Hull Pals - Knowledge (XXG)

961:(the rest of 31st Division was still too shattered to take part). A 48-hour preliminary bombardment began on 11 November, and the brigade moved into the trenches on the night of 12/13, along communication trenches clogged with mud. Zero hour was 05.30 on 13 November, and 12th and 13th East Yorks led the way up the slope towards Serre, with 11th Bn in close support and 10th providing flank guards and carrying parties. Fog, light rain and a smokescreen reduced visibility to a few yards, and initially the two battalions had little difficulty, 12th Bn achieving their objectives within 20 minutes. The first wave of 13th Bn took the German front trench, and the following waves reached the second trench, but the battalion of 3rd Division to their right was in difficulties and could not get across No man's land. The third wave of 13th Bn took the German third trench, but were counter-attacked from their right and cut off, about 50 men being taken prisoner. 12th and 13th Bns held on in the captured trenches, but 3rd Division made no progress. Small-scale fighting went on all day, and Private 1244:

in the line with the Australians, carrying out a number of raids. On 24 May the brigade came out of the line and began training for offensive operations. 31st Division was scheduled for Operation Borderland, a limited attack on La Becque and other fortified farms in front of the Forest of Nieppe to be carried out on 28 June, chosen because it was the anniversary of the capture of Oppy. The barrage began at 06.00 and the brigade followed it closely with all three battalions in line, in what was described as 'a model operation' for artillery cooperation. Some casualties were suffered from British shells falling short, but the German resistance was slight and the final objectives were taken by 07.25. Several hundred prisoners were captured, together with field guns and mortars. The positions were consolidated under long range machine gun fire. German troops massing for a counter-attack were dispersed by artillery fire. The brigade was relieved on 30 June.

256: 1081: 491:

experience who could carry out the training, and no weapons with which to train. As with many of the Kitchener and TF recruits across the country, there were no uniforms available at first, but the Hull Pals were lucky in receiving their khaki uniforms in November. Until then, they wore civilian dress with armbands in battalion colours. The ERTA appealed for winter clothing for all the recruits in the East Riding. The appeal was headed by Lady Nunburnholme, who also set up the Hull Voluntary Aid Committee, which distributed clothing to troops at the front, trained nurses, and sent parcels to

921: 874: 412: 1262:, 10th Bn ran into strong German positions and suffered heavy casualties from German machine guns in strongpoints such as Soyer Farm. 11th East Lancs renewed the attack the following day and took Soyer Farm, but lost it to a counter-attack. 11th East Yorks were no more successful with a dawn attack on 6 September. A smokescreen and barrage on 7 September did not help 10th East Yorks, who advanced 1200 yards but failed to gain Soyer Farm, which remained in German hands when the brigade was relieved on 12 September. 1037:, reorganised their men for a second attempt. This too failed, but Harrison dashed on alone to try to silence the machine gun that was holding up his men. He was killed and later awarded a posthumous VC. 11th Battalion lost 63 men killed. 12th Battalion's attack also failed, suffering 83 killed. The three attacking battalions withdrew from No man's land to their own trenches after dark, where they were relieved by the Accrington Pals while 13th East Yorks brought in the dead and wounded from the battlefield. 946: 55: 1041: 71: 31: 285:, issued his famous call to arms: "Your King and Country Need You", urging the first 100,000 volunteers to come forward. This group of six divisions with supporting arms became known as Kitchener's First New Army, or "K1". The flood of volunteers overwhelmed the ability of the army to absorb and organise them, and by the time the Fifth New Army (K5) was authorised, many of its constituent units were being organised as " 933:

communication and jumping-off trenches, which were full of dead and wounded, there were no British troops left in the German positions. D Company of 10th Bn had held the British trenches all day and were exhausted, but continued to hold them overnight, stationed in the reserve trench with an outpost in the front line. The brigade had been lucky, and only suffered a handful of casualties during the day.

1159:, improvising the defences. Ervillers was attacked on the evening of 24 March, the defence being confused by British troops retreating from the forward defences. Two companies of 10th Bn were pushed up to reinforce 11th Bn fighting in the village streets. About midnight a German patrol got into the village but was captured by 11th Bn's HQ staff. The following day the 11th Bn was reinforced by 10th Bn 1073: 1065:

brigade reserve, two companies of 11th Bn were to hold the front line, and 13th Bn was to provide carrying parties. Before the attack, each battalion of 92 Bde supplied a detachment for a trench raid to reconnoitre the objectives (Cadorna Trench, Wood Trench and Windmill Trench). 94 Brigade made its attack in the evening of 28 June and successfully took the trenches, completing the

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were wounded, and the attack became disorganised. It was later discovered that a number of 10th Bn's men were captured having got through the German trenches into Oppy village. The rest of the battalion remained pinned down in No man's land all day, having lost over 100 men. Similarly, 11th Bn was hit by machine guns firing from Oppy Wood and pinned down. The officers, including

1000: 1049: 982:). On 24 February information arrived that the Germans had evacuated Serre, and fighting patrols went out the following day; some met considerable opposition but 11th Bn pushed through to the German fourth line. The Germans now began bombarding their own trenches to cover their withdrawal, which was the start of their retirement to the 1614:

It is alleged that Lt-Col Burges was removed from command for refusing to risk any more men after two failed attempts to recover the body of an officer (son of a well-known politician) from No man's land during the bombardment. Burges left 10th Bn East Yorks on 30 June to become an instructor at the

1252:

Successes like La Becque showed that the tide of war was turning. After a relatively quiet period in July, during which 92 Bde achieved small advances through aggressive patrolling and seizing strongpoints (so-called "peaceful penetration"), the Allies began a coordinated offensive in August. 31st

1243:

During April, 10th East Yorks lost 368 men, and 11th lost 426, but fresh drafts were absorbed. Meanwhile, a temporary 92nd Composite Bn was formed from two companies from each of the battalions to relieve an Australian unit in the line. Before the end of the month the brigade was again taking turns

