289:
42:
1729:
1619:
436:
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there
432:
living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.25.
392:
of 2000, there were 1,537 people, 503 households, and 407 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 137.4 inhabitants per square mile (53.1/km). There were 529 housing units at an average density of 47.3 per square mile (18.3/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.04%
627:
41:
2008:
322:
camp. The town has no traditional grid-layout streets, but consists of merely businesses along the highway and some very small outlying housing developments. It was announced in 2013 that the
288:
631:
440:
The median income for a household in the CDP was $ 90,697, and the median income for a family was $ 103,393. Males had a median income of $ 49,500 versus $ 36,563 for females. The
980:
1655:
300:, the CDP has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29.1 km), of which 11.2 square miles (28.9 km) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.2 km), or 0.69%, is water.
2013:
1168:
318:, an animal shelter, an economic development council, a board of realtors, and a homeless women's shelter, which serve the tri-county area. There is also a
821:
779:
55:
804:
235:
1648:
315:
774:
1476:
912:
517:
277:
1936:
1831:
1569:
245:
1115:
1007:
799:
764:
759:
718:
1896:
1641:
1123:
1574:
465:
186:
789:
1466:
1718:
816:
794:
410:
398:
1633:
1579:
488:"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Hughesville CDP, Maryland"
1499:
1191:
965:
842:
402:
307:
market town. The former tobacco warehouses are now used for second-hand thrift stores and boutique gift and craft shops.
1486:
1351:
990:
872:
811:
323:
107:
1594:
1564:
1534:
1306:
985:
679:
540:
491:
414:
297:
1604:
1539:
1504:
852:
330:
1784:
1599:
1584:
1514:
1494:
1286:
955:
367:
1881:
1665:
1549:
1544:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1158:
1075:
960:
887:
265:
223:
112:
1969:
1866:
1739:
1589:
1554:
1431:
1266:
1085:
892:
847:
428:
There were 503 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.2% were
261:
32:
1956:
1769:
1524:
1426:
1406:
1396:
1366:
1346:
1341:
1316:
1226:
1201:
1153:
1060:
1045:
925:
769:
711:
418:
319:
228:
1941:
1916:
1759:
1708:
1559:
1416:
1336:
1301:
1296:
1211:
1143:
1105:
1100:
522:
1993:"Hughesville: A Commercial and Tobacco Marketing Center" Charles County Historic Preservation Magazine
578:
1976:
1946:
1876:
1851:
1826:
1821:
1789:
1754:
1436:
1386:
1381:
1291:
1256:
1231:
1186:
1148:
1070:
1050:
930:
897:
882:
837:
422:
196:
1846:
1816:
1804:
1764:
1471:
1376:
1371:
1326:
1095:
1090:
1065:
1055:
1040:
1035:
1020:
920:
857:
784:
751:
741:
406:
394:
310:
Because
Hughesville, though small, is considered the strategic geographic center of the tri-county
1911:
1901:
1886:
1836:
1749:
1713:
1687:
1446:
1441:
1411:
1331:
1311:
1281:
1276:
1261:
1251:
1236:
1196:
1015:
975:
950:
902:
333:
near
Hughesville generates enough power for 600 homes, and offsets the pollution of 1,600 cars.
1951:
1891:
1861:
1856:
1841:
1794:
1779:
1461:
1401:
1391:
1356:
1246:
1241:
1221:
1216:
1176:
970:
940:
862:
704:
441:
311:
273:
1994:
1926:
1906:
1871:
1456:
1451:
1421:
1321:
1206:
1181:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1080:
997:
561:
444:
for the CDP was $ 29,884. About 4.8% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the
1931:
1623:
1361:
1271:
1030:
945:
537:"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Hughesville CDP, Maryland"
935:
601:
2002:
562:
The
Warehouse District The Rise and Fall of Hughesville’s Loose-leaf Tobacco Markets
1921:
445:
1680:
653:
727:
95:
203:
182:
70:
57:
1025:
177:
877:
867:
731:
448:, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
429:
269:
211:
100:
304:
389:
696:
566:
Preservation
Matters: Celebrating Charles County's Historic Places
287:
512:
1698:
314:
region, it houses institutions such as the headquarters for the
1637:
700:
292:
Tobacco being dried in one of the
Hughesville warehouses, 1941
272:, United States. The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census.
