856:. In 1972, 4,796 dolosse were manufactured locally; 4,795 of them are on the jetties, and one was installed outside the Eureka Chamber of Commerce. The donated dolos was slated for demolition due to sale of this property by the City of Eureka in 2022, but it was relocated to Madaket Plaza through a community effort. In 1983, 1,000 more dolosse were made at the South Spit yard and left to cure; local newspapers named the curing site "Humboldt's Stonehenge." In 1985, 450 of the dolosse were shipped 35 miles (56 km) around the bay to be placed on the North Spit. At that point, more than $ 20,000,000 had been spent in total to protect the entrance to Humboldt Bay.
845:, named South Spit and North Spit. The bay mouth was stabilized by jetties, with one jetty projecting from each spit. The South Spit jetty was built starting in 1889, but by 1890 observers realized that it had produced erosion of the North Spit and was widening the channel. The jetties are approximately 6,000 feet (1,800 m) long and 2,200 feet (670 m) apart. Recurring storm damage required rebuilding the jetties in 1911, 1927, 1932, 1939, 1950, 1957, 1963, 1971, 1988 and 1995. Entrance currents are strong, ranging from 2.0 knots average maximum ebb and 1.6 knots average maximum flood; but peak rates can be nearly twice as high.
462:. The Port of Humboldt Bay is the only port in the region that is dredged regularly to accommodate large ocean-going vessels. Despite being the only protected harbor along nearly 500 miles (800 km) of coastline, the bay's location was undiscovered or at least unreliably charted for centuries after the first arrival of European explorers to the Pacific Coast. This is partially because the bay is difficult to see from the ocean. The harbor opens to the sea through a narrow and historically treacherous passage, which was blocked from direct view because of sandbars. Formation of such sandbars is now managed by a system of
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650:, which lasted 7 to 10 days. During this ceremony, the men would leave each night to replenish supplies, leaving women, children, and elders on the island to rest. In the early morning hours of February 26, 1860, local settlers from the nearby town of Eureka descended onto Indian Island armed with firearms, clubs, knives, and hatchets. For over an hour, the group of settlers killed and mutilated every single Wiyot they could find. The majority of those murdered were women, children, and elders. The remaining survivors, including those on and off the island, were rounded up and then imprisoned at
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off channel ponds to the stream. Phase 1 improved habitat and slightly increased fish passage, but more restoration was needed. Phase 2 of restoration began by adding 4,200 feet of new estuarine channel and habitat. The estuarine channels were improved by the alignment of slough channels through the original marshes. Lastly, over 200 logs of various sizes were added to the channels and sloughs as hiding and resting areas for marine life. A year after restoration was completed,
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370:. These primary cities, together with adjoining unincorporated communities and several small towns, comprise a Humboldt Bay Area with a total population of nearly 80,000 people. This comprises nearly 60% of the population of Humboldt County. The bay is home to more than 100 plant species, 300 invertebrate species, 100 fish species, and 200 bird species. In addition, the bay and its complex system of marshes and grasses support hundreds of thousands of
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599:. Tribal members reside on two different reservations, the Table Bluff reservation and the old Table Bluff reservation, sometimes referred to as Indianola. The old reservation, roughly 20 acres, was originally purchased by a local church group to relocate homeless Wiyot in the early 1900s. While the old reservation is still in use, the tribe moved to the new Table Bluff reservation. The new reservation is roughly 88 acres.
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original deeds and lawsuits dating back to before the establishment of the city. This became known as the Eureka
Tidelands Case, or Lazio v. City of Eureka. These documents, along with copies of many historical maps as well as a series of contemporary aerial photographs and archaeological findings commissioned for the case, are included in Cal Poly Humboldt's Eureka Waterfront Litigation Collection.