1234:

held by the 11th East Lancs and another composite battalion of details from five different divisions under Lt-Col Gurney of 11th East Yorks. The attack was renewed on the morning of 13 May, when the defenders caused heavy casualties among the attacking Germans. The brigade withdrew in early morning

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aerodrome against repeated attacks from 11.20 to 16.30, when with both flanks 'in the air' it brigade pulled back to the partly-dug 'Purple Line' in front of Ayette village. Between 24 and 27 March 10th Bn had lost 211 officers and men, and was praised "for its exceptional gallantry on March 27" by

461:

Lord Nunburnholme organised a second recruiting campaign in Hull in November, which raised a further 894 men for the 4th Hull Battalion which took any able-bodied recruits, regardless of background, and for want of a better name was known in the Yorkshire vernacular as "T'others". It drilled in the

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and President of the East Riding Territorial Association (ERTA). At this meeting, Kitchener authorised Nunburnholme and the ERTA to raise a battalion of the East Yorkshire Regiment. This was unusual because most of the county Territorial Associations were fully engaged with recruiting and equipping

973:

became casualties. A Lewis gun team from 10th Bn stopped an attack on the left flank of 12th Bn. By the end of the day both battalions had been driven back to their starting positions. Only two of the 16 officers of 12th Bn who had gone into the attack remained unwounded. The brigade suffered over

932:

31st Division found it impossible to get any support across the fire-swept No man's land for the rest of the day. 92 Brigade was ordered to renew the attack with two battalions during the night. Luckily, this order was cancelled: even if the brigade could have been brought up through the shattered

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started at 03.45 and the brigade set off in four waves, in the dark and mist, into severe machine gun fire. 10th Battalion found that in many places the wire had not been cut and had to funnel through the few gaps. This slowed the attack, which fell behind the barrage. All four company commanders

897:(1 July). It held the front line trenches during the British bombardment in the days leading up to the battle, suffering significant casualties from the German counter-bombardment (about 100 killed and wounded for 10th Bn alone). The night before the battle, working parties of 10th Bn were out in 490:

in their own homes, attending daily training in the parks and squares around Hull, or route marches to the outlying villages. One company of the "Commercials" became known as "Glossop's Greyhounds" because of the speed of their route marching. There was a shortage of people with previous military

590:

In April 1915 the WO changed its policy: the K4 battalions now became Reserve battalions with the role of training reinforcements for the K1–K3 Service battalions going overseas. The six K4 divisions were therefore broken up and their numbers reassigned to the first six K5 divisions. Thus 113th

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On Christmas Eve every officer and man in the Hull Pals and Heavy Artillery received a Christmas Card from Lord Nunburnholme consisting of a picture of St George slaying the dragon with the badge of the East Yorkshire Regiment and coloured bands representing the distinctive armbands worn by the

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Casualties in 12th Bn had been so severe that it was temporarily reduced to two composite companies attached to the 10th and 11th Bns respectively. A fresh attack on Oppy Wood was arranged for 28 June. This time the attack was to be made by 94 Bde with 92 Bde in support. 10th Battalion was the

255: 1192:

ammunition from behind enemy lines, which was fired the following day. Although fighting continued elsewhere along the line, 28 March was a quieter day for 92 Bde, and 11th Bn took over some trenches started by 210th Field Company, Royal Engineers, which they continued to dig. The brigade was

1113:

By the end of 1917 the BEF was suffering an acute manpower shortage. As a result, its brigades were reorganised on a three-battalion basis in February 1918 and many battalions were disbanded to reinforce the remainder. 12th Bn East Yorks was drafted to the 6th and 7th Bns East Yorks

1275:) but was postponed to 15.00 because of bad weather. 10th East Yorks advanced behind a creeping barrage protecting the right flank of 11th East Lancs and suffered heavy casualties, but the general retirement of the Germans along the whole line allowed 10th Bn to push on through 469:

officer who had commanded 1st Bn East Riding Regiment before the war. Lieutenant-Colonel Stanley was replaced at the head of the "Tradesmen" by Lt-Col Beauchamp St Clair–Ford, another retired officer, and moved on to raise the "T'Others" until Lt-Col R.H. Dewing (retired,

1295:

Returning to the line on 12 October, patrols from 10th East Yorks slipped across the Lys on a raft during the night of 14/15 October and established posts on the far bank. The following afternoon A Company crossed and then advanced under a barrage and reached the

1257:

on 18 August 1918 and pushed forward until running into serious opposition on 21 August. After a short rest, 92 Bde returned to the front to continue pushing forward behind patrols. On 4 September, advancing without a barrage towards the Warnave river south of

1221:

troops could withdraw. 11th Battalion held the outposts while 10th Bn pushed forward to make contact with the enemy. 10th Battalion's patrols found no friendly troops in front, only Germans. Next day the Germans threw in all their reserves to try to take

1104:

sector, where it continued until the end of the year, trench holding, patrolling and trench raiding. The platoons were reorganised on the new system with specialist sections of riflemen, bombers, rifle grenadiers and Lewis gunners.

1226:, with 10th Bn also being attacked by aircraft. After both flanks were again left in the air, 10th and 11th Bns were forced to retire across watercourses and hedges, pursued by the enemy, until they reached a railway embankment at 1130:, and the remainder to the 4th Entrenching Battalion. 13th Battalion was also drafted, the residue going to 4th Entrenching Bn. The two remaining Hull Pals battalions were joined in 92 Bde by the Accrington Pals (11th (Service) Bn 674:. As a 'Local Reserve' unit for the four battalions it had an approximate establishment of 2600 men; the other units of 21st Reserve Bde similarly supported the other Pals battalions of 31st Division. In January 1916 it moved to 449:

captain, was the chief speaker at a public meeting held at the Park Street Artillery Barracks on 12 September to raise recruits for this battalion, which reached full strength in October. A number of the recruits were drawn from

514:

in November, a 5th Hull Battalion – known as "Bobs' Battalion" after the diminutive hero Earl Roberts ('Bobs') – began to be raised, but failed to reach its minimum establishment strength and was broken up to provide reserves.

