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637:"The above-mentioned stone statues are images of Hu people, and scholars have no objection to this. Hu people are the general name given by the Han people in the Central Plains of our country to the foreign ethnic groups in the north and west in ancient China. In the cognitive field of Han people, the concept of Hu people is relatively vague, and it has a tendency to change with time. The Hu in the pre-Qin period refers specifically to the
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315:, the Chinese considered the Hu as "a new type of foreigner" and "This term, whatever its origin, soon came to indicate an 'anthropological type' rather than a specific group or tribe, which the records allow us to identify as early steppe nomads. The Hu were the source of the introduction of cavalry in China."
245:
populations. It is, rather unsatisfactorily, commonly translated as 'barbarian'. While sometimes it was used in this general way to describe people of non-Han descent, and carried the same negative overtones of the
English term, this was not always the case. Most frequently, it was used to denote
499:
Other evidence to support our argument is that
Western, Asian-style architectural elements such as Hu statue columns and arched doorways (Figure 35) indicate the influence of foreign styles in some of the large, high-grade Han pictorial stone tombs currently found in this region, such as the
62:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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262:, recount of numerous encounters with the nomadic tribes of the northern steppes and other alien tribes. At that time, the preferred term to designate them was the "
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
665:"The image of a barbarian with a high nose, deep eyes, and a pointed hat found in Shandong is likely to be some white ethnic group related to the
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542:"Hu" usually refers to horse or mounted nomads, often specifically to the Xiongnu or to peoples within the Xiongnu sphere of influence.
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446:, "Dance of the Whirling Barbarian"), but known as "Sogdian Whirl dance" or simply "Sogdian whirl" to Western scholars. The "
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635:上述石雕像为胡人形象，对此学者们均无异议。胡人是我国古代中原汉人对北方和西方异族的通称。在汉人的认知领域，胡人的概念比较模糊，大致也有个变化的过程。先秦时的胡，专指匈奴，汉晋时期泛指匈奴、鲜卑、羯、氐、羌，"胡人"的范围已由北方逐渐扩大到西部族群。
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
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Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han
Dynasty, First to Second Centuries CE
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222:(胡族, "Hu tribes"), was a rather vague term to designate ancient barbarians, namely populations beyond the
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334:(134–86 BCE) would be described as both a Hu (胡), and a Yidi (夷狄). Indo-European "Scythian"
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barbarians to the north of China. The vassal of the
Xiongnu, and later confidant of Emperor
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Rome, China, and the
Barbarians: Ethnographic Traditions and the Transformation of Empires
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Rome, China, and the
Barbarians: Ethnographic Traditions and the Transformation of Empires
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would also be referred as "Hu". Some northeastern barbarians were also referred as the
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Northern
Frontier in Pre-Imperial China (Cambridge History of Ancient China)
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afore-mentioned Wu Baizhuang 吳白莊 tomb in Linyi 臨 沂, Shandong.
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Opuscula Altaica: Essays presented in honor of Henry Schwarz
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Ji Hu: Indigenous Inhabitants of Shaanbei and Western Shanxi
663:山东发现的这种高鼻深目、头戴尖帽的胡人形象，很可能是与斯基泰人文化有关的某些白种民族，并推测可能是月氏或早于月氏的民族
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Later, "Hu" was also used to designate various groups of
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686:Ford, Randolph B. (23 April 2020).
808:"Retracing the Sounds of Sogdiana"
442:, "Whirling Barbarian", also 胡旋舞,
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684:貴戚多竊怨，曰：「陛下妄得一胡兒，反貴重之！」上聞，愈厚焉。in
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302:(西戎, "Western Barbarians"), and
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512:Psarras, Sophia-Karin (1999).
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308:(北狄, "Northern Barbarians").
296:(南蠻, "Southern Barbarians"),
813:Freer, Sackler - Smithsonian
290:(東夷, "Eastern Barbarians"),
756:University of Hawaiʻi Press
583:” in Edward H. Kaplan, ed.,
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118:For more guidance, see
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779:Jeong, Su-il (2016).
391:(202 BCE-220 CE) and
365:Xiuding temple pagoda
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218:(胡人, "Hu people") or
91:copyright attribution
820:on 11 September 2021
748:Ning, Qiang (2004).
399:(五胡), which are the
109:{{Translated|zh|胡人}}
785:. Seoul Selection.
630:美术研究 (Art Research)
623:"山东发现的汉代大型胡人石雕像再研究"
436:Sogdian Whirl dance
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514:"Upper Xiajiadian"
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1234:Karakhanid
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197:Wade–Giles
37:in Chinese
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1244:Khotanese
1026:Tocharian
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495:256778140
342:, or the
237:The term
113:talk page
65:Consider
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1167:Medieval
1123:Shanrong
1096:Dingling
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579:(1994) “
524:(1): 6.
444:Húxuănwǔ
428:Sogdians
363:dancer,
332:Jin Midi
328:Han Wudi
313:Di Cosmo
166:Shandong
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324:Xiongnu
268:Chinese
214:) also
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93:in the
39:.
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