33:
58:
404:
An oral complex containing an aperture (an opening in the test) allows the filose pseudopodia to extend out. The pseudopodia are non-granular, and can form connections to make net-like structures. Gromia use their pseudopodia to crawl along the surface of sediments. Waste pellets (“stercomata”) and
361:
Deep-sea gromiids have been found in the
Arabian sea, off the coast of Antarctica and in the water of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. They were often collected from the 1,000–3,100 m range. Oxygen levels in gromiid habitats tend to exceed 0.2 mL/L and are therefore not limiting to the
432:
Gromiids are hypothesized to be important for carbon cycling, as they are often found in carbon-rich sediments and feed on detritus. In addition, gromiids have been shown to store high levels of intracellular nitrate, suggesting a role for gromiids in denitrification.
337:
protists were later described in waters from the
Arabian sea, the European Arctic sea, and off the coast of Antarctica, among other locations, and characterized both morphologically and through molecular studies of their small subunit rRNA genes.
372:
Gromiids found in the deep sea near Oman and
Pakistan are often found with Foraminifera, filamentous prokaryotes and bacteria living on their cell surface. Gromiids provide substrates and serve as a surface for attachment to their epibionts.
368:
are thought to acquire nutrients from the organic matter in sediments on the sea floor, as they are often found in areas with abundant phytodetritus. Their apertures face down on sediment surfaces and they use their pseudopodia to feed.
202:
through a gap enclosed by the cell's oral capsule. The test, a shell made up of protein that encloses the cytoplasm, is made up of several layers of membrane, which resemble honeycombs in shape – a defining character of this genus.
396:
species, and their morphology tends to align with the molecular data used to differentiate species. The interior of the test is layered with membranes with a honeycomb pattern. These honeycomb membranes are a unique feature of
297:, used small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA genes and concluded that Gromia were members of Cercozoa, a large group of amoebae with tests and filose pseudopodia. Follow-up studies on this group placed
440:
to produce tracks on the sea floor has been used to propose a re-evaluation of the use of fossils with similar traces as evidence for dating the origins of animals with bilateral symmetry.
305:
class, again based on SSU rRNA genes
Eventually, when molecular studies combined data from several genes – actin, polyubiquitin, RNA polymerase II and small subunit rRNA genes –
239:(animals with bilateral symmetry); this now calls into question whether such fossil traces are reliable as documentation of early multicellular animal diversification in the
2490:
2346:
2372:
354:. It inhabits intertidal zones and other regions of shallow waters; it is often found attached to rocks, kelp, weeds, Cladophora algae, or within sediments.
821:
Longet, D.; Burki, F.; Flakowski, J.; Berney, C.; Polet, S.; Fahrni, J.; Pawlowski, J. (2004). "Multigene evidence for close evolutionary relations between
424:, the shells of adult organisms fuse. Gametogenesis and fertilization follow, after which the zygotes mature into amoebulae and exit the parental shells.
327:
were long thought to only inhabit shallow waters, until samples from the
Arabian Sea from depths below 1,000 m revealed the first deep-sea gromiid –
766:
Cifelli, R. (1990). "A history of the classification of foraminifera (1826-1933), part 1 Foraminiferal classification from d'Orbigny to
Galloway".
1124:
2477:
2320:
2503:
2359:
283:
became better characterized throughout the 1960s, when electron microscopy revealed more details on their morphology, including their honeycomb
222:. However, research from the 1990s and early 2000s identified gromiids inhabiting depths up to 4,392 m, leading to several new deep-sea
346:
Gromiids inhabit sediments or surfaces of flora in both shallow waters and the deep sea. The best characterized species of shallow-water
1170:
2539:
2421:
1204:
384:
members are quite large, ranging from 0.4 mm to 30 mm. Their proteinaceous tests vary in shapes, from spherical (e.g.
1199:
1021:. School of Ocean and Earth Sciences (Ph.D. thesis). University of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering Science and Mathematics.