1304:

road. 11th East Yorks passed through the following night and continued the advance on 16 and 17 October, liberating several villages. 10th East Yorks took up the pursuit the next day, advancing in company columns screened by

1324:

Back in the line from 28 October, the brigade continued to advance slowly against machine gun and shell fire, from rearguards who "did not appear disposed to give ground". It served as divisional reserve for an attack at

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in the same division. About August 1918 it returned to Clipstone Camp, where it remained for the rest of the war. After the war ended it was converted into a service battalion on 8 February 1919, but was absorbed into

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The brigade returned to the same trenches on 23 September, but the machine guns in Soyer Farm prevented any "peaceful penetration". A formal attack was arranged for the morning of 28 September (the opening day of the

537:

On 10 December the formation of the Fifth New Army (K5) was authorised: the four Hull battalions were to form 113th Brigade of 38th Division. The other brigades of the division were composed of Pals battalions from

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of 31 August 1914 carried Lord Nunburnholme's proposal to raise a "Commercial Battalion" from men working in business offices in Hull who would serve alongside their friends. Recruitment opened the following day at

1188:. During the night, Lt-Col Headlam of 10th Bn led up a composite battalion of troops from the quartermasters' details of all three battalions to take over part of the Purple Line, and they helped to recover some 977:

The Hull Pals remained on the Ancre through the winter of 1916-17, progressively diluted as reinforcements came in from other battalions of the East Yorks, or from other regiments (including a draft from the

936:

On 2 July the shattered division was pulled out of the line and sent north to a quiet sector for rest and refit, though there was the usual trickle of casualties associated with trench holding and raiding.

1150:

opened on 21 March 1918, 31st Division was in reserve, with 10th and 11th Bns digging trenches in the 'Army Line' behind the front. On 23 March the division was sent up to hold off the German attack at

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in 1916, though they escaped the worst of the disaster. However, they suffered heavy casualties in the same area later in the year, and again at Oppy Wood in early 1917. They continued to serve on the

1368:

to deal with possible riots by men working in the Ordnance depot. They returned to St Omer within two days. Demobilisation accelerated in February and by April both battalions had been reduced to

870:. Over the next weeks the battalions took their turns in the routine of trench holding, working parties, patrolling and trench raiding, with a constant drain on manpower from shelling and snipers. 3404: 3394: 356:(TF) units and had no time for the New Army units. In contrast, by the end of 1915 Lord Nunburnholme and the ERTA had not only raised 2nd and 3rd Line TF units for the East Riding Regiment, 1336:

and the brigade and continued to push forward. 11th East Yorks advanced as part of a pursuit force including an RFA battery and companies from the divisional machine gun battalion, the

438:

J.L. Stanley, formerly of the 5th (Cyclist) Bn East Riding Regiment (TF), was placed in temporary command and set up battalion headquarters (HQ) in the cricket pavilion on Anlaby Road.

917:. The advancing lines were almost annihilated by German machine guns and shellfire, and only a few parties got into the enemy front line, where they remained pinned down all day. 419:

Wenlock Barracks and the peacetime Army Recruiting Office at Pryme Street were inadequate for the surge of volunteers from all over the East Riding, so Lord Nunburnholme borrowed

766: 698: 841: 1167:

and their combined fire stopped the German advance. However, events elsewhere meant that the 31st and 42nd Divisions were ordered on the morning of 27 March to retire through

844:, with 12th and 13th Bns in support. Although this was a quiet sector of the line, the battalions suffered their first casualties during this short tour, mainly from German 408:

Dock Superintendents' office. The battalion reached its full establishment (just over 1000 men) on 5 September, and recruiting immediately began for a 2nd Hull Battalion.

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railway line behind, but were driven off. Pressure was kept up through 19 and 20 October, until the brigade was squeezed out of the advancing line and went into support.

1364:(chiefly of coal miners) began on 11 December and proceeded at a steadily increasing rate during January 1919. On 29 January the 10th and 11th Bns were sent by rail to 369: 583:

On 13 December, each New Army battalion was authorised to increase its establishment by 250 men (to 1350), forming a fifth (depot) company to provide reinforcements.

348: 913:

went 'over the top' at 07.30 on 1 July, 10 minutes after the explosion of the nearby Hawthorn Ridge mine had alerted the enemy. Their objective was the village of

530:. The camp was unfinished, 60 men being crowded into each 30-man hut without doors or windows, and the whole camp was a sea of mud. The battalion did receive old 2712: 690: 1871: 1332:

On 3 November the division was withdrawn into reserve. It returned to the line on the night of 6/7 November. On 9 November the 11th East Lancs crossed the

905:

for the assaulting troops to pass through. It then withdrew into the support trenches, leaving D Company to hold the front line while the assault went in.

428: 2588: 1209:

area the brigade received large numbers of reinforcements, mainly under the age of 19. The bombardment for the second phase of the German offensive (the

1080: 1575:

This unit was advertised as the 7th (Hull) Battalion, taking its number after the K1 battalion being recruited at the East Riding Regiment's depot at

1235:

mist the following day through a new line held by fresh Australian and British troops, who defeated the attacks and ensured the safety of Hazebrouck.

778: 372:, 124th (2nd Hull) and 146th (3rd Hull)) and the 31st (Hull) Divisional Ammunition Column, RFA. Lord Nunburnholme asked Major W.H. Carver, a retired 854:

batteries (TMBs), with the Hull Pals contributing men to 92/1 and 92/2 TMBs for 92 Bde. 10th Battalion also provided working parties to assist the

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rifles, but when the WO asked for a report on their efficiency Lt-Col Richardson reported that "rifles will certainly go off, doubtful which end."

