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became the dominant model in the 1930s. During the early decades of the twentieth century, de Vries' theory was enormously influential and continued to fascinate non-biologists long after the scientific community had abandoned much of it (while retaining the idea of mutations as a crucial source of
295:. He was made adjunct professor in 1878 and full professor on his birthday in 1881, partly to keep him from moving to the Berlin College, which finally opened that year. De Vries was also professor and director of Amsterdam's Botanical Institute and
481:, a species of evening primrose, growing wild in an abandoned potato field near Hilversum, having escaped a nearby garden. Taking seeds from these, he found that they produced many new varieties in his experimental gardens; he introduced the term
514:), while the term mutation now generally is restricted to discrete changes in the DNA sequence. However, the popular understanding of "mutation" as a sudden leap to a new species has remained a staple theme of science fiction, e.g. the
406:
To support his theory of pangenes, which was not widely noticed at the time, de Vries conducted a series of experiments hybridising varieties of multiple plant species in the 1890s. Unaware of Mendel's work, de Vries used the laws of
463:, a renowned botanist with whom Mendel corresponded about his work with peas but who failed to understand its significance, while, coincidentally, Tschermak's grandfather taught Mendel botany during his student days in Vienna.
217:(1818–1900), a lawyer and deacon in the Mennonite congregation in Haarlem and later Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1872 until 1874, and Maria Everardina Reuvens (1823–1914), daughter of a professor in archaeology at
430:, inherited from a common ancestor of both species, tend to stay responsible for similar phenotypes), de Vries meant a physical cross between species. This actually also happens, though very rarely in higher organisms (see
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In the late 1890s, de Vries became aware of Mendel's obscure paper of thirty years earlier and he altered some of his terminology to match. When he published the results of his experiments in the French journal
287:. In anticipation, he moved back to Würzburg, where he studied agricultural crops and collaborated with Sachs. By 1877, Berlin's College was still only a plan, and he briefly took up a position teaching at the
319:
of 1868, he postulated that different characters have different hereditary carriers. He specifically postulated that inheritance of specific traits in organisms comes in particles. He called these units
2643:
252:'s evolution theory, despite Suringar's skepticism. He wrote a dissertation on the effect of heat on plant roots, including several statements by Darwin to provoke his professor, and graduated in 1870.
489:(1900–1903) he postulated that evolution, especially the origin of species, might occur more frequently with such large-scale changes than via Darwinian gradualism, basically suggesting a form of
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He further speculated that genes could cross the species barrier, with the same gene being responsible for hairiness in two different species of flower. Although generally true in a sense (
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Guignard, J. L. (2005). "About Hugo De Vries' letter written to Léon
Guignard dated November 12, 1899, complimenting him for the discovery of double fertilization".
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Stamhuis, I. H.; Meijer, O. G.; Zevenhuizen, E. J. (1999). "Hugo de Vries on heredity, 1889-1903. Statistics, Mendelian laws, pangenes, mutations".
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in the second generation. His observations also confirmed his hypothesis that inheritance of specific traits in organisms comes in particles.
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natural variation). The large-scale primrose variations turned out to be the result of various chromosomal abnormalities, including
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Stamhuis, I. H. (2007). "Discovery of the correspondence of Hugo de Vries with his friend and colleague Jan Willem Moll".
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Darden, L. (1976). "Reasoning in scientific change: Charles Darwin, Hugo de Vries, and the discovery of segregation".
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In 1875, the
Prussian Ministry of Agriculture offered de Vries a position as professor at the still to be constructed
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Nanne van der Zijpp, "De Vries." Mennonite
Encyclopedia, Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1955-59: vol. IV, p. 862-863.
460:
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attended his lectures in United States on
Mutation Theory. In 1905 he helped published these lectures into a book
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260:
After a short period of teaching, de Vries left in
September 1870 to take classes in chemistry and physics at the
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1930:
1915:
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1935:
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Bowler, P. J. (1978). "Hugo De Vries and Thomas Hunt Morgan: The mutation theory and the spirit of
Darwinism".