2508:
2364:
1283:
1273:
1256:
317:, studies of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of various deep-sea gromiids has revealed species diversity within
578:
2377:
737:
436:
Gromiids have also enriched our understanding of evolutionary history. The ability of the giant, deep-sea species
2567:
57:
1134:
1288:
235:
revealed that it produces traces on the seafloor which resemble fossil traces formerly attributed to early
2260:
1163:
461:
2408:
1251:
848:
Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E.E.-Y. (2003). "Phylogeny and classification of phylum
Cercozoa (Protozoa)".
2190:
2109:
477:
420:
have been observed to undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction observed in
269:
gaining prominence because it was often found in the intertidal zones on the
British coast. Initially,
509:
501:
493:
485:
453:
211:
2544:
2518:
2426:
2387:
2307:
2092:
1915:
1130:
1090:
986:
942:
533:
525:
321:, with molecular data tending to correlate with distinct morphologies of the various species’ tests.
2195:
2104:
2098:
1905:
1676:
1551:
1393:
517:
2179:
1644:
1445:
2138:
2048:
2001:
1910:
1561:
1556:
1337:
1032:
Felts, W.J.L.; Harrison, R.J. (1968). "International review of general and experimental zoology".
2572:
1268:
1246:
1234:
1209:
911:
661:
605:
219:
52:
2413:
1398:
1018:
Benthic protozoan community attributes in relation to environmental gradients in the
Arabian Sea
1440:
1342:
32:
2526:
2395:
2351:
1948:
1664:
1659:
1619:
1515:
1278:
1241:
1229:
1219:
1156:
1072:
865:
715:
653:
156:
2531:
2495:
2400:
2226:
2043:
1822:
1579:
1193:
1064:
994:
950:
903:
857:
798:
705:
695:
643:
597:
541:
329:
231:
180:
2230:
1767:
251:
176:
2468:
990:
946:
209:
were first discovered in shallow waters, with members of the best-characterized species
2185:
1996:
1900:
1629:
1505:
1365:
1321:
1224:
1068:
802:
710:
683:
199:
95:
82:
954:
929:
Gooday, A.J.; Bowser, S.S.; Bett, B.J.; Smith, C.R. (2000). "A large testate protist,
2561:
2086:
2058:
1874:
1671:
1571:
1385:
1370:
915:
609:
2298:
2209:
2127:
2066:
2038:
2019:
2008:
1990:
1981:
1971:
1807:
1772:
1759:
1749:
1654:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1606:
1492:
1482:
1417:
1360:
1352:
665:
469:
310:
274:
247:
172:
44:
2453:
2462:
2333:
2292:
2081:
2076:
1943:
1938:
1925:
1817:
1777:
1375:
887:
240:
195:
998:
861:
2218:
2144:
2028:
1933:
1892:
1882:
1864:
1812:
1787:
1782:
1614:
1584:
1538:
1520:
1510:
907:
682:
Høgslund, S.; Cedhagen, T.; Bowser, S.S.; Risgaard-Petersen, N. (April 2017).
648:
631:
601:
405:
mineral grains accumulate inside the cell – another characteristic feature of
362:
organisms’ growth. The temperature tolerance of deep-sea Gromia is uncertain.
2283:
700:
2071:
2033:
1736:
1546:
1463:
302:
236:
69:
869:
719:
657:
630:
Matz, M.V.; Frank, T.M.; Marshall, N.J.; Widder, E.A.; Johnsen, S. (2008).
1148:
1076:
973:
Aranda da Silva, A.; Gooday, A.J. (2009). "Large organic-walled
Protista (
785:
Hedley, R.H.; Bertaud, W.S. (1962). "Electron-microscopic observations of
2447:
2277:
2238:
2234:
2132:
1744:
1719:
1455:
1310:
1263:
1179:
125:
115:
105:
2325:
2222:
1848:
216:
191:
2338:
892:
from the Arabian Sea revealed by small subunit rDNA sequence analysis"
2242:
1016:
977:) in the Arabian Sea: Density, diversity, distribution and ecology".
2482:
2254:
2312:
358:
has been shown to tolerate a temperature range of 0–30 °C.
