520:
essentially frame-dependent quantities. This prompted the abandonment of the concept as superfluous in the fundamental sciences such as physics and chemistry. Nonetheless, the concept remained important in the teaching of physics. The ambiguities introduced by relativity led, starting in the 1960s, to considerable debate in the teaching community as how to define weight for their students, choosing between a nominal definition of weight as the force due to gravity or an operational definition defined by the act of weighing.
55:
1286:
1151:, an object can have a significantly different weight than on Earth. The gravity on the surface of the Moon is only about one-sixth as strong as on the surface of the Earth. A one-kilogram mass is still a one-kilogram mass (as mass is an intrinsic property of the object) but the downward force due to gravity, and therefore its weight, is only one-sixth of what the object would have on Earth. So a man of mass 180
534:
936:
715:
724:
894:. When the chosen frame is co-moving with the object in question then this definition precisely agrees with the operational definition. If the specified frame is the surface of the Earth, the weight according to the ISO and gravitational definitions differ only by the centrifugal effects due to the rotation of the Earth.
771:. However, being in free fall does not affect the weight according to the gravitational definition. Therefore, the operational definition is sometimes refined by requiring that the object be at rest. However, this raises the issue of defining "at rest" (usually being at rest with respect to the Earth is implied by using
1320:). Since the local force of gravity can vary by up to 0.5% at different locations, spring scales will measure slightly different weights for the same object (the same mass) at different locations. To standardize weights, scales are always calibrated to read the weight an object would have at a nominal
1350:
mechanism – a lever-balance. The standard masses are often referred to, non-technically, as "weights". Since any variations in gravity will act equally on the unknown and the known weights, a lever-balance will indicate the same value at any location on Earth. Therefore, balance "weights" are usually
991:
on matter: it measures how strongly the force of gravity pulls on that matter. However, in most practical everyday situations the word "weight" is used when, strictly, "mass" is meant. For example, most people would say that an object "weighs one kilogram", even though the kilogram is a unit of mass.
1898:
Considerable confusion exists in the use of the term "weight". In commercial and everyday use, the term "weight" nearly always means mass. In science and technology "weight" has primarily meant a force due to gravity. In scientific and technical work, the term "weight" should be replaced by the term
1355:
units, so the lever-balance measures mass by comparing the Earth's attraction on the unknown object and standard masses in the scale pans. In the absence of a gravitational field, away from planetary bodies (e.g. space), a lever-balance would not work, but on the Moon, for example, it would give the
455:
made significant advances in the concept of weight. He proposed a way to measure the difference between the weight of a moving object and an object at rest. Ultimately, he concluded weight was proportionate to the amount of matter of an object, not the speed of motion as supposed by the
Aristotelean
1359:
If the actual force of gravity on the object is needed, this can be calculated by multiplying the mass measured by the balance by the acceleration due to gravity – either standard gravity (for everyday work) or the precise local gravity (for precision work). Tables of the gravitational acceleration
762:
is the downward force on the body by the centre of earth and there is no acceleration in the body, there exists an opposite and equal force by the support on the body. Also it is equal to the force exerted by the body on its support because action and reaction have same numerical value and opposite
519:
put all observers, moving or accelerating, on the same footing. This led to an ambiguity as to what exactly is meant by the force of gravity and weight. A scale in an accelerating elevator cannot be distinguished from a scale in a gravitational field. Gravitational force and weight thereby became
483:
Newton considered time and space to be absolute. This allowed him to consider concepts as true position and true velocity. Newton also recognized that weight as measured by the action of weighing was affected by environmental factors such as buoyancy. He considered this a false weight induced by
413:
According to
Aristotle, weight was the direct cause of the falling motion of an object, the speed of the falling object was supposed to be directly proportionate to the weight of the object. As medieval scholars discovered that in practice the speed of a falling object increased with time, this
1356:
same reading as on Earth. Some balances are marked in weight units, but since the weights are calibrated at the factory for standard gravity, the balance will measure standard weight, i.e. what the object would weigh at standard gravity, not the actual local force of gravity on the object.
480:, while weight became identified with the force of gravity on an object and therefore dependent on the context of the object. In particular, Newton considered weight to be relative to another object causing the gravitational pull, e.g. the weight of the Earth towards the Sun.
