409:
60:
230:
588:
293:
51:
693:
726:, as well. In unveiling the new memorial, the mayor of Colditz, Manfred Heinz, said that each generation must always remind the next of the past, that such events are never repeated. He also said that the memorial was not to be seen as just a reminder of the forced laborers of the past, rather as a rejection of
578:
coffee to wash themselves; since it tasted so bad, it was not worth drinking. Following their breakfast of thin coffee, prisoners were forced to perform 12 hours of physically hard labor under the supervision of capricious guards, who vengefully beat them with sticks and screamed at them. Finally, in
599:
told the SS to make some improvements, not because of concern for the prisoners' welfare, but because missile production and therefore the war effort would be negatively affected. One of
Kotkowsky's friends found the conditions so unbearable, he took the opportunity to be returned to Buchenwald with
583:
was found stealing bread. They slept in cold wooden barracks with straw mattresses or just on bare wood during a winter that was exceptionally cold. Another survivor, Stephen Casey (born István Katona), said there were bodies lying in the mud everywhere around the camp, sometimes for days where they
443:
During the war, HASAG had factories in eight German cities and three Polish ones. Most of the workers were either forced laborers, primarily from eastern Europe, or prisoners from concentration camps. The forced laborers lived under heavy police surveillance in barracks near the factories. In 1942
619:
There were no baths to take care of millions of lice, so we had to undress and stand naked waiting at a wall. After freezing for half an hour, they unleashed several fire hoses on us and not everyone was able to withstand that. Each thrust of water in the cold weather knocked us against the wall.
573:
survivor, recalled his arrival there on
December 28, 1944. His group was brought in to build an arms factory in the forest. They had to clear the woods and lay railway tracks. The conditions were deplorable. Aside from the gnawing hunger, there were no sanitary facilities or running water for the
501:
per month were filled with explosives. The average life expectancy of a prisoner sent to work there was two months. In the early hours of
October 12, 1944, an explosion occurred that killed 96 prison laborers. The cause of the explosion was never determined, whether it was sabotage, accident or a
284:
included the news that in
September, the company had, after making some adjustments to its operation, succeeded in obtaining large orders for military supplies, which allowed the company to return to "normal sales revenues". In fact, the company's net profit tripled over its previous non-military
607:
with muddy water. No barracks were hit, which infuriated the SS, who took it out on the prisoners. A few days later, a transport arrived with
Hungarian prisoners, who died soon after from the cold, the starvation and the beatings. Kotkowsky said that "prisoners were always disappearing" and more
279:
for heating and cooking, bicycle headlights and brass sheeting and wire. The company grew to 1200 employees and the value of the stock increased several times. By 1913, the company was a major producer of all types of petroleum and gas lamps. The outbreak of World War I briefly interrupted the
257:
to an industrial plant, with 200 employees. It soon grew to over 300 employees and began exporting not just to other
European countries, but also to South America, Asia and Australia. Schneider died on June 1, 1888, and his son, Johnannes Schneider-Dörfel took over the business.
733:
The Flößberg labor camp was razed after the war. Today, there is a gate marking the spot, though a local group is trying to raise money to erect a more extensive memorial. There is a prisoner cemetery with 38 prisoner graves on the grounds of the former camp, which the state of
509:, the situation in Poland became more dangerous for HASAG's factories. Operations were moved to Germany, establishing a number of smaller operations in different towns around Leipzig with good rail and road connections to the main factory in Leipzig. Labor camps were set up in
320:, but this was a drop from previous levels. In October 1931, the company reported that sales were down nearly 15 percent and the company's value had dropped by nearly 30 percent. The board sought changes in company management and on October 1, 1931, Paul Budin was brought in.