2258:
1152:
1051:
Arnold, Z.M. (1966). "Observations on the sexual generation of
979:
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
935:
Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
881:
879:
577:
Rothe, N.; Gooday, A.J.; Cedhagen, T.; Hughes, J. Alan (2011).
886:
Aranda da Silva, A.; Pawlowski, J.; Gooday, A.J. (2006).
583:(Protista, Rhizaria) in the deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean)"
175:, which inhabit marine and freshwater environments. It is the
677:
675:
731:
729:
246:
Deep-sea gromiids have also been shown to be important for
388:), “sausage shaped”, “grape-shaped”, or pear-shaped (e.g.
933:
sp. nov. (order Filosea), from the bathyal Arabian Sea".
816:
814:
812:
684:"Sinks and sources of intracellular nitrate in Gromiids"
632:"Giant deep-sea protist produces bilaterian-like traces"
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
968:
966:
964:
625:
623:
621:
619:
277:
or Filosea, as noted in a review by Cifelli (1990).
215:
often found inhabiting rock surfaces, sediments, or
2437:
2267:
2169:
2118:
2057:
2018:
1980:
1969:
1924:
1891:
1873:
1862:
1845:
1800:
1758:
1735:
1728:
1717:
1605:
1570:
1537:
1491:
1480:
1454:
1433:
1426:
1415:
1384:
1351:
1330:
1320:
1307:
736:Hayward, B.W.; le Coze, F.; Gross, O. (2018).
1010:
1008:
198:that extend out from the cell's proteinaceous
1164:
768:Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research
8:
579:"Biodiversity and distribution of the genus
392:). Test shape is often used for classifying
171:is a genus of protists, closely related to
2255:
1977:
1966:
1870:
1859:
1855:
1842:
1732:
1725:
1714:
1602:
1567:
1534:
1498:
1488:
1477:
1430:
1423:
1412:
1327:
1317:
1304:
1171:
1157:
1149:
31:
20:
709:
699:
647:
1099:World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
226:species being described and recognized.
554:
265:were first described in the 1835, with
229:A recent study of the deep-sea species
289:The first molecular studies involving
545:Gooday, Bowser, Bett & Smith 2000
7:
2519:57c2f918-aeab-46c7-b325-8860ae199ff7
2388:27884a44-33b0-41fd-af7d-9500e7368c96
1069:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01863.x
803:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1962.tb02585.x
309:was shown to be a sister group to
14:
333:. Additional species of deep-sea
56:
1:
955:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00100-9
313:. Moreover, within the genus
1015:da Silva, A.A. (2005).
888:"High diversity of deep-sea
273:were regarded as members of
1057:The Journal of Protozoology
791:The Journal of Protozoology
746:World Foraminifera Database
2589:
999:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.027
862:10.1078/143446103322454112
465:Brooks & Kellner, 1908
2204:
1965:
1858:
1841:
1713:
1601:
1533:
1501:
1476:
1411:
1303:
1187:
908:10.1007/s00227-005-0071-9
688:Frontiers in Microbiology
649:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028
602:10.1007/s00300-010-0859-z
53:Scientific classification
51:
39:
30:
23:
701:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00617
462:Gromia appendiculariae
2409:Paleobiology Database
1131:Université de Genevè
428:Practical importance
390:G. pyriforminis
2217:organization type:
991:2009DSRII..56..422A
947:2000DSRII..47...55G
831:Acta Protozoologica
342:Habitat and ecology
194:, producing filose
1851:
1847:
1034:Journal of Anatomy
521:Schlumberger, 1845
2555:
2554:
2527:Open Tree of Life
2396:Open Tree of Life
2261:Taxon identifiers
2252:
2251:
2235:heliozoan amoebae
2227:amoeboflagellates
2191:Labyrinthomyxidae
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2110:Globigerinitoidea
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1796:
1795:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1620:Phaeogymnocellida
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1529:
1528:
1516:Paracercomonadida
1472:
1471:
1407:
1406:
642:(23): 1849–1854.
