807:
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Valeria; Granja, Vanessa; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Barquera, Rodrigo; Everardo-MartĂnez, Paola; Sánchez-Quinto, Mirsha; GĂłmez-ValdĂ©s, Jorge; Villamil-RamĂrez, Hugo; Cerqueira, Caio C. Silva de; HĂĽnemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Liu, Fan; Weinberg, Seth M.; Shaffer, John R.; Stergiakouli, Evie; Howe, Laurence J.; Hysi, Pirro G.; Spector, Timothy D.; Gonzalez-JosĂ©, Rolando; SchĂĽler-Faccini, Lavinia; Bortolini, Maria-Cátira; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Gallo, Carla; Poletti, Giovanni; Bedoya, Gabriel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Thauvin-Robinet, Christel; Faivre, Laurence; Costedoat, Caroline; Balding, David; Cox, Timothy; Kayser, Manfred; Duplomb, Laurence; Yalcin, Binnaz; Cotney, Justin; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Ruiz-Linares, AndrĂ©s (1 February 2021).
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Richard III's hair and eye color. " wanted something physical to see, and that's what spurred me to move toward the quantitative so strongly. Because I could always say to someone, 'blue' or 'blonde,' and they would say, 'I need to see this physically.' So that is what I'm working on now. I want to produce that result." Walsh has gathered DNA phenotype data from 2,000 Irish, Greek and U.S. individuals and is currently collecting data from 3,000 additional individuals from those same countries in order to create a phenotype-genotype database and prediction model. For forensic purposes, she would like to be able to start with a "blank person" and with a sample of DNA, determine the actual eye, hair and skin pigmentation.
822:
872:, consciously or unconsciously. A frown denotes disapproval; a smile usually means someone is pleased. Being able to read emotion in another's face is "the fundamental basis for empathy and the ability to interpret a person's reactions and predict the probability of ensuing behaviors". One study used the Multimodal Emotion Recognition Test to attempt to determine how to measure emotion. This research aimed at using a measuring device to accomplish what many people do every day: read emotion in a face.
940:
evolution as the natural result of being a social species. Allen suggests that the purpose of recognizing faces has its roots in the "parent-infant attraction, a quick and low-effort means by which parents and infants form an internal representation of each other, reducing the likelihood that the parent will abandon his or her offspring because of recognition failure". Allen's work takes a psychological perspective that combines evolutionary theories with
Gestalt psychology.
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Based on Walsh's phenotype analysis, King determined that one of the earliest paintings of
Richard III, the 1510 "Arched Framed Portrait," best matched the genetic information. "We were still dealing with categories because we're not at the quantitative level yet," Walsh said of her determination of
2081:
Bonfante, Betty; Faux, Pierre; Navarro, Nicolas; Mendoza-Revilla, Javier; Dubied, Morgane; Montillot, Charlotte; Wentworth, Emma; Poloni, Lauriane; Varón-González, Ceferino; Jones, Philip; Xiong, Ziyi; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena; Palmal, Sagnik; Chacón-Duque, Juan Camilo; Hurtado, Malena; Villegas,
960:
and social people. A study confirmed that "when viewing images of strangers, shy adults exhibited significantly less activation in the fusiform gyri than did social adults". Furthermore, particular areas respond more to a face that is considered attractive, as seen in another study: "Facial beauty
898:
People are also relatively good at determining if a smile is real or fake. A recent study looked at individuals judging forced and genuine smiles. While young and elderly participants equally could tell the difference for smiling young people, the "older adult participants outperformed young adult
2175:
Joshi, Ricky S.; Rigau, Maria; GarcĂa-Prieto, Carlos A.; Moura, Manuel Castro de; Piñeyro, David; Moran, Sebastian; Davalos, Veronica; CarriĂłn, Pablo; Ferrando-Bernal, Manuel; Olalde, Iñigo; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Navarro, Arcadi; Fernández-Tena, Carles; Aspandi, Decky; Sukno, Federico M.; Binefa,
939:
theorize that a face is not merely a set of facial features, but is rather something meaningful in its form. This is consistent with the
Gestalt theory that an image is seen in its entirety, not by its individual parts. According to Gary L. Allen, people adapted to respond more to faces during
1194:
Gunn, David A.; Rexbye, Helle; Griffiths, Christopher E. M.; Murray, Peter G.; Fereday, Amelia; Catt, Sharon D.; Tomlin, Cyrena C.; Strongitharm, Barbara H.; Perrett, Dave I.; Catt, Michael; Mayes, Andrew E.; Messenger, Andrew G.; Green, Martin R.; Ouderaa, Frans van der; Vaupel, James W.;
1515:
Mekić, Selma; Jacobs, Leonie C.; Hamer, Merel A.; Ikram, M. Arfan; Schoufour, Josje D.; Gunn, David A.; Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C.; Nijsten, Tamar (1 May 2019). "A healthy diet in women is associated with less facial wrinkles in a large Dutch population-based cohort".
