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1059:. As a figure of national and international prominence, the effects of his life have been felt at all levels of society, from the poor barrios that he fought to improve, to the highest echelons of government. The end of the 1950s desegregated Texan hotels, cinemas, and restaurants. Beauty parlors and barbershops were desegregated in the 1960s, with cemeteries and swimming pools not being opened to Mexican Americans until the 1970s.
571:. While recuperating, he heard the local superintendent of the school district talking about the racial segregation in his district. Southern states had established a binary system, classifying all people as mainly either black or white and segregating public facilities by race. At that moment, he made a private oath that, if he recovered, he would dedicate his life to gaining the equality of his people.
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666:, which had recruited migrant laborers during the war years and was known for discriminatory abuses. Dr. García testified before the National Advisory Committee on Farm Labor, asserting that "The migrant problem is not only a national emergency, it has become a national shame on the American conscience." This work brought him into contact with such national political figures as
459:. His father's professional credentials were not recognized in this new country, so he went into the dry goods business. Both parents instilled a love and respect for education in all of their children and expected them all to become medical doctors. García and five of his siblings—José Antonio García,
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In 1966, through the efforts of AGIF and other groups, the state legislature voted to repeal the Texas poll tax, which had been a barrier to voting by poor people. The forum also undertook a march on the Texas state capital to protest the low wages of
Mexican agricultural laborers. In 1967, President
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Upon completing his internship in 1942, García was called to active duty in the army, as the US had entered World War II. He was placed in command of a company of infantry. Later, he commanded a company of combat engineers before being transferred to the medical corps. He was stationed in Europe, and
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On March 26 of the same year, he called a meeting to address the concerns of
Mexican-American veterans. This meeting was a catalyst for developing AGIF, which soon had chapters in 40 Texas cities. It became the primary vehicle by which Mexican-American veterans expressed their discontent with the
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several times during the 1970s. In 1987, he became involved in the struggle against the campaign to designated
English as the only official language of the US; the rate of Hispanic and Latino immigration to the country had increased, bringing many new Spanish speakers. His final project was to
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in that close election. The civil rights agenda of AGIF, however, was not at the forefront of the
Kennedy administration's platform. Dr. García and his supporters had to accept his appointment in 1962 as representative of the US in mutual defense treaty talks with the
564:(LULAC) had been formed in the city seven years previously by Hispanic veterans to defend the rights of Hispanic-American citizens. García opened a private medical practice with his brother José Antonio; they treated all patients regardless of their ability to pay.
743:, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. LULAC and AGIF mounted litigation challenges in Texas to ensure that the ruling was applied to gain integrated education for Mexican-American citizens. They took cases to the
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In April 2010, the US House of
Representatives passed H.CON.RES.222, recognizing the leadership and historical contributions of Dr. Héctor García to the Hispanic community and his remarkable efforts to combat racial and ethnic discrimination in the US.
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In 1953, AGIF published its own study, "What Price
Wetbacks", on the issues related to farm labor in South Texas. They invited Senator Lyndon Johnson to speak at their statewide convention. In 1954, attorneys funded by AGIF and LULAC argued and won
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official discrimination against them and asserted their right to equality. They chose this name to emphasize that AGIF's participants were
American citizens entitled to their constitutional rights. Later, AGIF's patriotism would exempt them from
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court's first, threw out the plaintiff's murder conviction on the grounds that he had not had a jury of his peers. Court records showed that no one with a
Spanish surname had served on a jury in the county for 25 years. In
583:(VA). He helped veterans to obtain services from the VA since the administration was slow to respond to the Hispanic-American veterans' needs. In 1948, he began an investigation of conditions for migrant laborers in
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783:, Vice-president Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded to the presidency. He appointed García as Presidential Representative, with the rank of Special Ambassador, to the presidential inauguration ceremonies of Dr.
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AGIF became a recognized voice for
Mexican Americans in the post-World War II era. Besides providing veterans with a social and political network, AGIF took pragmatic actions: it raised funds to pay for
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Under Senate Bill 495, signed on May 30, 2009, by the governor of Texas, the state of Texas established the third
Wednesday of each September as "Dr. Hector P. Garcia Texas State Recognition Day".