478:Gromia dujardinii
386:G. oviformis
356:G. oviformis
352:G. oviformis
295:G. oviformis
267:G. oviformis
164:
163:
160:
141:
16:Genus of protists
2580:
2548:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2522:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2498:
2486:
2485:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2430:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2256:
2044:Silicoloculinida
1978:
1974:
1967:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1823:Plasmodiophorida
1733:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1603:
1580:Thaumatomonadida
1568:
1535:
1499:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1431:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1328:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1216:
1196:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1133:. Archived from
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1053:Gromia oviformis
1048:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1003:
1002:
985:(6–7): 422–433.
970:
959:
958:
931:Gromia sphaerica
926:
920:
919:
883:
874:
873:
856:(3–4): 341–358.
845:
839:
838:
818:
807:
806:
787:Gromia oviformis
782:
776:
775:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
733:
724:
723:
713:
703:
679:
670:
669:
651:
627:
614:
613:
587:
574:
542:Gromia sphaerica
529:Cienkowski, 1876
510:Gromia granulata
502:Gromia solenopus
494:Gromia granulata
486:Gromia fluvialis
454:Gromia oviformis
330:Gromia sphaerica
293:, which sampled
286:
258:History of study
232:Gromia sphaerica
212:Gromia oviformus
155:
139:
61:
60:
35:
21:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2568:Rhizaria genera
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2530:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2263:
2253:
2248:
2231:testate amoebae
2200:
2149:
2114:
2093:Globotruncanida
2053:
2014:
1970:
1953:
1920:
1916:Symphyacanthida
1887:
1863:
1846:
1829:
1792:
1768:Claustrosporida
1754:
1718:
1681:
1589:
1566:
1525:
1481:
1468:
1450:
1416:
1403:
1380:
1347:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1214:
1192:
1183:
1177:
1140:
1138:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1014:
1013:
1006:
972:
971:
962:
928:
927:
923:
885:
884:
877:
847:
846:
842:
820:
819:
810:
784:
783:
779:
765:
764:
760:
750:
748:
740:Gromia dujardin
735:
734:
727:
681:
680:
673:
636:Current Biology
629:
628:
617:
585:
576:
575:
556:
552:
534:Gromia schulzei
526:Gromia paludosa
446:
444:List of species
430:
415:
379:
344:
284:
260:
252:denitrification
154:
138:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2536:
2523:
2513:
2500:
2487:
2474:
2459:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2289:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2239:sporozoan-like
2215:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2196:Rhizoplasmidae
2193:
2188:
2186:Gymnosphaerida
2183:
2175:
2173:
2171:Incertae sedis
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2120:Incertae sedis
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2105:Guembelitriida
2101:
2099:Heterohelicida
2095:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1999:
1997:Xenophyophorea
1994:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1906:Chaunocanthida
1903:
1901:Arthracanthida
1897:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1853:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1677:Ventricleftida
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:Phaeosphaerida
1627:
1622:
1611:
1609:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1552:Spongomonadida
1549:
1543:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:Glissomonadida
1502:
1496:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1394:Chlorarachnida
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1366:Desmothoracida
1363:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1322:Reticulofilosa
1315:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:Mesomycetozoea
1286:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1225:Diaphoretickes
1222:
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1202:
1197:
1189:
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1185:
1184:
1182:classification
1178:
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1146:
1123:Fabien (ed.).
1118:
1117:External links
1115:
1113:
1112:
1082:
1043:
1040:(Part 2): 377.
1024:
1004:
960:
941:(1–2): 55–73.
921:
902:(4): 769–777.
896:Marine Biology
875:
840:
808:
789:(Sarcodina)".
777:
758:
725:
694:(April): 617.
671:
615:
553:
551:
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538:
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518:Gromia hyalina
514:
506:
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489:Dujardin, 1837
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481:Schultze, 1854
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457:Dujardin, 1835
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2117:
2111:
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2100:
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2087:Globigerinida
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
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2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2059:Globothalamea
2056:
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1890:
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1875:Sticholonchea
1872:
1869:
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1672:Tectofilosida
1670:
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1645:Phaeoconchida
1643:
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1572:Silicofilosea
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1521:Cercomonadida
1519:
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1497:
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1446:Metromonadida
1444:
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1432:
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1425:
1422:
1419:
1414:
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1389:
1387:
1386:Chlorarachnea
1383:
1377:
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1371:Leucodictyida
1369:
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1215:(major groups
1213:
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1206:
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1201:
1198:
1195:
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1190:
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1154:
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1137:on 2004-12-22
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867:
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844:
841:
837:(4): 303–311.