749: 1344:

cyclists, and marched 23,000 yards (21,000 m) on 10 November. Despite heavy German artillery fire on the night of 10/11 November, when the

737: 405: 377: 328: 320: 136: 1092:, possibly because it was still not considered to have recovered from its ordeal on the Somme a year before. Instead, it served alongside the 3251: 3128: 3092: 3077: 282: 510:

of the 1st Hull Battalion on 11 November; unfortunately he died on 14 November. After the Army's minimum height requirement was lowered for

3331: 1539: 297: 1356:

The division began to pull back on 13 November, and by the end of the month the Hull battalions were established in 'Hull Camp' south of

566:, including the Divisional Ammunition Column from Hull The four battalions of Hull Pals also received their formal titles at this time: 435: 957:, which was to be the last big operation of the year. Serre had still not been taken, and 92 Bde was assigned to the attack alongside 309: 304:"would be willing to enlist if they were assured that they would serve with their friends". The 10th "Stockbrokers" Battalion of the 3273: 3237: 3222: 3200: 3181: 3162: 3147: 3107: 3062: 1412: 1376:

on 26 May and after being inspected by Lord Nunburnholme they marched through the city to the Guildhall and officially disbanded.

812:. On 26 February orders arrived to reverse the process and on 1 March the division began re-embarking at Port Said. It unloaded at 1348:

came into force on 11 November, 11th East Lancs were leading the division, and scouts reported that there were no enemy in front.

622:, where brigade training began in earnest. Musketry training was finally begun in August, and in September the division. moved to 465:

Major Carver stood down from the "Commercials" on 12 September, and was succeeded in command by Lt-Col A.J. Richardson, a retired

3409: 3121:

The Road to Lindi: Hull Boys in Africa: The 1st (Hull) Heavy Battery Royal Garrison Artillery in East Africa and France 1914–1919

761: 753: 267: 1889: 1164: 1127: 393: 1218: 1135: 725: 721: 596: 279: 224: 1213:) opened on 7 April, and by 11 April the brigade had been called forward in ex-London buses to form a defensive line near 1152: 958: 920: 910: 906: 873: 592: 102: 614:. Local training for the Hull Pals ended in late May and early June, and the units of 31st Division began to assemble at 3085:

Hull Pals, 10th, 11th 12th and 13th Battalions East Yorkshire Regiment – A History of 92 Infantry Brigade, 31st Division

638:. The CO of 10th Bn, Lt-Col Richardson, was removed from command after arguments with authority, and replaced by Lt-Col 1576: 1457: 1416: 1395: 1185: 821: 442: 336: 236: 1283:, which were untouched by artillery shells. Following through, 11th East Yorks advanced the brigade's line up to the 1021:

began the next day. After a period of training and trench-holding, the brigade moved into assembly trenches opposite

3286: 3261:, London: Samson Books, 1978, ISBN 0-906304-03-2/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-84342-197-9. 3055:

History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division

1713: 3356: 1589: 1341: 423:

and opened it on 6 September as the Central Hull Recruiting Office for all the units being raised. Douglas Boyd, a

275: 2723: 2233: 1602: 1337: 1306: 962: 431:

and appointed recruiting officer. The 'Commercials' took over the fair ground at Walton Street as a drill field.

3373: 411: 3389: 3347: 1373: 1210: 1131: 1119: 1115: 953:

The Somme Offensive was still going on at the end of October when 31st Division returned to the sector for the

855: 702: 643: 559: 475: 373: 361: 340: 2592: 1088:

31st Division was not committed to the Third Ypres Offensive of Summer 1917, which culminated in the dreadful

2343: 1147: 1089: 332: 240: 216: 174: 1605:, but was removed from command for his views on execution for cowardice, and returned to the retired List. 1345: 1018: 979: 894: 863: 833: 647: 244: 232: 178: 166: 1272: 710: 357: 914: 709:) as 91st Training Reserve Bn. Both of these battalions remained in 21st Reserve Bde, stationed in the 228: 3031: 30: 3135: 1442: 1123: 1097: 1066: 671: 446: 170: 147: 3050:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1938/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-41-X. 1556: 1168: 1160: 1026: 1022: 954: 867: 471: 220: 162: 158: 74: 1811:

War Office Instructions: July 1915, Appendix VI; September 1915, No 183 and Appendices VII and IX.

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but a full infantry brigade of 'Hull Pals' with a depot battalion, three RGA heavy batteries (the

1280: 1053: 1034: 1007: 324: 112: 744:. 72nd Division was broken up at the beginning of 1918 and on 15 January the battalion moved to 434:

The 2nd Hull Battalion was the "Tradesmen", which was recruited to full strength in three days.

832:

The brigade was first introduced to trench warfare on 21 March by groups being attached to the

3327: 3269: 3247: 3233: 3218: 3196: 3177: 3158: 3143: 3124: 3103: 3088: 3073: 3058: 2670: 1301: 1101: 1031: 809: 511: 424: 353: 2169: 1616: 1369: 1276: 898: 539: 401: 389: 945: 631: 531: 3351: 3188: 3048:

History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3a: New Army Divisions (9–26)

1551: 983: 859: 635: 543: 492: 365: 344: 305: 70: 1297: 1056:, 11th Bn East Yorks, killed in action at Oppy Wood 3 May 1917, posthumously awarded the 986:. The battalions suffered a number of casualties in attacks following up the retirement. 602:

By April all four battalions were in camps in the East Riding: 10th at Hornsea, 11th at

1535:

After the war, the City of Hull erected a memorial in France on the edge of Oppy Wood.

