33:
2693:
2714:
670:
656:
receptor antagonists may have a potential role in managing bladder conditions such as overactive bladder, they are not typically used in treating cystitis or painful bladder disease, and their mechanism of action in bladder diseases is still not fully understood. There is limited research that
549:
antagonists offer several advantages over antacids, including longer duration of action (6–10 hours vs 1–2 hours for antacids), greater efficacy, and ability to be used prophylactically before meals to reduce the chance of heartburn occurring. Proton pump inhibitors, however, are the preferred
633:
receptors in the bladder smooth muscle, leading to relaxation of the bladder muscle and promotion of urine storage. Histamine does not seem to have a direct role in the development of bladder diseases, but it can contribute to bladder inflammation and associated symptoms.
802:
receptor antagonists are less likely to alter CYP metabolism. Ranitidine is not as potent a CYP inhibitor as cimetidine, although it still shares several of the latter's interactions (such as with warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin, metoprolol, and midazolam).
593:
occurred in 0.1% to 0.5% of men treated for non-hypersecretory conditions with cimetidine for 1 month or longer and in about 2% of men treated for pathologic hypersecretory conditions; in even fewer men, cimetidine may also cause loss of libido, and
1559:"Differential expression of histamine receptors in the bladder wall tissues of patients with bladder pain syndrome/Interstitial cystitis - significance in the responsiveness to antihistamine treatment and disease symptoms"
1037:
Gasbarrini G, Gentiloni N, Febbraro S, Gasbarrini A, Di Campli C, Cesana M, Miglio F, Miglioli M, Ghinelli F, d'Ambrosi A, Amoroso P, Pacini F, Salvadori G (1997). "Acute liver injury related to the use of niperotidine".
317:
had no effect on acid production. From these facts the SK&F scientists postulated the existence of two different types of histamine receptors. They designated the one acted upon by the traditional antihistamines as
402:), in an effort to match the success of Smith, Kline & French with cimetidine. Ranitidine was also the result of a rational drug design process utilising the by-then-fairly-refined model of the histamine H
880:
Eriksson S, Långström G, Rikner L, Carlsson R, Naesdal J (1995). "Omeprazole and H2-receptor antagonists in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and reflux oesophagitis: a meta-analysis".
329:
The SK&F team used a classical design process starting from the structure of histamine. Hundreds of modified compounds were synthesised in an effort to develop a model of the then-unknown H
3453:
629:
Histamine can cause bladder inflammation and contribute to the symptoms of such bladder diseases as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) or painful bladder disease. Histamine binds to H
1183:
Meng R, Chen LR, Zhang ML, Cai WK, Yin SJ, Fan YX, Zhou T, Huang YH, He GH (2023). "Effectiveness and Safety of
Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses".
364:
The potency of burimamide was still too low for oral administration. And efforts on further improvement of the structure, based on the structure modification in the stomach due to the
3889:
2645:
1725:
529:
antagonists reduce gastric acidity and volume and have shown to reduce the frequency of aspiration pneumonitis; however, this aspiration benefit has not been shown with IV H
1369:"The combination of loratadine with famotidine to relieve the symptoms of urinary frequency in female patients with bladder function disorders：First report of three cases"
457:. They suppress the normal secretion of acid by parietal cells and the meal-stimulated secretion of acid. They accomplish this by two mechanisms: Histamine released by
407:
298:
receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by
2702:
3785:
3446:
570:
antagonists are generally well tolerated, with the exception of cimetidine, which more commonly elicits the following adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than other H
2751:
209:
3882:
1715:
966:
2496:
3815:
5408:
3439:
3205:
1693:
648:
receptor antagonists have been shown to reduce bladder contractions and improve bladder function in animal studies. Blocking the activation of H
5413:
3875:
3833:
3800:
2069:
1467:"Oral cimetidine gives effective symptom relief in painful bladder disease: A prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial"
1418:"Oral cimetidine gives effective symptom relief in painful bladder disease: A prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial"
2356:
2349:
2456:
4902:
3942:
2099:
3632:
3358:
3302:
1962:
422:-containing substituent, and in doing so developed ranitidine, which was found to have a much better tolerability profile (i.e. fewer
1514:
Dasgupta P, Sharma SD, Womack C, Blackford HN, Dennis P (2001). "Cimetidine in painful bladder syndrome: A histopathological study".
3011:
1117:
1086:
5434:
3790:
3195:
2744:
3467:
3377:
3291:
2252:
1708:
503:
111:
1261:"Histamine modulation of urinary bladder urothelium, lamina propria and detrusor contractile activity via H1 and H2 receptors"
3363:
1611:
Humphries TJ, Merritt GJ (August 1999). "Review article: drug interactions with agents used to treat acid-related diseases".