836:
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590:Polar Biology
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513:Schulze, 1875
512:
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497:Schulze, 1875
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137:
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68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
46:
43:(1) and some
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2438:
2268:
2210:paraphyletic
2180:Lapot gusevi
2178:
2170:
2139:Heterogromia
2137:
2128:Involutinida
2119:
2067:Textulariida
2049:Ammodiscidae
2039:Spirillinida
2020:Tubothalamea
2009:Reticulomyxa
2007:
2002:Astrorhizida
1991:Allogromiida
1982:Monothalamea
1972:Foraminifera
1926:Polycystinea
1911:Holocanthida
1808:Vampyrellida
1773:Haplosporida
1760:Ascetosporea
1750:Reticulosida
1655:Cryomonadida
1640:Phaeogromida
1635:Phaeocalpida
1625:Phaeocystida
1607:Thecofilosea
1562:Variglissida
1557:Marimonadida
1493:Sarcomonadea
1483:Ventrifilosa
1434:Metromonadea
1418:Monadofilosa
1361:Cryptofilida
1353:Granofilosea
1338:Aquavolonida
1274:Opisthokonta
1139:. Retrieved
1135:the original
1125:
1103:. Retrieved
1098:
1092:
1085:
1063:(1): 23–27.
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1017:
982:
978:
974:
938:
934:
930:
924:
899:
895:
889:
853:
849:
843:
834:
830:
827:foraminifera
826:
822:
797:(1): 79–87.
794:
790:
786:
780:
771:
767:
761:
749:. Retrieved
745:
739:
691:
687:
639:
635:
596:(1): 69–81.
593:
589:
580:
540:
537:Norman, 1892
532:
524:
516:
508:
505:Zarnik, 1907
500:
492:
484:
476:
473:Gruber, 1884
470:Gromia dubia
468:
460:
452:
447:
438:G. sphaerica
437:
435:
431:
422:G. oviformis
421:
417:
416:
406:
403:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
371:
365:
364:
360:
355:
351:
347:
345:
334:
328:
324:
323:
318:
314:
311:Foraminifera
306:
298:
294:
290:
288:
280:
279:
275:Foraminifera
270:
266:
262:
261:
245:
230:
228:
223:
210:
206:
205:
187:
183:
173:foraminifera
167:
166:
165:
150:
149:
135:
89:
76:
40:
24:
18:
2463:Wikispecies
2334:iNaturalist
2293:Wikispecies
2243:fungus-like
2219:flagellates
2082:Carterinida
2077:Robertinida
1944:Spumellaria
1939:Nassellaria
1818:Phagomyxida
1801:Proteomyxia
1778:Mikrocytida
1376:Limnofilida
1331:Skiomonadea
751:26 February
377:Description
301:within the
241:Precambrian
196:pseudopodia
140:Reuss, 1862
2562:Categories
2145:Komokiacea
2029:Fusulinida
1934:Collodaria
1893:Acantharea
1883:Taxopodida
1865:Radiolaria
1813:Phytomyxea
1788:Paramyxida
1783:Paradinida
1615:Phaeodarea
1585:Euglyphida
1539:Imbricatea
1511:Katabiidae
1399:Minorisida
1141:2021-11-26
1129:(Images).
774:(27): 106.
550:References
413:Life cycle
285:membranes.