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Studies have identified genes and gene regions determining face shape and differences in various facial features. A 2021 study found that a version of a gene associated with lip thickness – possibly selected for due to adaption to cold climate via fat distribution –
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evokes a widely distributed neural network involving perceptual, decision-making and reward circuits. In those experiments, the perceptual response across FFA and LOC remained present even when subjects were not attending explicitly to facial beauty".
1958:
Crouch, Daniel J. M.; Winney, Bruce; Koppen, Willem P.; Christmas, William J.; Hutnik, Katarzyna; Day, Tammy; Meena, Devendra; Boumertit, Abdelhamid; Hysi, Pirro; Nessa, Ayrun; Spector, Tim D.; Kittler, Josef; Bodmer, Walter F. (23 January 2018).
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to refer to reputation or standing in society, particularly
Chinese society, and is spoken of as a resource which can be won or lost. Because of the association with individuality, the anonymous person is sometimes referred to as "faceless".
1644:
Zouboulis, Christos C.; Ganceviciene, Ruta; Liakou, Aikaterini I.; Theodoridis, Athanasios; Elewa, Rana; Makrantonaki, Eugenia (1 July 2019). "Aesthetic aspects of skin aging, prevention, and local treatment".
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Beaton, E. A., Schmidt, L. A., Schulkin, J., Antony, M. M., Swinson, R. P. & Hall, G. B. (2009). "Different fusiform activity to stranger and personally familiar faces in shy and social adults".
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participants in distinguishing between posed and spontaneous smiles". This suggests that with experience and age, we become more accurate at perceiving true emotions across various age groups.
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The muscles of the face play a prominent role in the expression of emotion, and vary among different individuals, giving rise to additional diversity in expression and facial features.
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often exaggerate facial features to make a face more easily recognized in association with a pronounced portion of the face of the individual in question—for example, a caricature of
1766:
MarcĂlio Cândido, Thalita; Bueno Ariede, MaĂra; Vieira Lima, Fabiana; de Souza Guedes, Luciana; Robles
Velasco, Maria Valéria; Rolim Baby, André; Rosado, Catarina (16 March 2022).
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677:(such as harmful substances of the general environment, workplace and cosmetics), psychological factors, and behavior (such as smoking, sleep, physical activity and
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207:
470:, it may be impossible to recognize faces even of intimate family members. The pattern of specific organs, such as the eyes, or of parts of them, is used in
2562:
Allen, Gary L.; Peterson, Mary A.; Rhodes, Gillian (2006). "Review: Seeking a Common
Gestalt Approach to the Perception of Faces, Objects, and Scenes".
735:(and related products and procedures) that in some cases affect underlying biology and are partly applied preventively. Facial traits are also used in
914:
2384:
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Gartstein, Vladimir; Shaya, Steven A. (12 June 1986). Dwyer Iii, Samuel J; Schneider, Roger H (eds.). "Image
Analysis Of Facial Skin Features".
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By extension, anything which is the forward or world-facing part of a system which has internal structure is considered its "face", like the
183:
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Arbab-Zavar, Banafshe; Wei, Xingjie; Bustard, John D.; Nixon, Mark S.; Li, Chang-Tsun (18 December 2015). "On
Forensic Use of Biometrics".