396:. By 1939, HASAG had become one of the biggest arms manufacturers in Germany, with 3,700 employees and annual sales of 22 million Reichsmark. Under Renner's leadership, HASAG remained one of the largest arms manufacturers in central Germany till the end of
444:
and 1943, such labor camps were set up near all six of the factories in Poland. Few workers were there voluntarily and most of those were
Germans in managerial positions. At the beginning of 1942, HASAG had 13,850 employees. They began bringing in Polish
271:, manufacturing metal goods under the name "Hugo Schneider AG (Hasag)". Schneider's sons retained 63 percent of the company, but bankers now sat on the board controlling the company. A venture involving other banks resulted in the opening of a factory in
707:, has an organization devoted to protecting its memory. Tours of the one-time labor camp are given and a number of former prisoners have returned for a visit, even from abroad. There is a memorial plaque at the site and there are plans for a monument.
842:
The precise number of people forced to work at HASAG factories is unclear because many records were destroyed in the war. The numbers below represent a tally of those known to have worked or perished at the factories below and represent a minimum.
560:
nearing the city, Budin blew up the company's main building and office building in
Leipzig. He is assumed to have blown up his family and himself along with them. The company's files were never found and are assumed to have been burned.
497:", making the company the weapon's sole producer in Germany. This enabled HASAG to expand further. At one labor camp, HASAG Werk Schlieben, also called Schlieben-Berga concentration camp, 1.5 million Panzerfaust "Gretchen"
380:
financed the development of the company into an arms manufacturer and the old products became a sideline. In 1935, Budin was promoted to general manager; the main plant in
Leipzig was expanded and new factories were built.
1463:
718:
who perished at the HASAG Colditz labor camp was unveiled at the
Colditz cemetery on March 30, 2007. An earlier memorial to the "Victims of Fascism" was unveiled in 1948 and renovated in 1975, when a
478:
HASAG was able to use women to replace male workers because of automation and their machinery, also the company produced small and medium-sized arms. The company preferred to employ and exploit the
603:
One night, after the factory had been built and gunpowder brought in to begin making weapons, British bombers destroyed the factory in a fifteen-minute bombing raid, after which it rained, filling
745:. The proposal was opposed by Jewish and other groups and the regional administration backed off in November 2010. Now there are plans to fix up the graveyard and improve other parts of the site.
1023:
Prisoners labeled "sick" were often exterminated before they had a chance to recover and Buchenwald had a high mortality rate. In this case, the gamble paid off, though and the prisoner survived.
1348:
657:
After the war, the main factory in Leipzig began to produce cooking pots, milk canisters, lamps and other items until 1947, when the machinery and equipment was dismantled and seized by the
253:, the production of which soon increased with the growing use of gas lighting. Schneider took over his partner's share of the business in 1871 and by 1880, the firm had grown from a simple
1161:
1854:
1393:
187:, a decision that ultimately increased the company's profitability. The loss of military business after the war resulted in dropping sales. HASAG struggled during the 1920s in the
482:
available from numerous Nazi labor camps and maintained by the SS, and became the third largest user of forced laborers in Germany. HASAG employed more women than men because the
1673:
1110:
420:
Initially, only "elite, especially reliable German workers" were allowed to work in the arms industry, but with the outbreak of World War II in 1939 and many men entering the
1834:
209:
99:
237:
The company was founded in September 1863 as Häckel und Schneider in Paunsdorf, near Leipzig, with 20 employees who made lamps by hand. Hugo Schneider was a 27-year-old
1844:
579:
the evening, came a bowl of thin soup with a small piece of bread. Kotkowsky called the hunger "incomprehensible" and said food was so sparingly distributed, even a
1505:
1859:
676:(East Germany). The company MEWA (VEB Metallwaren Leipzig) produced a high-powered lantern according to a HASAG design. The VEB Leuchtenbau Leipzig owned the
1849:
1824:
316:
affected HASAG as well, as workers continually found their remuneration to be inadequate. By 1930, HASAG had 1,000 employees and annual sales of 5 million
633:
With Allied forces nearing and more and more German troops seen in retreat, the SS evacuated Flößberg labor camp on April 13, 1945. They were packed into
172:
making lamps and other small metal products by hand into a large factory and publicly traded company that sold its wares in several countries. During the
1528:
1839:
1814:
658:
1345:
144:
1697:
1251:
574:
prisoners, so they could not wash themselves or their clothing and it rained often, making the camp very muddy. Many inmates used their morning
608:
would simply be brought from other slave labor camps. Within Leipzig and the surrounding towns, more people died at Flößberg than at any other
1639:
722:
was added to commemorate the political prisoners who died. In 1995, two plaques were added to include honor the memory of forced laborers and
1829:
280:
success of the business, as HASAG lost important foreign markets, but this was soon supplanted by the production of small arms. HASAG's 1914
921:/Berga, Schlieben concentration camp, third largest of the 136 Buchenwald labor subcamps with between 2,000 and 5,000 female prisoners from
1727:
1169:
1775:
1481:
Leipzig Permoserstraße Zur Geschichte eines Industrie- und Wissenschaftsstandorts, UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH (2001)
372:
and again received contracts for ammunition production, having been classified as a military supplier. Production began in autumn 1934.
