1341:(Burmese Army) troops in Shan State, mostly between 1996 and 2001. The authors note that the figures are likely to be far lower than the reality. According to the report, "the Burmese military regime is allowing its troops systematically and on a widespread scale to commit rape with impunity in order to terrorize and subjugate the ethnic peoples of Shan State." Furthermore, the report states that "25% of the rapes resulted in death, in some incidences with bodies being deliberately displayed to local communities. 61% were gang-rapes; women were raped within military bases, and in some cases women were detained and raped repeatedly for periods of up to 4 months." The Burmese government denied the report's findings, stating that insurgents are responsible for violence in the region.
1542:
1420:. They charged that since the early 1990s, Unocal has joined hands with dictators in Burma to turn thousands of its citizens into virtual slaves. Unocal, before being purchased, stated that they had no knowledge or connection to these alleged actions although it continued working in Burma. This was believed to be the first time an American corporation has been sued in a US court on the grounds that the company violated human rights in another country.
941:
of public buildings have been razed. According to Tun Khin, the
President of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced. According to the Myanmar authorities, the violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It also displaced more than 52,000 people.
1446:, director of Human Rights Watch's Asia division, in a 2004 address described the human rights situation in the country as appalling: "Burma is the textbook example of a police state. Government informants and spies are omnipresent. Average Burmese people are afraid to speak to foreigners except in most superficial of manners for fear of being hauled in later for questioning or worse. There is no freedom of speech, assembly or association."
43:
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1481:(HRDP), on 18 April 2007, several of its members (Myint Aye, Maung Maung Lay, Tin Maung Oo and Yin Kyi) were met by approximately a hundred people led by a local official, U Nyunt Oo, and beaten up. Due to the attack, Myint Hlaing and Maung Maung Lay were badly injured and subsequently hospitalised. The HRDP alleged that this attack was condoned by the authorities and vowed to take legal action.
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960:. The army has "killed and injured civilians in indiscriminate attacks since January 2019", Amnesty said. "The new operations in Rakhine State show an unrepentant, unreformed and unaccountable military terrorising civilians and committing widespread violations as a deliberate tactic", Amnesty's Regional Director for East and Southeast Asia said.
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was declared in
Rakhine, allowing military to participate in administration of the region. The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence. A number of monks' organisations that played vital role in Burma's struggle for democracy
879:
In 2022, Freedom House rated
Myanmar's religious freedom as 1 out of 4, noting that the constitution provides for freedom of religion and recognises Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and animism. However, some anti-Muslim hate speech and discrimination has been amplified by social media, state
1207:
as journalists "are required to follow 16 guidelines towards protecting the three national causes – non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity, perpetuation of sovereignty – and "journalistic ethics" to ensure their stories are accurate and do not jeopardise national
1053:
In 2022, the US Secretary of State determined that members of the
Burmese military had committed genocide and crimes against humanity against the Rohingya people. An estimated 1.6 million Rohingya have fled to Bangladesh, Thailand and India; by the end of 2022, the UNHCR reported that approximately
940:
The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten
Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a 13 years old Rakhine girl by Burmese Muslims as the main cause. Whole villages have been "decimated". Over three hundred houses and a number
771:
In response to these claims, the
Myanmar Government has taken the position that the work of the FFM has been irresponsible and unconstructive. In September 2019, for example, U Kyaw Moe Tun, Myanmar Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva, provided comments during a Session of the
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burned two homes. The riot had started because of rumours that a Muslim man had raped an underage girl, or territory dispute between
Rakhine and Muslim trishaw riders. Three Muslims were injured in the fire. Roads in and out of the town were blocked and a government spokesperson said the Myanmar
898:
have consistently faced human rights abuses by the
Burmese regime which has refused to acknowledge them as citizens (despite generations of habitation in the country) and attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them. This policy has resulted in the expulsion of
875:
has inflamed pre-existing armed conflicts in multiple ethnic states. Amidst a “profound crisis” facing access to basic human rights in
Myanmar following the coup in February 2021, hundreds of localized armed resistance groups have now formed across the country, triggering “widespread violence in
683:
has repeatedly called on the former
Burmese military governments to respect human rights and in November 2009 the General Assembly adopted a resolution "strongly condemning the ongoing systematic violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms" and calling on the then-ruling Burmese military
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before publication. Reporters face severe consequences for criticising government officials, policy, or even reporting on criticism. Restrictions on media censorship were significantly eased in August 2012 following demonstrations by hundreds of protesters who wore shirts demanding that the
772:
Human Rights Council in Geneva. U Kyaw Moe Tun said that the "People of Myanmar, who used to stand with the UN in their long struggle for democracy and human rights, are increasingly disappointed with the less than objective stand taken by some elements of the UN with respect to Myanmar."
1386:
came to power in 1962. In 2010, amid growing calls for reform to labour laws, unofficial industrial action was taken at a number of garment factories in Rangoon, causing concern at government level. In October 2011, it was announced that trade unions had been legalised by a new law.
1249:, which has affected more than a million people living in a conflict zone. HRW cited humanitarian workers stating that some villages are unaware of the coronavirus pandemic, due both to the internet shutdown as well as due to humanitarian workers being barred access to the villages.
713:
ran a fact finding mission. This mission was aimed to "establish the facts and circumstances of the alleged recent human rights violations by military and security forces, and abuses, in Myanmar … with a view to ensuring full accountability for perpetrators and justice for victims".
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broke out between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, which left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It also displaced more than 52,000 people. As of July 2012, the Myanmar Government did not include the Rohingya minority group–-classified as
1373:
has continuously called on Burma to end the practice of forced labour since the 1960s. In June 2000, the ILO Conference adopted a resolution calling on governments to cease any relations with the country that might aid the junta to continue the use of forced labour.
1465:
were common, and that sexual violence was abundantly used as an instrument of control, including systematic rapes and taking of sex slaves as porters for the military. A strong women's pro-democracy movement has formed in exile, largely along the Thai border and in
1497:
In April 2019, the UN appointed an American prosecutor as head of an independent team that will probe human rights violations in Myanmar's volatile Rakhine state, focusing on atrocities committed against Rohingya Muslims. However, Myanmar's ruling political party
663:
has... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity." In 2011 the "country's more than 2,100 political prisoners included about 429 members of the NLD, the victors in the 1990 elections." As of July 2013, according to the
679:'s Special Assistant to the President on Human Rights, wrote on the White House Blog in advance of the President's visit that "Serious human rights abuses against civilians in several regions continue, including against women and children." The
1285:
reported in June 2012 that "Children are being sold as conscripts into the Burmese military for as little as $ 40 and a bag of rice or a can of petrol." The UN's Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict,
1119:
report notes that the authorities arbitrarily search citizens' homes, intercept mail, and monitor telephone conversations, and that the possession and use of telephones, fax machines, computers, modems, and software are criminalised.