1513:

The number of deaths on active service among the Hull Pals battalions were as follows:

1431: 1405: 1361: 1093: 1057: 1040: 966: 837: 794: 679: 615: 503: 420: 301: 286: 200: 59: 54: 3020: 836:

in the line. On 28 March the 10th and 11th Bns relieved Ulster battalions in front of

3383: 1401: 1254: 1206: 902: 851: 757: 706: 667: 639: 551: 547: 292:

The initiative for the "Pals battalions" came from the Director of Recruiting at the

196: 1134:) from the disbanded 94 Bde (which had absorbed the whole of 8th Bn East Lancs from 474:) took over. The first CO of the "Sportsmen" was Lt-Col H.R. Pease, formerly of the 1309:

cyclist battalion, and then 11th East Lancs passed through to liberate the town of

607: 499: 466: 455: 454:, including members of the violent "Silver Hatchet Gang". The battalion drilled in 271: 259: 3176:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1947/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1993, 1072: 289:" under the auspices of mayors and corporations of towns up and down the country. 3142:, Vol II, London: Macmillan, 1925/Imperial War Museum & Battery Press, 1995, 3057:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, 1259: 846: 817: 786: 1048: 793:, the advance parties were recalled, and on 7 December the troops embarked at 2671:'Entrenching Battalions', The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 95/5494/1. 1552:

Imperial War Museum photographs of 10th Bn East Yorkshires on the march, 1916.

1227: 1223: 1189: 805: 782: 603: 555: 451: 323:

had a meeting with Kitchener. Nunburnholme, head of a family of shipowners in

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Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army's Art of Attack 1916–18

1310: 1284: 1156: 999: 877: 813: 801: 745: 675: 663: 563: 523: 396:, loaned by the ERTA, and 200 men were attested on the first day. Some came 313: 850:

s (trench mortars). Shortly afterwards 31st Division formed its own light

777:

On 29 November 1915 the 31st Division received warning orders to join the

1318: 1214: 925: 881: 623: 611: 266:

On 6 August 1914, less than 48 hours after Britain's declaration of war,

84: 1329:

on 31 October 1918 that was so successful the reserve was not required.

308:

was raised in less than a week in August. Impressed by the success, the

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History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916

3140:

History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1914

1357: 1333: 1314: 1194: 970: 733: 729: 519: 507: 3170:

History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918

2635:

John Lee, 'The British Divisions at Third Ypres', p. 226, in Liddle,

924:

Battalion transport of the 10th Bn East Yorks (Hull Commercials) near

1365: 1326: 1231: 1180: 627: 527: 487: 781:

in France, and advance parties set out for the embarkation ports of

3344: 689:

On 1 September 1916 Local Reserve units were incorporated into the

1079: 1071: 1047: 1039: 1014: 998: 919: 893:

92 Brigade was to be in support of 31st Division's assault on the

872: 790: 670:, from the depot companies of the four Hull battalions as part of 634:

service rifles and carried out final intensive battle training on

619: 410: 254: 3368: 3210:, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-007-3. 3193:

History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Western Front 1914–18

1615:

Senior Officers' School. He later commanded another battalion at

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respectively), to 10th and 11th Bns in 92nd Bde, to the 2/4th Bn

312:

coined the phrase "a battalion of pals", and began recruiting in

3361: 3168:

Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds & Lt-Col R. Maxwell-Hyslop,

3400:

Military units and formations in the East Riding of Yorkshire

1588:

There is an unverified story that Lord Nunburnholme acquired

1579:, but the number was officially assigned to the K2 battalion. 239:

for the rest of the war, including hard fighting against the

3302:

Instructions Issued by The War Office During September, 1915

969:(VC) for fighting on alone when all the rest of his team of 579:

13th (Service) Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment (4th Hull)

576:

12th (Service) Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment (3rd Hull)

573:

11th (Service) Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment (2nd Hull)

570:

10th (Service) Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment (1st Hull)

3217:, Newhaven, CT, & London: Yale University Press, 1994, 1384:

The following officers commanded the Hull Pals battalions:

1372:. These cadres left for England on 22 May. They arrived at 713:

area. The training staff retained their East Yorks badges.

2299:

Army Council Instruction 205 of January 1916, Appendix 17.

1025:

during the night of 2/3 May, under shellfire. The British

880:

section of the 10th Bn East Yorks (Hull Commercials) near

804:

between 24 December and 23 January 1916 and went into the

380:), to command the new unit while it was being recruited. 1013:

On 8 April 1917, 92 Bde left the Ancre and moved to the

974:

800 casualties, mostly in the two attacking battalions.

300:, who suggested that many man working in finance in the 3314:

Army Council Instructions Issued During September, 1916

3296:

Instructions Issued by The War Office During July, 1915

3266:

Passchendaele in Perspective: The Third Battle of Ypres

3157:, Vol I, London: Macmillan,1932/Woking: Shearer, 1986, 1279:

the next day, despite considerable fire from the enemy

1592:

in the US at his own expense for the Hull Pals' drill.

1542:

outside Hull; it is maintained by the Woodland Trust.

1193:

relieved on 31 March and marched back to billets near

3308:

Army Council Instructions Issued During January, 1916

1601:

Richardson later went to France in command of 8th Bn

1100:

during July and August. In September it moved to the

789:. At the last minute, the destination was changed to 699:

15th (Reserve) Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment

3174:

26th September–11th November, The Advance to Victory

2354:

Army Council Instruction 1528 of 1916, Appendix 135.

816:

between 6 and 16 March and then concentrated in the

441:

The 3rd Hull Battalion was the "Sportsmen". The Hon

316:. Soon they were springing up all over the country. 3405:

Military units and formations in Kingston upon Hull

2906:

Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, pp. 278, 284, 288–90.

