issued a 7–2 decision in favor of Griswold that struck down Connecticut's state law against contraceptives.
4581:
2827:
2025:
1764:
1350:
697:
3665:
3649:
3553:
3978:
120:
Defendants convicted, Circuit Court for the Sixth Circuit, 01-02-62; affirmed, Circuit Court, Appellate Division, 01-07-63; affirmed, 200
3561:
2671:
4377:
4093:
4018:
3282:
1544:
817:, reversing the application of the Due Process Clause in the case of abortion and returning its regulation to state control under the
796:
struck down a Texas law that criminalized aiding a woman in getting an abortion. The Court ruled that this law was a violation of the
45:
758:
of the Fourteenth Amendment to deny unmarried couples the right to use contraception when married couples did have that right (under
4437:
2377:
1184:
1159:
1109:
343:
945:' concurrence, he argued, "In future cases, we should reconsider all of this Court's substantive due process precedents, including
762:). Writing for the majority, Justice Brennan wrote that Massachusetts could not enforce the law against married couples because of
476:: the plaintiffs had not been charged or threatened with prosecution, so there was no actual controversy for the Court to resolve.
2583:
1870:
Hasian, Marouf Jr. (2001). "Vernacular Legal Discourse: Revisiting the Public Acceptance of the 'Right to Privacy' in the 1960s".
637:, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance. Various guarantees create zones of privacy.
4256:
3126:
1647:
205:
3529:
3006:
2851:
2365:
1617:"Supreme Court's decision on abortion could open the door to overturn same-sex marriage, contraception and other major rulings"
1616:
362:
with respect to intimate practices. This and other cases view the right to privacy as "protected from governmental intrusion".
3521:
1207:
Women's Studies Manuscript Collections from the Schlesinger Library: Voting Rights, National Politics, and Reproductive Rights
4232:
3836:
2694:
534:, found guilty, and fined $ 100 each. The conviction was upheld by the Appellate Division of the Circuit Court, and by the
2478:
2217:
2151:
1526:
1030:
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3234:
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3038:
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1489:
625:
602:
320:
155:
521:
was handed down in June 1961, the Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut (PPLC) decided to challenge the law again.
4120:
3290:
2591:
2442:
3970:
3505:
3242:
3633:
588:
as the source of the marital privacy right, because at the time the Court still formally rejected the doctrine of
4445:
3852:
3844:
3457:
2878:
2811:
535:
159:
125:
4477:
4421:
3585:
3142:
3110:
2535:
2519:
2144:
1808:
1512:
848:
does not allow a state to intrude on an individual's decisions on matters of procreation which is protected as
2741:
1530:
4485:
4352:
4050:
3906:
3167:
3094:
2487:
958:
755:
705:
589:
488:
457:
383:
3226:
2102:
3716:
3465:
872:
527:
438:
209:
4296:
3946:
3433:
2607:
4405:
4248:
4216:
3804:
3353:
2599:
2301:
2193:
2050:
1596:
1571:
1084:
704:
concurred only in the judgment, and wrote an opinion describing how he thought Connecticut's law failed
434:
133:
74:
17:
4272:
4184:
4042:
4034:
3930:
3828:
2066:
4413:
3577:
1325:
4397:
4144:
4010:
3994:
3887:
3692:
3625:
3609:
3401:
3134:
3070:
2950:
2787:
2615:
2575:
2527:
919:
355:
4312:
3922:
3724:
2084:
1548:
1238:
1125:
4328:
4280:
4224:
4160:
4152:
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4002:
3962:
3938:
3601:
3545:
3489:
3481:
3118:
2998:
2982:
2859:
2639:
2623:
2317:
2201:
962:
746:
594:
366:
1235:"1965 Griswold v. Connecticut Contraception as a right of privacy? The Supreme Court says, 'Yes!'"
972:, and argued, "And no one should be confident that this majority is done with its work. The right
801:
is potentially illegal with exception for the mother's health, which the court defined broadly in
4389:
4208:
4200:
4026:
3986:
3871:
3740:
3732:
3700:
3617:
3441:
3393:
3369:
3337:
3258:
3202:
3194:
3046:
2942:
2757:
2426:
2341:
2270:
2181:
2119:
1941:
1887:
1858:
1833:
1480:
1306:
995:
884:
867:
841:
797:
577:
573:
559:
448:
427:
387:
370:
339:
193:
3954:
1713:
895:
was framed in terms of the right to liberty, Kennedy described the "right to privacy" found in
4524:
4516:
4469:
4192:
4066:
3780:
3537:
3377:
3361:
3312:
3298:
3274:
3030:
3014:
2974:
2902:
2843:
2543:
2450:
2386:
2333:
2225:
2136:
2021:
1997:
1966:
1912:
1825:
1779:
1760:
1655:
1587:
1346:
1298:
1180:
1155:
1105:
1011:
914:
861:
766:, so the law worked "irrational discrimination" if not extended to unmarried couples as well.
