513:
525:
427:
439:
451:
463:
332:
376:
27:
359:(DRAC) and the Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP). Foundations of wooden buildings, as well as the base of stone walls measuring 50 centimeters thick and 1.5 meters high from the quadrangular evaporation building, were uncovered, along ceramics. Archaeologists believe that these remains are unique in France, and that the presence of a masonry building (usually reserved for a
408:. The evaporation workshop collapsed in 1873 and was quickly rebuilt. In 1875, the saltworks were bought by the Société des anciennes Salines domaniales de l'Est, which led to the dissolution of the Compagnie des Mines du Jura. Two years later, the company relaunched a well dug in 1840, but which had remained unused.
482:
The deposit, which is mined in a “recumbent bed”, consists of a single layer varying in thickness from 40 to 80 centimeters. The coal is very dry, consisting of 73.21% carbon and 3.75% ash. It is very brittle, requiring the use of formwork in the galleries. It is of poor quality, even after washing,
411:
Annual salt production rose from 1,200 tons in 1864 with twelve workers, to 3,000 tons in 1875, before dropping to 960 tons in 1884 and ceasing the following year. It employed five workers in 1882. In 1888, the Grozon salt concession merged with the
Montmorot concession.The boreholes were reinforced
415:
A saltworks store and workshop were demolished in the 1960s. At the beginning of the 21st century, the buildings housing the living quarters, offices, machine room and the extraction machine building housing the brine pumping holes remained. All these buildings were converted into a village hall,
412:
between 1891 and 1896, and a fourth borehole was dug. The concession was revoked by decree in 1901, but the following year the decree was rescinded. The operation was relaunched in 1918; the following year, four new pans were installed, producing 2,855 tons of salt in the course of the year.
280:, with a first peak in production around 1400-1500 BC, accompanied by population growth. The second production peak occurred at the beginning of the Iron Age. After the 4th century BC., Grozon became, along with Lons-le-Saunier, one of the two main salt production sites of the
486:
Between 1942 and 1944, the concession was taken over by the
Montmorot and Montaigu saltwork, and two chutes were dug, one to the north and the other to the south of the valley. The coal beds are disturbed by numerous faults. The carbon is blasted and sent by
478:
The Grozon concession, covering an area of 1,100 hectares, was granted on March 8, 1845 to supply the brine evaporation stoves at the village saltworks. The mine, which closed before 1864, was the only one in the department to exploit coal.
339:
An ancient saltworks was in operation in Grozon in the 6th century, mentioned in a donation text dated 722. Ownership of the saltworks changed regularly between lords and local religious authorities. In 906, it was acquired by the
403:
from three boreholes drilled directly from the eight-stove evaporation plant built by engineers Delize, Thomas and
Boucard between 1853 and 1854. Commissioning of the plant was authorized on February 3, 1855, and was powered by a
272:
during archaeological research carried out between 1996 and 2001. These remains have been dated to 6,000 years ago. Grozon offers better research prospects than Salin or Lons, which are located in an urban context.
344:, then by Hugues I, Archbishop of Besançon in 1053. Thirty years later, it became the property of Rosières Abbey. The buildings were burnt down and the spring blocked after a treaty of June 23, 1369, which obliged
252:
At that time, from the
Neolithic to the Roman period, brine evaporation was carried out without containers or infrastructure, but on the ground on a pyre set up near the salt springs. Layers of
355:
In
September 2014, the remains of five buildings of different architectural styles were discovered over an area of 600 square meters during an archaeological survey carried out by the
691:
831:
Archéologie du Sel : Techniques et Sociétés Édité Par O. Weller, 2002 Internationale Archäologie, Astk 3 Colloque 12.2, Xive Congrès Uispp, Liège, Septembre 2001
512:
356:
524:
363:
in this period) calls into question historical knowledge of early medieval saltworks infrastructures. The wooden elements are preserved by the presence of the
670:
170:
The 19th-century saltworks buildings were converted into a nursery school, village hall and housing at the end of the 20th century. The remains of the
349:
417:
426:
890:
875:
815:
367:. These remains were reburied to preserve them at the end of the excavation on November 3. A pavilion was built over them in 2015.