858:
3185:
2839:
2833:
1077:
792:
1951:
5403:
3352:
3124:
1733:
341:
receptor antagonist. From this lead, the receptor model was further refined, which eventually led to the development of
433:
receptor antagonists have since largely been superseded by the even more effective proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), with
3850:
3267:
3040:
2737:
2562:
4683:
3106:
2945:
2932:
2903:
2848:
2212:
1701:
490:
458:
388:
analogues were investigated until the discovery of cimetidine, which would become the first clinically successful H
365:
3402:
2919:
962:
768:
4713:
4184:
3296:
3242:
3227:
3199:
2980:
2975:
2966:
851:"ASP (PPI_H2RA) Study-H2RA Versus PPI for the Prevention of Recurrent UGIB in High-risk Users of Low-dose ASA"
3974:
3838:
3397:
3368:
3336:
3166:
2971:
2927:
2878:
2809:
2267:
1945:
1796:
776:
465:
receptors, which stimulate acid secretion; therefore, other substances that promote acid secretion (such as
4604:
3795:
3538:
3278:
3084:
2304:
2059:
346:
5319:
5296:
5113:
5095:
4864:
4767:
3909:
3674:
3562:
3409:
3253:
2986:
2873:
1989:
1925:
1770:
450:
423:
178:
115:
79:
429:
Ranitidine was introduced in 1981 and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1988. The H
3689:
3414:
3258:
3111:
3064:
2064:
2044:
1913:
1272:
522:
36:
652:
receptors in the bladder leads to decreased bladder contractions and improved urine storage. While H
4569:
4114:
3927:
3035:
2823:
2673:
2409:
2195:
1974:
1801:
174:
123:
71:
5041:
5036:
4976:
4936:
4845:
4825:
4544:
4464:
4444:
2713:
5071:
5006:
4951:
4835:
4579:
4519:
4499:
4489:
4404:
4374:
4179:
4109:
4099:
3901:
3898:
3694:
3607:
3523:
3262:
3231:
2962:
2858:
2707:
2572:
2431:
1885:
1679:
1636:
1539:
1496:
1447:
1398:
1208:
307:
5368:
5247:
5066:
5031:
4966:
4956:
4840:
4830:
4820:
4815:
4589:
4539:
4399:
4384:
4379:
4359:
3653:
661:
receptor antagonists can potentially alleviate symptoms of cystitis or painful bladder disease.
5227:
5076:
5061:
5021:
4986:
4850:
4594:
4554:
4534:
4524:
4434:
5314:
5197:
4810:
4665:
3431:
3331:
3236:
3059:
2852:
2668:
2451:
2441:
2344:
2174:
2130:
2114:
1918:
1908:
1851:
1841:
1671:
1628:
1590:
1531:
1488:
1439:
1390:
1349:
1298:
1200:
1164:
1082:
1055:
1019:
944:
890:
303:
200:– in the mid-to-late 1960s. It was first marketed in 1976 and sold under the trade name
5192:
5187:
313:
In 1964, it was known that histamine stimulated the secretion of stomach acid, and also that
4791:
4658:
4274:
4134:
4054:
3764:
3321:
3115:
3030:
2784:
2678:
2501:
2426:
2414:
2339:
2205:
2084:
1873:
1663:
1654:
Kirch W, Hoensch H, Janisch HD (1984). "Interactions and non-interactions with ranitidine".
1620:
1580:
1570:
1523:
1478:
1429:
1380:
1339:
1329:
1288:
1280:
1239:
1192:
1154:
1146:
1135:"Use of acid-suppressive drugs and risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1047:
1009:
1001:
934:
926:
685:
673:
221:
205:
720:. By reducing the metabolism of drugs through these enzymes, cimetidine may increase their
4194:
4154:
4129:
4014:
3577:
3249:
3161:
2999:
2994:
2864:
2828:
2818:
2801:
2718:
2663:
2532:
2527:
2366:
2299:
2294:
2180:
2126:
1967:
1858:
1811:
1121:
807:
has negligible effect on the CYP system, and appears to have no significant interactions.
772:
693:
689:
612:
receptor antagonist is associated with pneumonia, peritonitis, necrotizing enterocolitis,
399:
377:
197:
193:
170:
32:
1114:
1276:
5242:
4771:
4661:
4484:
4424:
4339:
4174:
4119:
4089:
4049:
4039:
4034:
3844:
2941:
2796:
2779:
2697:
2597:
2592:
2446:
2436:
2386:
2371:
2361:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2185:
2157:
2109:
2104:
1836:
1791:
1787:
1585:
1558:
1344:
1317:
1293:
1260:
1159:
1134:
1014:
989:
939:
914:
373:
299:
245:(Zantac) (withdrawn in USA, suspended in EU and Australia for carcinogenic metabolites)
1051:
122:
was found to be more effective at both healing and alleviating symptoms of ulcers and
5428:
4757:
4753:
4717:
4677:
4620:
4616:
4479:
4429:
4319:
4304:
4229:
4224:
4029:
3699:
3617:
3533:
3480:
3177:
3076:
3068:
3051:
2990:
2629:
2602:
2461:
2279:
2190:
2170:
2166:
2029:
1957:
1846:
1761:
1667:
1624:
1527:
1483:
1466:
1434:
1417:
1402:
1318:"Pharmacologic attenuation of pelvic pain in a murine model of interstitial cystitis"
1212:
915:"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors"
825:
816:
784:
780:
724:
601:
A 31-study review found that overall risk of pneumonia is about 1 in 4 higher among H
470:
322:, and the one acted upon by histamine to stimulate the secretion of stomach acid as H
314:
220:, which was thought to have a better adverse effect profile (later disproven), fewer
150:
146:
87:
1683:
1543:
1500:
1451:
5373:
5277:
5217:
5138:
5011:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4775:
4761:
4725:
4721:
4707:
4636:
4608:
4474:
4459:
4344:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4299:
4294:
4264:
4244:
4234:
4199:
4149:
4079:
3999:
3744:
3684:
3602:
3592:
3582:
3572:
3471:
3463:
3156:
3022:
3005:
2760:
2587:
2506:
2242:
2200:
2034:
2024:
1940:
1935:
1640:
736:
721:
590:
515:
497:
277:
107:
95:
2145:
850:
1228:"Physiological Role of Histamine H2 Receptor on Bladder Sensory Function in Rats"
680:. Unlike cimetidine, famotidine has no significant interactions with other drugs.