619:
121:
1340:
3772:
3748:
3329:
3078:
3054:
2918:
2325:
2293:
2241:
2075:
1987:
1933:
1879:
1817:
1474:
1220:
1018:
836:
809:
522:
359:
1726:
554:
470:(1961). The Supreme Court again dismissed the appeal, on the grounds that the case was not
3186:
2926:
2795:
2349:
2309:
2233:
1024:
942:
880:
689:
423:
375:
229:
1261:
968:
The dissenting opinion criticized the majority for overturning precedents dating back to
2057:
4336:
4168:
3914:
3879:
3756:
3266:
3022:
2934:
2703:
2209:
2093:
1599:
1574:
1087:
876:
849:
783:
721:
634:
453:
399:
347:
217:
1504:
4545:
4058:
3449:
3321:
2990:
2958:
2886:
2749:
2655:
2503:
2418:
1891:
899:
as the "most pertinent beginning point" in the evolution of the concepts embodied in
803:
692:
concurred with the Court and wrote a separate opinion to emphasize his view that the
466:
461:
4344:
3708:
2894:
2249:
1837:
1424:
1422:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
938:
414:
197:
77:
3594:
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville
1924:
Kalman, Laura; Garrow, David (1994). "Review: The Promise and Peril of Privacy".
3218:
2495:
2410:
2282:
788:
701:
633:
The foregoing cases suggest that specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have
531:
395:
351:
221:
177:
3764:
2010:
Griswold v. Connecticut: Birth control and the constitutional right of privacy
1883:
1485:
717:
658:
185:
93:
4430:
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
2001:
1970:
1916:
1783:
1659:
1302:
941:
limited the right to privacy to exclude the right to an abortion. In Justice
1978:
Loewy, Arnold H. (2003). "Morals Legislation and the Establishment Clause".
89:
1829:
1383:
1381:
913:
was also cited in a chain of cases that led the Supreme Court to legalize
1821:
750:(1972) extended Griswold's holding to unmarried couples. The argument in
472:
3674:
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
1862:
1310:
1286:
1945:
3642:
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
3498:
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
2111:
1326:"EXPANDING CIVIL RIGHTS Landmark Cases Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)"
526:
Dr. Buxton (PPLC medical volunteer), opened a birth control clinic in
105:
2125:
1992:
1727:"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U. S. ____ (2022)"
1443:, 381 U.S. at 505 (White, J., concurring in the judgment), quoted in
733:
Later decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court extended the principles of
433:
The first Planned Parenthood clinic in Connecticut opened in 1935 in
1937:
1799:
883:'s majority opinion, based on the liberty interest protected by the
569:
Seven justices formed the majority and joined an opinion written by
386:
wrote a concurring opinion arguing that privacy is protected by the
2560:
Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
825:
Right to contraception for juveniles at least 14 years of age, 1977
2018:
I dissent: Great Opposing Opinions in Landmark Supreme Court Cases
1287:"Human Rights Hero: The Legal Legacy of "Griswold v. Connecticut""
840:
advertise or display contraceptives. The Court also held that the
553:
1845:
Garrow, David J. (2011). "Human Rights Hero: The Legal Legacy of
4504:
4375:
3165:
2766:
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
2268:
2179:
2140:
40:
2820:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
1620:
875:, who wrote a concurring opinion, framed it as an issue of
495:, one of the most cited dissents in Supreme Court history.
1262:"Human Rights Hero. The Legacy of Griswold V. Connecticut"
782:
were cited in the concurring opinion by Associate Justice
464:
and his patients brought a second challenge to the law in
4454:
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
2358:
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co.
961:
and has referred to it as 'legal fiction'. In regards to
3251:
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
1778:(5th ed.). Eagan, Minnesota: West Thomson/Reuters.
2664:
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.
1776:
Treatise on Constitutional Law: Substance and Procedure
3346:
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
846:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
4612:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
4587:
Right to privacy under the United States Constitution
3410:
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
2552:
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
1459:, 381 U.S. at 508 (Black, J., dissenting), quoted in
1006:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 381
4241:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
3306:
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
2632:
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
1001:
List of sex-related court cases in the United States
350:
without government restriction. The case involved a
64:
Estelle T. Griswold and C. Lee Buxton v. Connecticut
4129:
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co.
4112:
4077:
3898:
3863:
3684:
3178:
2870:
2690:
2477:
2376:
2281:
1648:"The Self-Fulfilling Prophecies of Clarence Thomas"
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
246:
Douglas, joined by Warren, Clark, Brennan, Goldberg
242:
237:
166:
148:
140:
116:
111:
101:
69:
59:
52:
33:
3789:Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney
3658:Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action
2512:Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
1932:(4). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 725–731.