1670:
1107:
377:
196:
180:
using slave labour on a massive scale. Tens of thousands of Jews from Poland, and other prisoners, died producing munition for Hasag.
1767:
1753:
1281:
922:
456:
1819:
1732:
1581:
1299:
1230:
876:(November 30, 1944 – April 13, 1945). 1,902 (primarily Jewish) slave laborers, 235 known deaths, of which, 195 are known by name
545:, as well. As at Colditz, Flößberg's slave laborers were primarily Hungarian and Polish Jews, but one-quarter to one-fifth were
719:
542:
408:
1401:
1164:[Restoring truth about Hasag. At its Skarżysko-Kamienna camp during World War II some 35,000 prisoners perished].
873:
711:
642:
570:
538:
776:
Searchlights, circuit lamps, outdoor lights, stoplights, lanterns, bicycle headlights and tail lights, horns and switches
645:, where they arrived about two weeks later. Many prisoners died along the way. American forces arrived in the village of
486:
charged less for women. They worked more quickly than men and were more adaptable; they also had a lower mortality rate.
1658:
Gedenkstätte zur Erinnerung an die Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in Leipzig
979:
506:
460:
300:
After the war, the company returned to the manufacture of goods it had produced before the war and added production of
1723:
533:. Exact figures for the number of prison laborers are unknown, however, there were at least 718 prisoners, primarily
429:
673:
701:
692:
580:
59:
1525:
339:. As was common in the Nazi armaments industry, nearly all of the deputies and directors were in the SS, the
609:
385:
331:
and Nazi Party member, was appointed manager of HASAG in 1932. One of his deputies was Dr. Georg Mumme, an
557:
217:
in Europe, with armaments factories in Germany and Poland. Though HASAG was dismantled after the war, the
177:
1713:
Documentary about memorial aspects of the HASAG industrial estate, forced labor, and Helmut Kohl's wife
831:
537:
and Polish Jews at the labor camp in Colditz. The factory in Flößberg had at least 1,902 prisoners from
937:
929:
413:
73:
1760:
Wir lebten zwischen Granaten und Gedichten. Das Frauenlager der Rüstungsfabrik HASAG im Dritten Reich
1447:
669:
286:
1694:
1248:
1144:
1162:"Przywrócą prawdę o Hasagu. W skarżyskim obozie pracy w czasie wojny zginęło około 35 tysięcy osób"
1014:("concentration camp"). This is in addition to other names, which refer to them as HASAG factories.
770:
262:
966:
1665:
704:
546:
437:
363:
305:
267:
204:
109:
1566:
913:
866:(1944 – mid-April 1945). 718 known prisoners slave laborers, primarily Hungarian and Polish Jews
467:
was officially calculated. It was three and a half months. There were 16,581 prisoners in these
459:
and then from Buchenwald, setting up a labor subcamp next to every HASAG factory in Germany. At
328:
471:, including 10,557 women, both Jews and non-Jews and 4,025 Jewish men. The main factory in the
1763:
1749:
1642:
1277:
1271:
738:
1249:"Von der Petroleumlampe zur Panzerfaust – Das vergessene Konzentrationslager Schlieben/Berga"
600:
a transport of prisoners too sick to work, betting his chances of survival against the odds.