667:
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431:
152:
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Theunissen, B. (1993). "Nature study and happiness in life: Hugo de Vries, Eli
Heimans and Jac. P. Thijsse".
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Lenay, C. (2000). "Hugo De Vries: From the theory of intracellular pangenesis to the rediscovery of Mendel".
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to study plant growth. From
September 1871 until 1875 he taught botany, zoology, and geology at schools in
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where he had large experimental gardens. He continued his studies with new forms until his death in 1935.
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Theunissen, B. (1994). "Knowledge is power: Hugo de Vries on science, heredity and social progress".
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525:, Veit, Leipzig), De Vries was also the first to suggest the occurrence of recombinations between
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In 1866 he enrolled at the Leiden
University to major in botany. He enthusiastically took part in
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He retired in 1918 from the
University of Amsterdam and withdrew to his estate De Boeckhorst in
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Die Mutationstheorie. Versuche und Beobachtungen über die Entstehung von Arten im Pflanzenreich
291:. The same year he was offered a position as lecturer in plant physiology at the newly founded
268:. In the second semester of that school year he joined the lab of the esteemed Julius Sachs in
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The Mendel Newsletter; Archival Resources for the History of Genetics & Allied Sciences
1321:"Mutant Utopias: Evening Primroses and Imagined Futures in Early Twentieth-Century America"
837:"Mutant Utopias: Evening Primroses and Imagined Futures in Early Twentieth-Century America"
781:
Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
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229:. From an early age Hugo showed much interest in botany, winning several prizes for his
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Van Der Pas, P. W. (1970). "The correspondence of Hugo de Vries and Charles Darwin".
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1559:"The Work of Hugo De Vries and Its Importance in the Study of Problems of Evolution"
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classes and excursions, but was mostly drawn to the experimental botany outlined in
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now share credit for the rediscovery of Mendel's laws. Correns was a student of
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Theunissen, B. (1994). "Closing the door on Hugo de Vries' Mendelism".
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The First Moderns, Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth Century Thought
485:
for these suddenly appearing variations. In his two-volume publication
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in 1900, he neglected to mention Mendel's work, but after criticism by
370: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Zevenhuizen, Erik (1998) - 'Hugo de Vries : life and work.' In:
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916:"100 years ago: Walter Sutton and the chromosome theory of heredity"
248:' 'Lehrbuch der Botanik' from 1868. He was also deeply impressed by
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Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1181:"Hugo de Vries and Max Planck: The Gene and the Quantum," in
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475:. In 1886, he had discovered new forms among a group of
434:). De Vries' work on genetics inspired the research of
2644:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
1682:
available online at the Biodiversity Heritage Library.
1185:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 159-176.
1395:
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III
885:
Stableford, Brian M.; Langford, David (2018-08-12).
189:. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of
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Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
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1954:
1905:
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Biographical sketch of Hugo de Vries with a picture
1284:
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A
666:is used to indicate this person as the author when
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135:
109:
83:
53:
988:de Vries, Hugo; MacDougal, Daniel Trembly (1905).
730:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
471:In his own time, de Vries was best known for his
2624:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
699:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
546:Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation.
992:Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation
641:Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation
497:to study mutations in the fruit fly, until the
181:) (16 February 1848 – 21 May 1935) was a Dutch
569:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
2684:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2654:Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
2434:
2360:History of the creation-evolution controversy
2112:
1728:
1014:Blakeslee, Albert F.; Conklin, E. G. (1935).
766:"ESP Digital Books: Intracellular Pangenesis"
213:De Vries was born in 1848, the eldest son of
8:
1703:Concerning the Law of Segregation of Hybrids
438:, who worked with him for a period in 1898.
579:in 1904. In May 1905, de Vries was elected
324:, a term 20 years later to be shortened to
311:, in which, based on a modified version of
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1698:Article relating the work of Gregor Mendel
1522:British Journal for the History of Science
727:Ralph E. Cleland (1936). "Hugo de Vries".
583:. In 1910, he was elected a member of the
518:(and the comic books that preceded them).