1800:"'Momma's Got the Pill': How Anthony Comstock and
1490:"The Nation: Still Fighting 'Eisenstadt v. Baird'"
1179:. University Press of Kansas. pp. Chapter 5.
741:Right to birth control for unmarried couples, 1972
413:originated as a prosecution under the Connecticut
3426:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
3103:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
1269:Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities
856:Right to privacy in private sexual activity, 2003
4305:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.
3514:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
2131:Landmark Cases: Historic Supreme Court Decisions
378:wrote a concurring opinion in which he used the
3386:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
2911:Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
835:(1977) the U.S. Supreme Court held that it was
663:
631:
497:
369:does not explicitly mention "privacy", Justice
346:protects the liberty of married couples to use
4607:United States substantive due process case law
651:, 381 U.S. at 484–85 (case citations omitted).
592:due to its association with the 1905 decision
586:Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
4462:Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
3813:Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County
3570:Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
3418:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
3211:Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
2152:
1610:
1608:
392:Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
8:
2680:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
2584:Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
2467:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
1708:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
1387:
1154:. University of Kansas. pp. Chapter 2.
1126:"History & Impact of Planned Parenthood"
934:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
504:Justice John Marshall Harlan II, dissent in
487:, primarily based on the dissent of Justice
4265:Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia
4177:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
2804:Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
1774:Nowak, John E.; Rotunda, Ronald D. (2012).
1757:Constitutional Law: Principles and Policies
1460:
1444:
1428:
1413:
1400:
1372:
1237:. Action Speaks Radio. 2012. Archived from
991:Birth control movement in the United States
4602:United States reproductive rights case law
4501:
4372:
3530:Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education
3175:
3162:
3063:Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
2278:
2265:
2176:
2159:
2145:
2137:
2020:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 179–190.
1759:(6th ed.). New York: Wolters Kluwer.
1681:"The Dobbs v. Jackson Decision, Annotated"
1563:Carey v. Population Services International
931:On June 24, 2022, the majority opinion in
832:Carey v. Population Services International
30:
4562:American Civil Liberties Union litigation
4289:New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
3821:Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
2836:Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee
1991:
398:argued that Connecticut's law failed the
3522:Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1
1903:and the Unenumerated Right of Privacy".
1072:
1070:
562:, the author of the majority opinion in
380:Ninth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
4233:Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
4102:Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward
2967:Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
2568:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
2435:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
1905:Northern Illinois University Law Review
1104:. University of Kansas. pp. 8–10.
1047:
792:, 410 U.S. 113 (1973). The decision in
23:1965 U.S. Supreme Court case on privacy
4592:United States Ninth Amendment case law
3474:Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
2828:City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
1280:
1278:
770:Right to abortion for any woman, 1973
28:1965 United States Supreme Court case
7:
3554:Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
2695:Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes
1959:Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues
1503:Sheraden Seward (December 3, 2008).
1200:
1198:
1196:
128:1964); probable jurisdiction noted,
4321:Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools
4137:Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth
3562:City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
2672:June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo
2648:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
2459:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
2012:. University Press of Kansas, 2005.
1223:. Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame.
1209:– via ProQuest History Vault.
774:The reasoning and language of both
754:was that it was a violation of the
254:Goldberg, joined by Warren, Brennan
4567:Birth control in the United States
4094:Arlington County Board v. Richards
4019:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
3797:Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.
3283:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
2168:United States Fourteenth Amendment
1627:from the original on June 24, 2022
1545:University of Missouri-Kansas City
927:Right to abortion overturned, 2022
456:to sue on behalf of his patients.
382:in support of the ruling. Justice
342:in which the Court ruled that the
46:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
4617:United States Supreme Court cases
4438:Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
3979:Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n
2053:479 (1965) is available from:
1549:"ROE v. WADE 410 U.S. 113 (1973)"
344:Constitution of the United States
323:§§ 53-32, 54-196 (rev. 1958)
4257:Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
3666:Fisher v. University of Texas II
3127:Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.
1615:Sneed, Tierney (June 24, 2022).
1505:"Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)"
1260:Garrow, David J. (Spring 2011).
906:Right to same-sex marriage, 2015
39:
4577:History of women in Connecticut
3971:Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach
3650:Fisher v. University of Texas I
3007:Moore v. City of East Cleveland
2852:Los Angeles County v. Humphries
2366:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
4597:United States privacy case law
4572:Birth control law and case law
4557:1965 in United States case law
3837:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
1324:Alex McBride (December 2006).
1:
3506:Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman
2711:McNeese v. Board of Education
2218:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
1646:Robin, Corey (July 9, 2022).