1543:), another invasive species, was introduced from an adjacent property nearby. Dune restoration can be quite difficult as all of the plants, animals, and organisms have evolved and co adapted to the specialized coastal conditions. Dunes are considered to be a hostile ecosystem because of environmental conditions such as low soil fertility, summer drought, ocean spray, harsh winds, and intense
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1486:. In recent years, the coho salmon population has seen a steady decline in California. Factors such as freshwater habitat degradation, timber harvest activities, and diversion of water for agricultural and municipal purposes influenced coho salmon populations. Historically, Salmon creek consisted of tidal salt
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Southerly view of Eureka Slough (left and midsection, larger stream), Freshwater Slough (right-mid portion, larger stream); and when photo is expanded
Freshwater Creek (background and left near treeline), Ryan Slough (mid-upper top portion), Ryan Creek (furthest top midsection and barely visible when
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California historical civil engineering landmark. They were designated in 1981 as a national historical civil engineering landmark. The jetties are inspected annually by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers. In 1996, the inspection showed that 34 of the dolosse had cracked, 17 on each jetty, mostly near
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were often used by the Wiyot. Most notably, they made canoes and small houses out of the durable redwood. The average redwood canoe would measure a minimum of 18 feet long and 4 feet wide. To make the canoes, the Wiyot would fell a tree and hollow out the log with fire. Their houses would be made out
1547:. Due to these conditions, mechanical restoration is best suited for this type of project. Mechanical restoration began by the removal of European Beachgrass by hand or with shovels. Removal of European Beachgrass requires multiple visits over the course of several years due to the plants' tenacious
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in the 1900s, Salmon Creek was severely degraded. Humboldt Bay NWR acquired the land in 1988 and deemed Salmon Creek in need of restoration to improve estuarine habitats. Phase 1 of restoration began in 2006 and aimed to increase tidal connectivity, construct new tide gates, and to reconnect several
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and the size of the trees, the expedition averaged only two miles per day. The party was near starvation when they emerged on the coast, where on 20 December 1849 they discovered what is now known as
Humboldt Bay. After stocking up on food, the party walked to San Francisco to report their discovery
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The bay is approximately 14 miles (23 km) long but can be from 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide at the entrance to the widest point at 4.3 miles (6.9 km) in the North Bay. The surface area of
Humboldt Bay is 16,000 acres (65 km) of which 6,000 acres (24 km) are intertidal mudflats.
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Through grassroots fundraising, and with the help of the community and individual donors, the Wiyot Tribe was able to purchase back 1.5 acres of the historic village site of
Tuluwat on Indian Island in 2000, and in 2004, the Eureka City Council made history as they unanimously approved a resolution
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1035:, a voracious predator that is known to prey on the young of native crab species, as well as native mussels, oysters, and clams. European green crab were first documented in Humboldt Bay in 1995 and have been blamed for a decline in clam harvesting. Scientists have not found a way to control them.
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were built into the bay for easier loading of lumber shipments. Shipbuilding became part of local industry. The
Bendixson shipyards produced 120 ships on Humboldt Bay. The volume of shipping reached about 600 vessels a year by 1881. Humboldt Bay was made an official United States port of entry in
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After two years of white settlement on
Humboldt Bay, in 1852 only six ships sailed from the bay to San Francisco. But by 1853, on the same route, 143 ships loaded with lumber for markets crossed the bar. Of those, despite the best efforts of local pilots and tugs, 12 ships wrecked on the bar. In
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Dangerous sand bars and shifting currents have caused many shipwrecks at the entrance to
Humboldt Bay, particularly during the late nineteenth century. Forty-two ships were wrecked in and around the channel, most of them while under tow by a piloted tug boat. Fifty-four ships were wrecked on the
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In 1968, land ownership along the Bay became the focal point of a legal battle, when a lawsuit was filed against the City of Eureka to determine legal ownership of land along the Eureka waterfront. The litigation spanned 13 years and involved extensive historical research, including evidence of
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construction. At high tide the surface area is approximately 24 square miles (62 km), but it is 10.8 square miles (28 km) at low tide. Each tidal cycle replaces 41% of the water in
Humboldt Bay, although exchange in small channels and sloughs of the bay can take up to three weeks.
