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During the height of Hua's personality cult, the number of portraits and images of Hua even surpassed those of Mao, a significant shift in visual representation, as during this period Hua's likeness became more prevalent in public spaces, offices, and homes across China than Mao's. At this point in
328:
was pivotal in undermining Hua
Guofeng's political position, and bringing an end to his personality cult. Rehabilitated in July 1977, Deng quickly gained influence within the Communist Party by championing economic reforms and advocating for China's opening to the world. His pragmatic approach and
245:
Hua also leveraged Mao's supposed endorsement, prominently featuring the phrase "With you in charge, Iβm at ease," which was attributed to Mao, to legitimize his leadership. This endorsement was heavily promoted to reinforce his authority and connection to Mao.
82:
249:
Additionally, Hua sought to embed his image into the daily lives of
Chinese citizens. Schools, government offices, and public institutions were required to display his portrait alongside Mao's. He also revised the
199:(δΈ€δΈͺε‘ζ―)." Hua was criticized for his perceived blind obedience. He initiated the first National College Entrance Examination since the Cultural Revolution. In 1978, Hua played a key role in drafting a new state
62:. After ceasing power in 1976, Hua Guofeng attempted to establish a cult of personality around himself by closely associating himself with Mao's legacy. He adopted Mao's style, including his distinctive
305:
Hua
Guofeng's cult of personality ultimately failed due to several key factors. Firstly, his reliance on Maoist rhetoric and symbolism appeared increasingly outdated as China began to shift towards
381:
195:
Hua famously stated; "We will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions
Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave," later mockingly referred to as the "
74:
were employed extensively to project Hua as Mao's rightful successor. During the height of Hua's personality cult, the number of portraits and images of Hua even surpassed those of Mao.
330:
908:
365:
361:
200:
357:
189:
650:"Hua Guofeng and China's transformation in the early years of the post-Mao era: ABSTRACT: 2 Bringing order out of chaos: transformation under Hua's initiative"
297:
time Hua was exclusively referred to as the "Wise Leader
Chairman Hua (θ±ζι’θ’εδΈ»εΈ)," a title that was prominently featured in the propaganda posters of the time.
524:
333:
in
December 1978, Deng effectively took control of the party by consolidating his power and marginalizing Hua, who was unofficialy replaced by Deng as
321:, Mao's wife, while simultaneously aligning himself with Mao's legacy was another apparent factor that led to the failure of his personality cult.
349:
150:
51:
356:
and was demoted to the position of junior Vice
Chairman. This post was subsequently abolished in 1982, leaving him as an ordinary member of the
317:, and Hua's attempts to establish his own cult of personality seemed out of touch with this new direction. The contradiction of Hua eliminating
856:
721:
431:
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55:
165:, was relatively unknown to the public at the start of his rule. In late 1976 Hua Guofeng launched a nationwide campaign to criticize the
400:
393:
879:
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633:
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vision for modernization resonated strongly with both the party elite and the general public, causing support for Hua to wane. At the
835:
816:
261:
421:
242:
were employed extensively to project Hua as Mao's rightful successor, positioning him as the new helmsman of the revolution.
903:
450:
364:
in 2002, although Hua was listed as a delegate, he was notably absent, reportedly due to illness. He made a return at the
146:
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208:
913:
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and modernization. Secondly, the cult of personality failed to resonate deeply with the public or within the
649:
310:
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255:
251:
846:
560:
898:
105:
626:
The End of the Maoist Era: Chinese
Politics during the Twilight of the Cultural Revolution, 1972-1976
121:
223:
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43:
344:, his personality cult completely collapsed, most notably evidenced by the removal of most of his
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348:. Hua's power then continued to decline after 1978. In June 1981, he was replaced as
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313:. Party officials were growing weary of the extreme cultism that characterized the
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Hua became more and more unpopular, inside and outside the party. At the
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was also rehabilitated in July 1977, marking significant changes in the
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525:"Analysis | 40 years ago, Deng Xiaoping changed China β and the world"
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24:
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State-sponsored veneration of Hua
Guofeng, considered a failed cult
260:
120:
104:
86:
18:
780:
Memory of revolution seen in Mao style - propaganda art of China
258:, reflecting a shift towards a more ideologically driven tone.
828:
Never Turn Back: China and the
Forbidden History of the 1980s
230:'s legacy. He adopted Mao's style, including his distinctive
848:
Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping
807:
MacFarquhar, Roderick; Schoenhals, Michael (2008-03-15).
504:
502:
451:"10 Failed Attempts To Create State Cults Or Religions"
331:
Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee
207:
mechanisms, though it retained some elements of Mao's
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611:
423:
Political Developments in Contemporary China: A Guide
382:
History of the People's Republic of China (1976β1989)
176:" and rehabilitate some of those punished during the
708:, London: Macmillan Education UK, pp. 120β140,
483:"Hua Guofeng | Chinese Posters | Chineseposters.net"
872:Beijing Fierce: What was the Cultural Revolution?
83:3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee
368:in 2007. Hua Guofeng died on 20 August 2008 in
203:, which aimed to restore some rule of law and
628:(1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 335β340.
624:Teiwes, Frederick; Sun, Warren (2007-12-01).