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Representative of President John F. Kennedy and member of the American Delegation signing treaty concerning Mutual Defense Area Agreement between the US and the Federation of the West Indies, 1961
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reported on the case, it gained national attention, and AGIF was propelled to the forefront of the movement for civil rights. Following this incident, AGIF expanded into the states of
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Starting in 1968, Dr. García and other members of AGIF began accompanying families of fallen soldiers to the airport to collect their sons' bodies when they were returned from
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for youths. He graduated from a segregated high school in 1932. That year, he earned a commission from the CMTC with a rank equivalent to a second lieutenant in the US
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Dr. Garcia designated Corpus Christi State University as the institution to house his papers in the Special Collections and Archives Department of the Library, 1990
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nations. García made history on October 26 when he addressed the UN in Spanish; he was the first US representative to speak before the UN in a language other than
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in Corpus Christi, Texas, produced a documentary on him entitled "Justice for my People: The Dr. Hector P. Garcia Story". The program was broadcast nationally on
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779:. The appointment was notable as the first instance that a Mexican American had represented an American President, and talks were successful. After Kennedy
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1097:. In 1988, the main branch of the Corpus Christi post office was renamed in his honor. In 1996, a nine-foot (2.7 m) statue of him was dedicated at
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The US Army's Bronze Star Medal, the European African Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with six bronze stars, and the World War II Victory Medal, 1942–1946
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Johnson appointed Dr. García as alternate representative, with the full rank of Ambassador to the UN. He was tasked with improving US relations with
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30 miles (48 km) daily. His father had to cash in his life insurance policy to finance young García's education. In 1932, García entered the
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Appointed as presidential representative with the rank of Special Ambassador to the inauguration of Dr. Raul Leoni, President of Venezuela, 1964
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Many whites expressed opposition toward García and felt threatened by the work of AGIF. One hostile letter threatened García, comparing him to
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was denied, as the funeral director claimed that "the whites won't like it". Dr. García and AGIF intervened, petitioning freshman US Senator
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García also worked to bring national attention to the conditions of schools for children in South Texas. In 1950, he wrote a request to the
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Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Family Health Center approved by Nueces County Commissioners and the Hospital District to be opened in 2016
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In 1947, García was elected president of the local chapter of LULAC. In the same year, he was hospitalized with life-threatening acute
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García died July 26, 1996, in Corpus Christi, Texas, at age 82. He was buried at Seaside Memorial Park in Corpus Christi. President
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463:, Cuitláhuac Pérez García, Xicotencátl Pérez García, and Dalia García-Malison—did become physicians. In 1929, García joined the
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Bronze bust of Dr. Héctor P. García was dedicated at the Dr. Hector P. Garcia Public Library, Mercedes, Texas, in January, 2012
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Dr. Hector P. Garcia Drive in Rancho Vista subdivision, Corpus Christi, Texas, unveiled by Braselton Homes, January 13, 2015
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Dr. García received numerous awards from various governments and other organizations during his lifetime. They include:
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As one of the early leaders of the Hispanic civil rights, García's activities foreshadowed much of the struggle of the
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After being discharged from the hospital, García began helping other Mexican-American veterans file claims with the
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1975:
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1074:, basing some of the incidents in the work on her interview. The book was later turned into a 1956 film starring
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587:. He found the impoverished workers to be ill-clothed, malnourished, and diseased from lack of basic sanitation.
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678:. The organization, and the attention it drew to poverty and discrimination in Texas, also got the attention of
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1970:
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Points of Light Monument Organization reveals its next recipient will be Dr. Héctor P. García, January 15, 2016
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interviewed García to get a sense of the Mexican American experience in Texas. She later wrote the 1952 novel
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Dr. Hector P. Garcia's Official 100th Birthday Celebration observed in Corpus Christi, Texas, January 17, 2014
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Garcia-Akers, Cecilia. "The Inspiring Life of Texan Hector P. Garcia". Charleston: The History Press (2016).