372:. Metiamide was an effective agent; however, it was associated with unacceptable
5358:
5329:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5237:
5202:
5143:
5118:
5081:
4991:
4912:
4907:
4799:
4749:
4729:
4703:
4695:
4648:
4644:
4628:
4584:
4549:
4529:
4509:
4504:
4389:
4354:
4314:
4279:
4269:
4254:
4219:
4209:
4189:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4124:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4004:
3979:
3947:
3932:
3867:
3749:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3679:
3622:
3612:
3547:
3508:
3313:
3286:
3219:
2912:
2792:
2471:
2381:
2121:
2074:
2019:
1902:
1868:
1005:
752:
578:
551:
271:
1284:
1244:
1227:
5378:
5267:
5232:
5212:
5207:
5151:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5026:
5016:
4996:
4981:
4971:
4961:
4946:
4941:
4741:
4669:
4640:
4632:
4559:
4494:
4454:
4449:
4414:
4409:
4369:
4364:
4289:
4214:
4139:
4104:
4094:
4064:
4044:
4024:
3984:
3769:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3597:
3587:
3518:
3513:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3139:
2954:
2649:
2620:
2578:
2547:
2542:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2404:
2390:
2330:
2285:
2233:
2153:
2149:
2090:
2050:
2005:
2001:
1891:
1827:
1777:
1742:
1738:
1575:
804:
760:
696:(CYP) pathway. To be specific, cimetidine is an inhibitor of the P450 enzymes
677:
434:
395:
342:
283:
265:
260:
254:
248:
242:
236:
217:
213:
189:
135:
131:
119:
40:
17:
5363:
5324:
5272:
5222:
5123:
5001:
4897:
4882:
4745:
4733:
4699:
4687:
4673:
4624:
4612:
4574:
4564:
4514:
4469:
4419:
4394:
4309:
4284:
4259:
4249:
4239:
4204:
4144:
4084:
4019:
4009:
3989:
3937:
3759:
3754:
3709:
3704:
3552:
3148:
3098:
2557:
2537:
2511:
2486:
2421:
2399:
2227:
2140:
2014:
764:
756:
748:
744:
740:
688:, cimetidine in particular interferes with some of the body's mechanisms of
595:
509:
449:
antagonists are competitive antagonists of histamine at the parietal cell's
411:
385:
369:
103:
75:
1632:
1594:
1535:
1492:
1443:
1394:
1353:
1334:
1302:
1204:
1168:
1023:
948:
149:. In general usage, however, the term "antihistamine" typically refers to
1675:
1099:
Miller RD, Eriksson L, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP (25 November 2014).
1059:
930:
894:
5383:
5342:
5282:
5177:
5172:
5156:
4892:
4887:
4783:
4691:
4652:
4439:
3994:
3189:
2658:
2522:
2518:
2491:
1930:
1863:
1782:
990:"Mechanisms of drug toxicity and relevance to pharmaceutical development"
732:
641:
receptors in the bladder play a role in regulating bladder contraction.
586:
582:
538:
419:
381:
1150:
5182:
5133:
4920:
4737:
3955:
2813:
2634:
2552:
2217:
1984:
1806:
1756:
1385:
1368:
788:
705:
669:
466:
201:
158:
91:
1196:
5337:
5128:
3326:
2895:
2775:
2729:
2316:
1979:
717:
713:
709:
701:
697:
616:
infection, liver cancer, gastric cancer, and hip fracture diseases.
489:
antagonists are used by clinicians in the treatment of acid-related
426:), longer-lasting action, and ten times the activity of cimetidine.
212:(QSAR) led to the development of other agents – starting with
1557:
Shan H, Zhang EW, Zhang P, Zhang XD, Zhang N, Du P, Yang Y (2019).
2616:
2326:
1821:
728:
668:
608:
According to a 2022 umbrella review of meta-analyses, the use of H
415:
31:
2320:
3871:
3435:
2733:
1697:
461:(ECL) in the stomach is blocked from binding on parietal cell H
1367:
Zhou H, Zhou Y, Ping Y, Tian S, Li G, Cui Y, Zheng B (2019).
537:
People who suffer from infrequent heartburn may take either
398:(common brand name Zantac) was developed by Glaxo (also now
554:
since they have been shown to promote healing better than H
1133:
Eom CS, Jeon CY, Lim JW, Cho EG, Park SM, Lee KS (2011).
410:(QSAR). Glaxo refined the model further by replacing the
310:
antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
145:
antagonists, which all end in "-tidine", are a type of
1726:
901:
European
Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
598:, all of which are reversible upon discontinuation.
473:) have a reduced effect on parietal cells when the H
5351:
5307:
5295:
5165:
5106:
5094:
4929:
4875:
4863:
3964:
3920:
3908:
3778:
3667:
3631:
3561:
3532:
3479:
3390:
3345:
3312:
3277:
3218:
3176:
3147:
3138:
3097:
3050:
3021:
2953:
2940:
2926:
2911:
2894:
2887:
2767:
2643:
2615:
2571:
2380:
2315:
2278:
2226:
2139:
2083:
2043:
2000:
1884:
1820:
1732:
913:Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, et al. (2015).
380:. It was proposed that the toxicity arose from the
353:receptor. Burimamide is 100 times more potent than
1101:Miller's Anesthesia Airway management in the Adult
437:becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years.
1465:Thilagarajah R, Witherow RO, Walker MM (2001).
1416:Thilagarajah R, Witherow RO, Walker MM (2001).
1259:Stromberga Z, Chess-Williams R, Moro C (2019).
1081:2005. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook.
357:-guanylhistamine, proving its efficacy on the H
3883:
3786:Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline
3447:
2745:
1709:
1373:Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
1103:(8th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1647–1681.
408:quantitative structure-activity relationships
210:quantitative structure-activity relationships
8:
1724:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
1606:
1604:
102:antagonists can be used in the treatment of
1316:Rudick CN, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ (2009).
