428:
454:
390:
94:
406:
20:
108:
389:
427:
453:
605:
Frank H. Winter, "The `Boun Bang Fai' Rockets of
Thailand and Laos:", in Lloyd H. Cornett, Jr., ed., History of Rocketry and Astronautics - Proceedings of the Twentieth and Twenty-First History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics, AAS History Series, Vol. 15 (Univelt Inc.: San
1597:
405:
1546:
168:. Rockets are recorded to have been used by the Song navy in a military exercise dated to 1245. Internal-combustion rocket propulsion is mentioned in a reference to 1264, recording that the 'ground-rat,' a type of
399:) constructed by joining together four 'long serpent' rocket launchers, two square 'hundred tigers' rocket-arrow launchers, two multiple-bullet emitters, and two spears for close quarter combat.
1539:
1617:
1602:
1532:
1936:
465:. A double ended rocket arrow pod that carries 30 small poisoned rocket arrows on each end for a total of 60 rocket arrows. It carries a sling for transport.
1632:
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766:
1902:
1780:
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2246:
1592:
2314:
1825:
1556:
655:
122:
1627:
1612:
246:(1371 – 1433) during his voyages to India and Africa. Huo Ches were primarily used in a defensive manner for close-range infantry support.
160:(25 km, or 15 miles) when they exploded upon impact, causing devastation for a radius of 600 meters (2,000 feet), apparently due to
1607:
698:
673:
566:
156:
Rockets may have been used as early as 1232, when reports appeared describing fire arrows and 'iron pots' that could be heard for 5
93:
2516:
2674:
1581:
357:
338:
326:
292:
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133:
70:
46:
34:
1926:
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165:
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2705:
1865:
1587:
616:
2144:
1720:
2725:
2700:
2261:
1700:
2009:
752:
221:
The
Proceedings of the Twentieth and Twenty-First History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics
161:
149:
argues that rockets could not have existed before the 12th century, since the gunpowder formulas listed in the
54:
1369:
2720:
2715:
2679:
2496:
1888:
1768:
200:
Rocket launchers known as "nest of bees" were ordered by the Ming army in 1380. In 1400, the Ming loyalist
2730:
2157:
2044:
1941:
1657:
1513:
19:
2344:
1915:
1735:
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1989:
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1055:
1043:
809:
797:
138:
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2212:
2129:
1785:
1730:
1322:
1178:
315:'rocket chariot'): Multiple rocket launcher supported by a wheelbarrow cart, recorded in
1524:
164:. A "flying fire-lance" that had re-usable barrels was also mentioned to have been used by the
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107:
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239:
127:
The dating of the invention of the first rocket, otherwise known as the gunpowder propelled
78:
172:, had frightened the Empress-Mother Gongsheng at a feast held in her honor by her son the
2539:
2491:
2426:
1979:
1715:
1429:
961:
820:
228:
216:
1066:
374:): It's a type of multiple rocket launcher supported by a two-wheeled cart, recorded in
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1819:
1705:
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682:
209:
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97:
Depiction of rocket arrows known as "divine engine arrows" (shen ji jian 神機箭) from the
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2014:
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157:
321:. The frame of the cart can be attached to variable sizes of rocket pods, including
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1969:
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185:, also known as the Fire Drake Manual, written by the Chinese artillery officer
181:
276:'fire cart'): A fire arrow engine deployed in Jingnan War, recorded in
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1418:
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1116:
981:
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498:
128:
58:
415:). Depiction of a stationary, defensive, fire arrow rocket launcher from the
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2613:
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2382:
2354:
2319:
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1103:
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744:
734:
461:
439:
317:
113:
99:
524:
111:
A "nest of bees" (yi wo feng 一窩蜂) rocket arrow launcher as depicted in the
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2451:
2289:
2241:
2217:
2059:
2054:
1959:
1951:
1803:
1226:
1166:
905:
846:
243:
169:
231:
might have been key in the subsequent spread of rocketry in the Orient.
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attributes the invention to two different people at different times,
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106:
92:
18:
834:
224:
1884:
1528:
748:
234:
As multiple rocket launchers, rocket carts were used in the
189:
in the mid-14th century. This text mentions the first known
179:
Subsequently, rockets are included in the military treatise
561:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–103.
