40:
598:
698:
specified for political criminals, and in 1965 he was sentenced to 14 years in prison. Chinese authority claims that about 2,100 people were persecuted, 92 were arrested, and 72 were detained concerning Hu. Among them, 78 were confirmed as a member or accomplice of the "Hu Feng
Counter-revolutionary
730:
In 1979, Hu Feng was released from prison. In
September 1980, he was partly rehabilitated when the CCCPC overturned its decision on the "Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique", yet CCCPC did not overturn previous accusations towards Hu Feng. He was then made a standing member of the
541:
poets, made paradigmatic distinctions between new and old, free verse and national forms, and, by extension, poetry-driven revolution... and poetry for the
Revolution." Due to the war, Hu Feng moved the publication of
738:
Hu Feng died of cancer in
Beijing on June 8, 1985. China's Ministry of Public Security cancelled some of his accusations in April 1986, and CCCPC cancelled all accusations in June 1988.
680:) submitted his correspondence with Hu Feng and other materials, accusing Hu of forming anti-revolutionary cliques. Mao wrote a foreword to Shu Wu's letters and materials and instructed
732:
662:
392:
666:
327:
570:
1166:
658:
637:). Ruth Y.Y. Hung observed that, "For Hu, any type of formulism in general, and traditional and popular national forms specifically, derived from a
1324:
1061:
1192:
657:
In July 1954, Hu Feng delivered a 300,000-word report, titled "Report on the Real
Situation in Literature and Art Since Liberation", to the
1096:
1339:
606:
331:
39:
641:'ruling-class' ethic and had no prerogative claim on New Poetry." In the 1940s and 1950s, Hu Feng's theory was criticized frequently.
1036:
900:
1222:
1334:
718:. Hu Feng was again arrested in November 1967. In January 1970, Hu Feng was accused of desecrating the portrait of Mao and was
400:
554:
from March 1942 to March 1943, and returned to
Chongqing after then. In 1945, Hu Feng became the chief-editor of the magazine
439:
to study
English. Then, in 1933, he was evicted from Japan for organizing anti-Japanese groups among fellow Chinese students.
1319:
384:
215:
148:
735:
and restored as a member of the China
Federation of Literary and Art Circles and a member of the China Writers Association.
858:
837:
825:
813:
798:
778:
687:
673:
630:
622:
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468:
339:
290:
229:
162:
64:
1314:
927:
1329:
863:
746:
Besides his occupation as an editor, Hu Feng was also a translator and literary theorist. In 1935, Hu Feng translated
452:
323:
786:
715:
522:
383:, capital of Hubei, in 1920. He transferred to the High School Affiliated to the National Southeastern University (
790:
574:
519:
351:
707:
412:
1170:
1116:
686:
to publish them under the title "Certain
Materials Regarding the Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique" (
1309:
1304:
577:, and a member of the First National People's Congress of China. During this time, he wrote the poem
703:
424:
1196:
1002:
618:
420:
1100:
1057:
1032:
896:
770:
719:
682:
476:
416:
319:
569:
After the founding of the People's
Republic of China in 1949, Hu Feng became a member of the
504:
994:
957:(in Simplified Chinese). Hubei People's Political Consultative Conference. 15 September 2014
774:
338:, but was then heavily persecuted as the chief of the Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique (
252:
185:
1226:
1129:
695:
614:
432:
868:
602:
1230:
1298:
1006:
638:
259:
192:
1143:
954:
451:
in 1933 and became both the head of publicity and the executive secretary of the
808:
Hu Feng published several theoretical works in the 1940s. In 1941, he published
90:
1244:
379:
artisan. He started school in his village in 1913 and entered middle school in
1077:
650:, requesting that it critique Hu Feng's literary theory again. In early 1952,
646:
626:
597:
428:
547:
496:
589:), which is a lengthy historical epic celebrating the founding of the PRC.