731:levels. Many drugs are affected, including
368:of the compound, led to the development of
294:Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H
5304:
5103:
4872:
3917:
3890:
3876:
3868:
3454:
3440:
3432:
3144:
2950:
2937:
2891:
2752:
2738:
2730:
1716:
1702:
1694:
1613:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1584:
1574:
1482:
1433:
1384:
1343:
1333:
1292:
1243:
1158:
1013:
938:
545:receptor antagonists for treatment. The H
196:at Smith, Kline & French – now
1071:
1069:
841:
589:, constipation, and rash. In addition,
2703:Pharmacological classification systems
2070:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
787:, and some recreational drugs such as
3801:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
2350:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
518:(a specific indication of ranitidine)
333:receptor. The first breakthrough was
7:
1185:The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
994:Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
861:from the original on 1 December 2018
268:(Stogar, Lafaxid, Ildong Lafutidine)
1963:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
963:"Sir James W. Black - Biographical"
585:, tiredness, dizziness, confusion,
280:(withdrawn as causing liver damage)
94:. This decreases the production of
4155:Etybenzatropine (ethylbenztropine)
3359:Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
3303:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
969:from the original on 23 April 2015
692:and elimination through the liver
25:
3250:Acetylcholine receptor antagonist
3012:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
849:Francis KL Chan (21 April 2017).
3791:Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin
2712:
2692:
2691:
1668:10.2165/00003088-198409060-00002
1625:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00021.x
1528:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02258.x
1484:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02031.x
1435:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02031.x
899:. A correction was published in
232:This list may not be exhaustive.
5409:Monoamine metabolism modulators
3378:Vasopressin receptor antagonist
3292:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
2100:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
504:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
112:gastroesophageal reflux disease
3364:Endothelin receptor antagonist
3228:Acetylcholine receptor agonist
2987:Adrenergic receptor antagonist
114:. They have been surpassed by
1:
5414:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
5404:Receptor/signaling modulators
3196:Glutamate receptor antagonist
3112:Serotonin receptor antagonist
3065:Histamine receptor antagonist
2840:Negative allosteric modulator
2834:Positive allosteric modulator
1852:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
1078:Australian Medicines Handbook
1052:10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80365-0
798:The more recently developed H
793:methylenedioxymethamphetamine
337:-guanylhistamine, a partial H
3353:Adenosine reuptake inhibitor
3287:Cannabinoid receptor agonist
3206:Glutamate reuptake inhibitor
3125:Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
3036:Dopamine receptor antagonist
2563:Wakefulness-promoting agents
274:(discontinued as carcinogen)
5037:Quisultazine (quisultidine)
4684:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3041:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
2963:Adrenergic receptor agonist
1226:Aizawa N, Fujita T (2023).
1173:(adjusted odds ratio 1.22)
1006:10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-10-rv-062
883:Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
491:gastrointestinal conditions
459:enterochromaffin-like cells
414:-ring of cimetidine with a
58:, sometimes referred to as
5451:
4000:Benzatropine (benztropine)
3332:Opioid receptor antagonist
3186:Glutamate receptor agonist
3107:Serotonin receptor agonist
3060:Histamine receptor agonist
2213:Intravenous immunoglobulin
1285:10.1038/s41598-019-40384-1
1245:10.1016/j.cont.2023.100808
366:acid dissociation constant
315:traditional antihistamines
306:, and others to develop a
231:
5396:
4714:Tricyclic antidepressants
4570:Sequifenadine (bicarphen)
3828:
3809:
3031:Dopamine receptor agonist
2687:
1656:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
1576:10.1186/s12894-019-0548-3
1115:"Cimetidine Side Effects"
769:tricyclic antidepressants
204:, which became the first
74:that block the action of
4352:Second/third-generation:
4185:Hydroxyethylpromethazine
3297:Endocannabinoid enhancer
3243:Cholinesterase inhibitor
3162:GABA receptor antagonist
2268:Topoisomerase inhibitors
1952:renin–angiotensin system
1946:Calcium channel blockers
777:calcium channel blockers
577:Infrequent ADRs include
169:antagonists function as
5435:H2 receptor antagonists
4992:Lavoltidine (loxtidine)
4605:Atypical antipsychotics
4550:Quifenadine (phencarol)
4215:Mepyramine (pyrilamine)
3975:4-Methyldiphenhydramine
3509:Lavoltidine (loxtidine)
3337:Enkephalinase inhibitor
3327:Opioid receptor agonist
3167:GABA reuptake inhibitor
2872:♦ Miscellaneous:
919:Pharmacological Reviews
477:receptors are blocked.
290:History and development
4768:Typical antipsychotics
3796:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin
3633:Potassium-competitive
3563:Proton-pump inhibitors
2920:Ion channel modulators
2060:Hormonal contraception
1990:Bile acid sequestrants
1771:Proton-pump inhibitors
1734:gastrointestinal tract
1335:10.1186/1471-2490-9-16
1075:Rossi S (Ed.) (2005).
988:Guengerich FP (2011).
681:
550:treatment for erosive
525:during surgery. Oral H
523:aspiration pneumonitis
424:adverse drug reactions
347:competitive antagonist
116:proton pump inhibitors
48:
4734:dosulepin (dothiepin)
3819:eradication protocols
3675:Aceglutamide aluminum
3157:GABA receptor agonist
1040:Journal of Hepatology
931:10.1124/pr.114.010249
672:
614:Clostridium difficile
581:. Rare ADRs include:
179:constitutive activity
35:
3690:Arbaclofen placarbil
2669:Radiopharmaceuticals
2457:Antiparkinson agents
830:-receptor antagonist
821:-receptor antagonist
224:and be more potent.
181:of these receptors.
175:receptor antagonists
43:, the prototypical H
37:Ball-and-stick model
27:Class of medications
4115:Dexchlorpheniramine
3928:2-Pyridylethylamine
3817:Helicobacter pylori
3373:receptor antagonist
2452:Antimigraine agents
2442:Antidementia agents
2345:Anti-inflammatories
2035:Medicated dressings
1975:Antihyperlipidemics
1802:Diabetes medication
1277:2019NatSR...9.3899S
1151:10.1503/cmaj.092129
384:group, and similar
192:, was developed by
188:antagonist, called
165:antagonists, some H
124:reflux oesophagitis
47:receptor antagonist
4180:Homochlorcyclizine
4110:Dexbrompheniramine
3899:Histamine receptor
3855:Never to phase III
3695:Bismuth subcitrate
2761:Pharmacomodulation
2305:Immunosuppressants
2175:Antimycobacterials
2131:Antithyroid agents
2115:Mineralocorticoids
1919:Cardiac stimulants
1909:Cardiac glycosides
1901:cardiac therapy /
1797:Anti-obesity drugs
1619:(Suppl 3): 18–26.