1264:, regardless of whether this is due to being stationary in the presence of gravity, or, if the person is in motion, the result of any other forces acting on the body such as in the case of acceleration or deceleration of a lift, or centrifugal forces when turning sharply.
995:
The distinction between mass and weight is unimportant for many practical purposes because the strength of gravity does not vary too much on the surface of the Earth. In a uniform gravitational field, the gravitational force exerted on an object (its weight) is
1406:. The values in the table have not been de-rated for the centrifugal effect of planet rotation (and cloud-top wind speeds for the giant planets) and therefore, generally speaking, are similar to the actual gravity that would be experienced near the poles.
1000:
to its mass. For example, object A weighs 10 times as much as object B, so therefore the mass of object A is 10 times greater than that of object B. This means that an object's mass can be measured indirectly by its weight, and so, for everyday purposes,
908:
In many real world situations the act of weighing may produce a result that differs from the ideal value provided by the definition used. This is usually referred to as the apparent weight of the object. A common example of this is the effect of
378:. In the teaching community, a considerable debate has existed for over half a century on how to define weight for their students. The current situation is that a multiple set of concepts co-exist and find use in their various contexts.
1332:
ft/s). However, this calibration is done at the factory. When the scale is moved to another location on Earth, the force of gravity will be different, causing a slight error. So to be highly accurate and legal for commerce,
363:. Although weight and mass are scientifically distinct quantities, the terms are often confused with each other in everyday use (e.g. comparing and converting force weight in pounds to mass in kilograms and vice versa).
1013:
measures mass indirectly by comparing the weight of the measured item to that of an object(s) of known mass. Since the measured item and the comparison mass are in virtually the same location, so experiencing the same
1182:
In commercial and everyday use, the term "weight" is usually used to mean mass, and the verb "to weigh" means "to determine the mass of" or "to have a mass of". Used in this sense, the proper SI unit is the
873:
When the reference frame is Earth, this quantity comprises not only the local gravitational force, but also the local centrifugal force due to the rotation of the Earth, a force which varies with latitude.
410:, who defined weight as: "the heaviness or lightness of one thing, compared to another, as measured by a balance." Operational balances (rather than definitions) had, however, been around much longer.
2070:
International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) – Vocabulaire international de métrologie – Concepts fondamentaux et généraux et termes associés (VIM)
398:, weight and levity represented the tendency to restore the natural order of the basic elements: air, earth, fire and water. He ascribed absolute weight to earth and absolute levity to fire.
921:
and mechanical suspension. When the gravitational definition of weight is used, the operational weight measured by an accelerating scale is often also referred to as the apparent weight.
1029:). These variations alter the relationship between weight and mass, and must be taken into account in high-precision weight measurements that are intended to indirectly measure mass.
282:
328:
force exerted on a body by mechanisms that counteract the effects of gravity: the weight is the quantity that is measured by, for example, a spring scale. Thus, in a state of
592:
The most common definition of weight found in introductory physics textbooks defines weight as the force exerted on a body by gravity. This is often expressed in the formula
775:). In the operational definition, the weight of an object at rest on the surface of the Earth is lessened by the effect of the centrifugal force from the Earth's rotation.
917:
the displacement of the fluid will cause an upward force on the object, making it appear lighter when weighed on a scale. The apparent weight may be similarly affected by
850:
2091:
495:
Although
Newtonian physics made a clear distinction between weight and mass, the term weight continued to be commonly used when people meant mass. This led the 3rd
231:
201:
2331:
2132:
795:
87:
1611:
740:
indirectly measures mass, by comparing an object to references. On the Moon, an object would give the same reading, because the object and references would
1033:, which measure local weight, must be calibrated at the location at which the objects will be used to show this standard weight, to be legal for commerce.
621:
496:
959:, as weight is equal to the object's mass multiplied with the acceleration due to gravity): because these forces are equal, the object is in a state of
324:
acting on the object. Others define weight as a scalar quantity, the magnitude of the gravitational force. Yet others define it as the magnitude of the
359:. For example, an object with a mass of one kilogram has a weight of about 9.8 newtons on the surface of the Earth, and about one-sixth as much on the
469:
736:
measures weight, by seeing how much the object pushes on a spring (inside the device). On the Moon, an object would give a lower reading. Right: A
650:
This resolution defines weight as a vector, since force is a vector quantity. However, some textbooks also take weight to be a scalar by defining:
1230:
is a non-SI unit of force, defined as the force exerted by a one-kilogram mass in standard Earth gravity (equal to 9.80665 newtons exactly). The
798:
International standard ISO 80000-4:2006, describing the basic physical quantities and units in mechanics as a part of the
International standard
1366:
is a term that is generally found in commerce or trade applications, and refers to the total weight of a product and its packaging. Conversely,
1036:
This table shows the variation of acceleration due to gravity (and hence the variation of weight) at various locations on the Earth's surface.