526:
800:
498:
309:
173:
1701:
1677:
1567:"Landesdirektion Chemnitz lehnt Umbettung ab - Häftlingsfriedhof Flößberg bleibt erhalten"
1532:
1390:
1352:
1303:
1255:
1114:
960:
826:
723:
313:
188:
184:
157:
69:
904:
428:, workers became harder to find. An agreement was reached between the arms inspector and
1490:
742:
715:
662:
638:
344:
336:
332:
276:
169:
147:
as well as at least 13,850 German employees mostly in managerial positions (1942)
65:
1551:
1296:
176:, Hasag became a Nazi arms-manufacturing conglomerate with dozens of factories across
1808:
823:
813:
483:
472:
445:
373:
324:
281:
200:
136:
119:
998:
German sources use several different terms for the satellite labor camps, sometimes
1593:
1420:
1166:
Monograph "Hasag" by Krzysztof Gibaszewski published by Muzeum Orła Białego, Poland
819:
804:
786:
761:
490:
468:
397:
359:
355:
301:
229:
214:
493:
gave HASAG special authority under the title "Hochlauf (run-up, production boost)
1746:
Leipzig Permoserstraße zur Geschichte eines Industrie- und Wissenschaftsstandorts
1719:
615:
In March, the SS decided to give the camp and the prisoners a "spring cleaning".
17:
1276:
Google Books. English translation (2000) Syracuse University Press, p. 183
1270:
Bernhard Frankfurter (ed.), translated and annotated by Susan E. Cernyak-Spatz,
895:
809:
604:
553:
494:
479:
393:
384:
The military contracts were very lucrative because they did not have to arrange
348:
1320:
207:
at the onset of World War II the company expanded to accommodate thousands of
1710:
1654:
official website. (Note: most of the site is not yet translated into English.)
1608:
1450:
Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project (March 2005). Retrieved March 2011
1258:
Schlieben-Berga concentration camp memorial website. Retrieved March 25, 2011
890:
863:
780:
634:
620:
There was no way out. How we survived that ordeal was beyond my understanding.
596:
368:
317:
192:
140:
35:
1790:
1777:
1657:
347:, who later became the head of the military business and helped develop the
249:
and painted wares in 1854. Over the next few years, the company began making
1081:
918:
885:
727:
677:
514:
425:
421:
389:
218:
132:
1569:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. (November 30, 2010). Retrieved March 29, 2011
587:
1464:"Jüdische Gemeinden gegen Umbettung von Toten des KZ-Außenlagers Flößberg"
292:
50:
1762:. Translated from the Hebrew by Susanne Plietzsch. Cologne: Böhlau, 2001
908:
899:
646:
530:
518:
475:
quarter of Leipzig had 5,288 forced laborers, of whom, 5,067 were women.
451:
250:
1651:
859:
552:
In 1945, thousands of prisoners were taken out of HASAG factories in a
534:
510:
340:
254:
246:
242:
238:
213:
from concentration camps and ghettos. It was the third largest user of
165:
31:
940:(1942/1943 to January 1945) using up to 41,800 Jewish forced laborers.