177:only genus
2573:Amoeboids
2469:Gromiidae
2454:Q25368163
2439:Gromiidae
2072:Rotaliida
2034:Miliolida
1737:Gromiidea
1729:Marimyxia
1651:Eothecia
1547:Krakenida
1464:Helkesida
1441:Metopiida
1343:Tremulida
1269:Amoebozoa
1247:Alveolata
1235:Cryptista
1210:Eukaryota
448:Sources:
303:Gromiidea
237:Bilateria
220:holdfasts
184:Gromiidae
136:Gromiidae
116:Gromiidea
70:Eukaryota
2448:Wikidata
2313:46592220
2278:Wikidata
2214:†extinct
2133:Lagenida
1949:Orodaria
1745:Gromiida
1720:Endomyxa
1665:Matazida
1660:Ebriacea
1456:Helkesea
1427:Eoglissa
1311:Cercozoa
1264:Amorphea
1242:Rhizaria
1230:Hacrobia
1220:Excavata
1205:Bacteria
1180:Rhizaria
1105:30 March
916:85334023
870:14658494
720:28473806
658:19026540
610:22228614
157:Dujardin
132:Family:
126:Gromiida
106:Endomyxa
102:Phylum:
66:Domain:
2532:6137282
2401:6137283
2352:1369119
2326:3212308
2284:Q288010
2223:amoebae
1849:Retaria
1279:Animals
1200:Archaea
1077:5912388
987:Bibcode
943:Bibcode
850:Protist
711:5397464
666:8819675
217:seaweed
192:ameboid
179:of the
146:Genus:
122:Order:
112:Class:
2545:136748
2516:NZOR:
2496:115239
2427:111984
2414:164756
2385:NZOR:
2339:424899
2299:Gromia
2269:Gromia
1313:
1309:
1257:Plants
1194:Domain
1126:Gromia
1101:. 2012
1093:Gromia
1075:
975:Gromia
914:
890:Gromia
868:
823:Gromia
718:
708:
664:
656:
608:
581:Gromia
418:Gromia
407:Gromia
399:Gromia
394:Gromia
382:Gromia
366:Gromia
348:Gromia
335:Gromia
325:Gromia
319:Gromia
315:Gromia
307:Gromia
299:Gromia
291:Gromia
281:Gromia
271:Gromia
263:Gromia
224:Gromia
207:Gromia
188:Gromia
181:family
168:Gromia
159:, 1835
151:Gromia
47:(2–7)
41:Gromia
25:Gromia
2540:WoRMS
2509:44002
2491:IRMNG
2422:WoRMS
2378:35216
2365:44003
2347:IRMNG
1284:Fungi
912:S2CID
662:S2CID
606:S2CID
586:(PDF)
243:era.
90:Clade
77:Clade
2504:ITIS
2483:2328
2478:GBIF
2373:NCBI
2360:ITIS
2321:GBIF
1107:2020
1073:PMID
866:PMID
825:and
753:2020
716:PMID
654:PMID
250:and
200:test
190:are
2308:EoL
1065:doi
1055:".
1038:103
995:doi
951:doi
904:doi
900:148
858:doi
854:154
829:".
799:doi
706:PMC
696:doi
644:doi
598:doi
350:is
96:SAR
2564::
2542::
2529::
2506::
2493::
2480::
2465::
2450::
2424::
2411::
2398::
2375::
2362::
2349::
2336::
2323::
2310::
2295::
2280::
2241:;
2237:;
2233:;
2229:;
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1097:.
1071:.
1061:13
1059:.
1036:.
1007:^
993:.
983:56
981:.
963:^
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939:47
937:.
910:.
898:.
894:.
878:^
864:.
852:.
835:43
833:.
811:^
793:.
770:.
744:.
728:^
714:.
704:.
690:.
686:.
674:^
660:.
652:.
640:18
638:.
634:.
618:^
604:.
594:34
592:.
588:.
557:^
409:.
401:.
254:.
186:.
92::
79::
2245:.
2208:*
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2091:â€
2027:â€
2004:*
1993:*
1984:*
1495:*
1324:*
1291:)
1172:e
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1144:.
1109:.
1095:"
1091:"
1079:.
1067::
1001:.
997::
989::
957:.
953::
945::
918:.
906::
872:.
860::
805:.
801::
795:9
772:1
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742:"
738:"
722:.
698::
692:8
668:.
646::
612:.
600::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