2208:
2155:
1843:
1818:
1766:
507:: the weight of a body is the product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity", thus distinguishing it from mass for official usage.
1199:, the pound can be either a unit of force or a unit of mass. Related units used in some distinct, separate subsystems of units include the
976:
406:, with the conflict between the two determining if an object sinks or floats. The first operational definition of weight was given by
143:
132:
548:
544:
2175:
1874:
1793:
1346:
on the other hand, compares the weight of an unknown object in one scale pan to the weight of standard masses in the other, using a
451:
led to the resurgence of the
Platonic idea that like objects attract but in the context of heavenly bodies. In the 17th century,
414:
prompted a change to the concept of weight to maintain this cause-effect relationship. Weight was split into a "still weight" or
1905:
The use of the verb "to weigh" meaning "to determine the mass of", e.g., "I weighed this object and determined its mass to be 5
782:, which reduces the measured weight of an object when it is immersed in a fluid such as air or water. As a result, a floating
1398:
of the Sun, the Earth's moon, each of the planets in the solar system. The "surface" is taken to mean the cloud tops of the
1196:
1168:
997:
352:
2266:"The NIST Guide for the use of the International System of Units, Section 8: Comments on Some Quantities and Their Units"
2351:
This value excludes the adjustment for centrifugal force due to Earth’s rotation and is therefore greater than the 9.806
2032:
2024:
1985:
1945:
1923:
1238:
unit of force and is not a part of SI, while weights measured in the cgs unit of mass, the gram, remain a part of SI.
614:
465:
879:
In common parlance, the name "weight" continues to be used where "mass" is meant, but this practice is deprecated.
560:
515:
In the 20th century, the
Newtonian concepts of absolute time and space were challenged by relativity. Einstein's
1140:
terms "atomic weight", "molecular weight", and "formula weight", can still be found rather than the preferred "
448:
387:
332:, the weight would be zero. In this sense of weight, terrestrial objects can be weightless: so if one ignores
2123:
472:
led to considerable further development of the concept of weight. Weight became fundamentally separate from
39:
2224:
Galili, Igal (1993). "Weight and gravity: teachers' ambiguity and students' confusion about the concepts".
1279:
1235:
1136:
The historical use of "weight" for "mass" also persists in some scientific terminology – for example, the
960:
247:
54:
763:
direction. This can make a considerable difference, depending on the details; for example, an object in
516:
2233:
2041:
1994:
1954:
1709:
1659:
1370:
refers to the weight of the product alone, discounting the weight of its container or packaging; and
918:
367:
240:
2068:
1650:
669:
The gravitational acceleration varies from place to place. Sometimes, it is simply taken to have a
344:
321:
1700:
Igal Galili (2001). "Weight versus gravitational force: historical and educational perspectives".
2085:
1892:
The
National Standard of Canada, CAN/CSA-Z234.1-89 Canadian Metric Practice Guide, January 1989:
1758:
1725:
930:
891:
325:
154:
1866:
1860:
1385:
1026:
818:
2323:
2204:
2198:
2171:
2151:
1870:
1839:
1814:
1789:
1762:
1603:
1566:
1253:
944:
437:
336:, one could say the legendary apple falling from the tree, on its way to meet the ground near
1747:
1018:, the effect of varying gravity does not affect the comparison or the resulting measurement.
2360:
2241:
2049:
2002:
1962:
1717:
1667:
1442:
1321:
964:
772:
670:
317:
2324:"Common Conversion Factors, Approximate Conversions from U.S. Customary Measures to Metric"
1223:
ft/s when one pound-force is exerted on it, and is equivalent to about 32.2 pounds (mass).