50:
2390:Relationship between religion and science
1235:
939:
711:
445:Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
386:Learn how and when to remove this message
2068:List of genetics research organizations
1605:available via “natuurtijdschriften.nl”.
1601:47(4), December 1998, p. 409-417.
1113:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
684:
2537:Robert John Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh
567:In 1878 de Vries became member of the
2629:Members of Teylers Tweede Genootschap
825:, Leipzig, Veit & Comp., 1901-03.
589:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
307:In 1889, de Vries published his book
225:in 1862 and moved his family over to
176:
7:
2639:Foreign members of the Royal Society
368:adding citations to reliable sources
221:. His father became a member of the
996:. The Open Court Publishing Company
891:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
581:Foreign Member of the Royal Society
197:'s work, for introducing the term "
2267:Central dogma of molecular biology
283:("Royal Agricultural College") in
25:
964:"Daniel T. MacDougal (1865-1958)"
650:(1907), German translation (1908)
587:. In 1921, he was elected to the
585:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
559:Hugo de Vries at his retirement (
2403:
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2081:
2080:
1672:
1365:Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie
1319:Endersby, Jim (September 2013),
1189:"Hugo de Vries; commemoration".
1144:(4166): 242–243. 31 August 1907.
835:Endersby, Jim (September 2013).
521:In a published lecture of 1903 (
344:
72:
2532:George Frederick Charles Searle
1656:Works by or about Hugo de Vries
1156:International Plant Names Index
452:he conceded Mendel's priority.
355:needs additional citations for
2292:One gene–one enzyme hypothesis
636:(1909–10) Retrieved 2009-08-20
575:in 1903 and the United States
573:American Philosophical Society
289:University of Halle-Wittenberg
281:Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule
264:and work in the laboratory of
1:
2507:Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1415:10.1016/s0764-4469(00)01250-6
1016:"Hugo de Vries (1848 - 1935)"
523:Befruchtung und Bastardierung
510:and chromosome duplications (
499:modern evolutionary synthesis
2674:20th-century Dutch botanists
2669:19th-century Dutch botanists
2027:Missing heritability problem
1304:10.1016/0039-3681(76)90014-5
577:National Academy of Sciences
419:to explain the 3:1 ratio of
153:Author abbrev. (botany)
2542:Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker
1671:(public domain audiobooks)
1040:10.1126/science.81.2111.581
409:dominance and recessiveness
2700:
1583:10.1126/science.23.592.681
694:"Hugo de Vries. 1848-1935"
614:His best known works are:
402:Hugo de Vries in the 1890s
237:in Haarlem and The Hague.
29:
27:Dutch botanist (1848–1935)
2497:Sir Martin Onslow Forster
2398:
2076:
1750:
1599:Acta Botanica Neerlandica
1534:10.1017/s0007087400032192
1505:10.1080/00033799400200231
1267:10.1080/00033797800200141
163:
128:
71:
2649:Leiden University alumni
932:10.1093/genetics/160.1.1
634:English edition Volume 2
620:Intracellular Pangenesis
571:. He was elected to the
542:Daniel Trembly MacDougal
432:horizontal gene transfer
309:Intracellular Pangenesis
201:", and for developing a
2659:Scientists from Haarlem
2517:Ernest William MacBride
2512:George William Lamplugh
2492:Sir Arthur Mostyn Field
1641:History of Horticulture
1557:Vaughan, T. W. (1906).
1378:10.3406/pharm.2005.5762
1210:Andrews, F. M. (1930).
1191:Revue médicale de Liège
968:dpb.carnegiescience.edu
336:Rediscovery of genetics
293:University of Amsterdam
178:[ˈɦyɣoːdəˈvris]
2563:Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
2502:Edwin Stephen Goodrich
2312:Spontaneous generation
2262:Germ theory of disease
2239:Zoology (through 1859)
1680:Works by Hugo de Vries
1665:Works by Hugo de Vries
1647:Works by Hugo de Vries
713:10.1098/rsbm.1935.0002
630:German edition Bd. 1-2
564:
531:chromosomal crossovers
527:homologous chromosomes
417:independent assortment
403:
303:Definition of the gene
223:Dutch Council of State
2333:Philosophy of biology
2063:List of genetic codes
591:. He was awarded the
558:
551:Honors and retirement
478:Oenothera lamarckiana
401:
262:Heidelberg University
185:and one of the first
2482:John Edward Campbell
2365:Human Genome Project
2277:Great chain of being
2244:Zoology (since 1859)
2179:Evolutionary thought
2149:Agricultural science
1962:Behavioural genetics
1528:(94 Pt 3): 291–311.
