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shuts off the access to the seed ports whenever a heavy weight is detected (as most squirrels are heavier than birds). Birds can still feed as they weigh less and the ports remain open under their weight. Other seed feeders are designed to be mounted on poles as it is believed that squirrels reach seed feeders more easily from trees than from poles. The simplest type of squirrel proof feeder is a tube-like feeder surrounded by a metal cage. These feeders also offer protection from larger and more aggressive birds. Tube seed feeders are primarily made of clear plastic tubes with plastic or metal caps, bases and perches. Hopper bird feeders look like a house and attract a wide range of birds such as finches, cardinals, blue jays, sparrows and titmice.
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489:. There are various anti-squirrel techniques and devices available to thwart attempts by squirrels to raid bird feeders. Several manufacturers produce feeders with perches that collapse under the weight of anything heavier than a bird, or that use battery power to shock an intruder lightly or spin the perching area to fling it off. Caged feeders are often designed so that squirrels cannot reach the seed inside, but birds can easily fly through the cage's holes. A UK company, The Nuttery, held the original patent on this cage-within-a-cage design. Caged feeders are best to keep out gray squirrels.
31:
158:. Black oil sunflower seeds are especially popular with bird enthusiasts. The outer shell of the black oil sunflower seeds are thinner and easier to crack than other types of sunflower seeds. In addition, the kernel is larger than the striped or white sunflower seeds. Black oil sunflower seeds also contain a large amount of fat; therefore they are especially good to use in the winter. Most bird feeders are designed to dispense sunflower-sized foods, but there are specialty "finch feeders" with smaller openings to dispense the tiny
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257:. After the cap is replaced, the body of the nectar reservoir can be pulled up. This type of bird feeder has the advantage that the feeder does not need to be turned upside down to be refilled and which results in less nectar wasted by spilling. The traditional top-fill hummingbird feeders are one of the most popular types. There is also a plunger type of top-filling hummingbird feeder which comes with a small plunger in the container that creates the
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584:. In this article, Rogers explains how the use of bird feeders is inherently fraught with negative impacts and risks such as fostering dependency, altering natural distribution, density, and migration patterns, interfering with ecological processes, causing malnutrition, facilitating the spread of disease, and increasing the risk of death from cats, pesticides, hitting windows, and other causes.
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333:. Most of the early commercial hummingbird feeders used bottles or vials full of sugar water that was dispensed via various imitation flower designs, as had their noncommercial antecedents. Prominent examples of hummingbird feeders sold between the 1930s and 1950s were those designed and built by H. R. Davis, Robert Morgan, Winthrop Packard, and the Tucker Sanctuary.
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flowers. Inspired at least partially by Bodine's work, Edith
Webster similarly experimented with feeders and herself tasted nectar from various flowers to better replicate the sweetness level preferred by hummingbirds for her sugar water solution, arriving at two parts water to one part sugar as the
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for more details. Ants and other insects are also attracted to hummingbird nectar. Smearing petroleum jelly on the stem or cap of the feeder (away from the perch or flower part where the bird may come into contact with it) may prevent the ants from crawling to the feeder. When placing a hummingbird
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by gathering at feeders; poorly maintained feeding and watering stations may also cause illness. Birds at feeders risk predation by cats and other animals, or may incur injury by flying into windows. Steps should be taken to reduce the risks to birds, such as: regular disinfecting of feeders and
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Since the start of commercialization, hummingbird feeders have largely evolved into designs of two distinct types: "vacuums", which are inverted cylinders with feeding ports at the bottom, and "saucers", which resemble two bowls or dishes fixed together in a top-to-bottom orientation, with feeding
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Tucker subsequently developed early automatic hummingbird feeders, which were partially adapted from drinking apparatuses used for farm-raised chickens and featured spherical containers at the top with narrow necks leading down to a perching area that could feed eight hummingbirds simultaneously.
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The bottom-fill hummingbird feeders include a traditional bottom-fill feeder and several variations of it. The traditional ones are filled from an opening at the bottom of the nectar container but many manufacturers have come up with improved variations of the traditional style of feeder, to make
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Seed feeders are mainly squirrel proof, tube-like or hopper. Due to the need of keeping squirrels away from the bird food, manufacturers have created different defense mechanisms that may deter squirrels from getting close to the seed. Some seed feeders come with weight sensitive technology which
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Hummingbird top-fill feeders are popular among bird lovers because they are easy to fill and clean and also because they do not need to be turned upright which means that there are less chances that the nectar is spilled. The sports bottle top-fill hummingbird feeders have the design of a sports
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The placement of a bird feeder can also prevent squirrels from accessing the seed. In addition, baffles can be used that prevent squirrels from gaining their footing above feeders. Below feeders, baffles can prevent squirrels from climbing any further; however, squirrels are very agile and
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can attract as many birds as a feeder but it must be safe from cats, kept clean, and refreshed frequently with clean water to avoid mosquitoes. The birdbath should be placed where a frightened bird can fly up easily to an overhanging limb or resting place if disturbed or attacked.