189: 184: 154: 142: 132: 118: 108: 98: 90: 80: 65: 48: 40: 23: 866:that was to be exploded to launch the forthcoming 3395:Military units and formations established in 1914 1557:Photographs of Oppy Wood memorial by Mike Antony. 1538:A memorial wood named 'Oppy Wood' was planted at 2309: 2307: 2305: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 3374:The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918 (archive site) 3195:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1986, 2875:Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, pp. 71–2, 82, 85. 562:. Similarly, all the field artillery came from 349:Lord-Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire 522:for defence duties on a stretch of coast from 270:sanctioned an increase of 500,000 men for the 3208:Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978 3102:, London: Frederick Muller, 1968/Star, 1981, 2713:East Lancashire Regiment at Long, Long Trail. 2243: 2241: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1943: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 716:On 14 July 1917, 90th TR Bn was redesignated 8: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 820:area as part of the BEF. It remained on the 678:in Nottinghamshire; by April 1916 it was at 3357:Imperial War Museum, War Memorials Register 2327: 2325: 2323: 2116: 2114: 2112: 1890:East Riding Regiment at Regimental Warpath. 591:Brigade of 38th Division was renumbered as 262:'s recruitment poster for Kitchener's Army. 3114:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 2589:"Oppy Wood at Humber Museums WWI Timeline" 2339: 2337: 2229: 2227: 2208: 2206: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1044:92 Bde's attack at Oppy Wood 3–4 May 1917. 736:. On 1 November it was transderred to the 29: 2937:Edmonds & Maxwell-Hyslop, pp. 444–50. 1872:East Riding Regiment at Long, Long Trail. 518:In mid-November the 1st Hull Bn moved to 215:were a brigade of four battalions of the 3283:, London: Allen Lane 1971/Fontana, 1975. 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 944: 3281:The First Day on the Somme, 1 July 1916 2517:Middlebrook, pp. 195–7, 216–20, 236–41. 1638:Becke, Pt 3a, pp. 2, 8, 24, Appendix I. 1631: 1568: 486:Until early 1915, most of the men were 274:, and on 11 August the newly appointed 720:, and by 25th September it had joined 321:Charles Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme 137:Charles Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme 20: 3021:IWM War Memorials Register ref 51986. 2344:Training Reserve at Long, Long Trail. 1217:through which retreating British and 219:(the "East Yorks") raised as part of 7: 3289:The Royal Fusiliers in the Great War 1155:, but 92 Bde remained in reserve at 654:14th & 15th (Reserve) Battalions 587:different battalions and batteries. 3246:, Barnsley, Pen & Sword, 2013, 3232:, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 1996, 3087:, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2014, 3072:, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2015, 1184:the Commander in Chief of the BEF, 738:King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry 378:King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry 3123:, Brighton: Reveille Press, 2013, 901:cutting lanes through the British 94:Brigade (4 Battalions and Reserve) 14: 3345:First World War at Humber Museums 3244:Accrington's Pals: The Full Story 3230:Battleground Europe: Somme: Serre 1526:13th (Service) Bn (4th Hull): 314 1523:12th (Service) Bn (3rd Hull): 390 1520:11th (Service) Bn (2nd Hull): 599 1517:10th (Service) Bn (1st Hull): 610 697:, while the 15th was absorbed by 35:East Yorkshire Regiment cap badge 16:British military unit (1914-1919) 3316:, London, HM Stationery Office. 3310:, London, HM Stationery Office. 3228:Jack Horsfall & Nigel Cave, 2724:37 Division at Long, Long Trail. 2234:31 Division at Long, Long Trail. 331:in the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, 69: 53: 3304:, London: HM Stationery Office. 3298:, London: HM Stationery Office. 3153:Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds, 3070:Hull in the Great War 1914–1919 2552:Horsfall & Cave, pp. 77–88. 2473:Middlebrook, pp. 122–31, 150–1. 2455:Horsfall & Cave, pp. 59–71. 2363:Becke, Pt 2b, pp. 91–8, 107–10. 1165:42nd (East Lancashire) Division 1128:62nd (2nd West Riding) Division 1084:Oppy under shellfire, May 1917. 554:(two battalions), Durham Pals, 1499:Lt-Col A.K.M.C.W. Savory, DSO* 1490:13th (Service) Bn (4th Hull): 1476:12th (Service) Bn (3rd Hull): 1453:Lt-Col J.B.O. Trimble, DSO, MC 1438:11th (Service) Bn (2nd Hull): 1388:10th (Service) Bn (1st Hull): 427:employee, was commissioned as 1: 1313:. German rearguards held the 1096:holding the captured line on 642:, a Regular officer from the 3326:, London: Bloomsbury, 2014, 3268:, London: Leo Cooper, 1997, 3032:Oppy Wood at Woodland Trust. 2637:Passchendaele in Perspective 1360:and engaged in road repair. 701:(the Local Reserve unit for 646:who had been wounded at the 339:(DSO) from service with the 44:29 August 1914 – 26 May 1919 2508:Horsfall & Cave, p. 71. 2133:, pp. 41–7 and Appendix 19. 1965:Horsfall & Cave, p. 55. 1590:Winchester repeating rifles 1577:Victoria Barracks, Beverley 1465:Lt-Col S.H. Ferrad, DSO, MC 779:British Expeditionary Force 630:where the brigade received 337:Distinguished Service Order 3426: 3291:, London: Heinemann, 1922. 2212:Becke, Pt 3b, Appendix 1b. 1482:Lt-Col C.G. Wellesley, OBE 283:Earl Kitchener of Khartoum 276:Secretary of State for War 122:Hull Commercials (10th Bn) 3259:British Regiments 1914–18 1603:South Lancashire Regiment 824:for the rest of the war. 404:' chemical works and the 376:officer (3rd Battalion, ( 28: 3116:100th Edn, London, 1953. 2221:Middlebrook, Appendix I. 2120:Becke, Pt 3b, pp. 11–19. 