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2084:"A GWAS in Latin Americans identifies novel face shape loci, implicating VPS13B and a Denisovan introgressed region in facial variation"
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1942:
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Lupu, Mihaela-Adi; Gradisteanu
Pircalabioru, Gratiela; Chifiriuc, Mariana-Carmen; Albulescu, Radu; Tanase, Cristiana (1 July 2020).
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might enlarge his lips. Exaggeration of memorable features helps people to recognize others when presented in a caricature form.
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202:
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590:. While the buccal fat-pads often diminish in size, the prominence of bones increase with age as they grow and develop.
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Chatterjee, A.; Thomas, A.; Smith, S. E. & Aguirre, G. K. (2009). "The neural response to facial attractiveness".
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2434:"Emotion recognition from expressions in face, voice, and body: The Multimodal Emotion Recognition Test (MERT)"
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can be used to alter the appearance of the facial features. Maxillofacial surgery may also be used in cases of
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might be called the "face" of the organization he or she represents. "Face" is also used metaphorically in a
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1417:. Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems.
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The desire of many to look young for their age and/or attractive has led to the establishment of a large
2634:
2327:"Knowledge Discovery in Biological Databases for Revealing Candidate Genes Linked to Complex Phenotypes"
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are a major factor in the particular appearance of a person's face with the high similarity of faces of
374:
31:
2237:"A genome-wide association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation"
1353:"Development of a Global Subjective Skin Aging Assessment score from the perspective of dermatologists"
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Krutmann, Jean; Bouloc, Anne; Sore, Gabrielle; Bernard, Bruno A.; Passeron, Thierry (1 March 2017).
981:, injury to the face and skin diseases. Severely disfigured individuals have recently received full
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1275:"Influence of skin ageing features on Chinese women's perception of facial age and attractiveness"
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Visible variable features of the face other than shapes and proportions include color (paleness,
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Research has indicated that certain areas of the brain respond particularly well to faces. The
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2008:
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1768:"Dietary Supplements and the Skin: Focus on Photoprotection and Antioxidant Activity—A Review"
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1703:"Beneficial effects of food supplements based on hydrolyzed collagen for skin care (Review)"
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255:, and damage such as scarring or developmental deformities may affect the psyche adversely.
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that is applied on top of the skin (topically) to temporarily change appearance but it or
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2178:"Look-alike humans identified by facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities"
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is called the face. It includes several distinct areas, of which the main features are:
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782:) have genetic similarities, sharing genes affecting not only the face but also some
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Ventrolateral aspect of the human face with skin removed, showing muscles of the face
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Passeron, T.; Krutmann, J.; Andersen, M.L.; Katta, R.; Zouboulis, C.C. (July 2020).
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2385:"Defining a Face: What Can DNA Phenotyping Really Tell Us About An Unknown Sample?"
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Porcheron, A.; Latreille, J.; Jdid, R.; Tschachler, E.; Morizot, F. (August 2014).
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disappear over time, their role in the infant being to stabilize the cheeks during
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1961:"Genetics of the human face: Identification of large-effect single gene variants"
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1107:. United States of America: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 843–980.
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Multimodal
Emotion Recognition Test (MERT) | Swiss Center for Affective Sciences
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2515:"Recognition of posed and spontaneous dynamic smiles in young and older adults"
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Buranasirin, Punnapath; Pongpirul, Krit; Meephansan, Jitlada (28 June 2019).
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2052:"Genes for face shape identified | Scienmag: Latest Science and Health News"
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Adhikari, Kaustubh; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena; et al. (19 May 2016).
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2012:
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Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (Spie) Conference Series
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The muscles of the face are important when engaging in facial expressions.
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Cao, Changwei; Xiao, Zhichao; Wu, Yinglong; Ge, Changrong (March 2020).
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790:. A study identified genes controlling the shape of the nose and chin.
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indicating that most of facial variability is determined genetically.