2157:
1473:
In a press release on 16 December 2005 the US State Department said UN involvement in Burma was essential and listed illicit narcotics, human rights abuses and political repression as serious problems that the UN needed to address.
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concluded that the airstrikes taken place in March/April 2020 by the Myanmar military, killed civilians including children. According to witness testimonies, Myanmar soldiers arbitrarily detained the civilians over alleged link to
2233:
1196:
The most significant change has come in the form that media organisations will no longer have to submit their content to a censorship board prior to publication, however, as explained by one editorial in the exiled press
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for extermination or 'Burmisation'. This, however, has received little attention from the international community since it has been more subtle and indirect than the mass killings which occurred in places like
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several hundred thousand men, women, children and elderly people are forced to work against their will by the administration. Individuals refusing to work may be victims of torture, rape or murder. The
1066:. The detainees were brutally tortured and beaten by the army. Internet has been cut-off for more than a year in the conflicted territory. The civilians are deprived of the humanitarian assistance over
1215:
to seven years in prison allegedly for protecting state secrets. In August 2019, a Myanmar court sentenced a filmmaker to one year in prison with hard labor for criticizing the military on Facebook.
1440:. Military officers hold all cabinet positions, and active or retired officers hold all top posts in all ministries. Official corruption is reportedly rampant both at the higher and local levels."
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1242:, condemned the punishment and called it 'cruel' considering serious health ailments that Min Htin Ko Ko Gyi is suffering from, one of which is liver cancer that demands specialist treatment.
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Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh since 1982—on the government's list of more than 130 ethnic races and therefore the government says that they have no claim to Myanmar citizenship.
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Full List FREEDOM FIGHTERS: Aung San Suu Kyi, Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Andrei Sakharov, Vaclav Havel, Akbar Ganji, Benigno Aquino Jr., Ho Chi Minh
1313:, a US delegation raised the issue of child soldiers with the government in October 2012. However, she did not comment on the government's progress towards reform in this area.
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648:
3171:
260:
3993:
3144:
131:
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2345:
A Handbook of Terrorism and Insurgency in South East Asia, Tan, Andrew T.H., Chapter 16, State Terrorism in Arakan, Islam, Syed Serajul Islam, Edward Elgar Publishing,
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438:
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1112:, have "been wrongfully denied their liberty for peaceful acts that would not be considered crimes under international law", Amnesty International claims.
907:. As a result of this policy Rohingya people have been described as "among the world’s least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities".
3998:, a report on the Burmese military regime's use of sexual violence in Shan State, by The Shan Human Rights Foundation and The Shan Women's Action Network
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976:
On 21 March 2022, the Biden administration declared that Myanmar's military has committed genocide against the Rohingya minority. The Secretary of State
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2012:
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in 2013, though the detainment was linked to a 2008 death, the case for which had been withdrawn by family of the deceased in 2010. She had run for
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5129:
3516:"Two Burmese children a week conscripted into military, UN-verified accounts of child soldiers undermine junta's assurances on democratic reforms"
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999:(RFA) gives damning evidence of the brutal operation which reinforce a pattern of killings that bear the hallmarks of the military’s atrocities.
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in Burma – the number had doubled from 1,100 in 2006 to 2,123 in 2008. As of April 2013, there were 176 political prisoners in Burmese prisons.
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81:
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is commonplace. An estimated 70,000 of the country's 350,000–400,000 soldiers are children. There are also multiple reports of widespread
3621:"Resolution concerning the measures recommended by the Governing Body under article 33 of the ILO Constitution on the subject of Myanmar"
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stated that the US has seen evidence pointing to a clear intent to destroy the Rohingya, with reports of killings, mass rape, and arson.
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Political prisoners may be detained on charges seemingly unrelated to politics, complicating the case for their release. For example,
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investigator has documented apparent war crimes by the Myanmar military and released shocking footage of brutal killings allegedly in
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have long been regarded as among the worst in the world. In 2022, Freedom House rated Myanmar’s human rights at 9 out 100 (not free).
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Human rights organisations such as Amnesty International also report frequent torture of prisoners, including political prisoners.
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1399:, in conjunction with the US, Japan and Denmark, to promote the development of fundamental labour rights and practice in Myanmar.
937:, Myanmar. The riots came after weeks of sectarian disputes and have been condemned by most people on both sides of the conflict.
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notes that "The junta rules by decree, controls the judiciary, suppresses all basic rights, and commits human rights abuses with
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794:. As of August 2022, she is being held in solitary confinement serving a 17-year sentence following a series of secret trials.
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further documents the widespread use of rape by Burma's soldiers to brutalise women from five different ethnic nationalities.
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1203:, this new "freedom" has caused some Burmese journalists to simply see the new law as an attempt to create an environment of
803:
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786:. She was imprisoned or under house arrest for 15 out of the 21 years from 1990 to 2010. In 2021, she was imprisoned by the
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The Burmese media is tightly controlled by the government. Newspapers, journals and other publications are run under the
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on the situation of human rights in Myanmar into the country. What the Fact-Finding Mission found and announced was that
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The 2012 Rakhine State riots are a series of ongoing conflicts between Rohingya Muslims and ethnic Rakhine in northern
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approximately half of the Rohingya population from Burma. An estimated 90,000 people have been displaced in the recent
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on 5 July 2012 and stated that she hoped the government's signing of an action plan would "signal a transformation".
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2019:
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Evidence has been gathered which suggests that the Burmese regime has marked certain ethnic minorities such as the
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Myanmar Permanent Representative makes rebuttal statements to Special Rapporteur and FFM at interactive dialogues'
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Unfortunately, the government of Myanmar did not work with the Fact Finding Mission (FFM). They neither allow the
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junta "to take urgent measures to put an end to violations of international human rights and humanitarian law."
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Child soldiers have and continued to play a major part in the Burmese Army as well as Burmese rebel movements.
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License to Rape : The Burmese military regime's use of sexual violence in the ongoing war in Shan State
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56:
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1987:
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1238:, Human Dignity International Film Festival. Nicholas Bequelin Director for East and South East Asia at
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995:. At least five of them later appear dead, their hands bound, shot from behind. Few images obtained by
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1518:. This is the first official visit by a UN Human Rights Chief to the country. Ms. Bachelet will go to
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On June 19, 2020, HRW urged the Myanmar government to immediately end a year-long government-enforced
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3222:"Coronavirus is 'emboldening' Myanmar military to carry out 'war crimes' says UN human rights expert"
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The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the regions. On 10 June,
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317:
267:
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1470:. There was also said to be a growing international movement to defend women's human rights issues.
