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337:(VIA) psychological assessment, which aims at measuring people's strengths in kindness: "others are just as important to me", "giving is more important than receiving", and "I care for the ungrateful as well as the grateful". Kindness, as a part of humanity, is deeply rooted in philosophical and religious traditions, each having words for the altruistic love aspect of kindness, such as
310:
410:. The CSV divides intelligence into hot and cold, hot intelligence being those intelligences related to active emotional processes. People with high social intelligence are very self-aware, and are effective organizers and leaders. Additionally, it combines elements of the other two hot intelligences, personal and
414:—personal intelligence being the internal counterpart to social intelligence and emotional intelligence being the capacity to understand emotions. The CSV highlights three social intelligence measurement scales: Factor Based Social Intelligence Tasks, Psychological Mindedness Assessment Procedure, and
398:
Social intelligence is the most recently-discerned of the three strengths associated with humanity. The
Character Strengths and Virtues (CSV) psychological assessment defines social intelligence as the ability to understand "relationships with other people, including the social relationships involved
70:
in that there is a level of altruism towards individuals included in humanity more so than in the fairness found in justice. That is, humanity, and the acts of love, altruism, and social intelligence are typically individual strengths while fairness is generally expanded to all. Humanity is one of
277:
Love, in the psychological sense, is most often studied in terms of attachment to others. A degree of controversy surrounds defining and researching love in this way, as it takes away the "mystery of love." Because love is mysterious, to an extent, it is most often studied in terms of attachment
425:
found social intelligence and perceptiveness to be integral to effective leadership; that is, good leaders are "social experts." Emotional intelligence, too, plays a role in leadership. Another study found that emotional intelligence enables leaders to better understand their followers, thereby
373:
There are numerous benefits from kindness and altruism on both sides of the action. For some, the motivation to be kind comes from a place of egoistic motivation, and thus the benefit to them is the positive affect state they receive from the action. One study found that being kind develops
273:
has many different definitions ranging from a set of purely biological and chemical processes to a religious concept. As a character strength, love is a mutual feeling between two people characterized by attachment, comfort, and generally positive feelings. It can be broken down into three
282:. In infants, attachment is studied through the Strange Situation Test. Attachment to an individual, usually the mother, is determined by how distressed the infant becomes when the mother is taken out of the experimental setting. There are several models of adult attachment including the
113:
While these theories and concepts of kindness and altruism are found within humanity, the actions of humans in general needs further study to ascertain whether or not we can apply such virtues to humanity in general or whether these ideals are only truly found in smaller numbers.
370:(NEO-PI-R) psychological assessment are often used to ask people how often they engage in altruistic behaviors and to gauge their concern for others. The former, however, only asks about 20 specific altruistic acts, leaving out a wide range of altruistic behaviors.
363:." Kindness is promoted through school community service programs and national programs like AmeriCorps. While gender differences in kindness are statistically significant, they are minimal, and the methods of testing used may not always have construct validity.
150:), is a "love of people" stating "if you want to make a stand, help others make a stand." That is, the Confucian theory of humanity exemplifies the golden rule. It is so central to Confucian thought that it appears 58 times in the
716:
Zaccaro, Stephen J.; Gilbert, Janelle A.; Theor, Kirk K.; Mumford, Michael D. (Winter 1991). "Leadership and Social
Intelligence: Linking Social Perspectiveness and Behavioral Flexibility to Leader Effectiveness".
185:
both wrote extensively on the subject of virtues, though neither wrote about "humanity" as a virtue, despite highly valuing love and kindness, two of the strengths of humanity. Plato and
Aristotle considered
274:
categories: love between a child and their parents, love for your friends, and romantic love. Having love as a strength is not about the capacity to love, but about being involved in a loving relationship.
523:
861:
Toner, E.; Haslam, N.; Robinson, J.; Williams, P. (2012). "Character strengths and wellbeing in adolescence: Structure and correlates of the Values in Action
Inventory of Strengths for Children".