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2151:"Your Doppelgänger Is Out There and You Probably Share DNA With Them"
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might enlarge his ears to the size of an elephant's; a caricature of
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Reid, D.A.; Samangooei, S.; Chen, C.; Nixon, M.S.; Ross, A. (2013).
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may be used to aggregate and discover associations between facial
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region of the human body and its expression may change when the
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Murphy, N. A.; Lehrfeld, J. M. & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2010).
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Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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and there have been attempts at reproducible quantifications.
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52:
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Anatomie des Menschen: ein Lehrbuch fĂĽr Studierende und Ă„rzte
2176:
Xavier; Valencia, Alfonso; Esteller, Manel (23 August 2022).
1103:
Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2010).
956:, is activated by faces, and it is activated differently for
2741:
Ho, David Yau-fai (January 1976). "On the Concept of Face".
1927:
Handbook of Digital Forensics of Multimedia Data and Devices
1584:"Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin"
1458:"Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition"
2325:
Hassani-Pak, Keywan; Rawlings, Christopher (1 March 2017).
1346:
1344:
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2775:: "The concept of face is, of course, Chinese in origin".
2432:
Bänziger, T.; Grandjean, D. & Scherer, K. R. (2009).
2149:
Golembiewski, Kate; Brunelle, François (23 August 2022).
1166:
Anatomy of the Face and Head Underlying Facial Expression
1000:
might focus on his facial hair and nose; a caricature of
665:). Many of these features can also vary over time due to
535:). The bones involved in shaping the face are mainly the
1696:
1694:
1692:
712:, fibers (such as elastic fibers or elasticity) and the
2711:
Face Transplant Surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital
684:
Mechanisms underlying these include changes related to
77:
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may pronounce his head and chin; and a caricature of
44:"Human face" redirects here. For the miniseries, see
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1156:. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.
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985:and partial transplants of skin and muscle tissue.
574:The face changes over time, and features common in
454:The face is the feature which best distinguishes a
235:is the front of an animal's head that features the
201:
189:
177:
165:
153:
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143:
114:
2422:. Affective-sciences.org. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.
247:, and through which animals express many of their
466:(FFA), enable facial recognition; when these are
27:Part of the body that is at the front of the head
1175:. Face-and-emotion.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.
1129:"Year of Discovery, Faceless and Brainless Fish"
126:Face of a woman (left) and face of a man (right)
1965:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1883:"Soft Biometrics for Surveillance: An Overview"
1518:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2796:
2731:. Edu.dudley.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.
743:health is considered a major factor in human
8:
2639:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
37:"Faces" redirects here. For other uses, see
515:The shape of the face is influenced by the
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696:, production of various proteins (notably
132:
120:
2699:Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery: MedlinePlus
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1279:International Journal of Cosmetic Science
1238:
1220:
1197:"Why Some Women Look Young for Their Age"
778:. Another study found look-alike humans (
100:Learn how and when to remove this message
747:and the perception of health in humans.
344:(or jaw), the extremity of which is the
2701:. Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2011-04-29.
1929:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: 270–304.
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404:is stimulated by any of the many human
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1195:Christensen, Kaare (1 December 2009).
523:, and each face is unique through the
218:
111:
2331:Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics
1707:Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
921:mechanisms of the brain, such as the
7:
1154:Face | Define Face at Dictionary.com
1902:10.1016/b978-0-444-53859-8.00013-8
1659:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.04.002
931:this famous rock formation on Mars
868:Faces are essential to expressing
723:, which is largely concerned with
474:to uniquely identify individuals.
78:improve coverage for other species
25:
2027:"Genes for face shape identified"
1838:Journal of Dermatological Science
637:), skin sagging, discolorations (
597:– is an important determinant of
844:
832:
820:
805:
653:-variabilities, skin blemishes (
498:
486:
251:. The face is crucial for human
57:
2564:American Journal of Psychology
1851:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.09.015
1024:of a building. For example, a
80:and discuss this issue on the
1:
2743:American Journal of Sociology
2722:information about caricatures
2389:National Institute of Justice
555:. Also important are various
458:. Specialized regions of the
2296:"Genes for nose shape found"
2195:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111257
1222:10.1371/journal.pone.0008021
1131:. 2011-12-29. Archived from
615:genetic default pigmentation
527:present in the bones of the
396:The face is itself a highly
283:, bordered laterally by the
812:Human face development, by
571:(of which color may vary).
