63:
54:
142:
running along the back of the tongue that focuses the airstream on the teeth, producing a more intense sound. This is accomplished by raising the sides of the back of the tongue ("lateral contraction") and leaving a hollow along the mid-line. It is not clear if all sibilants are grooved to at least
143:
some extent. Catford (1977) observed that the degree of tongue grooving differs between places of articulation as well as between languages; however, no language is known to contrast sibilants based purely on the presence or absence of tongue grooving.
494:
154:, which allows various tongue positions without apparent distinction, may also receive its characteristic quality from having a grooved tongue shape.
170:
359:
178:
245:, is pronounced by some speakers without rounded lips for whom the characteristic quality is rather one of sulcality (Lass 1984: 124).
487:
397:
378:
328:
255:
744:
1161:
518:
162:
has also been reported to show tongue grooving in
English, despite being a non-sibilant fricative (Stone & Lundberg 1996).
717:
712:
260:, is actually a sulcal schwa, retaining the sulcality of the original rhotic consonant. Accordingly, the realization of the
1151:
219:
724:
707:
699:
480:
125:
77:
739:
734:
149:
729:
1004:
157:
85:
651:
596:
133:
762:
581:
514:
229:
Vowels may also be sulcalized, which has been described as giving them a "throaty" sound (Jones 1967: 82). The
965:
960:
871:
436:
Stone, M.; Lundberg, A. (1996). "Three-dimensional tongue surface shapes of
English consonants and vowels".
232:
62:
53:
982:
792:
591:
566:
510:
277:
273:
269:
238:
191:
39:
571:
548:
526:
1009:
972:
684:
445:
261:
253:
230:
176:
168:
155:
147:
131:
123:
83:
75:
1080:
950:
927:
676:
629:
601:
1156:
945:
778:
586:
543:
424:
306:
116:
183:, has also been described as being produced with accompanying sulcalization (Lowman 1932: 278).
1067:
1024:
901:
866:
689:
656:
624:
558:
461:
393:
374:
355:
324:
263:
214:
have become and , respectively. A similar sound change also took place in the history of the
203:
165:
1092:
1085:
940:
896:
891:
754:
666:
643:
619:
576:
535:
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347:
215:
120:
1057:
955:
935:
876:
844:
661:
449:
1029:
301:
100:
1145:
1115:
1075:
1019:
992:
242:
248:
One scholar has also suggested that the vowel in the RP pronunciation of words like
1125:
1044:
1034:
1014:
17:
1130:
1120:
1110:
997:
854:
351:
199:
913:
71:
292:, is interpreted as the product of a loss of sulcality (Erickson 2003: 197).
1102:
908:
859:
819:
814:
801:
198:
is the development of such a groove in a non-sulcal consonant. For example,
187:
112:
465:
836:
824:
344:
Studies in the
History of the English Language: A Millennial Perspective
809:
428:
226:
to in
Japanese is a different process and does not occur in Senufo.)
457:
420:
849:
476:
472:
338:
Erickson, Blaine (2003). "On the development of
English
1101:
1066:
1043:
981:
926:
835:
800:
791:
771:
753:
698:
675:
642:
612:
557:
534:
525:
407:Lowman, G. S. (1932). "The phonetics of Albanian".
37:
32:
342:". In Minkova, Donka; Stockwell, Robert (eds.).
115:, is the pronunciation of a sound, typically a
488:
8:
438:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
390:Phonology: an introduction to basic concepts
797:
609:
531:
495:
481:
473:
346:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 183–206.
29:
7:
268:-element of the centring diphthongs
241:, which is normally described as a
25:
321:Fundamental Problems in Phonetics
61:
52:
519:International Phonetic Alphabet
371:The phoneme: its nature and use
392:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
323:. Indiana University Press.
352:10.1515/9783110197143.2.183
1178:
887:
508:
202:triggered this effect in
252:, typically transcribed
369:Jones, Daniel (2009) .
319:Catford, J. C. (1977).
107:'groove'), also called
82:, which is sulcal, and
1162:Secondary articulation
511:Articulatory phonetics
239:Received Pronunciation
192:historical linguistics
104:
685:Pharyngeal/epiglottal
1152:Fricative consonants
1010:Labio-palatalization
388:Lass, Roger (1984).
700:Double articulation
450:1996ASAJ...99.3728S
307:Tillamook language
206:, where historic *
117:sibilant consonant
1139:
1138:
1025:Pharyngealization
922:
921:
787:
786:
745:Uvular–epiglottal
638:
637:
361:978-3-11-017368-0
280:in words such as
109:internal rounding
46:
45:
18:Grooved consonant
16:(Redirected from
1169:
1093:Voice onset time
798:
718:Labial–retroflex
610:
532:
497:
490:
483:
474:
469:
458:10.1121/1.414969
444:(6): 3728–3737.