433:
A 'long serpent enemy breaking" fire arrow launcher (長蛇破敵箭
648:
The Asian
Military Revolution: from Gunpowder to the Bomb
589:
587:
459:
The 'convocation of eagles chasing hare arrow' from the
195:'fire-dragon issuing from the water' (huo long chu shui)
117:. So called because of its hexagonal honeycomb shape.
559:
Throwing Fire: Projectile
Technology Through History
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2406:
2231:
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1656:
1563:
1506:
1459:
1337:
1158:
1083:
960:
897:
789:
780:
668:, vol. 5 pt. 4, Cambridge University Press,
443:. It can be attached to Wheelbarrow fire engine (
197:, thought to have been used by the Chinese navy.
2188:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
2223:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
242:(1399 – 1402) and were carried on the ships of
1896:
1540:
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8:
310:
271:
1903:
1889:
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1533:
1525:
786:
767:
753:
745:
204:used rocket launchers against the army of
593:
475:
447:), or carried with a sling on the back.
385:
153:are not suitable as rocket propellant.
2310:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
2247:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
2080:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
2315:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
544:
511:
123:Gunpowder weapons in the Ming dynasty
7:
483:
2150:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
687:Science & Civilisation in China
666:Science & Civilisation in China
411:A 'divine fire arrow shield' (神火箭牌
617:"Rocket carts of the Ming Dynasty"
489:
395:A 'wheelbarrow fire engine' (架火戰車
77:), a historical text covering the
14:
1618:Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms
452:
426:
404:
388:
16:Chinese multiple rocket launcher
581:Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 510.
497:(in Chinese). 1403 – via
333:) with 30 rockets per pod, and
53:) are several types of Chinese
2675:Category:Early modern firearms
2183:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
2154:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
693:, Cambridge University Press,
650:, Cambridge University Press,
370:
361:
342:
330:
305:
296:
267:
74:
57:developed for firing multiple
50:
38:
1:
2140:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
2120:Belton M1777 repeating musket
525:"A Brief History of Rocketry"
345:) with 100 rockets per pod.
2266:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
223:that southern China and the
2407:Medieval large calibre guns
2055:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
2025:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
1866:Self Strengthening Movement
23:Rocket cart illustrated in
2747:
2145:M1696 French common musket
1598:Jin & Sixteen Kingdoms
557:Crosby, Alfred W. (2002).
120:
2670:
2488:Byzantine rocket launcher
2262:Breech-loading swivel gun
2075:Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun
1922:
1495:
1483:
1471:
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851:
839:
827:
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802:
775:Types of Chinese weaponry
2098:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
2045:Meriam kecil hand cannon
2010:Heilongjiang hand cannon
1970:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
1557:Chinese military history
664:Needham, Joseph (1980),
646:Lorge, Peter A. (2008),
639:Warfare in China to 1600
55:multiple rocket launcher
2680:Category:Early firearms
2497:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
1603:Northern & Southern
606:Diego, 1993), pp. 3-24.
289:Wheelbarrow fire engine
215:The American historian
166:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
2084:Shou Chong hand cannon
1942:History of the firearm
1826:Ming gunpowder weapons
1781:Song gunpowder weapons
1514:Eighteen Arms of Wushu
118:
104:
27:
2530:rocket arrow launcher
2524:rocket arrow launcher
2508:Fire crow rocket bomb
2135:Che Dian Chong musket
2020:Huo Chong hand cannon
1666:Ming treasure voyages
1555:Ancient and dynastic
637:Lorge, Peter (2005),
437:) as depicted in the
278:Feng Tian Jing Nan Ji
110:
96:
67:Feng Tian Jing Nan Ji
22:
2517:Hale rocket launcher
2208:Spanish M1752 musket
2088:Tanegashima arquebus
1990:English horse pistol
1932:History of gunpowder
1845:Breechloading musket
435:Chang She Po Di Jian
376:Si Zhen San Guan Zhi
323:Chang She Po Di Jian
25:Si Zhen San Guan Zhi
2536:(Chinese petroleum)
2427:Dardanelles bombard
2398:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
2350:Obusier de vaisseau
1120:(nine section whip)
621:Great Ming Military
131:, is disputed. The
2711:Chinese inventions
2706:Artillery of China
2566:Thunder crash bomb
2213:Springfield musket
2130:Charleville musket
2030:Istinggar arquebus
1786:Thunder crash bomb
1731:Repeating crossbow
1408:(deer horn knives)
1323:Thunder crash bomb
691:The Gunpowder Epic
335:Bai Hu Qi Ben Jian
119:
105:
28:
2688:
2687:
2576:Firing mechanisms
2555:Petroleum naphtha
2460:Pumhart von Steyr
2423:Byzantine bombard
2325:Hu Dun Pao cannon
2125:Brown Bess musket
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1522:
1521:
1468:Armour and Helmet
956:
955:
824:(butterfly sword)
689:, vol. V:7:
657:978-0-521-60954-8
413:shen huo jian pai
313:
274:
191:multistage rocket
145:in 1000. However
81:(1399 – 1402) of
65:first appears in
2738:
2726:Rocket artillery
2701:Weapons of China
2360:Pierrier a boite
2093:Toradar arquebus
2040:Jiaozhi arquebus
1965:Bajozutsu pistol
1905:
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1891:
1882:
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703:
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623:. 14 April 2015.