1502:Lt-Col C.C.H. Twiss, DSO 1471:Lt-Col D.D. Anderson, MC 1468:Lt-Col C.H. Gurney, DSO* 1394:Lt-Col A.J. Richardson, 1132:East Lancashire Regiment 1120:17th (Northern) Division 1116:11th (Northern) Division 1004:Oppy Wood, 1917. Evening 949:Pte John Cunningham, VC. 856:252nd Tunnelling Company 756:. By May 1918 it was at 703:Sheffield City Battalion 695:90th Training Reserve Bn 682:when it split off a new 660:14th (Reserve) Bn (Hull) 644:Gloucestershire Regiment 560:Sheffield City Battalion 362:Royal Garrison Artillery 341:City Imperial Volunteers 231:on the first day of the 223:in 1914. They served in 126:Hull Sportsmen (12th Bn) 124:Hull Tradesmen (11th Bn) 3410:East Yorkshire Regiment 3350:28 January 2018 at the 2998:, Appendices 14 and 22. 2681:Becke, Pt 3b, pp. 74–6. 1493:Lt-Col J.L. Stanley, VD 1485:Lt-Col C.H Gurney, DSO* 1447:Lt-Col B. St Clair–Ford 1427:Lt-Col E.H. Rigg, DSO** 1338:Motor Machine Gun Corps 1148:German spring offensive 1090:Battle of Passchendaele 895:first day of the Battle 718:264th (Infantry) Bn, TR 333:East Yorkshire Regiment 241:German spring offensive 217:East Yorkshire Regiment 175:German spring offensive 3264:Peter H. Liddle (ed), 1704:Middlebrook, pp. 9–11. 1346:Armistice with Germany 1085: 1077: 1076:Oppy Wood from the air 1061: 1045: 1010: 980:Royal Norfolk Regiment 950: 929: 885: 834:36th (Ulster) Division 693:(TR): 14th became the 648:Second Battle of Ypres 416: 400:, such as groups from 263: 245:Hundred Days Offensive 179:Hundred Days Offensive 3009:Hull in the Great War 2983:Hull in the Great War 2158:Hull in the Great War 2071:Hull in the Great War 2045:Hull in the Great War 1915:Hull in the Great War 1671:Hull in the Great War 1462:Lt-Col F. Hardman, MC 1441:Lt-Col J.L. Stanley, 1421:Lt-Col C.C. Stapledon 1411:Lt-Col W.B. Pearson, 1273:Fifth Battle of Ypres 1205:While resting in the 1179:The brigade defended 1083: 1075: 1051: 1043: 1002: 948: 923: 876: 800:The division reached 658:In August 1915 a new 414: 406:North Eastern Railway 358:Royal Field Artillery 258: 3369:The Long, Long Trail 3279:Martin Middlebrook, 2831:Jackson, pp. 187–94. 2822:Farndale, pp. 283–4. 2791:Jackson, pp. 179–86. 2703:Jackson, pp. 169–70. 2464:Jackson, pp. 99-114. 2331:James, Appendix III. 1802:Becke, Pt 3a, p. 21. 1430:Lt-Col R.C. Hewson, 1374:Hull Paragon Station 1124:West Riding Regiment 1067:Capture of Oppy Wood 672:21st Reserve Brigade 171:Capture of Oppy Wood 148:Capture of Oppy Wood 2959:Jackson, pp. 205–6. 2915:Jackson, pp. 203–4. 2884:Jackson, pp. 200–2. 2853:Jackson, pp. 195–8. 2769:Jackson, pp. 171–4. 2661:Griffith, pp. 77–9. 2613:Jackson, pp. 146–7. 2499:, Vol I, pp. 448–9. 2446:, Vol I, pp. 441–8. 2420:Middlebrook, p. 92. 2173:, 10 November 1914. 2007:Middlebrook, p. 10. 1424:Lt-Col T.A. Headlam 1380:Commanding Officers 1169:Courcelles-le-Comte 1161:Manchester Regiment 955:Battle of the Ancre 868:Battle of the Somme 864:Hawthorn Ridge mine 760:and transferred to 742:51st (Graduated) Bn 319:On 29 August 1914, 233:Battle of the Somme 163:Battle of the Ancre 159:Battle of the Somme 3206:J.B.M. Frederick, 3098:Gregory Blaxland, 2595:on 28 January 2018 1947:Frederick, p. 182. 1714:O’Neill, pp. 9–10. 1695:Jackson, pp. 14–7. 1651:, Vol II, pp. 1-4. 1496:Lt-Col R.H. Dewing 1253:Division captured 1211:Battles of the Lys 1102:Arleux-en-Gohelles 1086: 1078: 1062: 1046: 1011: 951: 930: 886: 550:(two battalions), 436:Lieutenant-Colonel 417: 325:Kingston upon Hull 296:(WO), General Sir 264: 128:T'others (13th Bn) 113:Kingston upon Hull 3257:Brig E.A. James, 3252:978-1-84884-469-8 3129:978-1-908336-56-9 3093:978-1-78346-185-1 3078:978-1-47382-314-3 2813:Blaxland, p. 149. 1765:, 'Nunburnholme'. 1456:Maj J. Shaw, MC, 1017:sector where the 965:of 12th Bn won a 684:15th (Reserve) Bn 612:Beverley Westwood 512:Bantam battalions 354:Territorial Force 347:. In 1914 he was 243:and in the final 206: 205: 3417: 3339:External sources 3332:978-1-40819336-5 3242:Andrew Jackson, 3213:Paddy Griffith, 3136:James E. Edmonds 3034: 3029: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3005: 2999: 2992: 2986: 2979: 2973: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2898: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2845: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2754: 2748: 2747:Jackson, p. 171. 2745: 2739: 2732: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2646: 2640: 2633: 2627: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2591:. Archived from 2585: 2579: 2572: 2566: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2537: 2531: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2493: 2487: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2405: 2399: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2341: 2332: 2329: 2318: 2311: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2284: 2278: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2245: 2236: 2231: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2201: 2194: 2188: 2181: 2175: 2167: 2161: 2154: 2148: 2147:Drake, pp. 54–6. 2145: 2134: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2087: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2061: 2054: 2048: 2041: 2028: 2021: 2008: 2005: 1992: 1989: 1966: 1963: 1948: 1945: 1918: 1911: 1905: 1898: 1892: 1887: 1874: 1869: 1856: 1849: 1832: 1825: 1812: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1781:Drake, pp. 44–7. 1779: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1722: 1716: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1680: 1674: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1652: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1620: 1612: 1606: 1599: 1593: 1586: 1580: 1573: 1479:Lt-Col H.R.Pease 1450:Lt-Col H.R.Pease 1277:Ploegsteert Wood 1266:Ploegsteert Wood 1186:Sir Douglas Haig 1142:Spring Offensive 1027:creeping barrage 769:on 28 February. 