1727:
1995:
https://www.charlescountymd.gov/Home/ShowDocument?id=3581
675:
600:
Southern
Maryland Electric Cooperative (April 30, 2014).
536:
487:
628:"Solar farm in Charles County gives SMECO new energy"
2009:
Census-designated places in
Charles County, Maryland
1803:
1738:
1697:
1485:
1167:
1114:
1006:
911:
830:
750:
244:
234:
222:
210:
193:
176:
168:
160:
155:
147:
139:
131:
123:
118:
106:
94:
86:
23:
18:Census-designated place in Maryland, United States
602:"SMECO Announces Second Solar Project LexLeader"
981:Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area
1649:
712:
326:is building their fourth campus in the town.
8:
1656:
1642:
1634:
719:
705:
697:
425:of any race were 0.65% of the population.
340:
20:
579:"Hughesville Chosen for 4th CSM Campus"
457:
233:
209:
175:
154:
146:
117:
85:
50:
38:
513:"National Register Information System"
360:
316:Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative
243:
221:
192:
167:
159:
138:
135:11.15 sq mi (28.88 km)
130:
127:11.23 sq mi (29.08 km)
122:
105:
93:
7:
2014:Census-designated places in Maryland
518:National Register of Historic Places
417:, and 1.24% from two or more races.
278:National Register of Historic Places
143:0.08 sq mi (0.20 km)
1664:Municipalities and communities of
654:"Census of Population and Housing"
350:
14:
626:Newman, Jeff (January 10, 2013).
46:Location of Hughesville, Maryland
1617:
40:
581:. The Baynet. February 22, 2013
1:
468:. United States Census Bureau
991:Washington metropolitan area
324:College of Southern Maryland
172:218.64/sq mi (84.42/km)
986:Baltimore metropolitan area
680:United States Census Bureau
541:United States Census Bureau
492:United States Census Bureau
466:"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"
298:United States Census Bureau
2030:
1965:
1725:
1678:
1613:
775:Congressional delegations
738:
606:The Lexington Park Leader
381:
366:
359:
354:
349:
346:
51:
39:
30:
1667:Charles County, Maryland
1227:Cockeysville-Hunt Valley
262:census-designated place
151:180 ft (55 m)
33:Census-designated place
1732:
926:Atlantic coastal plain
293:
1731:
676:"U.S. Census website"
523:National Park Service
382:U.S. Decennial Census
342:Historical population
291:
195: • Summer (
71:38.53361°N 76.78222°W
25:Hughesville, Maryland
1978:United States portal
1719:Port Tobacco Village
169: • Density
1624:Maryland portal
1192:Baltimore Highlands
921:Allegheny Mountains
822:Tourist attractions
343:
76:38.53361; -76.78222
67: /
1733:
1352:Montgomery Village
951:Delmarva Peninsula
780:Congressional maps
341:
303:Hughesville was a
294:
276:was listed on the
161: • Total
140: • Water
124: • Total
1987:
1986:
1631:
1630:
1307:Hillcrest Heights
971:Southern Maryland
941:Cumberland Valley
843:African Americans
525:. April 15, 2008.
442:per capita income
437:were 97.4 males.