1233:(PDF) Wachauer-Petromax (January 19, 2007). Retrieved March 23, 2011
933:
853:
735:
575:
522:
272:
1685:
944:
691:
681:
412:
Memorial to Jewish forced laborers at labor camp HASAG-Pelcery in
275:, Poland. In 1902, in addition to lamps, the company began making
164:) was a German metal goods manufacturer founded in 1863. Based in
1735:
The list of WW2 German Waffenamt codes, numbers and manufacturers
1404:
Chair in Canadian Jewish Studies (2000). Retrieved March 28, 2011
948:
591:
Monument to the victims of HASAG Werk Schlieben-Berga labor camp
1448:"My Story, 1944–45: Hungary to Buchenwald, Mauthausen and Back"
1117:
Club Courage, e.V. (March 20, 2007) Retrieved March 28, 2011
773:
and bicycle accessories, electrical headlights and fog lights
156:(also known as Hugo Schneider AG, or by its original name in
1273:
The meeting: an Auschwitz survivor confronts an SS physician
1108:"HASAG-Außenlager des KZ Buchenwald in Colditz und Flößberg"
1711:
Vergessener Rüstungsgigant – Die Leipziger HASAG | MDR DOK
1508:
Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt.. Retrieved March 22, 2011
1145:"HASAG: Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft Metalwarenfabrik"
199:
in 1933, growing militarism led to the company's return to
1671:
HASAG-Außenlager des KZ Buchenwald in Colditz und Flößberg
672:, the publicly owned industrial enterprises in the former
1666:
Częstochowa ghetto, important HASAG production facilities
963:, French-Armenian writer, poet, French Resistance fighter
392:, rather they sold in bulk directly to one customer, the
1686:
Geschichte und Erinnerung an den HASAG-Standort Flößberg
1394:
Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies
76:
had an estimated death toll of 35,000 people before 1945
1748:, UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH, 2001
1611:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 28, 2011
1596:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 22, 2011
1554:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 29, 2011
1423:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 28, 2011
1346:"Führung im ehemaligen Hasag- und KZ-Gelände in Berga"
637:
without food and taken on a circuitous route through
489:
In 1944, Reichs Minister for Armaments and Munitions
1704:
Schlieben-Berga concentration camp memorial website
1147:
Holocaust Research Project. Retrieved March 22, 2011
289:
and other military items in heavy use on the front.
1358:online (October 3, 2009). Retrieved March 25, 2011
162:
Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft Metallwarenfabrik
125:
115:
105:
95:
81:
1469:online. (July 19, 2010). Retrieved March 29, 2011
969:, Czech Communist resistance fighter and historian
668:After 1949, HASAG's civilian patents were used by
366:, HASAG undertook intensive negotiations with the
343:or the SA, most notably Wilhelm Renner, father of
1537:Leipziger Volkszeitung - Muldentaler Kreiszeitung
265:and other banks, the firm was established as an
1855:1863 establishments in the German Confederation
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1321:"KZ-Außenstelle Schlieben Das vergessene Lager"
617:
754:Lighting and heating equipment, camping stoves
308:casings. Sales dropped to pre-war levels. The
1688:Flößberg concentration camp memorial website
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1155:
1153:
700:The former HASAG Werk Schlieben, also called
595:Conditions were so bad at Flößberg, that the
245:, who had started the business making lamps,
8:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
87:
43:
1539:(March 31, 2007). Retrieved March 28, 2011
1326:(April 20, 2009). Retrieved March 25, 2011
1244:
1242:
696:Gate outside the former Flößberg labor camp
680:name "HASAG", and extended it in 1963. The
241:salesman; his partner, Ernst Häckel, was a
203:under the new SS leadership. Following the
1835:Defunct manufacturing companies of Germany
1582:Overview of HASAG Development and Products
1521:
1519:
1517:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1006:("outside site" or "post") and sometimes,
49:
42:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1231:Chronology and overview of Hasag products
1084:conne-island.de Retrieved March 22, 2010
665:. Most of the buildings were demolished.
1845:Manufacturing companies based in Leipzig
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
586:
407:
291:
228:
145:Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
1306:Edward Victor. Retrieved March 18, 2011
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
991:
757:Electrical, home and cooking appliances
448:in spring 1944, and in 1945, had eight
440:, allowing Jews to be used as workers.
1458:
1456:
1421:History of Flößberg concentration camp
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
27:Former German metal goods manufacturer
1535:Club Courage, e.V., republished from
1493:Petroman.de Retrieved March 22, 2011
1316:
1314:
1312:
1160:Mateusz BOLECHOWSKI (July 17, 2014).
1002:literally, "outside camp", sometimes
847:Leipzig Permoserstraße (main factory)
261:In 1899, with the involvement of the
183:It began making armaments during the
7:
1860:German companies established in 1863
1291:
1289:
1850:Companies involved in the Holocaust
1825:Nazi concentration camps in Germany
1720:Documents and clippings about HASAG
943:Partner/co-operative production in
739:regional administration in Chemnitz
1584:(PDF) (January 19, 2007) p. 5
565:Life at a HASAG factory labor camp
549:from various countries in Europe.
378:Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt
25:
1652:Leipzig Memorial of Forced Labour
1297:"Altenburg: Philatelic Materials"
741:had suggested should be moved to
612:or as a result of Nazi ideology.
364:growing militarization in Germany
1840:Firearm manufacturers of Germany
1815:Unfree labor during World War II
1733:HASAG ammunition production list
872:Flößberg labor camp, subcamp of
58:
1398:Remnants: Memoirs of A Survivor
627:Remnants: Memoirs of A Survivor
1609:"Den Opfern einen Namen geben"
1506:Trade marks: Document DD463881
543:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
457:Ravensbrück concentration camp
1:
1324:Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten
1168:. EchoDnia.eu. Archived from
874:Buchenwald concentration camp
785:Cast steel, rolled steel and
643:Mauthausen concentration camp
304:to replace the production of
1830:Defunct companies of Germany
1627:. Verlag Bücherkammer (2005)
1625:Das KZ-Aussenlager Schlieben
980:Industrial plans for Germany
463:, the mortality rate for an
360:in control of the government
221:remained in use until 1974.
1724:20th Century Press Archives
1594:History of Flößberg subcamp
856:(also called Hasag Werk II)
1876:
838:HASAG factories, 1942–1945
710:A new memorial for the 72
684:was discontinued in 1974.
674:German Democratic Republic
556:. In April 1945, with the
29:
850:Leipzig, northern factory
310:worldwide economic crisis
57:
48:
507:Soviet offensive in 1945
430:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
285:sales. The company made
197:eventually came to power
1820:Economy of Nazi Germany
1791:51.352635°N 12.433047°E
1676:March 21, 2012, at the
1531:March 21, 2012, at the
1302:April 21, 2019, at the
1113:March 21, 2012, at the
1082:Nazi history in Leipzig
659:Soviet occupation force
610:Nazi concentration camp
1526:"Gedenkstätte Colditz"
1491:"MEWA Starklichtlampe"
1467:Leipziger Volkszeitung
1351:July 25, 2011, at the
767:Enamel and tinned ware
697:
670:Volkseigener Betrieben
631:
592:
417:
297:
234:
195:grew in influence and
178:German-occupied Europe
161:
88:
34:village of Hașag, see
1700:May 29, 2013, at the
1254:May 29, 2013, at the
695:
590:
569:Charles Kotkowsky, a
411:
388:to a large number of
295:
232:
201:small arms production
1796:51.352635; 12.433047
1695:HASAG Werk Schlieben
1402:Concordia University
928:German factories in
434:SS-Obergruppenführer
314:situation in Germany
233:Hugo Schneider, 1888
131:16,581 prisoners of
1787: /
1389:Charles Kotkowsky,
1356:Lausitzer Rundschau
1012:Konzentrationslager
955:Prominent prisoners
771:Automotive lighting
649:on April 14, 1945.