1527:Cornell University Law School
1031:McGee v. The Attorney General
737:beyond its particular facts.
334:, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), was a
4582:Legal history of Connecticut
3235:Hirabayashi v. United States
3087:DeShaney v. Winnebago County
3039:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
2780:Owen v. City of Independence
2395:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
626:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
4121:United States v. Cruikshank
3291:Brown v. Board of Education
2592:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
2443:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
1926:Reviews in American History
1755:Chemerinsky, Erwin (2019).
1339:Laura Carroll (July 2012).
4633:
3243:Korematsu v. United States
2112:Oyez (oral argument audio)
1953:Lockhart, Andrea (1997). "
1798:Bailey, Martha J. (2010).
1388:Nowak & Rotunda (2012)
917:in another landmark case,
15:
4511:
4500:
4446:United States v. Morrison
4384:
4371:
3853:United States v. Skrmetti
3845:United States v. Virginia
3458:Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson
3174:
3161:
2879:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
2812:Gonzaga University v. Doe
2277:
2264:
2188:
2175:
1899:Helscher, David (1994). "
1884:10.1080/10584600150217677
1285:Garrow, David J. (2011).
1175:Johnson, John W. (2005).
1150:Johnson, John W. (2005).
1100:Johnson, John W. (2005).
1059:: A Brief Case History".
729:Precedent for later cases
536:Connecticut Supreme Court
295:
171:
160:Connecticut Supreme Court
153:
38:
4478:United States v. Georgia
4422:City of Boerne v. Flores
3586:United States v. Fordice
3143:Williams v. Pennsylvania
3111:Washington v. Glucksberg
1809:American Economic Review
1513:Arizona State University
1463:, § 10.3.2, p. 883.
1447:, § 10.3.2, p. 883.
1431:, § 10.3.2, p. 883.
1416:, § 10.3.2, p. 882.
1403:, § 10.3.2, p. 882.
1375:, § 10.3.2, p. 882.
1055:Roraback, Catherine G. "
286:Stewart, joined by Black
278:Black, joined by Stewart
53:Argued March 29–30, 1965
16:Not to be confused with
4486:Shelby County v. Holder
4051:Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
3907:Patsone v. Pennsylvania
3168:Equal Protection Clause
3095:Michael H. v. Gerald D.
2488:United States v. Vuitch
2403:Griswold v. Connecticut
2121:Griswold v. Connecticut
2043:Griswold v. Connecticut
1955:Griswold v. Connecticut
1901:Griswold v. Connecticut
1872:Political Communication
1847:Griswold v. Connecticut
1804:Shaped US Childbearing"
1802:Griswold v. Connecticut
1177:Griswold V. Connecticut
1152:Griswold V. Connecticut
1102:Griswold V. Connecticut
1077:Griswold v. Connecticut
1057:Griswold v. Connecticut
959:substantive due process
764:Griswold v. Connecticut
756:Equal Protection Clause
706:rational basis scrutiny
698:John Marshall Harlan II
649:Griswold v. Connecticut
605:, such as those in the
590:substantive due process
489:John Marshall Harlan II
485:Griswold v. Connecticut
458:Yale School of Medicine
411:Griswold v. Connecticut
384:John Marshall Harlan II
331:Griswold v. Connecticut
34:Griswold v. Connecticut
4353:Armour v. Indianapolis
3717:Moritz v. Commissioner
2773:Procunier v. Navarette
2691:Civil rights liability
2479:Abortion jurisprudence
2016:Tushnet, Mark (2008).
681:
654:
566:
542:Supreme Court decision
528:New Haven, Connecticut
511:
210:William J. Brennan Jr.
4406:Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
4249:Richardson v. Ramirez
4217:Boddie v. Connecticut
3805:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
3634:Johnson v. California
3354:McLaughlin v. Florida
2742:O'Connor v. Donaldson
2302:Allgeyer v. Louisiana
2194:Slaughter-House Cases
1714:597 U.S. ____
678:, 381 U.S. at 485–86.
557:
483:led to the appeal in
297:U.S. Const. amends. I
18:Griswold, Connecticut
4398:Katzenbach v. Morgan
4145:Breedlove v. Suttles
3995:Graham v. Richardson
3888:Obergefell v. Hodges
3693:Breedlove v. Suttles
3626:Grutter v. Bollinger
3466:Jefferson v. Hackney
3135:Obergefell v. Hodges
3071:Edwards v. Aguillard
2951:Epperson v. Arkansas
2788:Harlow v. Fitzgerald
2723:Jenkins v. McKeithen
2616:Mazurek v. Armstrong
2576:Hodgson v. Minnesota
2536:Bellotti v. Baird II
2528:Colautti v. Franklin
2283:Economic substantive
1822:10.1257/aer.100.1.98
1716: (24 June 2022).