606:, Humboldt Bay, and lower Eel River. Their entire territory was only around 36 miles long and roughly 15 miles wide. Although relatively small, Wiyot territory encompassed miles of old growth redwood forests, sandy dunes, wetlands and open prairies. Due to its abundance,
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restoration project is considered to be the first of its kind on the west coast. Situated on Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, the Lanphere Dunes are home to many unique plant and animal species. Restoration efforts began in 1980 to halt the spread of invasive
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was built on the north spit. In 1872 a bell boat was added, and two years later, a steam whistle replaced the bell to assist mariners during times of dense fog. Eighty-one people drowned between 1853 and 1880 during bar crossings, including the captain of the brig
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Humboldt Bay began to form when a river valley drowned about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago during a period of rapid sea level rise. Bay sediments also contain buried salt marsh deposits showing that areas of the bay have subsided during episodic large-magnitude
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was established in 1971 to conserve and protect a diverse habitat full of mammals, migratory birds, fish, amphibians, and plants. In total, Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge is 3,000 acres including the cities and towns of Loleta, Eureka, and Arcata
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designed to serve cargo and other vessels. Several marinas also located in Greater Eureka have the capacity to serve hundreds of small to mid-size boats and pleasure craft. Beginning in the 1850s, the bay was used extensively to export
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The Wiyot name for Humboldt Bay is called Wigi. Later encounters between settlers and the Wiyot people turned violent, as the settlers encroached on traditional territories. A small group of settlers perpetrated what is known as the
466:. Contributing to the bay's isolation were features of the coastal mountain range, which extends from the ocean approximately 150 miles (240 km) inland, and the common marine layer (fog) in addition to frequent clouds or rain.
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and rear in its watershed, covering an area of 223 square miles (580 km). Coho salmon primarily rear and spawn in Elk River, Freshwater Creek, and Jacoby Creek. A recent study found that 40% of coho in the system rear in the
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Dredging of channels for shipping began in 1881; periodic dredging of the entrance and shipping channels maintains a depth of 38 to 48 feet (12 to 15 m). These cumulative changes and water action have resulted in severe
1474:, such as a river or stream, flowing into larger rivers or lakes For Humboldt Bay, Salmon Creek is the third largest tributary. Just like the name suggests, Salmon Creek has historically supported large populations of
1551:. This removal technique also allows for the native vegetation to recolonize at the same rate. The first restoration project started over 40 years ago and to date, native plant and animal communities are thriving.
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One of the 4,796 dolosse made on the South Spit for use on the south and north jetties protecting the mouth of Humboldt Bay. One dolosse was on display in front of the Eureka Chamber of Commerce, which moved in
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More than 5,000 acres (20 km) are primarily eelgrass habitat, which has been relatively constant since 1871, although more than 80% of the bay's coastal marsh habitats have been lost or fragmented by
753:, were sent to the bay from San Francisco. After considerable initial difficulty with waves breaking heavily over shifting sands of the bar crossing, the ships entered the bay in 1850. The members of the
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trained and employed by the district are authorized to bring vessels beyond a certain size into the bay, unless a ship's pilot has proper certification. The Humboldt Bay District maintains a 237-berth
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of redwood planks, forming a rectangular shape. A pitched roof would be built on top. It is estimated that there were around 98 Wiyot villages built along Humboldt Bay and the nearby river banks
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is a 4.5 miles (7.2 km)-long stretch of beach, dunes and tidal marsh that serves as a popular destination for waterfowl hunting, surf fishing, and clamming on the south spit of Humboldt Bay
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Daby, Woodley, and Tuluwat (formerly Indian) islands are in the North Bay, and all three are within the City of Eureka. Low tides reveal two more islands: Sand Island, which was formed from
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History of major developments on Humboldt Bay. in: S.C. Schlosser and R. Rasmussen, eds., Current Perspectives on the Physical and Biological Processes of Humboldt Bay, March 15, 2004
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at the bay's entrance, where approximately 188 acres (0.76 km) of Buhne Point, which had formerly visually blocked the entrance to the bay, washed away between 1854 and 1955.
894:. But because of development by residents and businesses, of the 10,000 acres (40 km) of historic intertidal marsh, only about 10% remains. Other marsh areas were lost to
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Streams and sloughs that enter into Humboldt Bay are listed north to south, clockwise, with tributaries entering nearest the bay listed first. The primary streams of major
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is the governing body of Humboldt Bay, the Port of Humboldt Bay, and the Port of Eureka. Despite the jetties and dredging, the harbor entrance remains challenging. Only
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times of bad weather, ships could be forced to remain in harbor for weeks before attempting the crossing. The first marker at the harbor entrance was placed in 1853.