1179:Everdell, William R.
1065:search.amphilsoc.org
1061:"APS Member History"
692:Hall, A. D. (1935).
364:improve this article
174:Dutch pronunciation:
2664:People from Haarlem
2609:History of genetics
2522:Francis Wall Oliver
2487:William Henry Dines
2477:William Arthur Bone
2370:Humboldtian science
2307:Sequence hypothesis
2214:Molecular evolution
2042:Population genomics
2032:Molecular evolution
1992:Genetic engineering
1575:1906Sci....23..681W
1407:2000CRASG.323.1053L
1296:1976SHPSA...7..127D
1032:1935Sci....81..581B
657:author abbreviation
627:The Mutation Theory
487:The Mutation Theory
457:Erich von Tschermak
299:from 1885 to 1918.
170:Hugo Marie de Vries
88:Hugo Marie de Vries
2614:Linnean Medallists
2380:Natural philosophy
2328:History of science
2128:History of biology
2002:Genetic monitoring
1691:2006-12-09 at the
1228:10.1104/pp.5.1.175
1222:(1): 174.172–180.
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495:Thomas Hunt Morgan
404:
266:Wilhelm Hofmeister
2604:Dutch geneticists
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2472:John George Adami
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2282:Hierarchy of life
2229:Plant systematics
2209:Molecular biology
2094:
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2017:He Jiankui affair
2007:Genetic genealogy
1997:Genetic diversity
1926:the British Isles
1831:Genetic variation
1651:Project Gutenberg
1493:Annals of Science
1401:(12): 1053–1060.
1255:Annals of Science
1197:(23): 816. 1950.
1138:by Hugo de Vries"
1089:www.nasonline.org
1026:(2111): 581–584.
970:. 2019. p. 1
561:Thérèse Schwartze
428:orthologous genes
396:
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330:Wilhelm Johannsen
242:W.F.R. Suringar's
219:Leiden University
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147:Leiden University
130:Scientific career
78:de Vries, c. 1907
16:(Redirected from
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529:, now known as
473:mutation theory
469:
467:Mutation theory
392:
381:
375:
372:
361:
349:
338:
305:
258:
215:Gerrit de Vries
211:
203:mutation theory
173:
124:
118:
114:
105:
99:
93:
91:
90:
89:
79:
67:
58:
56:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2586:
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2565:
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2554:
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2514:
2509:
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2448:
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2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2399:
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2387:
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2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
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2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
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2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Plant genetics
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Genome editing
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1955:Related topics
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Immunogenetics
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1789:Key components
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1683:
1677:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1637:
1626:The Agile Gene
1619:
1611:
1610:External links
1608:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1554:
1517:
1499:(3): 225–248.
1488:
1478:(4): 287–307.
1467:
1450:
1427:
1390:
1372:(345): 85–93.
1359:
1340:10.1086/673270
1334:(3): 471–503,
1316:
1290:(2): 127–169.
1279:
1250:
1207:
1186:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161: de Vries
1147:
1125:
1100:
1076:
1052:
1006:
980:
955:
912:Crow, James F.
902:
877:
856:10.1086/673270
850:(3): 471–503.
827:
814:
793:10.1086/384323
787:(2): 238–267.
771:
757:
748:
737:(2): 248–250.
719:
706:(4): 371–373.
683:
682:
680:
677:
672:botanical name
653:
652:
651:
648:Plant Breeding
645:
637:
624:
611:
608:
552:
549:
468:
465:
436:Jantina Tammes
394:
393:
352:
350:
343:
337:
334:
313:Charles Darwin
304:
301:
257:
254:
250:Charles Darwin
210:
207:
205:of evolution.