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watering stations, ensuring feed has not become moldy or rancid, and proper positioning of feeders to reduce crowding and window collisions. Birds are less likely to fly into windows that have a wooden lattice. Collisions with windows can also be reduced by using window decals.
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Hummingbird feeders usually have red accents or red glass to help attract hummingbirds. The sugar mixture is sometimes colored with red food coloring to attract birds, though this is not necessary if the feeder itself is red, and may actually be harmful to the birds.
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from 1907 to 1913 revealed that hummingbirds preferred to drink sugar water from plain bottles instead of imitation flowers. Between 1927 and 1929, Benjamin Tucker and
Dorothy May fed hummingbirds with cocktail glasses covered with tin or wood hole-containing tops.
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Providing a varied array of tastes and feeding venues will result in less competition for food and dining spots for birds, just as well-planned and maintained gardens provide many plants which supply different types of seeds and nectars. A shallow
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Birds housed in wired or glass cages can be fed with electronic bird feeders. The electronic bird feeders are capable of storing bird food for days and even weeks, depending on the feeder type and automatically replenish the dish once it is empty.
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feeding birds easier and with less nectar wasted. Some bottom-fill feeders come with a funnel-like opening at the bottom of the container, through which the feeder is filled. Other bottom-filled hummingbird feeders can be attached to one's
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feeder, the feeder is best suited 15 to 20 feet from windows; 10 to 15 feet from the nearest cover, like shrubs or bushes; and in an open area that receives partial sun, so that hummingbirds can move from nectar source to nectar source.
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134:
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429:, and many other species of insect eaters. Suet logs are also very common. These wooden logs have holes drilled out for suet to be inserted. Suet is high in fat which helps to keep birds warm and nourished during the cold winter.
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Seed feeders are the most common type of feeders. They can vary in design from tubes to hoppers and trays. Sunflower seeds or mixed seeds are popular for use in these feeders and will attract many songbirds such as cardinals,
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optimal ratio. Webster's husband, Lawrence, created cylindrical hummingbird feeders made of clear glass with two red-colored glass feeding ports at the base, and while none were sold, he made dozens for the
Websters' garden.
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magazine about feeding a hummingbird that had flown into his classroom by adding drops of honey to flowers. The following year, Carolyn B. Soule successfully fed hummingbirds with an experiment involving a colored paper
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bottle, with a mechanism that works similarly to such a bottle. With this type of feeder, one has to push down the plastic container in order to close the nectar reservoir and then to unscrew the cap and pour the
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ports on the top side. Droll
Yankees marketed one of the first prominent saucer-type feeders, the LF ("Little Feeder"), while numerous small companies sold vacuum-type feeders into the 1970s.
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can usually enter caged feeders. Hot pepper in bird seed and suet has also been shown to be effective against squirrels without harming birds, as birds are not sensitive to
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tend to grow in hummingbird feeders and spoil the solution, so they must be refreshed frequently and kept very clean to avoid harm to the birds. See the article on
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successfully experimented with feeding hummingbirds using two-inch-long bottles made of brightly colored materials and filled with sugar water that she left among
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73:). The success of a bird feeder in attracting birds depends upon its placement and the kinds of foods offered, as different species have different preferences.
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solution. The solution is normally 4 parts water to 1 part white sugar. Only pure refined white cane or beet sugar should be used, according to experts:
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The use of bird feeders has been claimed to cause many other environmental problems; some of these were highlighted in a 2002 front-page article in
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can dominate the use of the feeder. As a result, the house sparrow population can become inflated locally where feeders are used. In
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379:, which are designed to attract the orioles. Oriole feeders should be cleaned at least once a week and even more often when the
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invented a feeder designed to prevent other birds or insects from drinking from it, which he produced and sold locally around
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may also help themselves to the contents of bird feeders, often not merely feeding, but carrying away the food to their
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when the lid is tightened and the nectar will start flowing only when the lid is sealed correctly to the feeding ports.
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This metal bird feeder is designed to be squirrel-proof and bear resistant and cannot be opened while hanging.
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Brown, turbinado, or raw sugar must not be used because they contain levels of iron that could be lethal.
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Fitzgerald, Christopher S.; Curtis, Paul D.; Richmond, Milo E. & Dunn, Joseph A. (August 1995).