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1882, a status that permitted shipping from there directly to overseas ports. In 1886, fierce storms nearly destroyed the Harbor Light, and it was replaced by the
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The unimproved state of the mouth of the bay was a crescent-shaped bar covered by a line of breaking waves. The entrance of the bay is protected by two
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people, the Lanphere Dunes were under stewardship by new landowners, William and Hortense Lanphere in the 1930s. Along with European Beachgrass,
937:, at the College of the Redwoods near the Bay, preserves and displays local native plants. Humboldt Bay is also recognized for protection by the
682:, did not discover the bay because of a combination of circumstances: the way the bay is hidden from an ocean approach, storms, and fog. Captain
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1981:
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in 1901. This reduced tidal connectivity along the eastern edge of the bay, which resulted in deterioration of large areas of marsh habitat.
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Planwest Partners Inc.; The Cultural Resources Facility Center for Indian Community Development, Humboldt State University (October 2008).
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1779:. University of California San Diego: California Sea Grant College Program Publication No. T -075. p. 246. Archived from
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California's North Coast Fishing Communities Historical Perspective and Recent Trends: Eureka Fishing Community Profile
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2439:"Importance of the stream-estuary ecotone to juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Humboldt Bay, California"
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are commercially farmed in the bay. The bay supports more than 100 species of marine and estuarine fish, including
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The U.S. Federal Government authorized funds for a lighthouse near the mouth to improve navigation. In 1856 the
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646:. Every year, around the month of February, the Wiyot people would gather for their World Renewal Ceremony on
2349:"(PHOTOS/VIDEO) DOLOS MOVED: Captain Leroy Zerlang on the Importance of Preserving Eureka's Maritime History"
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at Woodley Island, serving both recreational and commercial boats and a shipping dock located in South Bay.
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2328:. San Francisco: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. p. 54
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In the winter, the bay serves as a feeding and resting site for more than 100,000 birds. Among these are
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to return approximately 45 acres, comprising the northeastern tip of Indian Island, to the Wiyot Tribe.
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trees on Tuluwat Island, the largest of three islands, all of which are in the Eureka City limits. The
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is credited with the first recorded entry into Humboldt Bay by sea in June 1806 while employed by the
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518:. Subsequently, the Mad River cut a new outlet to the sea, and the flow of the Eel was diverted by
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1706:"Coastal Inlets Research Program: Humboldt Bay, California Entrance Channel, Report 1: Data Review"
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2379:. San Diego: California Sea Grant College Program, La Jolla CA. Publication No. T-063. p. 274
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Settlements located on or near the bay, listed clockwise from the north side of the bay entrance:
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areas east of the bay (draining a combined area of 288 square miles (746 km)) are in bold.
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The bay is a source of subsistence for a variety of salt-water fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.
354:, the second-largest enclosed bay in California, and the largest port between San Francisco and
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702:, were met with hostility by the local Indians. Winship's party named this body of water as
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About 80,000 people reside on the shore of the bay in at least 20 named settlements on the
2123:"Indian Island Massacre: A Decade of Events Leading to Genocide and Removal of the Wiyots"
1951:
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bed in the South Bay, which may be exposed at low tides, is locally known as Clam Island.
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1883:. National Oceans and Atmospheres Administration California Sea Grant Program. p. 79
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around the bay estuary. Most of these are unincorporated suburbs of the City of Eureka.
2302:. Arcata, CA: Humboldt State University Special Collections, Humboldt State University.
1970:
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attempted to find an overland route to the Pacific Ocean. They left the gold town of
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326:) is a natural bay and a multi-basin, bar-built coastal lagoon located on the rugged
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1663:. Humboldt Bay Harbor Recreation and Conservation District. May 2007. Archived from
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at the southern end of the bay, but Elk River continues to drain into Humboldt Bay.
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1599:. California Department of Health Services. March 2006. p. 87. Archived from
366:, the regional center and county seat of Humboldt County, followed by the city of
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Michael Wallace; Seth Ricker; Justin Garwood; Adam Frimodig; Stan Allen (2015).