345:
348:, who had inherited the property, to destroy the saltworks so that the Salins saltworks would be the only one to produce in the
885:
827:"Exploitation des sources salées en Franche-Comté : impact sur l'espace forestier du Néolithique à la période médiévale"
591:
438:
483:
burns poorly due to its low calorific value and leaves a lot of ash. All these factors led to the cessation of operations.
450:
155:
from 1845 to 1944 for the coal and from the 6th to the 20th century for the salt, after an initial period of mining in the
880:
186:
The concession covers an area of 1,100 hectares for coal mining and 292 hectares for salt, spread across the communes of
462:
895:
224:. The salt layer lies at a depth of 86 meters, is 6.5 meters thick, and the material extracted by blasting yields 87%
853:
209:
deposits mined are intermingled in the Haute-SaĂ´ne
Keuperian coalfield. This basin consists of alternating layers of
195:
144:
383:
The
Compagnie des Mines du Jura was created in 1840 with a capital of one million francs divided into 2,000
416:
nursery school, housing and garage around 1980. On
December 18, 2008, the saltworks were included in the
140:
757:
Statistiques géologiques, minérologique et métallurgique des départements du Doubs et du Jura, Dodivers
772:
755:
492:
308:
709:
331:
175:
855:
Extrait du
Dictionnaire Géographique, Historique et Statistique des communes de la Franche-Comté
811:
587:
307:
farms. The evaporation of salt consumed large quantities of wood, leading to extensive forest
171:
137:
810:. Les Cahiers de la MHSE Ledoux (in French). Presses Univ. Franche-Comté. pp. 256–279.
736:
360:
261:
384:
269:
246:
221:
202:
488:
375:
341:
289:
26:
869:
399:
mining. However, this method was replaced by a more cost-effective system of drawing
364:
352:. In 1854, ruins of the walls covered with earth, coal, ash and old tiles remained.
249:. As the region became more settled, salt mining intensified in the 13th century BC.
311:. The increasing scarcity of certain species as the activity intensifies shows that
839:
405:
582:
Grassias, Yvan; Markarian, Philippe; PĂ©trequin, Pierre; Weller, Olivier (2006).
541:
392:
285:
159:
period and during the
Ancient history. The use of coal on site to evaporate the
277:
300:
built a monumental sanctuary over the spring and prevented any exploitation.
496:
242:
210:
156:
79:
58:
245:
period have been found in the commune. First extraction took place around
503:
500:
312:
303:
Grozon's ash layers were exploited in the 19th century as fertilizer for
276:
The discrete exploitation of the Neolithic period intensified during the
257:
191:
152:
44:
671:"Une saline de l'époque mérovingienne découverte à Grozon dans le Jura"
281:
692:"Une saline du haut Moyen Âge découverte sur un chantier dans le Jura"
586:(in French). Musées des techniques et cultures comtoises. p. 44.
388:
304:
297:
265:
218:
206:
187:
148:
133:
130:
113:
109:
805:
826:
400:
316:
160:
847:(in French). Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM).
396:
293:
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accumulated over a distance of some ten meters were observed in
225:
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126:
94:
89:
75:
70:
66:
62:
54:
40:
167:(which only owned this saltworks) to reduce the cost of salt.
320:
253:
178:
at the end of 2014, and are now considered unique in France.
69:: concession granted
584:
De pierre et de sel : Les salines de Salins-les-Bains
73:: new operation
147:, in eastern France. They were mined in the communes of
774:
Histoire naturelle du Jura et des départements voisins
103:
85:
50:
36:
654:
642:
741:base Mérimée, Ministère Français de la Culture.
630:
618:
606:
518:Site of the Champ sur la Pierre well in Grozon.
787:
379:View of the evaporation plant with brine well.
292:were particularly in demand on the markets of
194:, in the center of the Jura department in the
841:Houille triasique sur le versant N.O. du Jura
241:Traces of salt extraction dating back to the
8:
861:(in French). Grozon (39), t. III, cegfc.net.
357:Direction RĂ©gionale des Affaires Culturelles
19:
804:PĂ©trequin, Pierre; Weller, Olivier (2008).
825:Dufresse, Alexa; Ghautier, Émilie (2002).
335:The location of the old saltworks in 2017.
65:: early mining
25:
18:
395:began in 1852 with extraction shafts and
387:and was granted the Grozon concession by
530:Approximate location of a Tourmont well.