1547:(January 22, 1973).
920:Obergefell v. Hodges
889:Fourteenth Amendment
807:. On June 24, 2022,
550:Opinion of the Court
262:Harlan (in judgment)
55:Decided June 7, 1965
4552:1965 in Connecticut
4329:Gregory v. Ashcroft
4297:Mills v. Habluetzel
4281:Zablocki v. Redhail
4225:Eisenstadt v. Baird
4161:Oyama v. California
4153:Skinner v. Oklahoma
4086:Shapiro v. Thompson
4003:Sugarman v. Dougall
3947:Porterfield v. Webb
3939:Terrace v. Thompson
3602:Missouri v. Jenkins
3546:Hunter v. Underwood
3490:Milliken v. Bradley
3482:Norwood v. Harrison
3434:McDaniel v. Barresi
3119:Troxel v. Granville
2999:Mathews v. Eldridge
2983:Taylor v. Louisiana
2860:Connick v. Thompson
2640:Gonzales v. Carhart
2624:Stenberg v. Carhart
2608:Lambert v. Wicklund
2520:Bellotti v. Baird I
2318:Lochner v. New York
2202:Minor v. Happersett
2103:Library of Congress
963:unenumerated rights
937:written by Justice
747:Eisenstadt v. Baird
595:Lochner v. New York
479:The polemic around
367:U.S. Bill of Rights
356:Little Comstock Act
270:White (in judgment)
88:85 S. Ct. 1678; 14
4390:Civil Rights Cases
4378:Enforcement Clause
4209:Oregon v. Mitchell
4201:Williams v. Rhodes
4027:Nyquist v. Mauclet
3987:Hernandez v. Texas
3872:Bowers v. Hardwick
3864:Sexual orientation
3741:Stanton v. Stanton
3733:Geduldig v. Aiello
3701:Goesaert v. Cleary
3618:Gratz v. Bollinger
3442:Palmer v. Thompson
3394:Hunter v. Erickson
3370:Loving v. Virginia
3338:Anderson v. Martin
3259:Shelley v. Kraemer
3203:Plessy v. Ferguson
3195:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
3047:Kolender v. Lawson
2943:Loving v. Virginia
2758:Imbler v. Pachtman
2735:Wood v. Strickland
2600:Leavitt v. Jane L.
2427:Bowers v. Hardwick
2342:Buchanan v. Warley
2271:Due Process Clause
2182:Citizenship Clause
1980:Alabama Law Review
1685:The New York Times
1533:. law.cornell.edu.
1488:(March 22, 2012).
1481:Jonathan D. Moreno
1461:Chemerinsky (2019)
1445:Chemerinsky (2019)
1429:Chemerinsky (2019)
1414:Chemerinsky (2019)
1412:Quoted in part in
1401:Chemerinsky (2019)
1373:Chemerinsky (2019)
1345:. LiveTrue Books.
1221:"Estelle Griswold"
1130:Planned Parenthood
996:Catherine Roraback
885:due process clause
868:Bowers v. Hardwick
842:Due Process Clause
798:Due Process Clause
578:Due Process Clause
574:William O. Douglas
567:
560:William O. Douglas
449:Tileston v. Ullman
428:Planned Parenthood
388:due process clause
371:William O. Douglas
340:U.S. Supreme Court
194:William O. Douglas
182:Associate Justices
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4525:Trump v. Anderson
4517:Gold Clause Cases
4496:
4495:
4470:Tennessee v. Lane
4367:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4273:Trimble v. Gordon
4193:Levy v. Louisiana
4185:Rinaldi v. Yeager
4067:Bernal v. Fainter
4043:Ambach v. Norwick
4035:Foley v. Connelie
3931:Crane v. New York
3829:Lehr v. Robertson
3781:Caban v. Mohammed
3538:Palmore v. Sidoti
3378:Lee v. Washington
3362:Reitman v. Mulkey
3313:Gebhart v. Belton
3299:Briggs v. Elliott
3275:Sweatt v. Painter
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3031:Parratt v. Taylor
3015:Duren v. Missouri
2975:Arnett v. Kennedy
2903:Powell v. Alabama
2844:Ashcroft v. Iqbal
2729:Scheuer v. Rhodes
2544:H. L. v. Matheson
2451:Lawrence v. Texas
2387:Meyer v. Nebraska
2334:Coppage v. Kansas
2260:
2259:
2226:Perez v. Brownell
2027:978-0-8070-0036-6
2008:Johnson, John W.
1957:: A Case Brief".