297:
Negative affect states result from lacking love. One study found that children raised in an environment that did not allow children to become attached to their preferred caregivers experienced
966:
Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2013). "'As a
Shepherd Divideth his Sheep from the Goats': Does the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale Encapsulate Separable Theistic and Civility Components?".
366:
Kindness is most often measured by using an ad hoc metric, usually not as a trait. The Self-Report
Altruism Scale and the Altruism Facet Scale for Agreeableness Measure of the
462:. Even among those who endorse a spiritual/theistic worldview, these salutary associations appear to be better explained by humanity/civility rather than by faith in a
415:
930:
Schuurmans-Stekhoven, J.B. (2011). "Is it God or just the data that moves in mysterious ways? How well-being research might be mistaking faith for virtue?".
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Smyke, Anna T.; Dumitrescu, Alina; Zeanah, Charles H. (August 2002). "Attachment
Disturbances in Young Children. I: The Continuum of Caretaking Casualty".
1118:
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Dovido, John F.; Allen, David A.; Schroeder, Judith L. (August 1990). "Specificity of
Empathy-Induced Helping: Evidence for Altruistic Motivation".
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Social
Intelligence research is limited. However, there is much literature on the characteristics associated with social intelligence. Zaccaro
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in the elderly has shown to lead to decreased risk of early death, and to mental health benefits. There is a difference between altruism as a
536:
882:
Ryan, Richard M.; Deci, Edward L. (2001). "On
Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being".
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309:
681:
Zeece, Pauline Davey (18 March 2009). "Using Current Literature Selections to Nurture the Development of Kindness in Young Children".
301:. Individuals who develop securely attached have a lower likelihood of depression, high-self esteem, and less likelihood of divorce.
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333:, helpfulness and a general desire to help people: a disposition for helping humanity. The following statements are from the
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257:". Beyond that, humanity was so important in some positivist Christian cultures that it was to be capitalized like God.
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to a point of seemingly divine mastery until you are equal to, or better than, your teacher. The Confucian concept of
1967:
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Isaacowitz, D.M.; Vallant, G.E.; Seligman, M.E.P. (2003). "Strengths and satisfaction across the adult lifespan".
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states "the desire of a man is his kindness." On the topic of altruism, emphasis is placed on helping strangers (
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pro-social skills in children, which positively effects their attachments and relationships. Additionally,
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Being able to actively engage in a conversation is often considered a sign of social intelligence.
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George, Jennifer M. (2000). "Emotions and Leadership: The Role of Emotional Intelligence".
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Park, N.; Peterson, C.; Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). "Strengths of character and well-being".
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surveys and have been shown to be positively associated with psychological and subjective
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in intimacy and trust, persuasion, group membership, and political power."
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The concept of "humanity" goes back to the development of "humane" or "
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to poor children can be considered an act of altruism or generosity.
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to the Christian process of seeking God, Confucius teaches seeking
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Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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242:) and the biblical adage "it is better to give than to receive" (
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Virtue and psychology: Pursuing excellence in ordinary practices
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Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification
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Kindness, altruism, and love are all mentioned in the Bible.
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Intelligence has many psychological definitions, from
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Peterson, Christopher; Seligman, Martin E.P. (2004).
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International Journal of Aging and Human Development
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Although only a relatively new field of inquiry for
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of the visible signs of attachment seen in infants.
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290:. Generally adult attachment models focus on the
416:Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
30:"Humane" redirects here. For the 2024 film, see
592:Coit, Stanton (July 1906). "Humanity and God".
66:towards each other. Humanity differs from mere
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656:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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278:theory, because it can be studied in
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218:Abraham is a central figure in both
170:encompasses both love and altruism.