1934:. Pacific section. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. pp. 55–57.
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conducted a survey and sampled more juvenile coho salmon than the previous year
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Marine Disasters Off The Humboldt Coastline and In The Vicinity Of Humboldt Bay
2404:. Eureka, California: Proceedings of the Humboldt Bay Symposium. pp. 32–38
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2214:"Preliminary survey of Humboldt Bay, California. U.S. Coast Survey. A.D. Bache"
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Shellfish Growing Area Classification for Humboldt Bay Technical Report # 06-11
2424:
Water Quality Control Policy for the Enclosed Bays and Estuaries of California
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119:
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Humboldt Bay Historical and Cultural Resource Characterization and Roundtable
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were added in two layers to secure the jetties, which are maintained by the
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Humboldt County coastline. Most shipwrecks occurred between 1850 and 1899.
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2653:"Salmon Creek Restoration - Humboldt Bay - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
219:
13 square miles (34 km)/25.5 square miles (66 km) (min/max tide)
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Pomeroy, Caroline; Cynthia J. Thomson; Melissa M. Stevens (August 2010).
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have been reported inside the bay, which also provides habitat for young
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who was washed overboard while crossing the bar on 18 February 1870. The
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for the 150-mile westward trek to the sea. Because of the density of the
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2553:. Arcata, California: Humboldt State University. pp. 10–34, 40–104.
588:. It is estimated that the Wiyot arrived at Humboldt Bay circa 900 A.D.
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people were the first to inhabit the Humboldt Bay region, including the
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Map of the northwestern coast of America from latitude 39° to 44°, 1848.
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Saving California's Coast: Army Engineers at Oceanside and Humboldt Bay
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mixed in. Due to over grazing, levee construction, and installation of
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offers views of the South Spit Jetty. Fishermen are often seen fishing.
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For the bay in New Guinea known as Humboldt Bay from 1827 to 1968, see
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2598:. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999.
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The history of erosion at King Salmon-Buhne Point from 1854 to 1982
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are open to fishing year-round. A protected area in the bay is the
2712:"Dune Restoration - Humboldt Bay - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
2565:"About the Refuge - Humboldt Bay - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
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In the 21st century, the bay is considered to have three regions:
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spoils left in the early 20th century, and Bird Island. A large
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Easterly view from the docks of Eureka's Woodley Island Marina.
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Periodic Inspection of Humboldt Bay Jetties, Eureka, California
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Wiyot territory is divided into three different regions: lower
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The donated dolos after it was moved to Madaket Plaza in 2022.
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operations on the West Coast, producing more than half of all
1972:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
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the South Bay, which is the remainder of the bay to the south
2000:
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language of the Great Plains. The Wiyot Tribe is located in
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Humboldt Bay Harbor, Recreation & Conservation District
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Bottin, Robert R. Jr.; William S. Appleton (August 1997).
2266:
O'Hara, Susan Pritchard; Gregory Graves (21 August 1991).
1773:
Humboldt Bay and Eel River Estuary Benthic Habitat Project
1189:(includes Hidden Valley, which is surrounded by Indianola)
2595:
Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge: Watchable Wildlife
1628:. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks
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forests, and because Gregg stopped frequently to measure
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and local shore birds. Commercially, this second-largest
2521:"Wetlands, Streams, Riparian Areas, and Watershed Areas"
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Humboldt Bay Harbor Recreation and Conservation District
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in 1850, although the map was not published until 1851.
929:, created in 1971 for the protection and management of
2426:, California State Water Resources Control Board, 1974
2677:"Status Review of Coho Salmon North of San Francisco"
2091:"Ethogeography and Archeology of the Wiyot Territory"
1931:
The late Holocene stratigraphy of the Eel River delta
1928:
Li, Wenhao (1992). Carver, G.A.; Aalto, K.R. (eds.).
1704:
Costa, Steven L.; Karen A. Glatzel (September 2002).
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Campbell Creek (partially channeled to Gannon Slough)
1855:. Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. 2009
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Humboldt Bay is the only deep water bay between the
792:is on the bay side of the North Spit, south of the
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1046:located on Table Bluff Beach in Loleta, California
536:the Entrance Bay from Samoa Bridge to South Jetty
168:Elk River; Jacoby, Freshwater, and Salmon Creeks.