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Texas Historical Marker unveiled at Christus Spohn Memorial Hospital, Corpus Christi, Texas, February, 2014
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MAPA Award for outstanding service to Hispanics from the Mexican American Physicians' Association, 1990
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Texas Historical Marker unveiled at the Dr. Hector P. Garcia Public Library, Mercedes, Texas, in 2013
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Received the "Distinguished Alumnus Award" from the University of Texas Ex-Students Association, 1989
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Dr. García's image was placed on the US Treasury's $ 75 I Bond series honoring great Americans, 1999
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1990:
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infiltration at a time when the agency accused many Mexican-American organizations of having
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The Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services Organization's Humanitarian Award, 1988
810:. He would often eulogize the soldier and never refused a request to speak at any funeral.
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District honored him with a plaque in recognition of his service to the war deceased, 1967
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as president. García is credited with delivering 85 percent of the Hispanic vote to the
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380:(AGIF). As a result of the national prominence he earned through his work on behalf of
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and the US Delegation for the signing of the Treaty of Tlatelolco in Mexico City, 1967
703:, expressing concerns about sanitation and mandating inspection to prevent disease or
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for the indigent, so they did not have a barrier to voting. It campaigned against the
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The Midwest/Northeast Voter Registration Project's National Hispanic Hero Award, 1989
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Hector Garcia Place is a short street named after Dr. García, located in downtown
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Corpus Christi State University's first honorary doctorate of Humane Letters, 1991
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The Hector P. Garcia papers at the Bell Library of Texas A&M Corpus Christi
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The Distinguished Service Award from the National Office of Civil Rights, 1980
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National Coordinator and National Organizer of the "Viva Kennedy" clubs, 1960
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2010:
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635:, where he became the first Mexican American to be awarded this honor. When
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The Equestrian Order of Pope Gregory the Great from Pope John Paul II, 1990
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segregation in Corpus Christi school district. He consulted with President
532:, the European African Middle Eastern Medal with six bronze stars, and the
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1965:
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Corpus Christi Human Relations Commission's Community Service Award, 1987
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For Community & Country: The Life and Legacy of Dr. Hector P. Garcia
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The Dr. Hector P. Garcia Middle School was established and dedicated in
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491:. He was one of the top five of his class. He went on to study at the
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411:, the nation's highest civilian honor, in 1984; and was named to the
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In 1985, the Dr. Héctor Pérez García Endowed Chair was created at
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was named the Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Highway in April, 2008
707:. García also voiced his opposition to segregation of schools and
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for redress of the outrage. Johnson secured Longoria's burial in
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Mexican-American physician, surgeon, and WWII veteran (1914–1996)
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1312:"From American G. I. Forum letter to State Department of Health"
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Honor Al Merito Medalla Cura Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon A.D.P.E.
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Seaside Funeral Home & Memorial Park, Corpus Christi, Texas
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challenging the practices of independent school districts in
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The Dr. Hector P. Garcia Plaza and Statue were dedicated at
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A humanitarian award from the Corpus Christi chapter of the
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In the same year, President Johnson appointed García to the
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4 Daisy Wanda, Héctor, Jr, Adriana Cecilia, Susanna Patricia
1174:"Dr. Hector P. Garcia Middle School, San Antonio, TX 78255"
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
423:, Mexico's highest award for foreigners, in a ceremony in
1457:
The American GI Forum: In Pursuit of the Dream, 1948-1983
560:. Their first child, Daisy Wanda, was born in 1946. The
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Activists for Hispanic and Latino American civil rights
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In 1960, Dr. García became national coordinator of the
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and saying that Texans should "drive back to Mexico".