1151:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
454:have been consistently measured in
86:(with predecessors in 13th-century
34:. For the electronics company, see
25:
683:Early Childhood Education Journal
368:Revised NEO Personality Inventory
90:that stressed a concept of basic
633:10.1097/00004583-200208000-00016
433:research on humanity as a virtue
594:International Journal of Ethics
27:Virtue linked with basic ethics
1104:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
898:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
353:in Hebrew, and the Latin word
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406:to the various theories of
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288:Adult Attachment Prototypes
284:Adult Attachment Interviews
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444:psychological researchers
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758:10.1177/0018726700538001
559:Philosophy East and West
359:, the root of the word "
325:encompasses things like
136:said that humanity, or "
82:" philosophy during the
529:Oxford University Press
404:Weschler's intelligence
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98:) and the concept of
75:across all cultures.
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719:Leadership Quarterly
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438:Virtue and wellbeing
299:attachment disorders
123:Confucian philosophy
1156:Theological virtues
1059:Positive psychology
448:character strengths
386:Social intelligence
280:the way across ages
249:Humanity is one of
194:, temperance" and "
104:early modern period
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1124:Nine Noble Virtues
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129:Ren (Confucianism)
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71:six virtues that
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1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Righteousness
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
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1507:
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1499:
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1486:Nonattachment
1484:
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1479:
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1474:
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1469:
1467:
1464:
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1172:
1169:
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1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Seven virtues
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1093:Brahmavihārās
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1069:Virtue ethics
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:About virtues
1033:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
959:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
923:
915:
911:
907:
903:
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895:
891:
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880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
855:
850:
849:
845:
842:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
779:
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772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
737:
732:
728:
724:
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712:
709:
704:
700:
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692:
688:
684:
677:
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669:
665:
661:
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650:
647:
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638:
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630:
626:
622:
615:
612:
607:
603:
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576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
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483:
481:
479:
475:
469:
467:
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457:
453:
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437:
432:
431:Psychological
429:
427:
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417:
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409:
405:
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392:
385:
383:
381:
377:
371:
369:
364:
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343:
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336:
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328:
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316:
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304:
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295:
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285:
275:
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265:
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241:
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229:
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209:
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201:
197:
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184:
180:
173:
171:
168:
162:
153:
142:
141:
135:
130:
122:
117:
115:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:human dignity
89:
88:scholasticism
85:
81:
76:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
32:Humane (film)
19:
2071:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2023:
2007:
2000:
1966:
1959:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1842:
1835:
1830:Brahmacharya
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1768:
1761:
1736:
1729:
1713:
1695:
1679:
1672:
1628:Tranquillity
1578:Self-control
1548:Renunciation
1506:Philanthropy
1501:Perspicacity
1461:Magnificence
1414:Intelligence
1394:Impartiality
1383:
1314:Faithfulness
1202:Authenticity
1128:
1114:Five virtues
1091:
1084:
1064:Trait theory
1051:
971:
967:
961:
935:
931:
925:
889:
883:
866:
862:
853:
844:
824:
820:
787:
783:
774:
749:
745:
739:
722:
718:
711:
686:
682:
676:
659:
655:
649:
624:
620:
614:
597:
593:
587:
562:
558:
522:
464:supernatural
456:psychometric
451:
447:
441:
422:
420:
401:
397:
376:volunteerism
372:
365:
361:philanthropy
356:philantropia
320:
296:
287:
283:
276:
269:
248:
240:Hebrews 13:1
233:
220:Christianity
204:truthfulness
177:
132:
112:
108:human rights
94:inspired by
77:
47:linked with
40:
39:
1648:Workmanship
1538:Punctuality
1456:Magnanimity
1379:Hospitality
1329:Forgiveness
1274:Discernment
1232:Cleanliness
892:: 141–166.
752:(4): 1043.
84:Renaissance
36:Humane Inc.
2102:Categories
1961:Auctoritas
1809:Aparigraha
1788:Adhiṭṭhāna
1770:Sophrosyne
1738:Eutrapelia
1623:Temperance
1603:Solidarity
1593:Simplicity
1553:Resilience
1528:Politeness
1496:Patriotism
1476:Moderation
1349:Good faith
1339:Generosity
1299:Equanimity
1279:Discipline
1237:Compassion
725:(4): 334.