165:
164:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
126:
125:
119:
117:(aged 87)
111:
107:
106:
100:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
69:
68:
57:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2696:
2685:
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2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2574:
2573:Hugo De Vries
2571:
2569:
2568:Henri Moissan
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
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2535:
2533:
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2520:
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2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
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2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2454:Royal Society
2451:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2432:
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2424:
2421:
2409:
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2400:
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2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:Biotechnology
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
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1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
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1939:
1937:
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1922:
1919:
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1911:
1908:
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1878:
1875:
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1855:
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1814:
1812:
1809:
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1787:
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1657:
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1648:
1645:
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1642:
1638:
1635:
1634:0-06-000679-X
1631:
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1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
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1564:
1560:
1555:
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1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
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1383:
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1371:
1367:
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1360:
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1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
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1272:
1268:
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1256:
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1247:
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1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1142:The Athenaeum
1139:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1007:
995:
994:
991:
984:
981:
969:
965:
959:
956:
951:
947:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:Crow, E. W.;
906:
903:
892:
888:
881:
878:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
831:
828:
824:
818:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:
772:
767:
761:
758:
752:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
723:
720:
714:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
688:
685:
678:
673:
669:
658:
655:The standard
649:
646:
643:
642:
638:
635:
631:
628:
625:
622:
621:
617:
616:
615:
609:
607:
605:
600:
598:
597:Linnean Medal
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
557:
550:
548:
547:
543:
538:
536:
535:Walter Sutton
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:
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466:
464:
462:
458:
453:
451:
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433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
400:
390:
387:
379:
369:
365:
359:
358:
353:This section
351:
347:
342:
341:
335:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
315:'s theory of
314:
310:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:Gregor Mendel
192:
188:
184:
179:
171:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:, Netherlands
122:
112:
108:
104:, Netherlands
103:
86:
82:
75:
70:
65:
61:
55:Hugo de Vries
52:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
18:Hugo De Vries
2219:Paleontology
2159:Biochemistry
1987:Genetic code
1921:the Americas
1897:Quantitative
1867:Cytogenetics
1862:Conservation
1755:Introduction
1640:
1625:
1622:Ridley, Matt
1598:
1566:
1562:
1525:
1521:
1496:
1492:
1475:
1471:
1457:(16): 7–12.
1454:
1437:
1431:
1398:
1394:
1369:
1363:
1331:
1327:
1287:
1283:
1261:(1): 53–73.
1258:
1254:
1219:
1215:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1160:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1115:. 2023-02-09
1112:
1103:
1092:. Retrieved
1088:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1023:
1019:
1009:
998:. Retrieved
993:
990:
983:
972:. Retrieved
967:
958:
923:
919:
905:
894:. Retrieved
890:
880:
847:
843:
830:
822:
817:
784:
780:
774:
760:
751:
734:
728:
722:
703:
697:
687:
647:
640:
626:
619:
613:
601:
593:Darwin Medal
566:
545:
539:
522:
520:
516:X-Men movies
491:saltationism
486:
482:
476:
470:
455:Correns and
454:
450:Carl Correns
443:
440:
425:
405:
382:
373:
362:Please help
357:verification
354:
321:
308:
306:
280:
278:
259:
256:Early career
239:
212:
169:
168:
157:
144:Institutions
129:
115:(1935-05-21)
45:
39:
2634:Mutationism
2599:1935 deaths
2594:1848 births
2345:Ethnobotany
2234:RNA biology
2142:disciplines
1967:Epigenetics
1636:, pp 231–2.
1440:: 173–213.
1134:"Review of
632:(1901–03),
413:segregation
187:geneticists
113:21 May 1935
2588:Categories
2287:Lamarckism
2194:Immunology
1972:Geneticist
1946:South Asia
1892:Population
1872:Ecological
1841:Amino acid
1821:Nucleotide
1796:Chromosome
1618:(in Dutch)
1119:2024-01-29
1094:2024-01-29
1070:2024-01-29
1000:2022-07-13
974:2022-07-12
926:(1): 1–4.