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From 2005 to 2007 NGOs found that violations of human rights included the absence of an independent
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region. On 10 May, 30 men were captured after a Myanmar military raid in Mon Taing Pin village, in
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33:
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Since a 1982 citizenship law Rohingya have been stripped of their Burmese citizenship. In 2012, a
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3498:"My Gun Was as Tall as Me" : Child Soldiers in Burma], Human Rights Watch, October 2002,
3287:"Amnesty International calls on authorities in Myanmar to release all prisoners of conscience"
3195:
2346:
1670:
1511:
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post. Min Htin Ko Ko Gyi is also a founder of the Human Dignity Film Institute (HDFI) and the
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have repeatedly documented and condemned widespread human rights violations in Myanmar. The
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3041:"In Myanmar's hidden region, media tour takes harrowing turn when soldiers aren't watching"
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3873:"Myanmar Signals It Will Give Cold Shoulder to New UN Rights Investigator on Rohingya"
3571:, Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) and Shan Women's Action Network (SWAN), May 2002
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42:
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4184:
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were reported. In 2020 Yanghee Lee, the UN special rapporteur to Myanmar, stated the
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as an instrument of control, including allegations of systematic rapes and taking of
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17:
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have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community.
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3289:, Amnesty International (ASA 16/011/2004), 7 December 2004, accessed 14 August 2012
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3623:, General Conference of the International Labour Organization (ILO), 14 June 2000
3532:"Press Conference on Action Plan to End Recruitment of Child Soldiers in Myanmar"
2883:"Gruesome New Details on The Ethnic Cleansing in Myanmar No One Is Talking About"
2649:
2363:
1222:, was arrested on 12 April 2019 and formally charged under section 505(a) of the
5228:
4221:
3921:"UN Human Rights Chief to visit Bangladesh, including Cox's Bazar, 14–17 August"
3641:
1751:"Satellite Images Verify Myanmar Forced Relocations, Mounting Military Presence"
1270:
1139:
1016:
821:
3262:"Myanmar: Indiscriminate airstrikes kill civilians as Rakhine conflict worsens"
3014:
2799:
2306:
2912:"'We must protect our country': extremist Buddhists target Mandalay's Muslims"
2852:
1537:
1515:
1443:
1290:, who stepped down from her position a week later, met representatives of the
1262:
1211:
On 3 September 2018 Myanmar court sentenced two Burmese reporters working for
1189:
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850:
846:
734:
191:
1416:
corporation, previously known as Union Oil of California and now part of the
845:
which has ruled Burma since 1978, and many of them have fled to neighbouring
3145:"Rohingya villages 'burned by Burmese army' in crackdown on Muslim minority"
2623:
2482:"UN refugee agency redeploys staff to address humanitarian needs in Myanmar"
2211:"Former Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi sentenced to 6 more years in prison"
1964:(Press release). International Federation for Human Rights. 20 November 2009
1485:
was formed in 2002 to raise awareness among the people of Burma about their
1450:
1344:
A 2003 report "No Safe Place: Burma's Army and the Rape of Ethnic Women" by
1028:
698:
are common. The Burmese military junta is also notorious for rampant use of
201:
150:
4054:
Weekly column on human rights & the rule of law in Burma & Thailand
3964:
Collection of reports on issues in Burma, maintained by Burma Center Prague
3743:"Statement to the EU Development Committee (Human Rights Watch, 30-8-2004)"
2234:"Burma's 'slow genocide' is revealed through the eyes of its child victims"
3543:
2115:"Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar*"
1825:
1453:, restrictions on Internet access through software-based censorship, that
1011:
of the Rohingya population and committing state-sanctioned crimes such as
956:
accused the Burmese army of committing war crimes and other atrocities in
4443:
2726:"Burmese army committing fresh atrocities in Rakhine state, says Amnesty"
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1585:
1437:
1338:
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1231:
1227:
1109:
1043:
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872:
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738:
3172:"UV: At least 30,000 Rohingya trapped in Myanmar mountains without food"
3067:"Women, children feared among scores dead in Myanmar village 'massacre'"
4832:
4106:
3949:
Burmese soldiers target Christians in recent attacks – 2 November, 2011
2856:
2789:, Jared Ferrie and Aung Hla Tun, The Star Online (Reuters), 1 July 2013
1527:
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148,000 Rohingya were being held in displacement camps in the country.
1024:
988:
969:
3448:"Myanmar: Filmmaker sentenced to one year in prison for Facebook post"
2132:
1038:
In August 2017 new massacres and burning down of Rohingya villages by
4018:
3611:, Betsy Apple and Veronika Martin, Refugees International, April 2003
3494:
3382:"MediaShift. In Burma, a Delicate Balance for New Freedoms of Speech"
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1867:
1413:
1395:
An initiative was launched in 2014 by the Myanmar government and the
992:
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stated that the systematic brutality by security forces known as the
3303:
1852:. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN). 27 September 2012
1226:
on 1 August 2019, for one-year prison on charges of criticizing the
4075:
2079:"Biographies of the members of the Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar"
1100:
have been imprisoned after unfair trials. The prisoners, including
1070:. Amnesty also reported the destruction and burning of villages in
3958:
752:
743:
3953:
3422:"Myanmar jails filmmaker for Facebook posts critical of military"
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International Confederation of Free Trade Unions' Burma Campaign
1921:
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4836:
4079:
4012:
1046:
had been emboldened by extra powers granted to them during the
668:, there were about 100 political prisoners in Burmese prisons.
3853:"U.N. Involvement in Burma 'Essential', State Department Says"
3714:"Announcement: Burma oil campaign, No Petro-dollars for SLORC"
3120:"Fears of mass atrocities against Rohingya civilians in Burma"
1721:"Amnesty International 2009 Report on Human Rights in Myanmar"
729:"that warrant criminal investigation and prosecution", namely
2585:"Burmese authorities targeting Rohingyas, UK parliament told"
2526:"Four killed as Rohingya Muslims riot in Myanmar: government"
857:
has also flared since fighting restarted in June 2011 in the
1611:"A Special Report to the 59th Session of the United Nations"
1412:
In a landmark legal case, some human rights groups sued the
2826:"Myanmar Military Atrocities Laid Bare in Gruesome Footage"
2307:"Human rights in Myanmar face 'profound crisis' – Bachelet"
1962:"UN General Assembly Resolution: Time f or Concrete Action"
1309:
to secure the release of more child soldiers. According to
1096:
report stated that, between 1989 and 2004, more than 1,300
798:
Freedom of religion, minority rights, and internal conflict
4046:
3704:, Daniel Zwerdling, American Radio Works – NPR, March 2000
3352:"Actions: No Political Prisoner Left Behind. Free Buak Ja"
2989:"Burma: Government Forces Implicated in Killings and Rape"
2341:
2339:
1632:"Are EU Trade Sanctions on Burma Compatible With WTO Law?"