3257:
2293:University press release:
1530:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.033
906:
903:Perception and recognition
447:
362:, sometimes revealing the
43:
36:
29:
2611:10.1080/17470910902801021
2301:University College London
1935:10.1002/9781118705773.ch7
1834:"The skin aging exposome"
1370:10.1186/s13104-019-4404-z
851:An intersex person's face
774:– into the modern humans
213:
131:
119:
72:excessively human-centric
1105:Moore's clinical anatomy
472:biometric identification
2498:Braus, Hermann (1921).
1986:10.1073/pnas.1708207114
593:Facial shape – such as
2812:Human regional anatomy
2109:10.1126/sciadv.abc6160
1890:Handbook of Statistics
1647:Clinics in Dermatology
944:Biological perspective
933:
895:
770:from ancient humans –
215:Anatomical terminology
39:Faces (disambiguation)
2344:10.1515/jib-2016-0002
2241:Nature Communications
1896:. Elsevier: 327–352.
1719:10.3892/etm.2019.8342
937:Gestalt psychologists
925:, can produce facial
916:
881:
605:Other characteristics
160:facies, facia or fave
32:Face (disambiguation)
2519:Psychology and Aging
1034:sociological context
864:Emotional expression
792:Biological databases
704:), the structure of
633:, facial hair (e.g.
582:, such as prominent
525:anatomical variation
30:For other uses, see
2599:Social Neuroscience
2261:10.1038/ncomms11616
2253:2016NatCo...711616A
2100:2021SciA....7.6160B
1977:2018PNAS..115E.676C
1524:(5): 1358–1363.e2.
1427:1986SPIE..626..284G
1213:2009PLoSO...4.8021G
965:Society and culture
733:anti-aging products
706:subcutaneous tissue
373:is vital for human
66:This article about
2727:2007-08-26 at the
2418:2011-09-03 at the
2155:The New York Times
2062:on 16 January 2022
1785:10.3390/nu14061248
1475:10.3390/nu12030870
1357:BMC Research Notes
1171:2007-11-29 at the
950:fusiform face area
934:
923:fusiform face area
896:
882:Variations of the
721:cosmetics industry
464:fusiform face area
287:and inferiorly by
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
1601:10.1111/jdv.16614
1435:10.1117/12.975404
1291:10.1111/ics.12128
1114:978-1-60547-652-0
673:, nutrition, the
617:), hair (length,
450:Human variability
354:, with the upper
305:and protected by
301:, sitting in the
275:, comprising the
263:The front of the
229:
228:
224:
110:
109:
102:
16:(Redirected from
3248:
3072:
3003:Vertebral column
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2738:
2732:
2719:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2678:10.1037/a0014430
2671:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2630:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2576:10.2307/20445341
2559:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2531:10.1037/a0019888
2510:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2473:. Archived from
2463:10.1037/a0017088
2456:
2438:
2429:
2423:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2346:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2303:via ScienceDaily
2290:
2272:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2207:
2197:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2111:
2088:Science Advances
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2058:. Archived from
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1988:
1971:(4): E676–E685.
1955:
1949:
1948:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1887:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1853:
1829:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1787:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1698:
1687:
1686:
1641:
1630:
1629:
1603:
1579:
1558:
1557:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1477:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1372:
1348:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1270:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1224:
1191:
1176:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1100:
1026:public relations
983:face transplants
975:Cosmetic surgery
970:Cosmetic surgery
848:
836:
824:
809:
786:of physique and
776:Native Americans
506:Skeletal anatomy
502:
490:
385:in humans allow
315:The distinctive
221:edit on Wikidata
136:
124:
112:
105:
98:
94:
91:
85:
61:
60:
53:
21:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3150:
3061:
2966:
2938:
2828:
2814:
2809:
2779:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2729:Wayback Machine
2720:
2716:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2669:10.1.1.576.5894
2656:Neuropsychology
2653:
2652:
2648:
2631:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2512:
2511:
2507:
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2496:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2454:10.1.1.455.8892
2436:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2420:Wayback Machine
2411:
2407:
2393:
2391:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2307:
2305:
2294:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2094:(6): eabc6160.