432:
403:
384:
365:
334:
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
236:
216:Senufo languages
182:
174:
161:
153:
137:
129:
89:
81:
65:
56:
42:
41:
30:
27:Phonetic feature
21:
1177:
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1168:
1167:
1166:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1097:
1062:
1039:
984:
977:
918:
883:
831:
783:
767:
749:
713:Labial–alveolar
694:
671:
652:Alveolo-palatal
634:
608:
597:Palato-alveolar
553:
521:
515:Co-articulation
504:
501:
435:
406:
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387:
381:
368:
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337:
331:
318:
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94:
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23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1030:Glottalization
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:Palatalization
1002:
1001:
1000:
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987:
979:
978:
976:
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968:
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948:
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829:
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795:
789:
788:
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784:
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781:
775:
773:
769:
768:
766:
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763:Velopharyngeal
759:
757:
751:
750:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
725:Labial–palatal
722:
721:
720:
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708:Labial–coronal
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633:
632:
627:
622:
616:
614:
607:
606:
605:
604:
599:
589:
584:
582:Denti-alveolar
579:
574:
569:
563:
561:
555:
554:
552:
551:
546:
540:
538:
529:
523:
522:
509:
506:
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499:
492:
485:
477:
471:
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433:
421:10.2307/408833
415:(4): 271–293.
404:
398:
385:
379:
366:
360:
335:
329:
314:
311:
310:
309:
304:
302:Tongue rolling
297:
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220:palatalization
138:, with a deep
90:, which is not
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60:
59:
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50:
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35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1050:
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1042:
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1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Uvularization
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
994:
993:Labialization
991:
990:
988:
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974:
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764:
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746:
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740:Coronal–velar
738:
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735:Labial–uvular
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723:
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399:9780521237284
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380:9780521108072
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330:0-253-32520-X
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201:
197:
196:sulcalization
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172:
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144:
141:
135:
127:
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118:
114:
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102:
98:
97:Sulcalization
87:
79:
73:
64:
55:
36:
31:
19:
1052:
1045:Tongue shape
1035:Nasalization
1015:Velarization
985:articulation
755:Pathological
730:Labial–velar
613:Active place
592:Postalveolar
567:Linguolabial
503:Articulation
441:
437:
412:
408:
389:
370:
343:
339:
320:
289:
285:
281:
249:
247:
228:
223:
211:
207:
200:close vowels
195:
185:
164:
145:
139:
108:
96:
95:
855:Approximant
572:Interdental
549:Labiodental
72:Palatograms
1146:Categories
983:Secondary
973:Percussive
941:Ingressive
914:Continuant
373:. Heffer.
313:References
175:, but not
119:, such as
33:Sulcalized
1157:Phonetics
1103:Phonation
1081:Aspirated
1076:Voiceless
951:Implosive
936:Egressive
928:Airstream
909:Occlusive
860:Semivowel
820:Fricative
815:Affricate
802:Obstruent
677:Laryngeal
630:Subapical
602:Retroflex
237:vowel of
188:phonology
113:phonetics
998:Rounding
966:Ejective
961:Pulmonic
946:Ejective
872:Tap/flap
837:Sonorant
825:Sibilant
779:Bidental
587:Alveolar
544:Bilabial
409:Language
296:See also
204:Japanese
166:Albanian
146:English
1116:Breathy
902:Lateral
867:Vibrant
810:Plosive
690:Glottal
657:Palatal
625:Laminal
559:Coronal
466:8655804
446:Bibcode
243:rounded
218:. (The
121:English
1126:Creaky
1086:Tenuis
1053:Sulcal
897:Rhotic
892:Liquid
793:Manner
667:Uvular
644:Dorsal
620:Apical
577:Dental
536:Labial
464:
429:408833
427:
396:
377:
358:
327:
140:groove
105:sulcus
99:(from
1131:Stiff
1121:Slack
1111:Modal
1068:Voice
1058:Domed
956:Click
877:Trill
850:Vowel
845:Nasal
772:Other
662:Velar
527:Place
425:JSTOR
290:scare
278:/ɛə̯/
274:/ʊə̯/
270:/ɪə̯/
258:]
254:[
210:and *
111:, in
101:Latin
88:]
84:[
80:]
76:[
462:PMID
394:ISBN
375:ISBN
356:ISBN
325:ISBN
288:and
286:pure
282:near
250:bird
222:of *
190:and
130:and
454:doi
417:doi
348:doi
224:tsi
186:In
74:of
1148::
517:–
513:–
460:.
452:.
442:99
440:.
423:.
411:.
354:.
284:,
276:,
272:,
212:ti
208:tu
194:,
103::
40:◌ᵓ
496:e
489:t
482:v
468:.
456::
448::
431:.
419::
413:8
402:.
383:.
364:.
350::
340:r
333:.
266:/
264:É™
262:/
256:Éś
235:/
233:É’
231:/
181:/
179:l
177:/
173:/
171:É«
169:/
160:/
158:θ
156:/
152:/
150:Éą
148:/
136:/
134:z
132:/
128:/
126:s
124:/
86:θ
78:s
20:)
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