427:. Soon he quit school and returned to his hometown. He later served in the
998:
1268:
The Problematic of Self in Modern Chinese Literature: Hu Feng and Lu Ling
747:
500:
475:, literally "The Sawdust Journal"), which was published with the help of
448:
785:). He also translated some stories written in Japanese by authors from
711:
460:
380:
308:
128:
106:
20:
982:
853:
551:
492:
456:
396:
368:
311:
298:
82:
1282:
Buglers on the Home Front: The Wartime Practice of the Qiyue School
537:). According to Ruth Y.Y. Hung, "Hu and his associate writers, the
436:
376:
372:
347:
335:
86:
315:
1275:
Hu Feng: A Marxist Intellectual in a Communist State, 1930–1955
824:("The National War and the Disposition of Literature and Art",
983:"Time Has Begun: Hu Feng's Poesis in Socialist China, 1937-50"
110:
694:). On May 17, Hu Feng was then arrested. He was detained at
525:
in 1937, Hu Feng became the chief-editor of the magazine
1169:(in Simplified Chinese). 《人民公安》2000年第02期. Archived from
354:
in 1980 and fully rehabilitated, posthumously, in 1988.
264:
197:
1084:(in Simplified Chinese). pp. Vol.5, pp. 112–15.
419:
later in the year. In 1926, he transferred to study
793:, which are altogether published in the collection
663:
Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
479:. In 1936, he co-founded and co-edited the journal
393:
High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University
258:
251:
246:
228:
214:
209:
191:
184:
179:
161:
147:
142:
124:
116:
96:
59:
49:
30:
733:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
16:Chinese Marxist writer, poet and literary theorist
307:, November 2, 1902 – June 8, 1985) was a Chinese
667:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
550:in September 1938. Hu Feng stayed for a year in
1099:(in Simplified Chinese). 《文史精华》. Archived from
761:
1146:(in Simplified Chinese). People's Daily Online
1031:(in Simplified Chinese). 北京大学出版社. p. 41.
755:
699:Clique", and 23 were regarded as key members.
669:(CCCPC) requesting that it criticize Hu Feng.
629:, especially on the issue of "National Form" (
234:
220:
167:
153:
8:
571:China Federation of Literary and Art Circles
491:) with others, which published the works of
930:(in Simplified Chinese). 凤凰文化. 15 July 2009
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
44:Hu Feng and his wife Mei Zhi, December 1933
1249:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 October 2021
463:. In 1935, he secretly edited the journal
328:founding of the People's Republic of China
243:
176:
38:
27:
987:Canadian Review of Comparative Literature
1216:
1214:
886:
884:
659:Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
617:often conflicted with those of orthodox
601:Left: Hu Feng in 1954; Right: Hu Feng's
596:
880:
395:), which was also the school of writer
1125:
1114:
949:
947:
945:
976:
974:
972:
411:In 1925, Hu Feng participated in the
7:
706:, Hu Feng and his wife were sent to
455:. He became closely acquainted with
346:). The persecution became a massive
607:China's Ministry of Public Security
375:on November 2, 1902, as a son of a
322:. He was a prominent member of the
1270:(Stanford University Press, 1998).
14:
546:to Wuhan in October 1937, and to
330:, Hu Feng became a member of the
332:First National People's Congress
822:Minzu Zhanzheng Yu Wenyi Xingge
401:Socialist Youth League of China
120:Literary Theorist, Writer, Poet
841:
829:
817:
802:
782:
691:
677:
634:
586:
563:
534:
512:
488:
472:
388:
343:
303:
294:
265:
235:
221:
198:
168:
154:
68:
1:
19:For the Hong Kong actor, see
1325:20th-century Chinese writers
495:and other authors including
864:League of Left-Wing Writers
836:("On the Road of Realism",
762:
672:In early May 1955, Shu Wu (
453:League of Left-Wing Writers
324:League of Left-Wing Writers
1356:
1340:Inmates of Qincheng Prison
665:submitted a report to the
654:publicized these letters.