1321:
A 2002 report by The Shan Human Rights Foundation and The
1305:
met with representatives of the government as well as the
903:
between Rohingya Muslims and Buddhists in Burma's western
2937:"Myanmar may have killed 'thousands' of Rohingya Muslims"
2364:"Burma unrest: UN body says 90,000 displaced by violence"
1510:
On 14 August 2022, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
3895:"UN rights chief in Bangladesh, to visit Rohingya camps"
3608:
No Safe Place: Burma's Army and the Rape of Ethnic Women
3093:"Rohingya children 'beheaded and burned alive' in Burma"
2379:"Bangladesh accused of "crackdown" on Rohingya refugees"
2290:
Burma – The Rohingya Minority: Fundamental Rights Denied
1639:
Are EU Trade Sanctions on Burma Compatible with WTO Law?
3969:
Amnesty International report on prisoners of conscience
3692:, published 14 November 2014, accessed 23 February 2021
2678:"Burma's monks call for Muslim community to be shunned"
4001:
3773:"Internet Filtering in Burma in 2005: A Country Study"
3326:"Kachin activist Daw Bauk Ja arrested over 2008 death"
1581:
War crimes during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
4063:
Human Rights abuse in Burma reported on by Guy Horton
2616:"အ႘ရး႘ပၚအ႘ျခအ႘န ႘ၾကညာခ်က႙ ႏုိင႙ငံ႘ရးသမားမ်ား ႘ထာက႙ခံ"
2560:
Agence France-Presse in the Philippine Daily Inquirer
751:, Tak Province, Thailand, one of the largest of nine
706:
by the military, a practice which continued in 2012.
4004:, Documenting the voices of villagers in rural Burma
3583:"Personal Tales of Struggle Resonate With President"
1618:
ruled by one of the world's most repressive regimes.
1007:
Government of Myanmar has been accused by the UN of
5168:
5128:
4870:
4647:
4570:
4509:
4378:
4292:
4135:
2963:"Burma: Rohingya Recount Killings, Rape, and Arson"
2853:"UN: Rohingya facing 'ethnic cleansing' in Myanmar"
2780:"Rioters renew violence in Myanmar's Rakhine State"
2404:"Myanmar, Bangladesh leaders "to discuss Rohingya""
2007:
2005:
1850:"Myanmar: Final push on political prisoners needed"
1671:"Myanmar: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report"
1502:disapproved of the new UN investigative mechanism.
968:On 30 June 2013, rioters in the west coast town of
649:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
639:International human rights organisations including
3825:"Myanmar: 10th anniversary of military repression"
3690:New initiative to improve labour rights in Myanmar
2905:
2903:
2435:"The Rohingya: Unwanted at Home, Unwelcome Abroad"
1984:"Myanmar: 10th anniversary of military repression"
1936:"List of UN General Assembly Resolutions on Burma"
3848:
3846:
3375:
3373:
2097:"Myanmar refuses access to UN Special Rapporteur"
1898:
1896:
3470:"Myanmar: End World's Longest Internet Shutdown"
2800:"Myanmar Rohingya violence is genocide, US says"
2703:"Amnesty accuses Burmese military of new abuses"
2578:
2576:
2265:"New evidence backs claims of genocide in Burma"
2131:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
1366:International Confederation of Free Trade Unions
3544:"ILO in Talks with Kachins over Child Soldiers"
2549:
2547:
2209:Chen, Heather; Diamond, Cape (16 August 2022).
1616:. Geneva: Freedom House. 2003. pp. vii–7.
709:In March 2017, a three-member committee in the
4047:Asian Human Rights Commission – Burma homepage
3664:"Burma law to allow labour unions and strikes"
3300:"List of Political Prisoners in Burma in 2008"
2508:"Rohingyas are not citizens: Myanmar minister"
2433:Lucas Bento and Guled Yusuf (9 October 2012).
1522:where she will be able to visit camps housing
1337:, involving 625 girls and women, committed by
1125:Assistance Association for Political Prisoners
666:Assistance Association for Political Prisoners
4848:
4091:
3801:. BurmaNet News. 27 June 2006. Archived from
2556:"Myanmar stung by global censure over unrest"
2049:"Human Rights Watch World Report 2012, Burma"
605:
8:
3862:, U.S. Department of State, 17 December 2005
1826:"Burma Govt Releases 73 Political Prisoners"
3408:"The Crushing of the Free Press in Myanmar"
1690:"Statement to the EU Development Committee"
973:police were working to find the offenders.
880:institutions and mainstream news websites.
725:in Myanmar committed serious violations of
4855:
4841:
4833:
4576:
4515:
4384:
4298:
4118:
4098:
4084:
4076:
4008:Refugees International on Burmese refugees
3716:, Pamela Wellner, Free Burma, 26 June 1996
3015:"Suu Kyi denies Rohingya ethnic cleansing"
2476:
2474:
1799:"Myanmar set to release some 70 prisoners"
612:
598:
28:
3245:
3243:
1154:and also actively campaigned against the
864:On 21 March 2022, in the 49th session of
495:Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
3732:, Freedom House, accessed 14 August 2012
3534:, United Nations (New York), 5 July 2012
2851:Al Jazeera English (11 September 2017).
1556:Myanmar National Human Rights Commission
3634:"Burma Rejects Labor Union Application"
3450:. Amnesty International. 29 August 2019
2751:"Rohingya houses set ablaze in Thandwe"
1844:
1842:
1602:
1162:to court for its land confiscations in
1082:Freedom of speech and political freedom
31:
3990:by Minority Rights Group International
3203:
3193:
1658:repressive and abusive military regime
1403:Past condemnation and individual cases
3118:MacGregor, Fiona (2 September 2017).
2863:from the original on 12 December 2021
1193:government "Stop Killing the Press".
755:camps in Thailand where over 700,000
439:Ministry of International Cooperation
396:Self-Administered Zones and Divisions
391:States, Regions and Union Territories
82:National Defence and Security Council
7:
4798:
4042:Burma Labour Solidarity Organisation
3775:. OpenNet Initiative. Archived from
2554:Lauras, Didier (15 September 2012).