386:
385:
312:Southern Maryland
296:According to the
255:
254:
132: • Land
2021:
1979:
1972:
1809:
1742:
1730:
1701:
1690:
1683:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1467:Wheaton-Glenmont
998:Western Maryland
966:Ridge and Valley
721:
714:
707:
698:
691:
690:
688:
686:
672:
666:
665:
663:
661:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
634:on July 17, 2015
630:. Archived from
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
597:
591:
590:
588:
586:
575:
569:
558:
552:
551:
549:
547:
533:
527:
526:
509:
503:
502:
500:
498:
484:
478:
477:
475:
473:
462:
411:Pacific Islander
399:African American
362:
357:
352:
344:
200:
82:
81:
79:
78:
77:
72:
68:
65:
64:
63:
60:
44:
21:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2018:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1971:Maryland portal
1970:
1961:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1785:Potomac Heights
1740:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1632:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1609:
1570:Prince George's
1481:
1287:Fort Washington
1163:
1110:
1002:
946:Delaware Valley
907:
826:
746:
734:
725:
695:
694:
684:
682:
674:
673:
669:
659:
657:
652:
651:
647:
637:
635:
625:
624:
620:
610:
608:
599:
598:
594:
584:
582:
577:
576:
572:
559:
555:
545:
543:
535:
534:
530:
511:
510:
506:
496:
494:
486:
485:
481:
471:
469:
464:
463:
459:
454:
430:married couples
403:Native American
355:
339:
286:
218:
194:
75:
73:
69:
66:
61:
58:
56:
54:
53:
47:
35:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Mount Victoria
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1159:Upper Marlboro
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:Havre de Grace
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
917:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
853:Climate change
850:
845:
840:
834:
832:
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
808:
807:
802:
797:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
748:
747:
739:
736:
735:
726:
724:
723:
716:
709:
701:
693:
692:
667:
645:
618:
592:
570:
553:
528:
504:
479:
456:
455:
453:
450:
384:
383:
379:
378:
375:
373:
370:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
338:
335:
285:
282:
274:Truman's Place
266:Charles County
253:
252:
249:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
216:
214:
208:
207:
201:
191:
190:
180:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2026:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Mason Springs
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1672:United States
1669:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Silver Spring
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1267:Ellicott City
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Pocomoke City
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:Eastern Shore
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
914:
910:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
829:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
753:
749:
744:
743:
737:
733:
729:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
702:
699:
681:
677:
671:
668:
655:
649:
646:
633:
629:
622:
619:
607:
603:
596:
593:
580:
574:
571:
567:
563:
557:
554:
542:
538:
532:
529:
524:
520:
519:
514:
508:
505:
493:
489:
483:
480:
467:
461:
458:
451:
449:
447:
443:
438:
434:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
413:, 0.13% from
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
380:
376:
374:
371:
369:
365:
345:
336:
334:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
301:
299:
290:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
250:
247:
239:
237:
230:
227:
225:
215:
213:
205:
202:
198:
188:
187:Eastern (EST)
184:
181:
179:
171:
163:
150:
142:
134:
126:
114:
111:
109:
102:
99:
97:
90:United States
89:
80:
52:Coordinates:
43:
34:
29:
22:
16:
1992:
1989:
1957:White Plains
1922:Port Tobacco
1774:
1686:
1615:
1575:Queen Anne's
1500:Anne Arundel
1427:Severna Park
1407:Reisterstown
1397:Randallstown
1367:Owings Mills
1347:Milford Mill
1342:Middle River
1317:Langley Park
1202:Camp Springs
1154:Port Deposit
1061:Gaithersburg
1046:College Park
888:Homelessness
868:Demographics
740:
683:. Retrieved
670:
658:. Retrieved
656:. Census.gov
648:
636:. Retrieved
632:the original
621:
609:. Retrieved
605:
595:
585:September 1,
583:. Retrieved
573:
568:. 2018-2019.