1386:10.1111/jcpt.12845
1265:Scientific Reports
1120:2017-11-07 at the
965:. Nobelprize.org.
855:ClinicalTrials.gov
775:, dihydropyridine
682:
605:antagonist users.
308:histamine receptor
184:The prototypical H
159:allergic reactions
49:
5422:
5421:
5392:
5391:
5320:α-Methylhistamine
5315:4-Methylhistamine
5291:
5290:
5114:α-Methylhistamine
5090:
5089:
4859:
4858:
4808:Unknown/unsorted:
4666:hydroxynefazodone
3972:First-generation:
3865:
3864:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3386:
3385:
3214:
3213:
3134:
3133:
2904:Enzyme inhibition
2727:
2726:
2630:Ophthalmologicals
2340:Anabolic steroids
2243:Anticancer agents
2206:Ectoparasiticides
1926:Antihypertensives
1874:Antifibrinolytics
1516:BJU International
1471:BJU International
1422:BJU International
1197:10.1002/jcph.2147
665:Drug interactions
304:C. Robin Ganellin
222:drug interactions
70:, are a class of
16:(Redirected from
5442:
5332:
5305:
5146:
5104:
4915:
4873:
4792:prochlorperazine
4659:Phenylpiperazine
4275:Phenyltoloxamine
4135:Diphenylpyraline
4055:Chlorphenoxamine
3950:
3918:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3869:
3765:Zinc L-carnosine
3456:
3449:
3442:
3433:
3403:Enzyme cofactors
3322:Opioid modulator
3279:Cannabinoidergic
3145:
2951:
2938:
2892:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2716:
2695:
2694:
2679:Senotherapeutics
2533:Neuroprotectives
2528:Mood stabilizers
2427:Anti-ADHD agents
2367:Muscle relaxants
2300:Immunostimulants
2295:Immunomodulators
2127:Thyroid hormones
2065:Fertility agents
1968:Renin inhibitors
1859:Antihemorrhagics
1826:forming organs (
1812:Dietary minerals
1718:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1486:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1437:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1388:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1130:
1124:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1017:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
959:
953:
952:
942:
910:
904:
898:
877:
871:
870:
868:
866:
846:
686:pharmacokinetics
674:Skeletal formula
625:Bladder diseases
216:, first sold as
206:blockbuster drug
171:inverse agonists
157:, which relieve
118:(PPIs). The PPI
62:and also called
21:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5388:
5347:
5330:
5300:
5287:
5161:
5144:
5099:
5086:
4925:
4913:
4868:
4855:
4662:antidepressants
4195:Isopromethazine
4130:Diphenhydramine
4015:Brompheniramine
3960:
3948:
3913:
3904:
3896:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3845:Clinical trials
3824:
3805:
3774:
3663:
3634:
3627:
3578:Dexlansoprazole
3565:
3557:
3537:
3528:
3484:
3475:
3460:
3430:
3421:
3382:
3372:
3341:
3308:
3273:
3210:
3172:
3130:
3119:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3046:
3017:
2931:
2922:
2907:
2883:
2829:Inverse agonist
2819:Partial agonist
2763:
2758:
2728:
2723:
2719:Medicine portal
2683:
2639:
2611:
2606:
2598:Cough medicines
2593:Bronchodilators
2574:
2567:
2447:Antidepressants
2437:Anticonvulsants
2385:
2376:
2372:Bisphosphonates
2362:Corticosteroids
2324:
2311:
2283:
2274:
2258:Spindle poisons
2248:Antimetabolites
2231:
2222:
2144:
2135:
2110:Glucocorticoids
2105:Corticosteroids
2086:
2079:
2046:
2039:
1996:
1914:Antiarrhythmics
1887:
1880:
1837:Antithrombotics
1825:
1816:
1792:Antipropulsives
1788:Antidiarrhoeals
1765:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1692:
1691:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1122:Wayback Machine
1112:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1074:
1067:
1036:
1035:
1031:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
961:
960:
956:
912:
911:
907:
879:
878:
874:
864:
862:
848:
847:
843:
838:
829:
820:
813:
801:
773:benzodiazepines
694:cytochrome P450
690:drug metabolism
684:With regard to
667:
660:
655:
651:
647:
640:
632:
627:
622:
611:
604:
573:
569:
564:
562:Adverse effects
557:
548:
544:
532:
528:
488:
483:
476:
464:
454:
448:
443:
432:
405:
400:GlaxoSmithKline
391:
378:agranulocytosis
360:
352:
340:
332:
325:
321:
297:
292:
233:
230:
198:GlaxoSmithKline
194:Sir James Black
187:
168:
164:
154:
144:
129:
101:
83:
67:
55:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5448:
5446:
5438:
5437:
5427:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5243:Iodophenpropit
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4772:chlorpromazine
4765:
4711:
4681:
4656:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Levocetirizine
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4425:Clobenztropine
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4340:Tripelennamine
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4175:Histapyrrodine
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4120:Dimenhydrinate
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4090:Cyproheptadine
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4050:Chlorphenamine
4047:
4042:
4040:Chloropyramine
4037:
4035:Chlorcyclizine
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3534:Prostaglandins
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2935:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2900:
2898:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Contrast media
2661:
2655:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2617:sensory organs
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Antipsychotics
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:Antiaddictives
2429:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2387:nervous system
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Antirheumatics
2354:
2353:
2352:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2291:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2263:Antineoplastic
2260:
2255:
2250:
2239:
2237:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Antiprotozoals
2191:Antiparasitics
2188:
2183:
2178:
2171:Antibacterials
2167:Antimicrobials
2163:
2161:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2030:Antipsoriatics
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:ACE inhibitors
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1897:
1895:
1886:cardiovascular
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1847:Anticoagulants
1844:
1833:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1746:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1662:(6): 493–510.