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527:. Solarviews.com
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397:jia huo zhan che
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344:
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314:
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306:Jià huǒ zhàn chē
298:
275:
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229:rocket festivals
76:
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40:
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2540:Mysorean rocket
2492:Congreve rocket
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2402:
2227:
2102:
1980:Combination gun
1946:
1918:
1916:thermal weapons
1909:
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1736:Siege equipment
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1144:Chang xiao bang
1094:(meteor hammer)
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822:Hudie shuangdao
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683:Needham, Joseph
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217:Frank H. Winter
134:History of Song
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2609:Muzzleloader
2584:Breechloader
2562:rocket arrow
2534:Meng Huo You
2521:
2485:rocket arrow
2475:incendiaries
2447:Grose Bochse
2393:Wankou Chong
1856:
1849:
1837:
1831:
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1811:
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1769:Flamethrower
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985:(dagger-axe)
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790:Short swords
725:Ribauldequin
690:
686:
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631:Bibliography
620:
611:
601:
594:Needham 1986
577:
558:
552:
540:
529:. Retrieved
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233:
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132:
126:
112:
98:
83:Ming dynasty
66:
62:
43:rocket carts
42:
30:
29:
24:
2647:Huolongjing
2639:Literatures
2442:Faule Mette
2437:Faule Grete
2432:Dulle Griet
2295:Ekor lotong
2257:Baton a feu
2158:Jäger rifle
2050:Muff pistol
2005:Hand mortar
2000:Hand cannon
1975:Blunderbuss
1798:Hand cannon
1694:Traditional
1633:Jurchen Jin
1507:Major lists
1492:Hook shield
1444:Fenghuo lun
1251:Rocket cart
1118:Jiujie bian
1107:(rope dart)
898:Long swords
730:Huolongjing
641:, Routledge
418:Huolongjing
371:Huǒjiàn chē
240:Jingnan War
202:Li Jinglong
182:Huolongjing
141:in 969 and
79:Jingnan War
61:. The name
59:fire arrows
2695:Categories
2550:Pen Huo Qi
2512:Greek fire
2503:Fire arrow
2388:Xanadu Gun
2375:Swivel gun
2365:Pot de fer
2305:Fauconneau
1995:Fire lance
1813:Hu dun pao
1791:Fire lance
1764:Fire arrow
1460:Protection
1419:Hook sword
1406:Lujiao dao
1311:Hu dun pao
1191:Fire arrow
1159:Projectile
1105:Sheng biao
1068:Yueya chan
720:Fire arrow
545:Lorge 2005
531:2012-06-14