2379:
1927:
1583:
1420:
1395:
1389:
1314:
1247:
903:
678:
207:
177:
951:
acting on it. The magnitude of force that the table is pushing upward on the object (the
778:
The operational definition, as usually given, does not explicitly exclude the effects of
386:
Discussion of the concepts of heaviness (weight) and lightness (levity) date back to the
2237:
2045:
1998:
1958:
1713:
1663:
1648:
Richard C. Morrison (1999). "Weight and gravity - the need for consistent definitions".
366:
Further complications in elucidating the various concepts of weight have to do with the
1468:
1342:
1302:
1298:
1285:
1273:
1227:
1010:
1006:
768:
767:
exerts little if any force on its support, a situation that is commonly referred to as
737:
733:
640:: the weight of a body is the product of its mass and the acceleration due to gravity.
333:
72:
1402:(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). For the Sun, the surface is taken to mean the
2373:
1783:
1207:. The poundal is defined as the force necessary to accelerate an object of one-pound
1172:
799:
356:
98:
2265:
1729:
1025:
is not uniform but can vary by as much as 0.5% at different locations on Earth (see
2067:
Working Group 2 of the Joint
Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM/WG 2) (2008).
1399:
1334:
1176:
1152:
1030:
433:
337:
306:
120:
30:
This page is about the physical concept. In law, commerce, and in colloquial usage
2297:(44th ed.). Cleveland, US: Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. pp. 3480–3485.
1572:
1403:
1372:
1290:
1204:
1156:
1141:
294:
111:
1721:
1577:
1116:
476:. Mass was identified as a fundamental property of objects connected to their
399:
2245:
955:
vector) is equal to the downward force of the object's weight (shown here as
1137:
764:
395:
375:
371:
329:
17:
1920:
935:
714:
394:
described weight as the natural tendency of objects to seek their kin. To
1602:
The phrase "quantity of the same nature" is a literal translation of the
1184:
1097:
1002:
910:
779:
441:
403:
1252:
The sensation of weight is caused by the force exerted by fluids in the
1546:
1507:
1310:
1261:
1200:
1147:
In a different gravitational field, for example, on the surface of the
1059:
1022:
1015:
988:
783:
477:
452:
310:
290:
93:
2108:
2053:
1966:
723:
1671:
1533:
1520:
1078:
980:
407:
2025:"The importance of weightlessness and tides in teaching gravitation"
2006:
1752:
Standardization of
Technical Terminology: Principles and Practice –
1167:
In most modern scientific work, physical quantities are measured in
484:
imperfect measurement conditions, for which he introduced the term
1455:
1347:
1337:
must be re-calibrated at the location at which they will be used.
1306:
1284:
948:
914:
786:
or an object floating in water might be said to have zero weight.
751:
645:
Resolution 2 of the 3rd
General Conference on Weights and Measures
391:
348:
302:
2131:(NIST Special publication 330, 2019 ed.). Gaithersburg, MD:
1219:. The slug is defined as the amount of mass that accelerates at 1
390:. These were typically viewed as inherent properties of objects.
2273:
2077:
1494:
1481:
1352:
1231:
1148:
1009:) is an entirely acceptable way of measuring mass. Similarly, a
972:
473:
360:
35:
2170:
Chester, W. Mechanics. George Allen & Unwin. London. 1979.
1171:
units. The SI unit of weight is the same as that of force: the
1429:
1257:
750:
In the operational definition, the weight of an object is the
527:
370:
according to which gravity is modeled as a consequence of the
876:
The effect of atmospheric buoyancy is excluded in the weight.
1610:. Although this is an authorized translation, VIM 3 of the
2187:
ISO 80000-4:2006, Quantities and units - Part 4: Mechanics
1785:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: a Strategic Approach
2146:
Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jearl (2007).
2076:(JCGM 200:2008) (in English and French) (3rd ed.).
1836:
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
1380:
Relative weights on the Earth and other celestial bodies
1297:
Weight is commonly measured using one of two methods. A
624:(CGPM) established this as their official definition of
1788:. San Francisco, US: Addison–Wesley. pp. 100–101.
1179:
as kg⋅m/s (kilograms times metres per second squared).
556:
821:
420:, which remained constant, and the actual gravity or
250:
210:
180:
75:
1175:(N) – a derived unit which can also be expressed in
1943:Allen L. King (1963). "Weight and weightlessness".