1646:
1600:
1549:
1522:(3): 183–186.
1506:
1477:(3): 207–212.
1457:
1428:(3): 207–212.
1408:
1379:(5): 796–799.
1359:
1308:
1251:
1218:
1175:
1125:
1106:
1091:
1065:
1046:(3): 583–586.
1029:
980:
954:
905:
872:
840:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
827:
823:
818:
812:
809:
799:
725:concentrations
666:
663:
658:
653:
649:
645:
638:
630:
626:
623:
621:
618:
609:
602:
574:antagonists:
571:
567:
563:
560:
555:
546:
542:
535:
534:
530:
526:
521:Prevention of
519:
514:Prevention of
512:
507:
501:
486:
482:
479:
474:
462:
452:
446:
442:
439:
430:
403:
389:
374:nephrotoxicity
358:
350:
338:
330:
323:
319:
300:James W. Black
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:
281:
275:
269:
263:
258:
252:
246:
240:
229:
226:
185:
166:
162:
152:
142:
127:
99:
88:parietal cells
81:
65:
53:
44:
26:
24:
18:H2 antagonists
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5447:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5294:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5093:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4862:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4758:protriptyline
4755:
4754:nortriptyline
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4718:amitriptyline
4715:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4678:triazoledione
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4621:brilaroxazine
4618:
4617:brexpiprazole
4614:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:Levocabastine
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Desloratadine
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Thenyldiamine
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:Pyrrobutamine
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4230:Methapyrilene
4228:
4226:
4225:Methafurylene
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:Carbinoxamine
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Carbenoxolone
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:acid blockers
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Tenatoprazole
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:Miscellaneous
3389:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3178:Glutamatergic
3175:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3052:Histaminergic
3049:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Decongestants
2586:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Dissociatives
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:Hallucinogens
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Anthelmintics
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:genitourinary
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Antipruritics
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:Beta blockers
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Antiplatelets
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:0-9578521-9-3
1084:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
984:
981:
968:
964:
958:
955:
950:
946:
941:
936:
932:
928:
925:(3): 601–55.
924:
920:
916:
909:
906:
902:
896:
892:
889:(5): 467–75.
888:
884:
876:
873:
860:
856:
852:
845:
842:
835:
831:
824:
822:
815:
814:
810:
808:
806:
796:
794:
790:
786:
785:metronidazole
782:
781:sulfonylureas
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
642:
635:
624:
619:
617:
615:
606:
599:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
561:
559:
558:antagonists.
553:
540:
524:
520:
517:
513:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:disease (PUD)
499:
496:
495:
494:
493:, including:
492:
481:Clinical uses
480:
478:
472:
471:acetylcholine
468:
460:
456:
440:
438:
436:
427:
425:
421:
418:-ring with a
417:
413:
409:
406:receptor and
401:
397:
393:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
356:
348:
345:, a specific
344:
336:
327:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
289:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:(Tazac, Axid)
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
228:Class members
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:. The use of
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
180:
177:, due to the
176:
172:
160:
156:
148:
147:antihistamine
139:
137:
133:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:peptic ulcers
105:
97:
93:
89:
85:
77:
73:
69:
61:
57:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
5374:Thioperamide
5278:Thioperamide
5218:Clobenpropit
5139:Immethridine
5042:Ramixotidine
5012:Niperotidine
4977:Isolamtidine
4937:Bisfentidine
4846:Trelnarizine
4826:Flotrenizine
4807:
4796:thioridazine
4788:perphenazine
4780:fluphenazine
4776:flupenthixol
4762:trimipramine
4726:clomipramine
4722:butriptyline
4708:oxaprotiline
4637:paliperidone
4609:aripiprazole
4601:
4545:Piclopastine
4475:Latrepirdine
4465:Flezelastine
4460:Fexofenadine
4445:Efletirizine
4351:
4345:Triprolidine
4335:Tolpropamine
4330:Thonzylamine
4325:Thiazinamium
4300:Propiomazine
4295:Promethazine
4265:Phenindamine
4245:Orphenadrine
4235:Methdilazine
4200:Isothipendyl
4150:Etodroxizine
4080:Cloperastine
3971:
3816:
3813:
3779:Combinations
3745:Sulglicotide
3685:Alginic acid
3603:Pantoprazole
3593:Lansoprazole
3583:Esomeprazole
3573:Azeloprazole
3566:("-prazole")
3464:peptic ulcer
3413:
3401:
3099:Serotonergic
3023:Dopaminergic
2902:
2502:Psychedelics
2472:Aphrodisiacs
2146:infestations
2122:Sex hormones
2075:Sex hormones
2020:Cicatrizants
1950:
1936:Vasodilators
1903:antianginals
1900:
1752:stomach acid
1751:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1616:
1612:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1145:(3): 310–9.
1142:
1138:
1128:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1076:
1043:
1039:
1032:
997:
993:
983:
971:. Retrieved
957:
922:
918:
908:
900:
886:
882:
875:
863:. Retrieved
854:
844:
797:
737:theophylline
683:
643:
636:
628:
613:
607:
600:
591:gynecomastia
576:
565:
536:
533:antagonists.
516:stress ulcer
498:Peptic ulcer
484:
444:
441:Pharmacology
428:
394:
392:antagonist.