2175:. Geographical Society of the Pacific. pp.
2001:"California Indian Languages: Algonquian Tribes"
1806:"Draft Transit Dev Plan Humboldt County Systems"
1658:"Humboldt Bay Management Plan Executive Summary"
1306:Janes Creek (enters the bay as McDaniels Slough)
1146:nests in these trees in large numbers each year.
690:, a major trading company. His party, including
401:facilities, including large industrial docks at
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2790:Bodies of water of Humboldt County, California
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1711:. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from
393:(also referred to as the Port of Eureka) is a
2750:Map of Humboldt Bay Region: Beaches and Dunes
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1828:"Humboldt Bay Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan"
338:, United States. It is the largest protected
8:
2201:. NOAA Coastal Services Center. p. 164.
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1130:due east of the populated Humboldt Bay area.
1016:is found in the bay, along with more common
898:for hay or pasture, and construction of the
848:In 1971 and 1984, 42 short tons (38 t)
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1735:
1733:
1286:at the northern edge of the city of Eureka.
979:are fished privately and commercially, and
725:In 1849, an expedition of seven men led by
563:The Humboldt Harbor Historical District is
514:, drained into Humboldt Bay during the mid-
438:1852 U.S. Coast Survey map of Humboldt Bay.
251:Tuluwat Island, Woodley Island, Daby Island
45:
2530:. Humboldt Bay Harbor District. April 2006
933:and bay habitats for migratory birds. The
533:the North Bay to the north of Samoa Bridge
36:
2528:Humboldt Bay Harbor Draft Management Plan
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2172:The discovery of Humboldt Bay, California
1909:. North Coast Journal, Eureka, California
1282:photo is expanded). Location is South of
666:Early explorers in the region, including
378:in California is the site of the largest
2274:. The Arthur H. Clark Company. pp.
1900:
1898:
890:around the bay have been protected with
874:
362:. The largest city adjoining the bay is
2300:Eureka Waterfront Litigation Collection
1770:Schlosser, Susan; Annie Eicher (2012).
1646:Friends of the Dunes - Cultural History
1583:
2795:Lagoons of Humboldt County, California
2681:California Department of Fish and Game
2475:. Friends of the Dunes. Archived from
1947:
1937:
1501:California Department of Fish and Game
1138:Northerly view from Woodley Island of
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2501:. Klamath Resource Information System
2116:
2114:
2098:University of California Publications
2084:
2082:
2080:
2060:Handbook of the Indians of California
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1995:
1993:
1963:
1961:
1833:. California Coastal Commission. 2012
1626:"Humboldt Harbor Historical District"
1454:Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge
1448:Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge
927:Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge
591:The Wiyot language is related to the
296:
288:
279:
7:
2057:Kroeber, Alfred Louis (1976-01-01).
939:California Bays and Estuaries Policy
676:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
88:
27:Bay on the North Coast of California
2151:"Tuluwat Project | Wiyot Tribe, CA"
861:American Society of Civil Engineers
718:, who was the founder of the first
614:The Wiyot diet consisted mainly of
293:Humboldt Harbor Historical District
2469:"Humboldt Bay: Physical Geography"
2169:Davidson, George (10 March 1891).
1312:(enters the bay as Butcher Slough)
1050:Marine mammals are represented by
859:In 1977 the jetties were named an
25:
2089:Loud, Llewellyn (December 1918).
710:, the Chamberlain of the Russian
1470:Humboldt Bay has many different
1031:The bay has been invaded by the
790:Humboldt Bay Life-Saving Station
768:Humboldt Bay was charted by the
87:
80:
62:
2785:Ports and harbors of California
2373:Tuttle, D.C. (1 January 2007).
1905:Hills, Cody (6 December 2012).
1526:). Originally inhabited by the
720:Russian colony in North America
232:
224:
214:
206:
198:
2744:Humboldt Bay Historic Findings
2398:Tuttle, D.C. (26 March 1982).
1126:at dusk, with distant view of
745:In March 1850, two ships, the
565:California Historical Landmark
283:California Historical Landmark
1:
900:Northwestern Pacific Railroad
237:40 feet (12 m) (dredged)
105:
1853:"WHSRN Humboldt Bay Complex"
1074:found immediately offshore.
854:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
757:company named the bay after
68:Aerial view of Humboldt Bay
18:Humboldt Bay (United States)
2218:David Rumsey Map Collection
2034:"History | Wiyot Tribe, CA"
1976:. Oxford University Press.
1273:Bay tributaries and sloughs
1044:Mike Thompson Wildlife Area
1012:. The federally endangered
921:Humboldt Bay and its tidal
915:Mike Thompson Wildlife Area
864:the southern seaward head.
2811:
2614:Water Education Foundation
1561:California State Route 255
770:United States Coast Survey
149:40.7537583°N 124.2152028°W
29:
1404:Willow Brook/White Slough
935:Humboldt Botanical Garden
309:
305:
75:
61:
44:
2549:Malovos, Andrew (1973).
2443:California Fish and Game
2121:Green, Rex (Fall 2002).
1968:Pritzker, Barry (2000).
1808:. PMC/HDR. December 2011
1026:Pacific staghorn sculpin
1018:three-spined stickleback
688:Russian-American Company
638:, and other small game.
422:as part of the historic
154:40.7537583; -124.2152028
2063:. Courier Corporation.
1362:Little Freshwater Creek
1128:California Coast Ranges
1042:A close up view of the
1001:coastal cutthroat trout
424:West coast lumber trade
46:
2212:Rumsey, David (1852).
1340:Washington Gulch Creek
1287:
1147:
1131:
1047:
918:
883:
838:
830:
759:Alexander von Humboldt
568:
447:
439:
386:farmed in California.
70:and the City of Eureka
2775:Lagoons of California
2739:Humboldt Bay Habitats
1567:Humboldt Harbor Light
1280:
1137:
1121:
1041:
913:
878:
836:
827:
781:Humboldt Harbor Light
562:
445:
437:
211:4.5 miles (7 km)
203:14 miles (23 km)
1606:on 14 September 2012
1461:Restoration projects
714:, and son-in-law of
391:Port of Humboldt Bay
229:11 feet (3.4 m)
2499:"KRIS Humboldt Bay"
2479:on 30 November 2012
2220:. U.S. Coast Survey
1907:"Backyard of Boats"
1670:on 24 February 2012
1523:Ammophilia arenaria
1518:European Beachgrass
1415:Little Salmon Creek
1332:Little Jacoby Creek
1060:California sea lion
1033:European green crab
803:By the 1880s, long
644:1860 Wiyot Massacre
145: /
2780:Eureka, California
2770:Bays of California
2473:Nature and Science
2353:Lost Coast Outpost
1532:Yellow Bush Lupine
1288:
1148:
1132:
1048:
919:
886:Most of the large
884:
839:
831:
672:Sebastián Vizcaíno
597:Loleta, California
569:
502:Three rivers, the
448:
440:
334:, entirely within
298:Reference no.
2288:. 978-0870622014.
2285:978-0-87062-201-4
2130:Humboldtstate.edu
2070:978-0-486-23368-0
1983:978-0-19-513877-1
1572:Table Bluff Light
1425:Harbor management
1343:Rocky Gulch Creek
1318:Fickle Hill Creek
1310:Jolly Giant Creek
1298:Mad River Slough
880:Table Bluff Beach
810:Table Bluff Light
761:, a noted German
716:Grigory Shelikhov
572:Indigenous people
452:San Francisco Bay
380:oyster production
348:San Francisco Bay
313:
312:
174:Ocean/sea sources
16:(Redirected from
2802:
2746:(Map & Text)
2726:
2725:
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2722:
2708:
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2624:
2623:
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2606:
2600:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2571:. Archived from
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2546:
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2074:
2054:
2048:
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2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1945:
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1935:
1925:
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1918:
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1634:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1588:
1358:Freshwater Creek
1140:Monterey cypress
1068:Steller sea lion
1052:harbor porpoises
896:land reclamation
684:Jonathan Winship
680:George Vancouver
662:Early settlement
175:
160:
159:
157:
156:
155:
150:
146:
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91:
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84:
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49:
37:
21:
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2211:
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2206:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2018:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1946:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1786:on 2 April 2015
1783:
1776:
1769:
1768:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1718:on June 4, 2011
1715:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1683:
1673:
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1660:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1640:
1631:
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1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1557:
1509:
1480:steelhead trout
1468:
1463:
1450:
1434:maritime pilots
1427:
1275:
1116:
1114:Bay settlements
908:
822:
708:Nikolai Rezanov
664:
574:
557:
520:tectonic uplift
489:
432:
420:forest products
395:deep water port
336:Humboldt County
285:
220:
188: countries
153:
151:
147:
144:
139:
136:
134:
132:
131:
114:
111:Humboldt County
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
92:
71:
69:
51:
35:
32:Yos Sudarso Bay
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2734:
2733:External links
2731:
2728:
2727:
2694:
2668:
2625:
2601:
2585:
2556:
2541:
2512:
2490:
2460:
2429:
2415:
2390:
2365:
2347:Goff, Andrew.