625:Charles Kotkowsky,
571:Flößberg labor camp
547:political prisoners
404:Use of forced labor
358:and the Nazi Party
127:Number of employees
45:
1446:Stephen P. Casey,
938:Częstochowa ghetto
932:with 35,000 dead,
930:Skarżysko-Kamienna
882:Borsdorf (in 1944)
832:Flare Pistol LP 42
779:Electrical bulbs,
705:concentration camp
698:
593:
541:and probably from
438:General Government
418:
298:
268:aktiengesellschaft
235:
210:NS-Zwangsarbeiters
205:invasion of Poland
110:Arms manufacturing
74:Skarżysko-Kamienna
72:. Nearby plant at
1172:on April 28, 2015
925:, and Buchenwald
816:), recoilless gun
801:recoilless weapon
794:Selected weaponry
168:, it grew from a
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89:Hugo Schneider AG
18:Hugo Schneider AG
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517:, Flößberg (in
446:forced laborers
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329:Sturmbannführer
277:portable stoves
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189:Weimar Republic
185:First World War
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70:occupied Poland
64:HASAG plant in
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469:labor subcamps
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354:In 1934, with
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465:Außenkommando
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1174:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1165:
1019:
1011:
1010:, short for
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
905:Oberweißbach
841:
805:Faustpatrone
799:Disposable,
787:noble metals
764:) containers
732:
720:red triangle
709:
699:
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632:
626:
618:
614:
605:bomb craters
602:
594:
568:
551:
504:
491:Albert Speer
488:
477:
464:
449:
442:
433:
419:
398:World War II
386:distribution
383:
367:
356:Adolf Hitler
353:
322:
299:
266:
260:
236:
215:forced labor
208:
182:
153:
152:
100:Slave labour
96:Company type
40:
1794: /
1715:(in German)
1706:(in German)
1690:(in German)
1681:(in German)
1661:(in German)
1647:(in German)
1613:(in German)
1598:(in German)
1571:(in German)
1556:(in German)
1541:(in German)
1510:(in German)
1495:(in German)
1471:(in German)
1425:(in German)
1391:"Flossberg"
1360:(in German)
1328:(in German)
1260:(in German)
1235:(in German)
1119:(in German)
1086:(in German)
1004:Außenstelle
923:Ravensbrück
896:Langewiesen
810:Panzerfaust
781:gas mantles
760:Insulated (
730:, as well.
678:trademarked
635:cattle cars
554:death march
495:Panzerfaust
414:Częstochowa
394:Third Reich
349:Panzerfaust
337:Sturmführer
318:Reichsmarks
296:HASAG logos
135:, 5,288 at
83:Native name
66:Częstochowa
1809:Categories
1782:12°25′59″E
1779:51°21′09″N
1645:of Saxony
1643:Bundesland
1031:References
1000:Außenlager
891:Meuselwitz
864:labor camp
862:satellite
803:anti-tank
597:commandant
539:Buchenwald
473:Schönefeld
369:Reichswehr
323:Budin, an
193:Nazi Party
141:Buchenwald
137:Schönefeld
1176:April 28,
986:Footnotes
919:Schlieben
886:Altenburg
728:extremism
535:Hungarian
515:Delitzsch
505:With the
452:kommandos
426:Luftwaffe
422:Wehrmacht
390:retailers
251:gas lamps
219:trademark
191:. As the
133:Auschwitz
1698:Archived
1674:Archived
1529:Archived
1349:Archived
1300:Archived
1252:Archived
1111:Archived
974:See also
909:Eisenach
900:Dermbach
898:, later
789:products
647:Flößberg
623:—
531:Borsdorf
519:Frohburg
461:Birkenau
416:, Poland
376:and the
312:and the
239:Silesian
106:Industry
32:Romanian
30:For the
1726:of the
1722:in the
860:Colditz
762:thermal
527:Golzern
511:Colditz
436:of the
341:Gestapo
255:factory
247:tinware
243:plumber
225:History
166:Leipzig
36:Loamneș
1766:
1752:
1280:
934:Kielce
854:Taucha
736:Saxony
712:Polish
688:Legacy
584:fell.
576:ersatz
558:Allies
523:Grimma
502:bomb.
432:, the
362:and a
287:rounds
273:Warsaw
158:German
116:Owners
945:Milan
743:Borna
682:brand
450:Außen
306:shell
154:HASAG
44:HASAG
1764:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1178:2015
949:Rome
947:and
936:and
714:and
581:kapo
529:and
499:guns
424:and
1728:ZBW
661:as
641:to
521:),
1811::
1516:^
1455:^
1431:^
1409:^
1400:.
1396:.
1366:^
1334:^
1311:^
1288:^
1241:^
1186:^
1152:^
1125:^
1092:^
1038:^
1008:KZ
822:,
525:,
513:,
484:SS
400:.
351:.
333:SA
325:SS
160::
68:,
1180:.
907:/
812:(
335:-
327:-
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