1215:
ft/s, and is equivalent to about 1/32.2 of a pound-
975:are fundamentally different quantities: mass is an
754:measured by the operation of weighing it, which is
426:, which changed as the object fell. The concept of
239:
164:
153:
142:
131:
118:
105:
92:
64:
47:
2109:"Resolution of the 3rd meeting of the CGPM (1901)"
844:
276:
225:
195:
81:
2264:A. Thompson & B. N. Taylor (March 3, 2010) .
2150:. Vol. 1 (8th ed.). Wiley. p. 95.
2018:
2016:
1899:"mass" or "force", depending on the application.
1360:at different locations can be found on the web.
1256:, a three-dimensional set of tubes in the inner
808:
652:
630:
499:(CGPM) of 1901 to officially declare "The word
2332:National Institute of Standards and Technology
2122:David B. Newell; Eite Tiesinga, eds. (2019).
8:
2259:
2257:
2255:
1834:Serway, Raymond A.; Jewett, John W. (2008).
1612:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
1278:"Weigh" redirects here. For other uses, see
2090:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1809:Bauer, Wolfgang; Westfall, Gary D. (2011).
1748:"The weight of mass and the mess of weight"
943:resting on a surface and the corresponding
636:denotes a quantity of the same nature as a
503:denotes a quantity of the same nature as a
427:
421:
415:
316:Some standard textbooks define weight as a
2226:International Journal of Science Education
2103:
2101:
1983:A. P. French (1995). "On weightlessness".
1702:International Journal of Science Education
1643:
1641:
1639:
1396:gravitational accelerations at the surface
890:The definition is dependent on the chosen
622:General Conference on Weights and Measures
497:General Conference on Weights and Measures
2203:. Stanley Thornes Ltd. pp. 174–176.
1978:
1976:
841:
826:
820:
265:
253:
252:
249:
209:
179:
74:
2200:Principles of mechanics and biomechanics
1888:
1886:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1408:
1038:
934:
559:by adding descriptive text and removing
59:A diagram explaining the mass and weight
1938:
1936:
1921:http://www.averyweigh-tronix.com/museum
1635:
1595:
1580: – Unit of weight the English unit
971:In modern scientific usage, weight and
665:of the gravitational force on the body.
2125:The International System of Units (SI)
2083:
1813:. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 103.
1811:University Physics with Modern Physics
1376:is the weight of the packaging alone.
684:The force whose magnitude is equal to
260:
257:
254:
44:
1741:
1739:
470:Newton's law of universal gravitation
7:
658:of a body is equal to the magnitude
277:{\displaystyle {\mathsf {MLT}}^{-2}}
1054:Percentage difference from equator
863:is local acceleration of free fall.
584:, not all of which are equivalent.
402:saw weight as a quality opposed to
1750:. In Richard Alan Strehlow (ed.).
1394:The table below shows comparative
1260:. It is actually the sensation of
913:, when an object is immersed in a
756:the force it exerts on its support
25:
2295:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
1305:measures local weight, the local
1051:Absolute difference from equator
2310:Physical and Mathematical Tables
987:that results from the action of
722:
713:
532:
53:
2293:Hodgeman, Charles, ed. (1961).
2023:Galili, I.; Lehavi, Y. (2003).
1865:. US: Addison–Wesley. pp.
1569: – Person's mass or weight
947:of just the object showing the
692:(which term is abbreviated to
580:Several definitions exist for
27:Force on a mass due to gravity
1:
1838:. US: Thompson. p. 106.
1197:United States customary units
688:newtons is also known as the
353:International System of Units
1303:hydraulic or pneumatic scale
1191:Pound and other non-SI units
707:Measuring weight versus mass
610:the mass of the object, and
449:Copernican view of the world
305:acting on the object due to
2033:American Journal of Physics
1986:American Journal of Physics
1946:American Journal of Physics
1782:Knight, Randall D. (2004).
1620:quantities of the same kind
432:was eventually replaced by
2396:
1608:grandeur de la même nature
1383:
1293:, used for weighing trucks
1277:
1271:
1245:
967:acting on it sum to zero).
928:
901:
845:{\displaystyle F_{g}=mg\,}
615:gravitational acceleration
388:ancient Greek philosophers
29:
2178:. Section 3.2 at page 83.
1722:10.1080/09500690110038585
1351:calibrated and marked in
52:
2246:10.1080/0950069930150204
2080:. Note 3 to Section 1.2.