374:
330:
569:
553:
508:
422:
136:located in the Keuperian basin, in the
807:Sel, eau et forĂŞt d'hier Ă aujourd'hui
777:(in French). Masson. pp. 327–329.
418:General inventory of cultural heritage
296:. In order to promote Roman salt, the
731:
729:
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725:
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7:
686:
684:
665:
663:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
16:Mines in the Keuperian basin, France
174:saltworks were uncovered during a
14:
838:Dormois, R.; Ricours, J. (1943).
523:
511:
461:
449:
437:
425:
346:Margaret I Countess of Burgundy
123:Grozon collieries and saltworks
760:(in French). pp. 294–295.
1:
655:Dufresse & Ghautier (2002
643:Dufresse & Ghautier (2002
631:PĂ©trequin & Weller (2008
619:PĂ©trequin & Weller (2008
607:PĂ©trequin & Weller (2008
432:The old offices and housing.
788:Dormois & Ricours (1943
912:
891:Coal companies by country
771:Ogérien, Grenier (1865).
24:
876:Coal companies of France
284:, and remained so until
350:Archdiocese of Besançon
237:Neolithic and Antiquity
196:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
145:Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
99:Mid-20th century (salt)
696:France 3 Franche-Comté
380:
336:
886:Coal mines by country
833:(in French): 243–257.
378:
371:Industrial revolution
334:
881:Coal mines in France
852:Rousset, A. (1854).
675:France Bleu Besançon
499:, as well as to the
182:Location and geology
31:The Grozon saltworks
621:, pp. 265–266)
609:, pp. 258–265)
391:on April 12, 1845.
165:Jura Mining Company
21:
20:Jura Mining Company
896:Mines by continent
754:RĂ©sal, H. (1864).
737:"Saline de Grozon"
698:(in French). 2014.
677:(in French). 2014.
381:
337:
323:are used as fuel.
176:rescue archaeology
790:, pp. 17–20)
572:, pp. 10–11)
444:The machine room.
342:Abbey of Flavigny
327:Early Middle Ages
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262:Salins-les-Bains
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710:"Grozon (Jura)"
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456:The other side.
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319:and especially
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270:Lons-le-Saunier
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172:early medieval
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78:: merger with
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365:phreatic zone
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290:salt products
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798:Bibliography
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773:
766:
756:
749:
743:(in French).
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713:
704:
695:
674:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
583:
577:
485:
481:
477:
468:Brine tanks.
414:
410:
406:steam engine
389:royal decree
382:
354:
338:
302:
275:
251:
247:3900-3540 BC
240:
200:
185:
169:
164:
163:enabled the
122:
120:
93:
57:
542:Salt mining
393:Salt mining
286:Gallic Wars
105:Area served
870:Categories
593:2911484126
548:References
493:Villeneuve
474:Coal mines
278:Bronze Age
203:black coal
141:department
92:(company)
714:AggloCenE
497:Montmorot
309:clearance
243:Neolithic
232:Saltworks
226:pure salt
211:sandstone
198:region.
157:Neolithic
80:Montmorot
59:Neolithic
536:See also
504:coal gas
501:Grenoble
313:hornbeam
258:charcoal
222:dolomite
192:Tourmont
153:Tourmont
131:rocksalt
45:rocksalt
37:Industry
282:Sequani
97:(coal)
86:Defunct
51:Founded
814:
590:
506:plant.
385:shares
305:Bresse
298:Empire
266:Grozon
219:gypsum
207:halite
188:Grozon
149:Grozon
114:France
110:Grozon
859:(PDF)
845:(PDF)
401:brine
317:beech
161:brine
134:mines
812:ISBN
588:ISBN
495:and
489:rail
397:adit
294:Rome
268:and
256:and
217:and
215:marl
205:and
201:The
190:and
151:and
138:Jura
129:and
127:coal
125:are
121:The
95:1944
90:1875
76:1888
71:1852
67:1845
63:1369
55:1840
41:coal
491:to
321:oak
254:ash
228:.
143:of
872::
829:.
739:.
722:^
712:.
694:.
683:^
673:.
662:^
556:^
420:.
315:,
264:,
112:,
43:,
820:.
716:.
596:.
61:-
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