18:
1289:F: Hu Feng's Prison Years
1225:(in Simplified Chinese).
832:). In 1948, he published
820:). In 1943, he published
756:
575:China Writers Association
280:
276:
242:
175:
138:
134:
37:
981:Hung, Ruth Y.Y. (2017).
797:("The Mountain Spirit",
726:Rehabilitation and death
520:Second Sino-Japanese War
216:Traditional Chinese
149:Traditional Chinese
1165:孙振 (13 December 2006).
810:Lun Minzu Xingshi Wenti
661:. In January 1955, the
644:In 1951, some wrote to
230:Simplified Chinese
163:Simplified Chinese
1335:Keio University alumni
1124:Cite journal requires
834:Lun Xianshizhuyi De Lu
812:("On National Forms",
742:Works and translations
610:
459:. In 1934, he married
431:. In 1929, he entered
413:May Thirtieth Movement
1320:People from Huanggang
1221:周正章 (February 2005).
999:10.1353/crc.2017.0047
702:During the following
600:
593:Political persecution
621:in ideology such as
447:Hu Feng returned to
367:Hu Feng was born in
1315:Chinese art critics
1284:(SUNY Press, 2000).
1277:(SUNY Press, 2020).
1199:on 11 November 2012
704:Cultural Revolution
425:Tsinghua University
1330:Writers from Hubei
1173:on 13 January 2019
1144:""胡风反革命集团"冤案大纪实连载"
1052:曾凡解 (March 2014).
763:Shinbun Haitatsufu
752:The News Deliverer
720:sentenced for life
716:labor re-education
619:Chinese Communists
611:
573:, a member of the
421:western literature
1273:Hung, Y.Y. Ruth,
1063:978-7-5100-3988-1
805:) in April 1936.
443:Literary activism
417:Peking University
320:literary theorist
284:
283:
272:
271:
253:Standard Mandarin
205:
204:
186:Standard Mandarin
1347:
1266:Denton, Kirk A.
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1229:. Archived from
1218:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1195:. Archived from
1189:
1183:
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1024:
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978:
967:
966:
964:
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951:
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939:
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906:
888:
843:
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819:
804:
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767:
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758:
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605:, issued by the
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80:November 2, 1902
79:
77:
70:
63:Zhang Guangren (
42:
28:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1295:
1294:
1280:Shu, Yunzhong,
1263:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1233:on 22 May 2009.
1220:
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979:
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953:
952:
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903:
895:. 北京: 人民文學出版社.
890:
889:
882:
877:
850:
753:
744:
728:
696:Qincheng Prison
615:literary theory
595:
465:Mu Xie Wen Cong
445:
433:Keio University
409:
365:
360:
350:. He was first
348:political purge
105:
101:
81:
75:
73:
72:
55:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1353:
1351:
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1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:(Verso, 2013).
1285:
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1271:
1261:
1260:
1236:
1210:
1184:
1157:
1135:
1126:|journal=
1103:on 23 May 2009
1087:
1069:
1062:
1056:. 广东: 世界图书出版.
1044:
1037:
1019:
993:(3): 579–593.
968:
941:
908:
901:
879:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
869:Sufan movement
866:
861:
856:
849:
846:
743:
740:
727:
724:
683:People's Daily
603:arrest warrant
594:
591:
579:Time Has Begun
477:Kanzō Uchiyama
444:
441:
415:, and entered
408:
405:
364:
361:
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282:
281:
278:
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266:Zhāng Guāngrén
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247:Transcriptions
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180:Transcriptions
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104:(aged 82)
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1211:
1198:
1194:
1193:"1955年胡风事件始末"
1188:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1167:""胡风案件"的前前后后"
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1038:7-301-04039-3
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902:7-02-001705-3
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709:
705:
700:
697:
692:关于胡风反党集团的一些材料
689:
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352:rehabilitated
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210:Personal name
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36:
29:
26:
22:
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1281:
1274:
1267:
1251:. Retrieved
1245:
1239:
1231:the original
1201:. Retrieved
1197:the original
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1138:
1117:cite journal
1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1090:
1081:
1072:
1053:
1047:
1028:
1027:洪子诚 (2003).