565:
556:
544:. Retrieved
531:
516:
507:
495:. Retrieved
482:
470:. Retrieved
460:
446:poverty line
439:
435:
427:
387:
337:Demographics
328:
309:
302:
295:
257:
256:
224:Area code(s)
15:
1942:St. Charles
1917:Popes Creek
1808:communities
1775:Hughesville
1770:Cobb Island
1760:Bryans Road
1709:Indian Head
1682:County seat
1417:St. Charles
1337:Lutherville
1302:Green Haven
1297:Glen Burnie
1212:Catonsville
1144:Leonardtown
1106:Westminster
1101:Takoma Park
893:LGBT rights
848:Agriculture
685:January 31,
638:January 28,
611:January 28,
415:other races
258:Hughesville
204:UTC−4
183:UTC−5
74: /
2003:Categories
1947:Swan Point
1877:Morgantown
1827:Dentsville
1822:Chicamuxen
1790:Rock Point
1595:Washington
1580:St. Mary's
1565:Montgomery
1535:Dorchester
1437:South Gate
1387:Pikesville
1382:Perry Hall
1292:Germantown
1257:Eldersburg
1232:Colesville
1187:Aspen Hill
1149:Ocean City
1071:Hagerstown
1051:Cumberland
936:Chesapeake
931:Blue Ridge
795:Newspapers
790:Mass media
770:Government
452:References
388:As of the
331:solar farm
320:Girl Scout
248:feature ID
156:Population
62:76°46′56″W
1937:Riverside
1847:Ironsides
1832:Doncaster
1817:Bel Alton
1765:Bryantown
1755:Bensville
1605:Worcester
1540:Frederick
1505:Baltimore
1472:White Oak
1377:Parkville
1372:Oxon Hill
1327:Lansdowne
1096:Salisbury
1091:Rockville
1066:Greenbelt
1056:Frederick
1041:Cambridge
1036:Brunswick
1026:Baltimore
1021:Annapolis
976:Tidewater
878:Education
745:(capital)
742:Annapolis
546:August 3,
497:August 3,
472:April 26,
397:, 13.08%
329:A 5.5-MW
284:Geography
280:in 1988.
264:(CDP) in
236:FIPS code
178:Time zone
148:Elevation
59:38°32′1″N
1912:Pomonkey
1902:Patuxent
1887:Nanjemoy
1837:Faulkner
1750:Benedict
1714:La Plata
1689:La Plata
1600:Wicomico
1585:Somerset
1515:Caroline
1495:Allegany
1487:Counties
1477:Woodlawn
1447:Timonium
1442:Suitland
1412:Rosedale
1332:Lochearn
1312:Landover
1282:Ferndale
1277:Fairland
1262:Elkridge
1252:Edgewood
1237:Columbia
1197:Bethesda
1016:Aberdeen
961:Piedmont
898:Politics
883:Gun laws
838:Abortion
732:Maryland
419:Hispanic
409:, 0.07%
405:, 2.73%
401:, 0.72%
270:Maryland
240:24-40700
229:301, 240
212:ZIP code
101:Maryland
1952:Welcome
1897:Newport
1892:Newburg
1862:Marbury
1857:Malcolm
1842:Glymont
1795:Waldorf
1780:Pomfret
1550:Harford
1545:Garrett
1530:Charles
1520:Carroll
1510:Calvert
1462:Waldorf
1402:Redland
1392:Potomac
1357:Odenton
1247:Dundalk
1242:Crofton
1222:Clinton
1217:Chillum
1177:Arbutus
1124:Bel Air
913:Regions
873:Economy
858:Culture
831:Society
817:Symbols
785:History
660:June 4,
305:tobacco
251:0590512
113:Charles
87:Country
1927:Ripley
1907:Pisgah
1872:Masons
1590:Talbot
1555:Howard
1457:Urbana
1452:Towson
1422:Severn
1322:Lanham
1207:Carney
1182:Arnold
1139:Elkton
1134:Easton
1129:Denton
1081:Laurel
1008:Cities
903:Sports
812:People
765:Cities
752:Topics
423:Latino
390:census
347:Census
108:County
1932:Rison
1852:Issue
1806:Other
1700:Towns
1525:Cecil
1362:Olney
1272:Essex
1116:Towns
1031:Bowie
863:Crime
800:Radio
760:Index
728:State
407:Asian
395:White
372:2,438
260:is a
217:20637
206:(EDT)
164:2,438
96:State
1741:CDPs
1560:Kent
1169:CDPs
687:2008
662:2016
640:2020
613:2020
587:2014
548:2012
499:2012
474:2022
368:2020
356:Note
351:Pop.
246:GNIS
119:Area
730:of
564:".
421:or
197:DST
2005::
1685::
1670:,
805:TV
678:.
604:.
539:.
521:.
515:.
490:.
361:%±
268:,
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
720:e
713:t
706:v
689:.
664:.
642:.
615:.
589:.
560:"
550:.
501:.
476:.
377:—
199:)
189:)
185:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