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also wrote about the environmental problems associated with the use of bird feeders in the journal
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trained on feeders where birds often congregate, with some even living just near the bird feeder.
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Hadidian, John, Phd, Humane
Society of the United States, Winter 2001, accessed September 3, 2009
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consist of sunflower seeds and wheat or oat flakes mixed with suet, pork fat, or coconut oil.
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Feeding wild birds does carry potential risks. Birds may contract and spread diseases like
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304:, a small glass bottle, and sugar water. Research conducted by self-taught ornithologist
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1013:"Annual Pilgrimage of Mexican Humming Birds Back to Texas Noted, Legion Veteran States"
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and tongue. These orioles and some other birds also will come to fruit foods, such as
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are higher. Oriole feeders also come in top fill, bottom fill and dish-like designs.
1486:
1319:"Bird Feeders May Be Spreading The Salmonellosis That's Killing Thousands Of Finches"
1270:"Effectiveness of Capsaicin as a Repellent to Birdseed Consumption by Gray Squirrels"
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Oriole feeders, which are traditionally colored orange, also supply such artificial
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1147:
Campbell, Scott D. (1989). "Nontypical and Do-It-Yourself Food
Recommendations".
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1188:"Tired of Squirrels Raiding Your Bird Feeders? Here Are Ten Ways to Outwit Them"
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Depending on the feeder design and the type of feed used, species such as the
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Rogers, J. 2002. Birdfeeding: Another viewpoint. Alberta
Naturalist 31: 1-11.
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Hummingbird feeders began appearing for sale in the early 1930s. In 1932,
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Feeding Wild Birds in
America : Culture Commerce & Conservation
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reported the intentional feeding of "sweetened wine" to hummingbirds on
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Baicich, Paul J.; Barker, Margaret A.; Henderson, Carrol L. (2015).
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Honey must not be used, because it promotes dangerous fungal growth.
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Chinese blue-and-white porcelain bird feeder from the reign of the
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acrobatic and often find a way to overcome devices of any nature.
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from available nest sites as well as attack indigenous birds.
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Precursors to hummingbird feeders date at least to 1821, when
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Crying Fowl: Feeding Wild Birds May Harm Them and
Environment
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National
Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995
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on a peg. Hummingbirds will also feed from Oriole feeders.
993:" (June 21, 1940). W. R. Sullivan Papers. Austin, Texas:
846:"Infographic On How To Attract Hummingbirds To Your Yard"
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Hummingbird feeders, rather than dispensing seed, supply
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Oriole feeders usually have nectar containers made of
162:(Niger seed), which is a favorite of smaller finches.
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548:, competition from house sparrows can exclude the
124:"Seed feeder" redirects here. For the artist, see
816:"Turn Your Yard Into A Hummingbird Spectacular"
786:"Feeder Solution Evolution Part I: The basics"
524:perched on a cane that supports a bird feeder.
1387:The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
8:
875:"Sports Bottle Top Fill Hummingbird Feeders"
223:The nectar should be changed every 3–5 days.
1122:"Traditional Top Fill Hummingbird Feeders"
901:"Traditional Top Fill Hummingbird Feeders"
1403:, Wall Street Journal, December 27, 2002.
1151:Easy-to-make Bird Feeders for Woodworkers
995:Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
413:coating that contains a cake or block of
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61:is a device placed outdoors to supply
1232:Laura Ramirez. Retrieved July 9, 2015
1217:"How to Squirrel Proof a Bird Feeder"
7:
1280:from the original on 5 November 2012
1089:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
1077:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
1065:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
1053:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
991:W. R. Sullivan letter to John Imirie
977:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
962:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
950:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
938:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
926:Baicich, Barker & Henderson 2015
796:from the original on 12 October 2016
706:Top 10 Foods for Winter Bird Feeding
269:to provide a close-up of the birds.
1414:"Living Bird Magazine Latest Issue"
907:from the original on March 16, 2016
881:from the original on March 16, 2016
145:eating peanuts from a garden feeder
1329:from the original on 16 April 2021
1128:from the original on April 5, 2016
1023:from the original on July 28, 2021
25:
826:from the original on 20 June 2016
766:from the original on 12 June 2016
353:, which have an unusually shaped
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567:Prior to the publication of the
544:, where the house sparrow is an
103:Bird feeders often are used for
1249:from the original on 1 May 2014
1243:"Caged wild bird feeder design"
1223:from the original on 2015-07-10
1198:from the original on 2017-05-12
856:from the original on 2015-01-22
686:from the original on 2017-08-08
1461:Texas A&M University Press
726:"Please, use only white sugar"
273:History of hummingbird feeders
27:Device to supply food to birds
1:
999:University of Texas at Austin
402:A suet feeder is typically a
1389:. Retrieved on May 25, 2008
1363:. retrieved on May 25, 2008
1299:A Squirrel-Proof Bird Feeder
676:"Which Bird Seeds Are Best?"