691:Training Reserve 540:Northern England 532:Long Lee-Enfield 508:Honorary Colonel 506:, was appointed 493:prisoners of war 425:Hull Corporation 402:Reckitt and Sons 390:Wenlock Barracks 221:Kitchener's Army 73: 58: 57: 33: 21: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3390:Pals battalions 3380: 3379: 3378: 3352:Wayback Machine 3341: 3189:Martin Farndale 3053:Maj A.F. Becke, 3046:Maj A.F. Becke, 3042: 3037: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3015: 3006: 3002: 2993: 2989: 2980: 2976: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2643: 2634: 2630: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2538: 2534: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2393: 2389: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2335: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2281: 2272: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2246: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2204: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2164: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2137: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2090: 2081: 2077: 2068: 2064: 2060:, pp. 37–9, 42. 2055: 2051: 2042: 2031: 2022: 2011: 2006: 1995: 1990: 1969: 1964: 1951: 1946: 1921: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1877: 1870: 1859: 1850: 1835: 1826: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1712: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1664: 1660:Jackson, p. 13. 1659: 1655: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1613: 1609: 1600: 1596: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1548: 1533: 1511: 1391:Maj W.H. Carver 1382: 1354: 1293: 1268: 1250: 1241: 1203: 1177: 1144: 1111: 1019:Battle of Arras 997: 992: 984:Hindenburg Line 963:John Cunningham 943: 928:, 28 June 1916. 891: 884:, 28 June 1916. 860:Royal Engineers 830: 775: 656: 636:Salisbury Plain 544:Accrington Pals 484: 476:Special Reserve 447:England cricket 443:Stanley Jackson 415:Hull City Hall. 385:Hull Daily Mail 370:11th (1st Hull) 366:Royal Engineers 352:their existing 345:Second Boer War 327:, was a former 306:Royal Fusiliers 298:Henry Rawlinson 287:Pals battalions 253: 209: 191: 177: 173: 169: 167:Battle of Arras 165: 161: 127: 125: 123: 52: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3423: 3421: 3413: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3363:London Gazette 3359: 3354: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287:H.C. O’Neill, 3284: 3277: 3262: 3255: 3240: 3226: 3211: 3204: 3185: 3166: 3151: 3132: 3119:Rupert Drake, 3117: 3111: 3096: 3083:David Bilton, 3081: 3068:David Bilton, 3066: 3051: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3024: 3013: 3000: 2987: 2974: 2961: 2952: 2939: 2930: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2886: 2877: 2868: 2855: 2846: 2833: 2824: 2815: 2806: 2793: 2784: 2771: 2762: 2749: 2740: 2727: 2716: 2705: 2696: 2683: 2674: 2663: 2654: 2652:, pp. 198–208. 2641: 2628: 2615: 2606: 2580: 2567: 2554: 2545: 2532: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2488: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2435: 2422: 2413: 2400: 2387: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2347: 2333: 2319: 2317:, Appendix 25. 2301: 2292: 2279: 2266: 2253: 2237: 2223: 2214: 2202: 2189: 2176: 2171:London Gazette 2162: 2149: 2135: 2122: 2088: 2075: 2062: 2049: 2029: 2009: 1993: 1967: 1949: 1919: 1906: 1893: 1875: 1857: 1855:, Appendix 17. 1833: 1813: 1804: 1795: 1783: 1767: 1755: 1742: 1730: 1717: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1675: 1662: 1653: 1640: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1607: 1594: 1581: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1547: 1544: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1409: 1398: 1392: 1381: 1378: 1362:Demobilisation 1353: 1350: 1292: 1289: 1287:on 3 October. 1267: 1264: 1249: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1230:and a line at 1202: 1199: 1176: 1173: 1143: 1140: 1110: 1107: 1094:Canadian Corps 1032:2nd Lieutenant 996: 993: 991: 988: 967:Victoria Cross 942: 939: 890: 887: 862:, digging the 838:Beaumont-Hamel 829: 826: 774: 771: 680:Seaton Delaval 676:Clipstone Camp 662:was formed at 655: 652: 606:Camp, 12th at 581: 580: 577: 574: 571: 498:Field Marshal 483: 480: 462:Market Place. 421:Hull City Hall 302:City of London 252: 249: 207: 204: 203: 193: 187: 186: 182: 181: 156: 152: 151: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 67: 63: 62: 60:United Kingdom 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3422: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3274:0-85052-552-7 3271: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3238:0-85052-508-X 3235: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3223:0-300-05910-8 3220: 3216: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3202: 3201:1-870114-00-0 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3182:1-870423-06-2 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3163:0-946998-02-7 3160: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3148:1-870423-55-0 3145: 3141: 3137: 3134:Brig-Gen Sir 3133: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108:0-352-30833-8 3105: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3063:1-847347-41-X 3060: 3056: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3001: 2997: 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2426: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2411:, pp. 102–29. 2410: 2404: 2401: 2398:, pp. 69–102. 2397: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2372:James, p. 92. 2369: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2153: 2150: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1991:James, p. 59. 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1882: 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Index