896:2018-09-08
679:References
512:polyploidy
421:phenotypes
317:Pangenesis
231:herbariums
209:Early life
94:1848-02-16
32:Dutch name
2355:Dysgenics
2338:Teleology
2302:RNA world
2297:Protocell
2272:Darwinism
2253:Theories,
2224:Phycology
1887:Molecular
1882:Microbial
1857:Classical
1616:Biography
887:"Mutants"
599:in 1929.
540:Botanist
483:mutations
376:July 2019
274:Amsterdam
235:gymnasium
227:The Hague
2456:elected
2408:Category
2350:Eugenics
2255:concepts
2199:Medicine
2184:Genetics
2132:timeline
2086:Category
2012:Heredity
1982:Genomics
1826:Mutation
1816:Heredity
1780:Glossary
1770:Timeline
1744:Genetics
1708:Pangenes
1689:Archived
1669:LibriVox
1628:, 2003,
1591:17754450
1550:21162433
1542:11639948
1513:11639916
1484:11630205
1463:19069204
1446:11609703
1423:11147091
1386:16021760
1356:12125667
1348:24341261
1312:11615593
1275:11615685
1246:16652643
1203:14809033
950:11805039
920:Genetics
914:(2002).
872:12125667
864:24341261
809:20200394
801:10439561
662:de Vries
604:Lunteren
322:pangenes
270:Würzburg
199:mutation
183:botanist
158:de Vries
121:Lunteren
60:ForMemRS
41:de Vries
30:In this
2551:Foreign
2465:Fellows
2458:in 1905
2452:of the
2450:Fellows
2321:Related
2189:Geology
2174:Ecology
2154:Anatomy
2140:Fields,
1765:History
1760:Outline
1658:at the
1571:Bibcode
1563:Science
1403:Bibcode
1292:Bibcode
1045:20 July
1028:Bibcode
1020:Science
941:1461948
563:, 1918)
102:Haarlem
64:HonFRSE
36:surname
2169:Botany
1931:Europe
1916:Africa
1850:Fields
1836:Allele
1811:Genome
1632:
1603:online
1589:
1548:
1540:
1511:
1482:
1472:Gewina
1461:
1444:
1421:
1384:
1354:
1346:
1310:
1273:
1244:
1237:440205
1234:
1201:
948:
938:
870:
862:
807:
799:
743:984672
741:
668:citing
644:(1905)
623:(1889)
461:Nägeli
415:, and
297:Garden
285:Berlin
139:Botany
136:Fields
44:, not
34:, the
2056:Lists
1936:Italy
1775:Index
1546:S2CID
1433:Janus
1352:S2CID
1324:(PDF)
868:S2CID
840:(PDF)
805:S2CID
739:JSTOR
610:Books
326:genes
191:genes
62:
46:Vries
1630:ISBN
1587:PMID
1538:PMID
1509:PMID
1480:PMID
1459:PMID
1442:PMID
1419:PMID
1382:PMID
1344:PMID
1328:Isis
1308:PMID
1271:PMID
1242:PMID
1199:PMID
1047:2015
946:PMID
860:PMID
844:Isis
797:PMID
110:Died
84:Born
1806:RNA
1801:DNA
1667:at
1649:at
1579:doi
1530:doi
1501:doi
1411:doi
1399:323
1374:doi
1336:doi
1332:104
1300:doi
1263:doi
1232:PMC
1224:doi
1036:doi
936:PMC
928:doi
924:160
852:doi
848:104
789:doi
708:doi
366:by
328:by
38:is
2590::
1909:of
1624:,
1585:.
1577:.
1567:23
1565:.
1561:.
1544:.
1536:.
1526:27
1524:.
1507:.
1497:51
1495:.
1476:16
1474:.
1438:57
1436:.
1417:.
1409:.
1397:.
1380:.
1370:53
1368:.
1350:,
1342:,
1330:,
1326:,
1306:.
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