689:(5): 448.
662:(2): 249.
345:in Greek,
331:generosity
244:Acts 20:35
196:generosity
64:compassion
60:human love
49:altruistic
2009:Humanitas
1755:Phronesis
1746:Philotimo
1598:Sincerity
1563:Reverence
1431:Judgement
1419:Emotional
1409:Integrity
1399:Innocence
1354:Gratitude
1334:Frugality
1324:Foresight
1304:Etiquette
1294:Endurance
1269:Diligence
1192:Alertness
1141:Scout Law
1042:Endowment
988:255002643
952:144755003
766:145349886
703:143846116
460:wellbeing
183:Aristotle
134:Confucius
2113:Altruism
2002:Gravitas
1985:Dignitas
1731:Ataraxia
1613:Sympathy
1543:Religion
1533:Prudence
1491:Patience
1466:Meekness
1441:Kindness
1389:Humility
1384:Humanity
1319:Fidelity
1264:Courtesy
1227:Chivalry
1222:Chastity
1212:Charisma
1207:Calmness
1197:Altruism
906:11148302
804:15151189
641:12162633
327:altruism
323:kindness
305:Kindness
152:Analects
80:humanist
41:Humanity
2057:Sadaqah
2043:Ganbaru
1976:Decorum
1968:Caritas
1923:Śraddhā
1909:Shaucha
1874:Kshanti
1802:Akrodha
1657:Chinese
1558:Respect
1481:Modesty
1451:Loyalty
1436:Justice
1404:Insight
1364:Honesty
1359:Heroism
1289:Empathy
1247:Courage
1217:Charity
1130:Pāramīs
1028:Virtues
914:2889167
812:8366635
579:1396741
466:being.
452:virtues
313:Giving
228:Judaism
192:justice
188:courage
156:Similar
102:in the
68:justice
2108:Virtue
2025:Virtus
2017:Pietas
1936:Upekṣā
1929:Saddhā
1895:Prajñā
1888:Muditā
1867:Kshama
1860:Karuṇā
1823:Asteya
1816:Ārjava
1795:Ahimsa
1780:Indian
1763:Sophia
1638:Wisdom
1516:Filial
1424:Social
1369:Honour
986:
950:
912:
904:
810:
802:
764:
701:
639:
577:
535:
423:et al.
349:chesed
226:, and
52:ethics
45:virtue
18:Humane
2081:Virtù
2035:Other
1994:Fides
1953:Latin
1943:Vīrya
1902:Satya
1881:Mettā
1844:Dhṛti
1723:Arete
1715:Agape
1707:Greek
1633:Trust
1618:Taste
1511:Piety
1471:Mercy
1344:Glory
1309:Faith
1257:Moral
1252:Civil
1171:Yamas
984:S2CID
948:S2CID
910:S2CID
808:S2CID
762:S2CID
699:S2CID
575:JSTOR
470:Notes
380:trait
341:agape
224:Islam
179:Plato
43:is a
2073:Sisu
2065:Seny
2050:Giri
1916:Sevā
1837:Dāna
1674:Jing
1523:Pity
1446:Love
1374:Hope
1284:Duty
902:PMID
800:PMID
637:PMID
533:ISBN
450:and
315:alms
286:and
271:Love
266:Love
181:and
62:and
1852:Hrī
1689:Ren
1643:Wit
976:doi
972:110
940:doi
936:100
894:doi
871:doi
829:doi
792:doi
754:doi
727:doi
691:doi
664:doi
629:doi
602:doi
567:doi
253:' "
246:).
200:wit
167:Ren
161:Ren
144:" (
140:Ren
110:".
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1681:Li
1666:De
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687:36
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660:59
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635:.
625:41
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596:.
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547:^
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814:.
794::
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756::
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729::
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670:.
666::
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608:.
604::
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569::
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