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HOUSE HONORS AMERICAN GI FORUM ON ITS 60th ANNIVERSARY
1512:
Justice for my People: The Dr. Hector P. Garcia Story
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The Major Hector P. Garcia, MD High School opened in
388:, a Mexican American and AGIF charter member, to the
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Americans, he was instrumental in the appointment of
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1422:"Individual - What Paper I Savings Bonds Look Like"
1292:. Texas State Historical Association. June 12, 2010
877:, 1952, for his work with Mexican-American veterans
552:In 1945, with the war over, Dr. García returned to
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1443:Hector P. García: In Relentless Pursuit of Justice
447:, to José García and Faustina Pérez García, both
2392:List of Mexican-American political organizations
1105:'s $ 75 I Bond series honoring great Americans.
540:, he met and fell in love with Wanda Fusillo of
419:in 1990. In 1998, he was posthumously given the
684:. It published an article on the high rates of
1408:"Points of Light Monument in Washington, D.C."
1314:. The University of Texas Medical Branch. 2006
1144:"Vicente Ximenes - VOCES Oral History Project"
943:'s Hispanic Heritage Award in Leadership, 1989
619:. His body was returned to Texas in 1949. His
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8:
2453:United States Army personnel of World War II
962:' Distinguished Lifetime Service Award, 1990
960:National Association of Hispanic Journalists
2410:Category:American people of Mexican descent
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1550:
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1062:In the realm of popular culture, in 1950,
902:Condecoracion, Orden Vasco Nunez de Balboa
133:
122:
2438:United States Army Medical Corps officers
1410:Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Foundation.
1199:"The Early Years of Dr. Hector P. Garcia"
354:(January 17, 1914 – July 26, 1996) was a
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2463:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
1537:Dr. Hector P. Garcia Memorial Foundation
817:. In 1972, Dr. García was arrested at a
623:'s request to use the funeral chapel in
562:League of United Latin American Citizens
2423:https://www.utmb.edu/drgarcia/world.htm
2362:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority
1746:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
1334:"Photogallery: Signs of Discrimination"
1135:
1101:. In 1999, his image was placed on the
1099:Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
973:Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
924:The Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1984
390:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2468:Mexican emigrants to the United States
1459:. Houston: Arte Publico Press (1998).
1445:. Houston: Arte Publico Press (2002).
1274:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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832:improve the standard of living in the
451:. His family fled the violence of the
2377:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans
1230:"Héctor P. García - Humanities Texas"
696:suffered by the neglected community.
7:
2387:List of Mexican-American communities
1812:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike
1001:The Hector P. Garcia Middle School,
985:Hector P. Garcia Elementary School,
978:Hector P. Garcia Elementary School,
49:adding citations to reliable sources
2189:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
2133:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
904:, with the rank of commander, 1965
493:University of Texas Medical Branch
467:(CMTC), a peacetime branch of the
336:Xicotencátl Pérez García (brother)
220:University of Texas Medical Branch
14:
2488:People from Corpus Christi, Texas
1497:American G.I. Forum of California
1492:American G.I. Forum National Site
556:with his wife Wanda, settling in
465:Citizens' Military Training Corps
333:Cuitláhuac Pérez García (brother)
2478:Knights of St. Gregory the Great
1981:Mexican-American women's fashion
1502:Hector P. Garcia: A Texas Legend
611:killed Mexican-American private
455:in 1917, legally immigrating to
25:
2448:American civil rights activists
2126:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
1517:A site about the treasury bonds
524:eventually rose to the rank of
435:García was born in the city of
282:
36:needs additional citations for
487:, graduating with a degree in
479:, to and from which he had to
413:Order of St. Gregory the Great
403:in 1967; was appointed to the
395:García was named as alternate
1:
1791:Occupation of Catalina Island
1766:Farm workers' rights campaign
1382:"Service, Awards, and Honors"
815:US Commission on Civil Rights
766:, organized to elect Senator
499:in 1940. He accomplished his
485:University of Texas at Austin
409:Presidential Medal of Freedom
405:US Commission on Civil Rights
376:advocate, and founder of the
324:José Antonio García (brother)
215:University of Texas at Austin
1384:. KEDT. 2009. Archived from
1336:. KEDT. 2009. Archived from
1201:. KEDT. 2009. Archived from
941:Hispanic Heritage Foundation
858:presented a eulogy for him.