790:Field Guide to Hummingbirds
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1459:. College Station, Texas:
409:-like construction with a
349:and are designed to serve
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76:Most bird feeders supply
1304:August 19, 2009, at the
653:Sustainable landscaping
633:Do not feed the animals
561:The Wall Street Journal
478:eating from bird feeder
313:Also during the 1920s,
285:in Louisiana. In 1899,
98:rapeseed or canola seed
45:Bird feeder in a garden
1017:Kerrville Mountain Sun
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194:feeder with red nectar
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100:to seed-eating birds.
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1175:Suet cake -wikipedia.
756:"Hummingbird Feeders"
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107:and many people keep
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703:Thompson, Bill III.
623:Conservation ecology
522:Eurasian sparrowhawk
235:hovering by a feeder
1349:Bird Feeding Basics
643:Natural landscaping
569:Wall Street Journal
182:Hummingbird feeders
160:Guizotia abyssinica
88:(oil and striped),
1381:2009-11-26 at the
1355:2007-11-21 at the
1157:Dover Publications
1107:2016-03-03 at the
1102:Attracting Orioles
1055:, p. 172–173.
1019:. April 20, 1939.
952:, p. 170–171.
792:. 6 October 2010.
736:on 12 October 2016
711:2012-06-18 at the
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581:Alberta Naturalist
571:article, Canadian
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315:Margaret L. Bodine
279:John James Audubon
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37:eating at a feeder
18:Hummingbird feeder
1508:Organic gardening
1399:Sterba, James B.
1325:. 19 March 2021.
1170:978-0-486-25847-8
989:Sullivan, W. R. "
351:New World orioles
283:Oakley Plantation
209:in the form of a
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546:invasive species
512:Negative impacts
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331:Kerrville, Texas
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115:Types of feeders
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1503:Birdwatching
1493:Bird feeding
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1426:. Retrieved
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608:Bird feeding
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381:temperatures
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233:hummingbirds
207:hummingbirds
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120:Seed feeders
105:birdwatching
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71:bird feeding
58:
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1418:cornell.edu
1159:. pp.
820:audubon.org
449:(1425–1435)
419:woodpeckers
259:vacuum seal
203:nourishment
192:hummingbird
59:tray feeder
1487:Categories
1428:2012-01-25
1253:25 January
1227:2015-07-09
1202:2010-08-20
860:2015-01-22
690:2010-08-20
662:References
550:indigenous
431:Suet cakes
427:nuthatches
289:professor
156:chickadees
126:Seedfeeder
94:nyjer seed
55:bird table
51:birdfeeder
1001:. 85-168.
730:Gardenweb
613:Bird food
603:Bird bath
553:bluebirds
502:oleoresin
499:capsaicin
491:Chipmunks
483:Squirrels
467:Squirrels
460:bird bath
296:Bird-Lore
293:wrote in
173:dispenser
171:bird-seed
169:An empty
90:safflower
86:sunflower
63:bird food
1379:Archived
1353:Archived
1333:16 April
1327:Archived
1302:Archived
1278:Archived
1247:Archived
1221:Archived
1196:Archived
1126:Archived
1105:Archived
1027:July 27,
1021:Archived
905:Archived
879:Archived
854:Archived
824:Archived
794:Archived
764:Archived
709:Archived
684:Archived
588:See also
476:Squirrel
423:flickers
417:to feed
396:Bushtits
319:clematis
143:blue tit
35:Blue jay
1449:Sources
1323:NPR.org
1284:5 March
1192:nwf.org
1132:May 19,
911:May 19,
885:May 19,
830:12 June
800:12 June
770:12 June
740:12 June
680:nwf.org
411:plastic
377:plastic
152:finches
109:webcams
1467:
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628:Manger
366:orange
347:nectar
267:window
255:nectar
242:Yeasts
200:liquid
154:, and
96:, and
82:millet
1163:-46.
487:hoard
437:Other
404:metal
373:glass
362:jelly
359:grape
211:sugar
78:seeds
67:birds
57:, or
1465:ISBN
1335:2021
1286:2012
1255:2013
1165:ISBN
1134:2010
1029:2021
913:2010
887:2010
832:2016
802:2016
772:2016
742:2016
493:and
415:suet
407:cage
355:beak
231:Two
375:or
205:to
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