512:Lorge 2005
499:Wikisource
471:References
354:Huojianche
349:Huojianche
227:community
129:fire arrow
121:See also:
2657:Wubei Zhi
2629:Wheellock
2614:Snaphance
2599:Matchlock
2594:Flintlock
2560:Singijeon
2383:Veuglaire
2379:Tarasnice
2355:Organ gun
2320:Hongyipao
2285:Chongtong
2275:Carronade
2234:artillery
2198:Musketoon
2065:Pepperbox
1858:Hongyipao
1774:Petroleum
1756:Gunpowder
1687:Equipment
1239:Shouchong
942:Zhanmadao
883:Yanmaodao
859:Niuweidao
735:Wubei Zhi
485:"三"
462:Wubei Zhi
440:Wubei Zhi
318:Wubei Zhi
260:Fire cart
114:Wubei Zhi
100:Wubei Zhi
2619:Snaplock
2452:Mons Meg
2300:Falconet
2290:Culverin
2252:Basilisk
2218:Wall gun
2060:Petronel
1960:Arquebus
1952:Firearms
1927:Timeline
1804:Huochong
1746:War cart
1726:Crossbow
1721:Elephant
1716:Polearms
1338:Handheld
1227:Huochong
1203:Huoqiang
1179:Zhuge nu
962:Polearms
906:Changdao
847:Liuyedao
709:See also
685:(1986),
250:Variants
244:Zheng He
170:firework
162:shrapnel
2589:Doglock
2545:Naphtha
2522:Huo Che
2483:Bo-hiya
2471:rockets
2419:Basilic
2414:Bombard
2335:Lantaka
2280:Cetbang
2112:muskets
1832:Huo Che
1741:Stirrup
1701:Chariot
1431:Ji lian
971:Guandao
918:Miaodao
871:Piandao
382:Gallery
358:Chinese
339:Chinese
327:Chinese
293:Chinese
264:Chinese
255:Huo Che
238:in the
225:Laotian
187:Jiao Yu
158:leagues
143:Tang Fu
89:History
71:Chinese
63:Huo Che
47:Chinese
35:Chinese
31:Huo Che
2528:Hwacha
2469:Early
2370:Prangi
2345:Mortar
2270:Cannon
2232:Early
2193:Musket
2173:Jingal
2108:Rifles
2070:Pistol
1985:Dragon
1711:Swords
1706:Armour
1565:Armies
1480:Shield
1382:Emeici
1131:Sanjie
782:Swords
715:Hwacha
697:
672:
654:
565:
494:
368::
366:pinyin
360::
341::
329::
303::
301:pinyin
295::
266::
206:Zhu Di
193:, the
73::
49::
37::
1573:Shang
1032:Qiang
1020:Podao
930:Wodao
798:Dadao
492:奉天靖難記
343:百虎齊奔箭
331:長蛇破敵箭
75:奉天靖難紀
41:) or
2473:and
2340:Lela
2242:Abus
2110:and
1914:and
1658:Navy
1648:Qing
1643:Ming
1638:Yuan
1628:Song
1623:Liao
1613:Tang
1578:Zhou
1394:Jiǎn
1370:Chúi
1346:Biān
1056:Tang
835:Jian
828:蝴蝶雙刀
695:ISBN
670:ISBN
652:ISBN
563:ISBN
312:lit.
297:架火戰車
273:lit.
1608:Sui
1588:Han
1449:風火輪
1412:鹿角刀
1387:峨嵋刺
1358:Chǐ
1328:震天雷
1316:虎蹲砲
1304:碗口銃
1292:迅雷銃
1280:掣電銃
1268:三眼銃
1256:火箭車
1220:突火槍
1184:諸葛弩
1149:長小棒
1137:三節棍
1133:gun
1124:九節鞭
1098:流星錘
1074:月牙鏟
1049:紅纓槍
996:Gun
947:斬馬刀
888:雁毛刀
864:牛尾刀
852:柳葉刀
810:Dao
378:.
362:火箭車
280:.
212:).
51:火箭車
2697::
1496:鉤鑲
1472:甲胄
1436:鷄鐮
1244:手銃
1232:火銃
1208:火槍
1196:火箭
1167:Nu
1111:繩鏢
1025:朴刀
1008:Ji
983:Ge
976:關刀
935:倭刀
923:苗刀
911:長刀
876:片刀
803:大刀
619:.
586:^
488:.
364:;
309:;
299:;
270:;
268:火車
176:.
85:.
39:火車
1904:e
1897:t
1890:v
1584:)
1580:(
1548:e
1541:t
1534:v
1484:盾
1423:鉤
1399:鐧
1375:錘
1363:尺
1351:鞭
1172:弩
1061:镗
1037:槍
1013:戟
1001:棍
989:戈
840:劍
815:刀
768:e
761:t
754:v
704:.
571:.
534:.
514:.
501:.
421:.
356:(
337:(
325:(
291:(
262:(
208:(
103:.
69:(
45:(
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