1766:978-1-4548-9574-9
1588:Lawrence v. Texas
1352:978-0-615-64299-4
1012:Meyer v. Nebraska
915:same-sex marriage
862:Lawrence v. Texas
620:Meyer v. Nebraska
336:landmark decision
327:
326:
206:John M. Harlan II
4624:
4502:
4414:Dellmuth v. Muth
4373:
3773:Parham v. Hughes
3749:Edwards v. Healy
3578:Freeman v. Pitts
3333:(M.D. Ala. 1956)
3330:Browder v. Gayle
3176:
3163:
3079:Turner v. Safley
3055:Hudson v. Palmer
2919:NAACP v. Alabama
2378:Right to privacy
2326:Muller v. Oregon
2294:Mugler v. Kansas
2279:
2266:
2242:Rogers v. Bellei
2177:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2031:
2005:
1995:
1974:
1949:
1920:
1895:
1866:
1841:
1787:
1770:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1612:
1603:
1584:
1578:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1475:Frances Kissling
1470:
1464:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1241:on March 3, 2014
1231:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1191:
1190:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1097:
1091:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1019:NAACP v. Alabama
873:Justice O'Connor
837:unconstitutional
810:Dobbs v. Jackson
679:
652:
523:Estelle Griswold
509:
394:, while Justice
360:right to privacy
321:Conn. Gen. Stat.
167:Court membership
43:
42:
31:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4531:
4507:
4492:
4380:
4359:
4108:
4073:
4011:In re Griffiths
3955:Webb v. O'Brien
3894:
3859:
3680:
3610:Texas v. Lesage
3402:Hadnott v. Amos
3187:Pace v. Alabama
3170:
3149:
2927:Hoyt v. Florida
2866:
2796:Felder v. Casey
2692:
2686:
2473:
2372:
2350:Adams v. Tanner
2310:Holden v. Hardy
2284:
2273:
2256:
2234:Afroyim v. Rusk
2184:
2171:
2165:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2038:
2028:
2015:
1977:
1952:
1938:10.2307/2702826
1923:
1898:
1869:
1844:
1797:
1794:
1792:Further reading
1773:
1767:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1687:. June 24, 2022
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1585:
1581:
1560:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1455:
1451:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1394:
1390:, § 18.27.
1386:
1379:
1371:
1360:
1353:
1342:The Baby Matrix
1338:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1075:
1068:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1025:Margaret Sanger
987:
943:Clarence Thomas
929:
908:
881:Justice Kennedy
858:
827:
819:Tenth Amendment
772:
743:
731:
714:
694:Ninth Amendment
690:Arthur Goldberg
686:
680:
674:
671:
668:
653:
647:
552:
544:
510:
503:
424:Margaret Sanger
408:
376:Arthur Goldberg
230:Arthur Goldberg
220:
208:
196:
136:926 (1964).
97:
54:
48:
29:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4630:
4628:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4543:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4521:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4337:Vacco v. Quill
4333:
4325:
4317:
4313:Clark v. Jeter
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4169:Oyler v. Boles
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3923:Heim v. McCall
3919:
3915:Truax v. Raich
3911:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3880:Romer v. Evans
3876:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3757:Craig v. Boren
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3725:Kahn v. Shevin
3721:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3267:Perez v. Sharp
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3227:Smith v. Texas
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3023:Parham v. J.R.
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2935:Oyler v. Boles
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2717:Pierson v. Ray
2714:
2708:
2704:Monroe v. Pape
2699:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2289:
2287:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2210:Elk v. Wilkins
2206:
2198:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2117:
2085:Google Scholar
2037:
2036:External links
2034:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2013:
2006:
1986:(1): 159–182.
1975:
1950:
1921:
1896:
1867:
1842:
1793:
1790:
1789:
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1771:
1765:
1750:
1747:
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1744:
1733:. May 16, 2021
1718:
1698:
1672:
1652:The New Yorker
1638:
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1579:
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1518:
1509:embryo.asu.edu
1495:
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1226:
1212:
1192:
1185:
1167:
1160:
1142:
1117:
1110:
1092:
1066:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
986:
983:
928:
925:
907:
904:
877:rational basis
857:
854:
850:privacy rights
826:
823:
786:in support of
784:Potter Stewart
771:
768:
742:
739:
730:
727:
722:Potter Stewart
713:
710:
685:
682:
672:
664:
645:
603:Bill of Rights
551:
548:
543:
540:
501:
407:
404:
400:rational basis
348:contraceptives
325:
324:
293:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
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272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
235:
234:
233:
232:
218:Potter Stewart
183:
180:
175:
169:
168:
164:
163:
156:Bill of Rights
151:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
87:
71:
67:
66:
61:
60:Full case name
57:
56:
50:
49:
44:
36:
35:
27:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4629:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
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4593:
4590:
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4573:
4570:
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4565:
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4459:
4456:
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4432:
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4427:
4424:
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4411:
4408:
4407:
4403:
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4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4387:
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4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4347:
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4342:
4339:
4338:
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4331:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:Plyler v. Doe
4056:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:Frick v. Webb
3960:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:Coit v. Green
3447:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:Lucy v. Adams
3319:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:Goss v. Lopez
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:In re Winship
2956:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:Zucht v. King
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:Paul v. Davis
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:Azar v. Garza
2653:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:Doe v. Bolton
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:Doe v. Bolton
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2067:CourtListener
2059:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:(1): 89–105.