339:Emilia García Garza (sister)
2493:People from Mercedes, Texas
2458:United States Army officers
1532:Dr. Hector P. Garcia Papers
889:Accompanied Vice-president
740:Brown v. Board of Education
732:. The decision, one of the
633:Arlington National Cemetery
544:, whom he married in 1945.
342:Dalia Perez García (sister)
2509:
701:Texas Department of Health
534:World War II Victory Medal
2400:
1976:Mexican-American folklore
1756:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
653:AGIF in American politics
407:in 1968; was awarded the
132:
1971:Mexican-American cuisine
581:Veteran's Administration
421:Order of the Aztec Eagle
139:Héctor P. García in 1976
2161:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
2057:Coyolxauhqui imperative
1290:"Felix Longoria Affair"
1016:Texas State Highway 286
477:Edinburg Junior College
2140:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
1906:Anti-Mexican sentiment
1868:Killing of Adam Toledo
1851:Great American Boycott
1721:Centro de Arte Público
1364:Retrieved: 2010-03-31"
777:West Indies Federation
2175:Mendez v. Westminster
2112:Botiller v. Dominguez
2092:Youth control complex
1961:Estrada Courts murals
1822:2019 El Paso shooting
1800:Post-Chicano Movement
1761:Plan de Santa Bárbara
1716:Católicos por La Raza
930:, Mexico City, Mexico
764:Viva Kennedy Campaign
613:Felix Z. Longoria Jr.
603:Felix Z. Longoria Jr.
505:St. Joseph's Hospital
497:doctorate in medicine
475:. He began attending
461:Clotilde Pérez García
328:Clotilde Pérez García
310:Faustina Pérez García
2168:Leal Garcia v. Texas
1863:Justice for Janitors
1781:Los Siete de la Raza
1776:Colegio César Chávez
1668:Mexican Repatriation
1636:Pre-Chicano Movement
1370:on February 2, 2010.
1180:on December 6, 2012.
980:Grand Prairie, Texas
607:In 1945, a Japanese
509:Creighton University
225:Creighton University
45:improve this article
1991:New Mexican cuisine
1817:1992 Drywall Strike
1786:Los Seis de Boulder
1771:Land grant struggle
1688:Sleepy Lagoon trial
1441:García, Ignacio M.
1340:on October 29, 2003
1205:on December 5, 2002
745:Texas Supreme Court
352:Héctor Pérez García
127:Héctor Perez García
2199:By city and region
2119:Hernandez v. Texas
2082:Spiritual activism
1926:Chicano literature
1741:Chicano Moratorium
1648:Bisbee Deportation
1522:From the U.S. Army
1426:treasurydirect.gov
1025:, in October, 2009
1023:San Antonio, Texas
891:Hubert H. Humphrey
725:Hernandez v. Texas
711:in the classroom.
548:Life after the war
453:Mexican Revolution
386:Vicente T. Ximenes
60:"Héctor P. García"
2418:
2417:
2367:Mexican Americans
2315:Dallas–Fort Worth
2182:Bernal v. Fainter
2154:Medellín v. Texas
1683:Porvenir Massacre
1678:Plan de San Diego
1673:Operation Wetback
1507:Felix Z. Longoria
1110:public television
1010:Chicago, Illinois
875:Medalla al Merito
862:Honors and awards
840:Rio Grande Valley
629:Lyndon B. Johnson
530:Bronze Star Medal
417:Pope John Paul II
378:American GI Forum
349:
348:
264:American GI Forum
121:
120:
113:
95:
2500:
2405:Category:Chicano
2335:Salt Lake Valley
2045:Chicana/o Theory
2016:Teatro Campesino
2006:Regional Mexican
1996:New Mexico music
1986:Mexican muralism
1873:Murder of Selena
1736:Chicano Blowouts
1731:Chicana feminism
1703:Chicano Movement
1597:Mexican American
1577:Mexican American
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1388:on April 8, 2003
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1256:on March 4, 2006
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56:Find sources:
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34:This article
32:
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2382:Bibliography
2303:Philadelphia
2280:New Mexico (
2233:California (
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2077:Rasquachismo
2031:Tortilla art
2021:Tejano music
1946:Chicano rock
1941:Chicano Park
1882:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1456:
1442:
1436:Bibliography
1425:
1416:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1386:the original
1376:
1368:the original
1361:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1284:
1258:. Retrieved
1251:the original
1238:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1178:the original
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1152:the original
1147:
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1125:
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927:
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856:Bill Clinton
853:
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793:
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723:
720:
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698:
694:tuberculosis
680:
656:
636:
625:Three Rivers
606:
599:sympathies.