1859:Hewitt, Paul G. (2001).
1616:grandeurs de même nature
1313:on the object (strictly
1159:when visiting the Moon.
588:Gravitational definition
2270:Special Publication 811
2148:Fundamentals of Physics
1930:accessed 29 March 2013.
1614:recommends translating
561:less pertinent examples
468:and the development of
466:Newton's laws of motion
40:Weight (disambiguation)
2308:Clark, John B (1964).
1294:
1280:Weigh (disambiguation)
983:, whereas weight is a
968:
888:
846:
700:Operational definition
667:
648:
428:
422:
416:
347:for weight is that of
278:
227:
197:
83:
1288:
1155:weighs only about 30
998:directly proportional
938:
847:
517:equivalence principle
301:of an object, is the
279:
228:
198:
84:
38:. For other uses see
963:(all the forces and
939:An object with mass
819:
802:, the definition of
492:defined by gravity.
464:The introduction of
368:theory of relativity
248:
226:{\displaystyle W=ma}
208:
196:{\displaystyle W=mg}
178:
73:
2238:1993IJSEd..15..149G
2046:2003AmJPh..71.1127G
1999:1995AmJPh..63..105F
1959:1962AmJPh..30..387K
1714:2001IJSEd..23.1073G
1664:1999PhTea..37...51M
1651:The Physics Teacher
1328:m/s (approx. 32.174
1023:gravitational field
1016:gravitational field
557:improve the article
488:as compared to the
345:unit of measurement
322:gravitational force
2312:. Oliver and Boyd.
1926:2013-02-28 at the
1862:Conceptual Physics
1761:. pp. 45–48.
1759:ASTM International
1473:1 (by definition)
1295:
969:
931:Mass versus weight
892:frame of reference
885:ISO 80000-4 (2006)
842:
677:, which gives the
340:, was weightless.
274:
223:
193:
122:SI base units
79:
34:may also refer to
2334:. 13 January 2010
2210:978-0-7487-3332-3
2197:Bell, F. (1998).
2157:978-0-470-04473-5
2054:10.1119/1.1607336
2040:(11): 1127–1135.
1967:10.1119/1.1942032
1845:978-0-495-11245-7
1820:978-0-07-336794-1
1768:978-0-8031-1183-7
1746:Gat, Uri (1988).
1567:Human body weight
1558:
1557:
1254:vestibular system
1134:
1133:
945:free body diagram
690:m kilogram weight
620:In 1901, the 3rd
578:
577:
456:view of physics.
440:, a precursor to
287:
286:
82:{\displaystyle W}
16:(Redirected from
2387:
2364:
2361:standard gravity
2358:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2261:
2250:
2249:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2010:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1940:
1931:
1918:
1912:
1909:kg," is correct.
1908:
1890:
1881:
1880:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1697:
1676:
1675:
1672:10.1119/1.880152
1645:
1623:
1600:
1409:
1331:
1327:
1322:standard gravity
1222:
1214:
1039:
886:
851:
849:
848:
843:
831:
830:
773:standard gravity
726:
717:
676:
646:
601:
573:
570:
564:
536:
535:
528:
447:The rise of the
431:
425:
419:
283:
281:
280:
275:
273:
272:
264:
263:
232:
230:
229:
224:
202:
200:
199:
194:
168:other quantities
166:Derivations from
123:
88:
86:
85:
80:
57:
45:
21:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2082:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:10.1119/1.17990
1982:
1981:
1974:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1928:Wayback Machine
1919:
1915:
1906:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1699:
1698:
1679:
1647:
1646:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1584:Weight (object)
1563:
1423:
1421:Surface gravity
1416:
1392:
1390:Surface gravity
1386:Earth's gravity
1384:Main articles:
1382:
1329:
1325:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1250:
1248:Apparent weight
1244:
1220:
1212:
1193:
1165:
1027:Earth's gravity
933:
927:
906:
904:Apparent weight
900:
898:Apparent weight
887:
884:
822:
817:
816:
792:
748:
747:
746:
745:
744:become lighter.
729:
728:
727:
719:
718:
709:
708:
702:
679:standard weight
674:
663:
647:
644:
606:is the weight,
593:
590:
574:
568:
565:
554:
537:
533:
526:
513:
486:apparent weight
462:
384:
351:, which in the
251:
246:
245:
235:
206:
205:
176:
175:
169:
167:
121:
108:
71:
70:
67:
60:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2344:
2315:
2300:
2285:
2251:
2232:(2): 149–162.