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1816:(1): 98–129.
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:0-7006-1378-1
1182:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1161:0-7006-1378-1
1157:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1111:0-7006-1378-1
1107:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
984:
982:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:
926:
924:
922:
921:
916:
912:
905:
903:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:
864:
863:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
833:
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
811:
806:
805:
804:Doe v. Bolton
799:
795:
791:
790:
785:
781:
777:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
740:
738:
736:
728:
726:
723:
719:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
683:
677:
670:
667:relationship.
662:
660:
650:
644:
641:
638:
636:
630:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
596:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:
565:
561:
556:
549:
547:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
520:
515:
507:
506:Poe v. Ullman
500:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
474:
469:
468:
467:Poe v. Ullman
463:
462:C. Lee Buxton
460:gynecologist
459:
455:
451:
450:
443:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
419:
416:
412:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
365:Although the
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:Case opinions
236:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:Chief Justice
173:
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
107:
106:Oral argument
104:
100:
95:
91:
85:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
51:
47:
37:
32:
26:
19:
4523:
4515:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4351:
4345:Bush v. Gore
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
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3795:
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3723:
3715:
3709:Reed v. Reed
3707:
3699:
3691:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
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2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
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2909:
2901:
2895:Buck v. Bell
2893:
2885:
2877:
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2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
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2364:
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2250:Saenz v. Roe
2248:
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2208:
2200:
2192:
2129:
2120:
2042:
2017:
2009:
1983:
1979:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1929:
1925:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1875:
1871:
1857:(2): 26–25.
1854:
1851:Human Rights
1850:
1846:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1775:
1756:
1735:. Retrieved
1730:
1721:
1706:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1684:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1602: (2003).
1586:
1582:
1561:
1557:
1539:
1521:
1508:
1498:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1456:
1452:
1440:
1436:
1408:
1395:
1341:
1334:
1319:
1297:(2): 26–25.
1294:
1291:Human Rights
1290:
1268:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1229:
1215:
1206:
1176:
1170:
1151:
1145:
1135:February 28,
1133:. Retrieved
1129:
1120:
1101:
1095:
1090: (1965).
1076:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1029:
1017:
1010:
977:
973:
969:
967:
954:
950:
946:
939:Samuel Alito
932:
930:
918:
910:
909:
900:
896:
892:
866:
860:
859:
830:
828:
814:
808:
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793:
787:
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763:
759:
751:
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734:
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687:
684:Concurrences
675:
665:
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600:
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568:
563:
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518:
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415:Comstock Act
410:
409:
364:
330:
329:
328:
291:Laws applied
225:
213:
201:
198:Tom C. Clark
189:
112:Case history
81:
63:
25:
3270:(Cal. 1948)
3219:Lum v. Rice
2496:Roe v. Wade
2411:Roe v. Wade
2285:due process
1749:Works cited
1577: (1977)
1551:. umkc.edu.
813:overturned
789:Roe v. Wade
702:Byron White
661:tradition.
623:(1923) and
532:bench trial
396:Byron White
352:Connecticut
267:Concurrence
259:Concurrence
251:Concurrence
222:Byron White
178:Earl Warren
4546:Categories
3765:Orr v. Orr
1492:. npr.org.
1486:The Nation
1399:Quoted in
1038:References
955:Obergefell
780:Eisenstadt
752:Eisenstadt
718:Hugo Black
659:common law
406:Background
402:standard.
186:Hugo Black
141:Subsequent
94:U.S. LEXIS
92:510; 1965
4078:Residency
2002:0002-4279
1993:10601/600
1971:0896-5595
1917:0734-1490
1892:219727433
1784:798148265
1660:0028-792X
1303:0046-8185
1043:Citations
901:Lawrence.
716:Justices
635:penumbras
439:Waterbury
430:clinics.
162:reversed.
90:L. Ed. 2d
70:Citations
3899:Alienage
2170:case law
2041:Text of
1863:23032421
1830:29508974
1737:June 27,
1691:June 27,
1665:June 11,
1631:June 24,
1625:Archived
1457:Griswold
1441:Griswold
1311:23032421
1245:June 10,
1061:Ohio NUL
985:See also
970:Griswold
951:Lawrence
947:Griswold
911:Griswold
897:Griswold
893:Lawrence
879:review.