589:
578:
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551:
522:
434:
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374:civil rights
367:World War II
351:
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179:(1996-07-26)
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2483:1996 deaths
2473:1914 births
2235:Californios
2220:Los Angeles
1951:Chicano rap
1916:Chicano art
1878:Party crews
1839:Castro 2020
1827:Abolish ICE
1260:November 8,
1103:US Treasury
1084:Rock Hudson
1068:Edna Ferber
617:Philippines
536:. While in
519:Army career
515:, in 1942.
307:José García
234:Occupations
2432:Categories
2287:New York (
2273:Nebraska (
2266:Michigan (
2259:Maryland (
2247:Illinois (
2240:Colorado (
2216:California
1726:Chicanismo
1663:La Matanza
1658:Korean War
1148:utexas.edu
1131:References
1076:James Dean
842:along the
785:Raúl Leoni
757:Kingsville
686:diphtheria
660:poll taxes
643:New Mexico
441:Tamaulipas
431:Early life
163:Tamaulipas
151:1914-01-17
101:March 2018
71:newspapers
2261:Baltimore
2228:San Diego
2087:Vergüenza
2036:Zoot suit
2011:Skull art
1392:April 21,
1344:April 20,
1318:April 20,
1296:April 20,
1209:April 21,
1158:March 31,
1108:In 2002,
1012:, in 2008
789:Venezuela
705:epidemics
688:, infant
569:nephritis
501:residency
481:hitchhike
392:in 1966.
359:physician
318:Relatives
241:Physician
2295:Oklahoma
2205:Arizona
2067:Nepantla
1966:Lowrider
1622:Blaxican
1270:cite web
1112:station
907:The 8th
835:colonias
824:de facto
749:Driscoll
690:diarrhea
647:Colorado
473:infantry
382:Hispanic
330:(sister)
293:Children
251:activist
2372:Writers
2328:Tejanos
2326:Texas (
2320:Houston
2268:Detroit
2249:Chicago
1899:Culture
1612:Pachuco
1602:La Raza
1592:Chicano
1573:Chicano
1066:winner
873:AGIF's
838:in the
808:Vietnam
801:English
728:in the
615:in the
597:Marxist
489:zoology
469:US Army
399:to the
370:veteran
363:surgeon
301:Parents
287:
279:
246:surgeon
85:scholar
2333:Utah (
2255:Kansas
2242:Denver
2209:Tucson
1890:Xicanx
1807:Aztlán
1711:Aztlán
1627:Xicanx
1579:topics
1473:
1463:
1449:
1086:, and
1051:Legacy
975:, 1996
918:, 1969
898:Panama
829:Carter
819:sit-in
755:, and
734:Warren
692:, and
674:, and
609:sniper
542:Naples
445:Mexico
270:Spouse
167:Mexico
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2345:Lists
2310:Texas
2275:Omaha
2104:cases
1617:Pinto
1607:Cholo
1585:Terms
1254:(PDF)
1247:(PDF)
1072:Giant
850:Death
621:widow
538:Italy
526:major
437:Llera
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189:Texas
159:Llera
92:JSTOR
78:books
2001:Paño
1911:Caló
1857:IRCA
1845:DACA
1751:PCUN
1575:and
1471:ISBN
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1394:2015
1346:2015
1320:2015
1298:2015
1276:link
1262:2005
1211:2015
1160:2010
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958:The
681:Look
645:and
174:Died
145:Born
64:news
1118:PBS
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511:in
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