2216:
2209:
2189:
2180:
2163:
2156:
2138:
2114:
2097:
2059:
2012:
1993:(2): 105–106.
1972:
1932:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1882:
1875:
1851:
1844:
1826:
1819:
1801:
1794:
1774:
1767:
1735:
1677:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1417:Earth gravity
1413:
1381:
1378:
1274:Weighing scale
1272:Main article:
1269:
1266:
1243:
1240:
1228:kilogram-force
1192:
1189:
1164:
1161:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1007:weighing scale
929:Main article:
926:
923:
902:Main article:
899:
896:
882:
881:
880:
877:
874:
865:
864:
853:
840:
837:
834:
829:
825:
791:
790:ISO definition
788:
769:weightlessness
731:
730:
721:
720:
712:
711:
710:
706:
705:
704:
703:
701:
698:
671:standard value
661:
642:
589:
586:
576:
575:
540:
538:
531:
525:
522:
512:
509:
461:
458:
383:
380:
334:air resistance
320:quantity, the
285:
284:
271:
268:
262:
259:
256:
243:
237:
236:
234:
233:
222:
219:
216:
213:
203:
192:
189:
186:
183:
172:
170:
165:
162:
161:
158:
151:
150:
147:
140:
139:
136:
129:
128:
125:
116:
115:
109:
106:
103:
102:
96:
90:
89:
78:
68:
66:Common symbols
65:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2392:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2362:
2348:
2345:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2289:
2286:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2176:0-04-510059-4
2173:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2135:. p. 46.
2134:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1876:0-321-05202-1
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1795:0-8053-8960-1
1791:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1754:second volume
1753:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:giant planets
1397:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1335:spring scales
1323:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1177:SI base units
1174:
1170:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Spring scales
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
932:
924:
922:
920:
916:
912:
905:
897:
895:
893:
878:
875:
872:
871:
870:
869:
862:
858:
854:
838:
835:
832:
827:
823:
815:
814:
813:
812:
807:
806:is given as:
805:
801:
800:ISO/IEC 80000
797:
789:
787:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
761:
757:
753:
743:
739:
738:balance scale
735:
725:
716:
699:
697:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
672:
666:
664:
657:
651:
641:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
613:
609:
605:
600:
596:
587:
585:
583:
572:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
541:This article
539:
530:
529:
523:
521:
518:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
459:
457:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
424:
418:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
269:
266:
244:
242:
238:
220:
217:
214:
211:
204:
190:
187:
184:
181:
174:
173:
171:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
100:
97:
95:
91:
76:
69:
63:
56:
51:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2347:
2336:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2309:
2303:
2294:
2288:
2277:. Retrieved
2269:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2166:
2147:
2141:
2124:
2117:
2069:
2062:
2037:
2031:
1990:
1984:
1950:
1944:
1916:
1902:
1895:
1861:
1854:
1835:
1829:
1810:
1804:
1784:
1777:
1755:
1751:
1708:(10): 1073.
1705:
1701:
1655:
1649:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1598:
1393:
1371:
1367:
1364:Gross weight
1363:
1362:
1358:
1341:
1339:
1318:weight force
1315:
1299:spring scale
1296:
1251:
1225:
1216:
1208:
1194:
1181:
1166:
1157:pounds-force
1146:
1135:
1035:
1021:The Earth's
1020:
994:
984:
979:property of
970:
956:
952:
940:
907:
889:
867:
866:
860:
859:is mass and
856:
810:
809:
803:
793:
777:
759:
755:
749:
741:
734:spring scale
693:
689:
685:
683:
668:
659:
655:
653:
649:
637:
633:
631:
625:
619:
611:
607:
603:
598:
594:
591:
581:
579:
569:October 2023
566:
555:Please help
543:may contain
542:
514:
504:
500:
494:
489:
485:
482:
463:
446:
434:Jean Buridan
412:
385:
365:
355:(SI) is the
342:
338:Isaac Newton
315:
307:acceleration
298:
288:
94:SI unit
31:
18:Gross weight
1573:Tare weight
1415:Multiple of
1404:photosphere
1373:tare weight
1291:weighbridge
1142:atomic mass
961:equilibrium
675:9.80665 m/s
654:The weight
524:Definitions
490:true weight
295:engineering
112:pound-force
107:Other units
2338:2013-09-03
2279:2010-05-22
1953:(5): 387.