776:Griswold
760:Griswold
735:Griswold
712:Dissents
688:Justice
676:Griswold
673:—
646:—
564:Griswold
558:Justice
502:—
454:standing
435:Hartford
243:Majority
102:Argument
3294:(1954)
2076:Findlaw
2058:Cornell
1946:2702826
1838:4966500
887:of the
844:of the
580:of the
571:justice
390:of the
338:of the
283:Dissent
275:Dissent
149:Holding
4528:(2024)
4520:(1935)
4489:(2013)
4481:(2006)
4473:(2004)
4465:(2003)
4457:(2001)
4449:(2000)
4441:(2000)
4433:(1999)
4425:(1997)
4417:(1989)
4409:(1976)
4401:(1966)
4393:(1883)
4356:(2012)
4348:(2000)
4340:(1997)
4332:(1991)
4324:(1988)
4316:(1988)
4308:(1985)
4300:(1982)
4292:(1979)
4284:(1978)
4276:(1977)
4268:(1976)
4260:(1974)
4252:(1974)
4244:(1973)
4236:(1973)
4228:(1972)
4220:(1971)
4212:(1970)
4204:(1968)
4196:(1968)
4188:(1966)
4180:(1966)
4172:(1962)
4164:(1948)
4156:(1942)
4148:(1937)
4140:(1928)
4132:(1886)
4124:(1876)
4105:(1985)
4097:(1977)
4089:(1969)
4070:(1984)
4062:(1982)
4054:(1982)
4046:(1979)
4038:(1978)
4030:(1977)
4022:(1976)
4014:(1973)
4006:(1973)
3998:(1971)
3990:(1954)
3982:(1948)
3974:(1927)
3966:(1923)
3958:(1923)
3950:(1923)
3942:(1923)
3934:(1915)
3926:(1915)
3918:(1915)
3910:(1914)
3891:(2015)
3883:(1996)
3875:(1986)
3856:(2024)
3848:(1996)
3840:(1994)
3832:(1983)
3824:(1982)
3816:(1981)
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3800:(1980)
3792:(1979)
3784:(1979)
3776:(1979)
3768:(1979)
3760:(1976)
3752:(1975)
3744:(1975)
3736:(1974)
3728:(1974)
3720:(1972)
3712:(1971)
3704:(1948)
3696:(1937)
3677:(2023)
3669:(2016)
3661:(2014)
3653:(2013)
3645:(2007)
3637:(2005)
3629:(2003)
3621:(2003)
3613:(1999)
3605:(1995)
3597:(1993)
3589:(1992)
3581:(1992)
3573:(1991)
3565:(1989)
3557:(1986)
3549:(1985)
3541:(1984)
3533:(1982)
3525:(1982)
3517:(1978)
3509:(1977)
3501:(1977)
3493:(1974)
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3469:(1972)
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3429:(1971)
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3365:(1967)
3357:(1964)
3349:(1964)
3341:(1964)
3325:(1955)
3286:(1950)
3278:(1950)
3262:(1948)
3254:(1948)
3246:(1944)
3238:(1943)
3230:(1940)
3222:(1927)
3214:(1899)
3206:(1896)
3198:(1886)
3190:(1883)
3146:(2016)
3138:(2015)
3130:(2009)
3122:(2000)
3114:(1997)
3106:(1990)
3098:(1989)
3090:(1989)
3082:(1987)
3074:(1987)
3066:(1985)
3058:(1984)
3050:(1983)
3042:(1982)
3034:(1981)
3026:(1979)
3018:(1979)
3010:(1977)
3002:(1976)
2994:(1975)
2986:(1975)
2978:(1974)
2970:(1974)
2962:(1971)
2954:(1968)
2946:(1967)
2938:(1962)
2930:(1961)
2922:(1958)
2914:(1950)
2906:(1932)
2898:(1927)
2890:(1922)
2882:(1905)
2863:(2011)
2855:(2010)
2847:(2009)
2839:(2009)
2831:(2005)
2823:(2003)
2815:(2002)
2807:(1989)
2799:(1988)
2791:(1982)
2783:(1980)
2775:(1978)
2769:(1978)
2761:(1976)
2753:(1976)
2745:(1975)
2737:(1975)
2731:(1974)
2725:(1969)
2719:(1967)
2713:(1963)
2707:(1961)
2693:under
2683:(2022)
2675:(2020)
2667:(2019)
2659:(2018)
2651:(2016)
2643:(2007)
2635:(2006)
2627:(2000)
2619:(1997)
2611:(1997)
2603:(1996)
2595:(1992)
2587:(1990)
2579:(1990)
2571:(1989)
2563:(1986)
2555:(1983)
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2253:(1999)
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1780:OCLC
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