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2020:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1831:
1830:
1819:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1581:
1580:
1561:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1350:
1349:
1332:
1272:
1271:
1256:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1173:Wayback Machine
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1058:Facial symmetry
1053:Face perception
1043:
1018:
998:Osama bin Laden
991:
972:
967:
946:
919:face perception
911:
909:Face perception
905:
866:
861:
856:
855:
854:
853:
852:
849:
841:
840:
837:
829:
828:
825:
817:
816:
810:
760:identical twins
753:
607:
595:facial symmetry
584:buccal fat-pads
513:
512:
511:
510:
509:
503:
495:
494:
491:
480:
452:
446:
358:divided by the
336:, covering the
261:
225:
139:
127:
106:
95:
89:
86:
75:
62:
58:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3252:
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3243:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3222:
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3219:
3218:
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3216:
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3181:
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3171:
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3086:
3080:
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3069:
3063:
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3060:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2977:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2755:10.1086/226145
2733:
2714:
2703:
2691:
2662:(2): 135–143.
2646:
2605:(4): 308–316.
2589:
2554:
2525:(4): 811–821.
2505:
2502:. p. 777.
2490:
2447:(5): 691–704.
2424:
2405:
2376:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2227:
2167:
2141:
2073:
2043:
2018:
1950:
1943:
1917:
1910:
1873:
1844:(3): 152–161.
1817:
1758:
1688:
1653:(4): 365–372.
1631:
1559:
1507:
1448:
1402:
1330:
1285:(4): 312–320.
1254:
1177:
1158:
1146:
1120:
1113:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1017:
1014:
1002:George W. Bush
990:
987:
971:
968:
966:
963:
954:fusiform gyrus
945:
942:
907:Main article:
904:
901:
865:
862:
860:
857:
850:
843:
842:
839:A woman's face
838:
831:
830:
826:
819:
818:
811:
804:
803:
802:
801:
800:
752:
749:
606:
603:
549:zygomatic bone
529:viscerocranium
517:bone-structure
504:
497:
496:
492:
485:
484:
483:
482:
481:
479:
476:
462:, such as the
445:
442:
438:visual stimuli
383:Facial muscles
367:
366:
348:
330:
313:
295:
260:
257:
227:
226:
217:
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205:
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186:
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157:
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145:
141:
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137:
129:
128:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
65:
63:
56:
47:The Human Face
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3253:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
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3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2749:(4): 867–84.
2748:
2744:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:(2): 311–19.
2569:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2480:on 2017-08-08
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2363:
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2354:
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2340:
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2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
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2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2188:(8): 111257.
2187:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2168:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2074:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1944:9781118705773
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1911:9780444538598
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1697:
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1693:
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1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
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1656:
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1627:
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1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
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1589:
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1578:
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1574:
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1568:
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1555:
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1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
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1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:(12): e8021.
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1135:on 2014-10-06
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1074:
1073:Prosopagnosia
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:press officer
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
986:
984:
980:
979:facial trauma
976:
969:
964:
962:
959:
955:
952:, within the
951:
943:
941:
938:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
910:
902:
900:
893:
889:
885:
880:
876:
873:
871:
863:
858:
847:
835:
823:
815:
808:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:doppelgängers
777:
773:
769:
763:
761:
757:
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:also develop
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
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632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
604:
602:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
507:
501:
489:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
451:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:communication
376:
372:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
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290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
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258:
256:
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250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
222:
216:
212:
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164:
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135:
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113:
104:
101:
93:
83:
79:
73:
69:
64:
55:
54:
49:
48:
40:
33:
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2952:Adam's apple
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184:A01.1.00.006
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