1875:"Burma Frees 56 Political Prisoners"
1483:Human Rights Defenders and Promoters
1479:Human Rights Defenders and Promoters
1035:against them but Myanmar denies it.
876:areas that were previously stable”.
5265:Political prisoners held by Myanmar
4257:State Peace and Development Council
3380:Roughneen, Simon (15 August 2012).
3354:. Burma Campaign UK. Archived from
2332:Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25
2101:United Nations Human Rights Council
2083:United Nations Human Rights Council
1514:began a four-day official visit to
1301:released 42 child soldiers and the
866:United Nations Human Rights Council
711:United Nations Human Rights Council
2232:Guardia, Anton La (24 June 2005).
1905:"Supporting Human Rights in Burma"
1903:Samantha Power (9 November 2012).
25:
4071:United States Department of State
3581:Warren Vieth (13 November 2005).
2676:Hindstorm, Hanna (25 July 2012).
2583:Hindstorm, Hanna (28 June 2012).
2454:"What drive the Rohingya to sea?"
2452:Jonathan Head (5 February 2009).
2377:Mark Dummett (18 February 2010).
2022:. 1 February 2007. Archived from
1397:International Labour Organization
1371:International Labour Organization
1317:State-sanctioned torture and rape
1303:International Labour Organization
890:Persecution of Muslims in Myanmar
841:violations under the rule of the
5223:
5214:
5213:
4809:
4797:
4786:
4785:
2514:. Chennai, India. 1 August 2012.
2183:. 15 August 2010. Archived from
1630:Howse, Robert; Jared M. Genser.
1540:
572:
554:National Human Rights Commission
41:
2910:McPherson, Poppy (8 May 2017).
2162:The Global New Light of Myanmar
1088:Freedom of the press in Myanmar
681:United Nations General Assembly
5181:British Indian Ocean Territory
4068:Burma 2012 Human Rights Report
4058:Chin Human Rights Organization
2650:"Old tensions bubble in Burma"
2410:. 25 June 2012. Archived from
2263:Thomson, Mike (5 March 2006).
1571:Freedom of religion in Myanmar
1561:Internet censorship in Myanmar
1382:Trade unions were banned when
804:Freedom of religion in Myanmar
1:
3979:Freedom House's Burma ratings
3799:"Burma bans Google and gmail"
2757:. 1 July 2013. Archived from
2724:Smith, Nicola (29 May 2019).
1753:. ScienceMode. Archived from
1500:National League for Democracy
1102:National League for Democracy
849:as a result Violence against
780:National League for Democracy
4466:State Administration Council
4212:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2175:"Top 10 Political Prisoners"
808:Internal conflict in Myanmar
782:which was victorious in the
118:State Administration Council
4267:2011–2015 political reforms
1824:Weng, Lawi (24 July 2013).
1329:, details 173 incidents of
1323:Shan Women's Action Network
1146:was detained by police for
426:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5281:
3934:– via Press Release.
3495:"MY GUN WAS AS TALL AS ME"
2614:Linn Htet (11 June 2012).
1391:Labour rights improvements
1177:
1127:(Burma), there were 1,547
1085:
926:
887:
801:
5209:
4781:
4579:
4518:
4387:
4301:
4123:Myanmar is also known as
4121:
4117:
3954:Human Rights Watch: Burma
3730:Freedom in the World 2004
3250:US State Dept 2022 report
2589:Democratic Voice of Burma
1566:Women's rights in Myanmar
1430:Freedom in the World 2004
1136:National Democratic Force
859:2011–2012 Kachin Conflict
837:have continued to suffer
653:Freedom in the World 2011
500:National Unity Government
4930:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4392:Administrative divisions
4019:The Free Burma Coalition
4015:(Open Society Institute)
4002:Karen Human Rights Group
3858:21 February 2014 at the
3702:"Blood and Oil in Burma"
2240:. London. Archived from
2013:"State of Terror report"
1777:"Burma (Myanmar) (2011)"
1530:and meet with refugees.
1378:Right to organise labour
1307:Kachin Independence Army
1013:extrajudicial executions
929:2012 Rakhine State riots
923:2012 Rakhine State riots
853:communities such as the
384:Administrative divisions
256:House of Representatives
5250:Human rights in Myanmar
5191:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4762:Twelve Auspicious Rites
4543:Myanmar kyat (currency)
2020:Women's League of Burma
1186:Ministry of Information
731:crimes against humanity
625:Human rights in Myanmar
299:Constitutional Tribunal
69:Constitutional Tribunal
3988:Burma: Time for Change
3899:The New Indian Express
3726:"Burma country report"
2785:24 August 2019 at the
1641:: 166+. Archived from
1576:LGBT rights in Myanmar
1346:Refugees International
1297:In September 2012 the
1252:
1057:Investigations led by
884:Persecution of Muslims
768:
455:Diplomatic missions of
244:House of Nationalities
221:Provisional Government
4864:Human rights in Asia
3829:Amnesty International
3638:The Irrawaddy website
3384:. PBS. Archived from
2294:Amnesty International
1988:Amnesty International
1725:Amnesty International
1548:Current events portal
1292:Government of Myanmar
1265:of children into the
1218:A Burmese filmmaker,
1094:Amnesty International
1059:Amnesty International
954:Amnesty International
831:Amnesty International
784:1990 general election
747:
719:UN special rapporteur
645:Amnesty International
182:Deputy Prime Minister
18:Human rights in Burma
5105:United Arab Emirates
4599:Environmental issues
4558:Units of measurement
4205:First Toungoo Empire
4038:. 16 November 2005
3567:30 July 2013 at the
2366:. BBC. 20 June 2012.
2164:, 20 September 2019.
1731:on 12 September 2009
1288:Radhika Coomaraswamy
1174:Freedom of the press
1048:coronavirus pandemic
671:On 9 November 2012,
513:Mahn Win Khaing Than
5132:limited recognition
4237:Japanese occupation
4190:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
4024:Censorship in Burma
3984:Minorities in Burma
3779:on 19 November 2008
3410:. 6 September 2018.