363:
354:
334:
328:
312:
293:
278:niperotidine
183:
173:rather than
161:. Like the H
140:
96:stomach acid
63:
59:
51:
50:
29:
5359:JNJ-7777120
5352:Antagonists
5263:PF-03654746
5258:NNC 38-1049
5253:JNJ-5207852
5238:Impentamine
5203:Betahistine
5166:Antagonists
5119:Cipralisant
5082:Zolantidine
5072:Venritidine
5007:Mifentidine
4952:Dalcotidine
4930:Antagonists
4908:Impromidine
4836:Napactadine
4800:thiothixene
4750:lofepramine
4730:desipramine
4704:mirtazapine
4696:maprotiline
4649:ziprasidone
4645:risperidone
4629:iloperidone
4585:Terfenadine
4580:Temelastine
4530:Olopatadine
4520:Noberastine
4510:Mizolastine
4505:Mebhydrolin
4500:Mapinastine
4490:Linetastine
4405:Carebastine
4390:Bepotastine
4375:Bamirastine
4355:Acrivastine
4315:Thenalidine
4280:Pimethixene
4270:Pheniramine
4255:Oxomemazine
4220:Mequitazine
4210:Medrylamine
4190:Hydroxyzine
4170:Flunarizine
4165:Fenethazine
4160:Etymemazine
4125:Dimetindene
4100:Decloxizine
4075:Clocinizine
4070:Clobenzepam
4060:Cinnarizine
4005:Bepotastine
3980:Alimemazine
3965:Antagonists
3933:Betahistine
3841:from market
3750:Telenzepine
3725:Pirenzepine
3720:Lesogaberan
3715:Irsogladine
3680:Acetoxolone
3637:("-prazan")
3623:Timoprazole
3613:Rabeprazole
3608:Picoprazole
3548:Misoprostol
3541:("-prost-")
3487:("-tidine")
3485:antagonists
3415:Amino acids
3314:Opioidergic
3220:Cholinergic
2933:transporter
2913:Ion channel
2849:Transporter
2793:Ion channel
2635:Otologicals
2607:antagonists
2573:respiratory
2548:Orexigenics
2543:Neurotoxins
2492:Euphoriants
2482:Entactogens
2477:Depressants
2467:Anxiolytics
2405:Anesthetics
2181:Antifungals
1778:Antiemetics
1766:antagonists
1563:BMC Urology
1322:BMC Urology
1271:(1): 3899.
1191:(1): 7–20.
1000:(1): 3–14.
903:1996;8:192.
753:propranolol
657:histamine H
579:hypotension
552:esophagitis
506:(GERD/GORD)
272:lavoltidine
155:antagonists
80:histamine H
72:medications
56:antagonists
5379:Toreforant
5369:Seliforant
5333:-Histidine
5268:Pitolisant
5248:Irdabisant
5233:GSK-189254
5213:Ciproxifan
5208:Burimamide
5152:Methimepip
5147:-Histidine
5067:Tuvatidine
5057:Sufotidine
5052:Roxatidine
5047:Ranitidine
5032:Pibutidine
5027:Oxmetidine
5017:Nizatidine
4997:Lupitidine
4982:Lafutidine
4972:Famotidine
4967:Etintidine
4962:Ebrotidine
4957:Donetidine
4947:Cimetidine
4942:Burimamide
4916:-Histidine
4841:Tagorizine
4831:GSK1004723
4821:Elbanizine
4816:Belarizine
4742:imipramine
4670:nefazodone
4641:quetiapine
4633:olanzapine
4590:Vapitadine
4560:Rupatadine
4540:Pibaxizine
4495:Loratadine
4455:Epinastine
4450:Emedastine
4415:Clemastine
4410:Cetirizine
4400:Cabastinen
4385:Bepiastine
4380:Barmastine
4370:Azelastine
4365:Astemizole
4360:Alinastine
4290:Pipoxizine
4140:Doxylamine
4105:Deptropine
4095:Dacemazine
4065:Clemastine
4045:Chlorothen
4025:Captodiame
3985:Antazoline
3951:-Histidine
3902:modulators
3814:See also:
3770:Zolimidine
3740:Sucralfate
3735:Rebamipide
3730:Proglumide
3659:Vonoprazan
3654:Soraprazan
3649:Revaprazan
3644:Linaprazan
3598:Omeprazole
3588:Ilaprazole
3524:Roxatidine
3519:Ranitidine
3514:Nizatidine
3504:Lafutidine
3499:Famotidine
3494:Cimetidine
3462:Drugs for
3263:Ganglionic
3254:Muscarinic
3232:Muscarinic
2955:Adrenergic
2824:Antagonist
2558:Stimulants
2538:Nootropics
2512:Deliriants
2487:Entheogens
2422:Anorectics
2400:Analgesics
2253:Alkylating
2186:Antivirals
2141:infections
2015:Emollients
1869:Coagulants
1739:metabolism
1569:(1): 115.
1238:: 100808.
1232:Continence
1113:Drugs.com
865:1 November
836:References
805:Famotidine
761:metoprolol
678:famotidine
435:omeprazole
396:Ranitidine
361:receptor.