562:Deng Xiaoping And The Transformation Of China
8:
234:, and often emulated Mao's public demeanor.
66:, and often emulated Mao's public demeanor.
700:Gardner, John (1982), Gardner, John (ed.),
706:Chinese Politics and the Succession to Mao
276:, April 1979. He had lost his position as
909:Culture of the People's Republic of China
765:
508:
283:
184:between October 1976 and December 1978.
93:. Hua Guofeng died on 20 August 2008 in
687:
412:
350:Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
340:With Hua being replaced by Deng as the
161:in 1976 his newly appointed successor,
151:Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
52:Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
702:"Chairman Hua and the Return of Deng"
7:
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226:by closely associating himself with
85:Deng effectively took control over
301:Failing cult and political ousting
254:to incorporate Mao's name and the
101:Appointment and political doctrine
23:"With Flowers to Chairman Hua," a
14:
676:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals 2008
612:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals 2008
40:Hua Guofeng's cult of personality
401:Xi Jinping's cult of personality
394:Mao Zedong's cult of personality
180:, restoring over 4600 disgraced
133:, 1978. On the wall, posters of
54:from 1976 until 1981, after the
874:] (in Japanese). Kodansha.
782:. Iwanami Shoten. p. 229.
851:. Princeton University Press.
215:Building of a personality cult
1:
579:Gittings, John (2008-08-20).
845:Baum, Richard (1996-01-28).
830:. Harvard University Press.
811:. Harvard University Press.
559:Ezra F. Vogel (2013-10-03).
420:Jeffries, Ian (2010-07-23).
387:List of cults of personality
209:continuous revolution theory
714:10.1007/978-1-349-16874-3_6
109:A primary class displaying
935:
147:People's Republic of China
222:attempted to establish a
866:Nakajima, Mineo (2002).
826:Gewirtz, Julian (2022).
335:China's paramount leader
145:When the founder of the
50:, who became the second
89:, replacing Hua as the
293:
281:
142:
125:Children dancing in a
118:
36:
809:Mao's Last Revolution
778:Maki, Youiti (2000).
287:
264:
124:
108:
22:
904:Cults of personality
113:'s portrait next to
868:εδΊ¬ηη: ζε倧ι©ε½γ¨γ―δ½γ§γγ£γγ
614:, pp. 453β455.
565:. pp. 218β220.
362:16th Party Congress
280:six months earlier.
224:cult of personality
178:Cultural Revolution
58:of former chairman
44:cult of personality
678:, p. 442-444.
487:chineseposters.net
294:
282:
143:
119:
42:was the attempted
37:
914:Politics of China
858:978-0-691-03637-3
723:978-1-349-16874-3
433:978-1-136-96519-7
358:Central Committee
190:Central Committee
170:political faction
77:With the rise of
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919:Society of China
885:
862:
841:
822:
794:
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775:
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757:
756:, p. 62-65.
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278:paramount leader
192:'s composition.
174:The Gang of Four
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342:leader of China
311:Communist Party
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256:Communist Party
252:national anthem
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91:Leader of China
31:. Performed in
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11:
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881:978-4061595477
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789:978-4000238021
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768:, p. 198.
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635:978-0765610973
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531:. 2021-12-07.
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766:Nakajima 2002
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581:"Hua Guofeng"
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426:. Routledge.
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27:dedicated to
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801:Bibliography
779:
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749:
737:
727:, retrieved
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688:Gewirtz 2022
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657:. Retrieved
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596:. Retrieved
585:The Guardian
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540:. Retrieved
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490:. Retrieved
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459:. Retrieved
457:. 2016-03-19
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324:The rise of
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288:The Tomb of
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218:
201:constitution
194:
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127:kindergarten
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39:
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290:Hua Guofeng
266:Hua Guofeng
236:State media
220:Hua Guofeng
163:Hua Guofeng
139:Hua Guofeng
68:State media
48:Hua Guofeng
29:Hua Guofeng
893:Categories
729:2024-07-04
659:2024-08-25
598:2024-08-25
542:2024-08-25
492:2024-07-04
461:2024-07-04
407:References
354:Hu Yaobang
319:Jiang Qing
240:propaganda
228:Mao Zedong
155:Mao Zedong
149:and first
135:Mao Zedong
72:propaganda
60:Mao Zedong
754:Baum 1996
742:Baum 1996
593:0261-3077
537:0190-8286
455:Listverse
372:, China.
360:. At the
346:portraits
232:hairstyle
117:'s, 1978.
97:, China.
64:hairstyle
376:See also
292:in 2014.
205:planning
131:Shanghai
33:Shanghai
370:Beijing
315:Mao era
95:Beijing
35:, 1978.
878:
855:
834:
815:
786:
720:
632:
591:
535:
430:
307:reform
274:France
270:Rennes
182:cadres
167:Maoist
25:ballet
870:[
87:China
56:death
876:ISBN
853:ISBN
832:ISBN
813:ISBN
784:ISBN
718:ISBN
630:ISBN
589:ISSN
533:ISSN
428:ISBN
238:and
159:died
137:and
70:and
710:doi
352:by
268:in
115:Mao
111:Hua
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