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
990:
986:
959:. Retrieved
932:. Retrieved
892:
833:
821:
809:
807:
794:
751:
745:
737:
729:
701:
681:
671:
656:
651:
645:
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568:
555:
543:
538:
526:
517:
480:
464:
446:
410:
399:. He joined
366:
326:. After the
302:
286:
285:
260:Hanyu Pinyin
193:Hanyu Pinyin
143:Chinese name
102:(1985-06-08)
100:June 8, 1985
25:
1310:1985 deaths
1305:1902 births
1253:23 November
1150:23 November
1095:散木 (2008).
1082:《建国以来毛泽东文稿》
1054:作为左翼文化战士的胡风
1012:22 November
961:22 November
955:"胡风的编辑出版生涯"
934:22 November
891:胡風 (1993).
91:Qing Empire
50:Native name
1299:Categories
1287:Zhi, Mei,
1177:13 January
1097:"胡风的五封告别信"
1078:Mao Zedong
875:References
652:Wen Yi Bao
647:Wen Yi Bao
627:Mao Zedong
613:Hu Feng's
518:After the
481:The Petrel
429:Kuomintang
389:国立东南大学附属中学
363:Early life
117:Occupation
76:1902-11-02
1223:"胡风的三次平反"
1007:158939764
859:Zhou Yang
830:民族战争与文艺性格
795:Shan Ling
750:'s story
639:Confucius
623:Zhou Yang
548:Chongqing
523:broke out
497:Nie Gannu
407:Education
1203:28 March
1107:31 March
848:See also
771:Japanese
748:Yang Kui
501:Xiao Jun
449:Shanghai
1246:Hu Feng
1029:中国当代文学史
842:论现实主义的路
838:Chinese
826:Chinese
818:论民族形式问题
814:Chinese
799:Chinese
779:Chinese
775:Chinese
712:Sichuan
688:Chinese
674:Chinese
631:Chinese
625:and of
609:in 1955
583:Chinese
560:Chinese
531:Chinese
509:Chinese
505:Wu Xiru
485:Chinese
469:Chinese
461:Mei Zhi
403:there.
385:Chinese
381:Wuchang
344:胡风反革命集团
340:Chinese
309:Marxist
304:Hú Fēng
291:Chinese
287:Hu Feng
199:Hú Fēng
129:Mei Zhi
107:Beijing
65:Chinese
32:Hu Feng
21:Wu Fung
1060:
1035:
1005:
928:"胡风生平"
899:
854:Lu Xun
840::
828::
816::
801::
787:Taiwan
781::
708:Lushan
690::
676::
633::
585::
562::
552:Guilin
533::
511::
503:, and
493:Lu Xun
487::
471::
457:Lu Xun
397:Ba Jin
391:, now
387::
369:Qichun
342::
312:writer
301::
299:pinyin
293::
125:Spouse
83:Qichun
67::
1227:党史信息报
1003:S2CID
893:胡風回憶錄
791:Korea
773:into
769:from
757:新聞配達夫
587:时间开始了
437:Japan
377:toufu
373:Hubei
336:China
87:Hubei
1255:2021
1205:2008
1179:2019
1152:2021
1130:help
1109:2009
1058:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1014:2021
963:2021
936:2021
897:ISBN
789:and
714:for
635:民族形式
556:Hope
544:July
539:July
527:July
473:木屑文丛
358:Life
318:and
316:poet
97:Died
60:Born
995:doi
844:).
783:送报夫
566:).
515:).
513:吴奚如
435:in
423:at
334:of
236:张光人
222:張光人
111:PRC
69:张光人
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803:山灵
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710:,
678:舒芜
564:希望
535:七月
499:,
489:海燕
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295:胡风
169:胡风
155:胡風
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