343:burimamide
284:sufotidine
266:lafutidine
261:roxatidine
255:nizatidine
249:famotidine
243:ranitidine
237:cimetidine
214:ranitidine
190:cimetidine
136:cimetidine
132:ranitidine
126:than the H
120:omeprazole
41:cimetidine
5364:Mianserin
5325:Histamine
5273:SCH-79687
5228:Enerisant
5223:Conessine
5124:Histamine
5077:Xaltidine
5062:Tiotidine
5022:Osutidine
5002:Metiamide
4987:Lamtidine
4898:Histamine
4883:Amthamine
4851:Trenizine
4746:iprindole
4700:mianserin
4688:amoxapine
4674:trazodone
4625:clozapine
4613:asenapine
4595:Zepastine
4575:Talastine
4565:Setastine
4555:Rocastine
4535:Perastine
4525:Octastine
4515:Moxastine
4470:Ketotifen
4435:Dorastine
4420:Clemizole
4395:Bilastine
4310:Talastine
4285:Piperoxan
4260:Perlapine
4250:Oxatomide
4240:Moxastine
4205:Meclozine
4145:Embramine
4085:Cyclizine
4020:Buclizine
4010:Bromazine
3990:Azatadine
3938:Histamine
3851:Phase III
3839:Withdrawn
3760:Troxipide
3755:Teprenone
3710:Gefarnate
3705:Cetraxate
3553:Enprostil
3539:analogues
3468:GERD/GORD
3410:Precursor
3259:Nicotinic
3237:Nicotinic
3149:GABAergic
2874:Precursor
2859:Inhibitor
2785:Inhibitor
2708:ATC codes
2674:Dressings
2659:Antidotes
2523:Sedatives
2519:Hypnotics
2228:malignant
2085:endocrine
1931:Diuretics
1864:Platelets
1824:and blood
1783:Laxatives
1403:143433911
1213:251931004
765:methadone
757:labetalol
749:quinidine
745:lidocaine
741:phenytoin
596:impotence
510:Dyspepsia
412:imidazole
386:guanidine
370:metiamide
239:(Tagamet)
130:blockers
104:dyspepsia
84:receptors
76:histamine
5429:Category
5400:See also
5384:VUF-6002
5343:VUF-8430
5308:Agonists
5283:VUF-5681
5198:Bavisant
5178:A-423579
5173:A-349821
5157:Proxyfan
5107:Agonists
4893:Dimaprit
4888:Betazole
4876:Agonists
4811:Azanator
4784:loxapine
4692:loxapine
4653:zotepine
4440:Ebastine
3995:Bamipine
3921:Agonists
3398:Cofactor
3268:Muscular
2928:Receptor
2879:Cofactor
2865:Releaser
2853:Enhancer
2847:♦
2810:Receptor
2808:♦
2791:♦
2774:♦
2553:Serenics
2218:Vaccines
1985:Fibrates
1807:Vitamins
1757:Antacids
1684:10715649
1633:10491725
1595:31718622
1544:19989194
1536:11488726
1501:41415547
1493:11167643
1452:41415547
1444:11167643
1395:31049996
1354:19909543
1303:30846750
1205:36039014
1169:21173070
1118:Archived
1024:20978361
967:Archived
949:26084539
859:Archived
811:See also
795:(MDMA).
733:warfarin
620:Research
587:diarrhea
583:headache
539:antacids
455:receptor
420:nitrogen
382:thiourea
349:at the H
251:(Pepcid)
68:blockers
5193:AZD5213
5188:ABT-652
5183:ABT-239
5134:Immepip
4921:UR-AK49
4770:(e.g.,
4738:doxepin
4716:(e.g.,
4686:(e.g.,
4664:(e.g.,
4607:(e.g.,
4602:Others:
3956:UR-AK49
3355:(AdoRI)
3305:(eCBRI)
2888:Classes
2814:Agonist
2802:Blocker
2780:Inducer
2410:General
2317:muscles
2286:L03–L04
2282:disease
2234:L01–L02
2230:disease
1980:Statins
1676:6096071
1641:2089156
1586:6852726
1345:2781023
1294:6405771
1273:Bibcode
1160:3042441
1060:9314138
1015:4707670
973:7 April
940:4485016
895:7614110
789:ethanol
771:, some
706:CYP2C19
467:gastrin
202:Tagamet
92:stomach
90:in the
86:of the
78:at the
5338:OUP-16
5129:Imetit
3834:WHO-EM
3668:Others
3299:(eCBE)
2896:Enzyme
2797:Opener
2776:Enzyme
2717:
2696:
2644:other
2575:system
2327:joints
2280:immune
2087:system
2047:system
1888:system
1682:
1674:
1639:
1631:
1593:
1583:
1542:
1534:
1499:
1491:
1450:
1442:
1401:
1393:
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1342:
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1301:
1291:
1211:
1203:
1167:
1157:
1085:
1058:
1022:
1012:
947:
937:
893:
718:CYP3A4
714:CYP2E1
710:CYP2D6
702:CYP2C9
698:CYP1A2
218:Zantac
3412:(see
3400:(see
3346:Other
3169:(GRI)
3127:(SRI)
3043:(DRI)
3014:(NRI)
2930:&
2842:(NAM)
2836:(PAM)
2768:Types
2698:Drugs
2415:Local
2382:brain
2321:bones
1822:blood
1680:S2CID
1637:S2CID
1540:S2CID
1497:S2CID
1448:S2CID
1399:S2CID
1209:S2CID
729:toxic
722:serum
445:The H
416:furan
60:H2RAs
4903:HTMT
3943:HTMT
3536:(E)/
3472:A02B
3466:and
3200:NMDA
3190:AMPA
3116:5-HT
2918:See
2901:see
2867:(RA)
2861:(RI)
2855:(RE)
2325:and
2002:skin
1672:PMID
1629:PMID
1591:PMID
1532:PMID
1489:PMID
1440:PMID
1391:PMID
1350:PMID
1299:PMID
1201:PMID
1165:PMID
1139:CMAJ
1083:ISBN
1056:PMID
1020:PMID
975:2015
945:PMID
891:PMID
867:2017
791:and
541:or H
469:and
376:and
134:and
110:and
2646:ATC
2384:and
2143:and
1664:doi
1621:doi
1581:PMC
1571:doi
1524:doi
1479:doi
1430:doi
1381:doi
1340:PMC
1330:doi
1289:PMC
1281:doi
1240:doi
1193:doi
1155:PMC
1147:doi
1143:183
1048:doi
1010:PMC
1002:doi
935:PMC
927:doi
727:to
676:of
98:. H
39:of
5431::
4798:,
4794:,
4790:,
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3847::
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3140:AA
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2851::
2812::
2795::
2778::
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390:2
359:2
355:N
351:2
339:2
335:N
331:2
324:2
320:1
318:H
296:2
186:2
167:2
163:1
153:1
151:H
143:2
141:H
128:2
100:2
82:2
66:2
64:H
54:2
52:H
45:2
20:)
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