1630:References
1368:net weight
1324:of 9.80665
1246:See also:
1117:North Pole
919:levitation
811:Definition
549:irrelevant
511:Relativity
400:Archimedes
2359:value of
2086:cite book
1658:(1): 51.
1268:Measuring
1242:Sensation
1083:33°52′ S
1045:Latitude
1042:Location
1005:(using a
977:intrinsic
765:free fall
632:The word
545:excessive
396:Aristotle
376:spacetime
372:curvature
330:free fall
267:−
241:Dimension
155:Conserved
144:Intensive
133:Extensive
2374:Category
1924:Archived
1730:11110675
1561:See also
1316:apparent
1203:and the
1185:kilogram
1163:SI units
1144:", etc.
1138:chemical
1102:57°9′ N
1098:Aberdeen
1003:weighing
911:buoyancy
883:—
780:buoyancy
758:. Since
732:Left: A
643:—
602:, where
551:examples
442:momentum
429:gravitas
423:gravitas
404:buoyancy
326:reaction
2234:Bibcode
2111:. BIPM.
2042:Bibcode
1995:Bibcode
1955:Bibcode
1710:Bibcode
1660:Bibcode
1606:phrase
1547:Neptune
1508:Jupiter
1499:0.3895
1486:0.1655
1476:9.8226
1460:0.9032
1447:0.3770
1443:Mercury
1343:balance
1311:gravity
1262:g-force
1234:is the
1201:poundal
1127:0.0519
1124:9.8322
1108:0.0365
1105:9.8168
1089:0.0165
1086:9.7968
1070:0.0000
1067:9.7803
1060:Equator
1011:balance
989:gravity
965:moments
868:Remarks
794:In the
784:balloon
478:inertia
453:Galileo
438:impetus
382:History
311:gravity
291:science
32:weight
2380:Weight
2355:
2207:
2174:
2154:
1907:
1873:
1842:
1817:
1792:
1765:
1728:
1604:French
1578:weight
1554:11.28
1551:1.148
1538:0.917
1534:Uranus
1528:11.19
1525:1.139
1521:Saturn
1515:25.93
1512:2.640
1502:3.728
1489:1.625
1463:8.872
1450:3.703
1437:274.1
1434:27.90
1330:
1326:
1221:
1213:
1187:(kg).
1173:newton
1153:pounds
1130:0.53%
1121:90° N
1111:0.37%
1092:0.17%
1079:Sydney
981:matter
949:forces
855:where
804:weight
634:weight
626:weight
582:weight
501:weight
460:Newton
417:pondus
408:Euclid
357:newton
318:vector
299:weight
297:, the
127:kg⋅m⋅s
99:newton
48:Weight
2129:(PDF)
2074:(PDF)
2028:(PDF)
1903:5.7.4
1896:5.7.3
1726:S2CID
1590:Notes
1541:9.01
1469:Earth
1456:Venus
1412:Body
1348:lever
1307:force
1217:force
985:force
915:fluid
752:force
694:kg-wt
638:force
505:force
392:Plato
349:force
303:force
114:(lbf)
2328:NIST
2274:NIST
2205:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2133:NIST
2092:link
2078:BIPM
1871:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1495:Mars
1482:Moon
1424:m/s
1388:and
1353:mass
1232:dyne
1226:The
1211:at 1
1209:mass
1205:slug
1149:Moon
1048:m/s
973:mass
925:Mass
742:both
474:mass
361:Moon
343:The
293:and
36:mass
2357:m/s
2242:doi
2050:doi
2003:doi
1963:doi
1867:159
1718:doi
1668:doi
1618:as
1430:Sun
1309:of
1301:or
1258:ear
1236:cgs
1195:In
1073:0%
1064:0°
796:ISO
673:of
547:or
436:'s
374:of
309:of
289:In
138:Yes
119:In
101:(N)
2376::
2353:65
2330:.
2326:.
2272:.
2268:.
2254:^
2240:.
2230:15
2228:.
2100:^
2088:}}
2084:{{
2048:.
2038:71
2036:.
2030:.
2015:^
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