3388:on 26 November 2012
3358:on 12 November 2013
3306:on 2 September 2011
3182:on 4 September 2017
2269:The Daily Telegraph
2238:The Daily Telegraph
1757:on 26 February 2008
1591:Burma Center Prague
1418:Chevron Corporation
1333:and other forms of
1180:Censorship in Burma
1129:political prisoners
1098:political prisoners
1033:forced displacement
964:Continuing violence
778:led the opposition
303:Chairman: Than Kyaw
34:Politics of Myanmar
5255:Sectarian violence
4822:Outline of Myanmar
4538:Telecommunications
4454:commander-in-chief
4247:Socialist Republic
4195:Kingdom of Mrauk U
3550:, 5 September 2012
3474:Human Rights Watch
3266:Human Rights Watch
3206:has generic name (
3099:. 2 September 2017
3073:. 1 September 2017
2969:. 21 December 2016
2830:Human Rights Watch
2187:on 12 October 2010
2053:Human Rights Watch
1942:on 4 November 2016
1694:Human Rights Watch
1259:Human Rights Watch
1224:Myanmar Penal Code
1220:Min Htin Ko Ko Gyi
1188:and undergo heavy
1148:medical negligence
983:On 4 July 2022, a
946:state of emergency
901:sectarian violence
769:
767:persons have fled.
641:Human Rights Watch
579:Myanmar portal
5237:
5236:
5174:other territories
4830:
4829:
4777:
4776:
4614:Human trafficking
4566:
4565:
4505:
4504:
4473:Political parties
4412:Foreign relations
4374:
4373:
4165:Myinsaing Kingdom
4131:
4130:
3959:Burma Campaign UK
3875:. Radio Free Asia
3670:. 14 October 2011
3587:Los Angeles Times
3518:, Jerome Taylor,
3170:edition.cnn.com.
3149:Independent.co.uk
3097:Independent.co.uk
2995:. 12 January 2017
2943:. 9 February 2017
2887:Foreignpolicy.com
1922:National Archives
1803:The Myanmar Times
1512:Michelle Bachelet
1459:human trafficking
1364:According to the
1261:, recruiting and
1253:Children's rights
1247:internet shutdown
1068:COVID-19 pandemic
869:Michelle Bachelet
727:international law
692:human trafficking
622:
621:
489:Exiled government
472:Visa requirements
419:Foreign relations
371:Political parties
64:2008 Constitution
16:(Redirected from
5272:
5227:
5217:
5216:
5186:Christmas Island
4872:Sovereign states
4857:
4850:
4843:
4834:
4813:
4801:
4800:
4789:
4788:
4747:National symbols
4577:
4533:Opium production
4516:
4385:
4299:
4217:Konbaung dynasty
4119:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4077:
4036:The Boston Globe
4033:Focus on Myanmar
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3901:. 14 August 2022
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3869:
3863:
3850:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3749:. Archived from
3739:
3733:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3644:on 25 April 2012
3640:. Archived from
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3578:
3572:
3557:
3551:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3513:
3507:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3428:. 29 August 2019
3418:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3302:. Archived from
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3178:. Archived from
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3151:. 29 August 2017
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2648:(11 June 2012).
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2622:. Archived from
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2591:. Archived from
2580:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2354:
2343:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2171:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2017:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1938:. Archived from
1932:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1879:Voice of America
1871:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1727:. Archived from
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1696:. Archived from
1685:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1636:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1228:Myanmar military
1152:election in 2010
1106:Aung San Suu Kyi
1009:ethnic cleansing
1003:Ethnic cleansing
788:Myanmar military
776:Aung San Suu Kyi
659:notes that "The
614:
607:
600:
577:
576:
575:
517:Vice President:
511:Prime Minister:
45:
29:
21:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5205:
5173:
5164:
5145:Northern Cyprus
5131:
5124:
4866:
4861:
4831:
4826:
4773:
4752:Public holidays
4643:
4639:Sex trafficking
4562:
4501:
4439:Law enforcement
4370:
4346:Protected areas
4288:
4200:Toungoo dynasty
4175:Sagaing Kingdom
4150:Pyu city-states
4127:
4113:
4104:
3995:Licence to rape
3945:
3940:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3860:Wayback Machine
3851:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3831:. 7 August 1998
3823:
3822:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3753:on 20 June 2006
3741:
3740:
3736:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3569:Wayback Machine
3558:
3554:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3520:The Independent
3514:
3510:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3228:. 30 April 2020
3220:
3219:
3215:
3202:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3124:Telegraph.co.uk
3117:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2806:. 21 March 2022
2798:
2797:
2793:
2787:Wayback Machine
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2682:The Independent
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2655:BBC News Online
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2626:on 13 June 2012
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2414:on 18 July 2012
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2353:, pg. 342, 2007
2344:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2313:. 21 March 2022
2305:
2304:
2300:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2190:
2188:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2059:on 30 June 2013
2047:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1990:. 7 August 1998
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1915:
1913:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1881:. 22 April 2013
1873:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1779:. Freedom House
1775:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1700:on 20 June 2006
1687:
1686:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1508:
1495:
1426:
1410:
1405:
1393:
1380:
1362:
1357:
1335:sexual violence
1327:License to Rape
1319:
1283:The Independent
1279:
1255:
1205:self-censorship
1182:
1176:
1090:
1084:
1005:
997:Radio Free Asia
966:
931:
925:
892:
886:
835:Rohingya people
829:. According to
810:
802:Main articles:
800:
723:security forces
700:sexual violence
675:, US President
637:
629:military regime
618:
589:
585:Other countries
573:
571:
566:
565:
534:
526:
525:
490:
482:
481:
463:
451:
421:
411:
410:
386:
376:
375:
367:
345:
320:
309:
308:
290:Chief Justice:
281:
273:
272:
239:
228:
227:
173:Min Aung Hlaing
127:Min Aung Hlaing
110:Min Aung Hlaing
95:
87:
86:
59:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5278:
5276:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5242:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5221:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4807:
4795:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4553:Transportation
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4490:Prime Minister
4487:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4427:Women's rights
4424:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4242:Union of Burma
4239:
4234:
4229:
4227:Karenni States
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Kingdom of Ava
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Thaton Kingdom
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3943:External links
3941:
3938:
3937:
3912:
3886:
3864:
3842:
3816:
3805:on 6 July 2006
3790:
3764:
3734:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3681:
3655:
3625:
3613:
3599:
3573:
3552:
3536:
3524:
3522:, 19 June 2012
3508:
3487:
3476:. 19 June 2020
3461:
3439:
3413:
3399:
3369:
3343:
3332:. 22 July 2013
3317:
3291:
3279:
3253:
3239:
3213:
3162:
3136:
3110:
3084:
3058:
3047:. 19 July 2017
3032:
3021:. 6 April 2017
3006:
2980:
2954:
2928:
2899:
2874:
2843:
2817:
2791:
2772:
2761:on 4 July 2013
2742:
2716:
2694:
2668:
2637:
2606:
2595:on 6 July 2012
2572:
2543:
2517:
2499:
2488:. 29 June 2012
2470:
2444:
2425:
2395:
2369:
2355:
2335:
2324:
2298:
2282:
2255:
2244:on 31 May 2008
2224:
2201:
2166:
2149:
2123:
2106:
2088:
2070:
2040:
2029:on 28 May 2007
2001:
1975:
1953:
1927:
1910:whitehouse.gov
1892:
1863:
1838:
1816:
1805:. 24 July 2013
1790:
1768:
1742:
1711:
1680:
1662:
1648:on 7 June 2010
1622:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1535:
1532:
1526:refugees from
1507:
1504:
1494:
1491:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1389:
1384:General Ne Win
1379:
1376:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1318:
1315:
1311:Samantha Power
1278:
1277:Child soldiers
1275:
1254:
1251:
1178:Main article:
1175:
1172:
1168:Hukawng Valley
1160:Yuzana Company
1104:(NLD) leaders
1083:
1080:
1004:
1001:
985:United Nations
978:Antony Blinken
965:
962:
927:Main article:
924:
921:
888:Main article:
885:
882:
799:
796:
761:Asylum-seekers
673:Samantha Power
661:military junta
636:
633:
620:
619:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
591:
590:
588:
587:
581:
568:
567:
564:
563:
558:
557:
556:
546:
541:
535:
533:Related topics
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
522:
521:
515:
509:
497:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
469:
462:
461:
450:
449:
448:
447:
436:
435:
434:
422:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
368:
366:
365:
360:
355:
351:Presidential:
348:
346:
344:
343:
336:
331:
324:
321:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
305:
304:
296:
295:
294:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
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270:
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264:
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253:
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251:
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234:
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225:
224:
223:
212:
211:
210:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
178:
177:
176:
175:
163:Prime Minister
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:Second: Vacant
153:
145:Vice-President
141:
140:
139:
138:
129:
115:
114:
113:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
79:
78:
77:
66:
60:
55:
54:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5277:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5220:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5155:South Ossetia
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4858:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:Ethnic groups
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:military rule
4447:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Deforestation
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:2007 protests
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4252:8888 Uprising
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Prome Kingdom
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Pinya Kingdom
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Pagan Kingdom
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4052:Rule of Lords
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:Burma Project
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
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3584:
3577:
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3566:
3563:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3548:The Irrawaddy
3546:, Lawi Weng,
3545:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:1-56432-279-3
3501:
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3488:
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3471:
3465:
3462:
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3440:
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3400:
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3370:
3357:
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3347:
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3331:
3330:Myanmar Times
3327:
3321:
3318:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3268:. 8 July 2020
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3246:
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3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
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2875:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2832:. 4 July 2022
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2731:
2730:The Telegraph
2727:
2720:
2717:
2705:. 29 May 2019
2704:
2698:
2695:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2646:Keane, Fergal
2641:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2620:The Irrawaddy
2617:
2610:
2607:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2532:. 8 June 2012
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:
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2356:
2352:
2351:9781845425432
2348:
2342:
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2336:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2312:
2311:United Nation
2308:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2243:
2239:
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2163:
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2110:
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2089:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1880:
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1730:
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1722:
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1712:
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1691:
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1681:
1676:
1675:Freedom House
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
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1626:
1623:
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1612:
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1477:According to
1475:
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1469:
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1456:
1455:forced labour
1452:
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1441:
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1435:
1434:Freedom House
1431:
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1360:Forced labour
1359:
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1121:
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1113:
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961:
959:
958:Rakhine State
955:
952:In May 2019,
950:
947:
942:
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936:
935:Rakhine State
930:
922:
920:
918:
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905:Rakhine State
902:
897:
891:
883:
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877:
874:
870:
867:
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840:
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833:, the Muslim
832:
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689:
688:Forced labour
685:
682:
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669:
667:
662:
658:
657:Freedom House
654:
650:
646:
642:
634:
632:
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615:
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608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
593:
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586:
583:
582:
580:
570:
569:
562:
561:Naming issues
559:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
530:
529:
520:
519:Duwa Lashi La
516:
514:
510:
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506:Duwa Lashi La
503:
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498:
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493:
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486:
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286:Supreme Court
284:
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269:
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133:
132:Vice Chairman
130:
128:
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120:
119:
116:
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107:
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101:
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62:
61:
58:
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52:
49:
48:
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40:
39:
35:
30:
27:
19:
5260:Sectarianism
5170:Dependencies
5100:Turkmenistan
5065:Saudi Arabia
5029:
4814:
4802:
4790:
4634:Prostitution
4589:Demographics
4528:Central bank
4417:Human rights
4416:
4397:Constitution
4232:British rule
4124:
3994:
3928:. Retrieved
3924:
3915:
3903:. Retrieved
3898:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3867:
3833:. Retrieved
3819:
3807:. Retrieved
3803:the original
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3777:the original
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3751:the original
3746:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3684:
3672:. Retrieved
3667:
3658:
3646:. Retrieved
3642:the original
3637:
3628:
3616:
3607:
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:
3576:
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3547:
3539:
3527:
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3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3473:
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3452:. Retrieved
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3425:
3416:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3360:. Retrieved
3356:the original
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3329:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3304:the original
3294:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3265:
3256:
3230:. Retrieved
3225:
3216:
3184:. Retrieved
3180:the original
3175:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3148:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3096:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3070:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3018:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2966:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2940:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2916:the Guardian
2915:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2803:
2794:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:the original
2754:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2653:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2624:the original
2619:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2565:15 September
2563:. Retrieved
2559:
2534:. Retrieved
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2485:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2447:
2439:The Diplomat
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:the original
2407:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2382:
2372:
2358:
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
2310:
2301:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2268:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:the original
2237:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2204:
2196:
2189:. Retrieved
2185:the original
2178:
2169:
2161:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2136:
2126:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:the original
2052:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2024:the original
1992:. Retrieved
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1940:the original
1930:
1920:– via
1914:. Retrieved
1908:
1883:. Retrieved
1878:
1854:. Retrieved
1829:. Retrieved
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1802:
1793:
1781:. Retrieved
1771:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:the original
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1729:the original
1719:Brad Adams.
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1688:Brad Adams.
1683:
1674:
1665:
1657:
1650:. Retrieved
1643:the original
1638:
1625:
1617:
1605:
1509:
1496:
1487:human rights
1476:
1472:
1463:child labour
1448:
1442:
1429:
1427:
1411:
1394:
1381:
1363:
1350:
1343:
1326:
1320:
1299:Burmese Army
1296:
1282:
1280:
1271:child labour
1256:
1244:
1236:Human Rights
1217:
1210:
1198:
1195:
1183:
1164:Kachin State
1156:Myitsone Dam
1133:
1122:
1114:
1091:
1056:
1052:
1040:Myanmar Army
1037:
1006:
982:
975:
967:
951:
943:
939:
932:
909:
893:
878:
863:
839:human rights
811:
774:
770:
716:
708:
696:child labour
686:
677:Barack Obama
670:
652:
638:
624:
623:
549:Human rights
548:
445:Ko Ko Hlaing
362:
339:
292:Htun Htun Oo
197:Tin Aung San
57:Constitution
26:
5229:Asia portal
5130:States with
5050:Philippines
4990:South Korea
4985:North Korea
4880:Afghanistan
4523:Agriculture
4361:Earthquakes
4222:Shan States
3392:20 November
3204:|last=
2275:20 November
2248:20 November
1916:20 November
1520:Cox’s Bazar
1208:security."
1144:Daw Bauk Ja
1140:land rights
1138:member and
1064:Arakan Army
1017:mass murder
894:The Muslim
792:coup d'état
749:Mae La camp
504:President:
477:Visa policy
238:(dissolved)
236:Legislature
5244:Categories
5110:Uzbekistan
5085:Tajikistan
5000:Kyrgyzstan
4980:Kazakhstan
4900:Bangladesh
4890:Azerbaijan
4732:Literature
4687:Censorship
4667:State Seal
4461:Parliament
4402:Corruption
4326:Ecoregions
4145:Prehistory
3757:16 January
3674:17 October
3648:17 October
3362:7 November
3336:7 November
3310:12 January
3186:16 January
3155:16 January
3129:16 January
3103:16 January
3077:16 January
3071:Abc.net.au
3051:16 January
3045:Abc.net.au
3025:16 January
2999:16 January
2973:16 January
2947:16 January
2941:Abc.net.au
2921:16 January
2892:16 January
2867:16 January
2680:. London.
2133:"Thailand"
1652:7 November
1597:References
1516:Bangladesh
1468:Chiang Mai
1444:Brad Adams
1432:report by
1263:kidnapping
1190:censorship
1086:See also:
1076:Chin State
1029:gang rapes
847:Bangladesh
735:war crimes
704:sex slaves
655:report by
647:, and the
627:under its
544:Federalism
459:in Myanmar
443:Minister:
430:Minister:
268:Opposition
192:Mya Tun Oo
94:Government
73:Chairman:
5196:Hong Kong
5150:Palestine
5075:Sri Lanka
5070:Singapore
4950:Indonesia
4757:Tattooing
4717:Festivals
4712:Etymology
4619:Languages
4594:Education
4478:President
4407:Elections
4366:Volcanoes
4341:Mountains
4294:Geography
4282:Civil war
4272:2021 coup
3930:14 August
3905:14 August
3454:29 August
3432:29 August
2512:The Hindu
2217:30 August
2191:1 January
2142:4 January
1968:4 January
1946:4 January
1783:29 August
1761:1 October
1735:4 January
1451:judiciary
1200:Irrawaddy
1158:and took
1142:activist
917:stateless
851:Christian
765:stateless
406:Townships
401:Districts
327:General:
318:elections
280:Judiciary
202:Win Shein
151:Myint Swe
100:President
75:Than Kyaw
5219:Category
5140:Abkhazia
5090:Thailand
5045:Pakistan
5025:Mongolia
5020:Maldives
5015:Malaysia
4915:Cambodia
4792:Category
4767:Weddings
4727:Folklore
4697:Clothing
4677:Calendar
4672:Capitals
4624:Religion
4444:Military
4434:Conflict
4380:Politics
4356:Wildlife
4277:Protests
4111:articles
3856:Archived
3668:BBC News
3565:Archived
3196:cite web
2861:Archived
2810:21 March
2804:BBC News
2783:Archived
2317:21 March
2271:. London
1885:26 April
1856:19 March
1586:Burma VJ
1534:See also
1524:Rohingya
1438:impunity
1339:Tatmadaw
1267:military
1232:Facebook
1170:region.
1110:U Tin Oo
1044:Tatmadaw
1021:genocide
896:Rohingya
873:Tatmadaw
757:Refugees
739:genocide
635:Overview
539:Conflict
508:(acting)
467:Passport
432:Than Swe
207:Than Swe
123:Chairman
112:(acting)
5115:Vietnam
5030:Myanmar
5010:Lebanon
4940:Georgia
4895:Bahrain
4885:Armenia
4804:Commons
4702:Cuisine
4649:Culture
4572:Society
4548:Tourism
4511:Economy
4331:Islands
4316:Climate
4306:Borders
4137:History
4107:Myanmar
3879:3 April
3835:14 July
3809:28 June
3783:31 July
3747:hrw.org
3480:19 June
3426:Reuters
3176:unv.is/
3019:Bbc.com
2993:Hrw.org
2967:Hrw.org
2857:YouTube
2755:Mizzima
2687:25 July
2661:11 June
2630:11 June
2530:Reuters
2492:29 June
2486:UN News
2463:29 July
2418:29 July
2388:29 July
2296:, 2004.
1994:14 July
1831:24 July
1809:24 July
1704:11 July
1528:Myanmar
1240:Amnesty
1230:in his
1213:Reuters
1092:A 2004
1072:Rakhine
1025:torture
989:Sagaing
970:Thandwe
818:Karenni
316:Recent
261:Speaker
249:Speaker
216:Cabinet
187:Soe Win
149:First:
136:Soe Win
5160:Taiwan
5095:Turkey
5060:Russia
4995:Kuwait
4975:Jordan
4965:Israel
4925:Cyprus
4910:Brunei
4905:Bhutan
4816:Portal
4692:Cinema
4682:Zodiac
4662:Anthem
4609:Health
4351:Rivers
4311:Cities
4109:
3502:
3272:8 July
2836:4 July
2765:1 July
2735:29 May
2709:29 May
2599:9 July
2536:9 June
2349:
2063:6 July
2033:21 May
1461:, and
1414:Unocal
1355:Labour
993:Ayadaw
855:Kachin
827:Rwanda
763:, and
737:, and
5201:Macau
5120:Yemen
5080:Syria
5055:Qatar
5035:Nepal
4970:Japan
4945:India
4935:Egypt
4920:China
4742:Music
4737:Media
4707:Dance
4629:Women
4584:Crime
4336:Lakes
4125:Burma
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