2339:
2305:
2291:
2284:
2231:
2204:
2189:
2156:
2142:
2110:
2076:
2069:
2049:
2016:
2005:CA State Parks
1989:
1982:
1957:
1920:
1894:
1866:
1844:
1819:
1797:
1729:
1681:
1649:
1638:
1617:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1513:Lanphere Dunes
1508:
1507:Lanphere Dunes
1505:
1484:chinook salmon
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:Hookton Slough
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1384:
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1379:
1376:
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1371:
1365:
1364:
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1355:
1354:
1353:
1346:Eureka Slough
1344:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:Grotzman Creek
1321:Gannon Slough
1319:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Fields Landing
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1124:Carson Mansion
1115:
1112:
1076:Leopard sharks
1014:tidewater goby
993:Chinook salmon
985:green sturgeon
977:Dungeness crab
975:is permitted.
907:
904:
821:
818:
765:of that time.
755:Laura Virginia
751:Laura Virginia
747:General Morgan
704:Bay of Resanof
663:
660:
573:
570:
556:
553:
541:
540:
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534:
488:
485:
431:
428:
411:Fields Landing
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140:124°12′54.73″W
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2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2610:"Tributaries"
2605:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2575:on 2019-09-29
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
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2053:
2050:
2039:
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2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1921:
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1458:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:Deering Creek
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:Martin Slough
1396:
1395:
1394:Swain Slough
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:Clarke Slough
1385:
1380:
1378:Second Slough
1377:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1352:Cochran Creek
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:Liscom Slough
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
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1279:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
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1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:Humboldt Hill
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
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137:40°45′13.53″N
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2719:. Retrieved
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2683:. April 2002
2680:
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2573:the original
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2477:the original
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2453:December 30,
2451:. Retrieved
2449:(4): 241–266
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2038:www.wiyot.us
2037:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
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1930:
1923:
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1876:
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1847:
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1822:
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1800:
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1781:the original
1772:
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1713:the original
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1620:
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1601:the original
1592:
1586:
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1510:
1469:
1466:Salmon Creek
1451:
1442:
1428:
1408:Salmon Creek
1407:
1389:
1381:Third Slough
1375:First Slough
1367:Ryan Slough
1357:
1336:Jacoby Creek
1335:
1289:
1156:
1149:
1049:
1030:
1022:shiner perch
970:
966:common murre
950:Caspian tern
943:
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847:
840:
814:
802:
794:World War II
785:
778:
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744:
742:of the bay.
727:Josiah Gregg
724:
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665:
656:
640:
613:
601:
590:
575:
542:
528:
501:
490:
468:
449:
388:
323:
316:Humboldt Bay
315:
314:
216:Surface area
95:Humboldt Bay
40:Humboldt Bay
2716:www.fws.gov
2657:www.fws.gov
2569:www.fws.gov
2534:14 December
2505:14 December
2483:14 December
2408:13 December
2383:13 December
1948:|work=
1790:13 December
1722:13 December
1674:13 December
1610:13 December
1476:coho salmon
1472:tributaries
1349:Fay Slough
1327:Beith Creek
1284:Highway 101
1267:Table Bluff
1245:King Salmon
1144:great egret
1064:river otter
1056:harbor seal
962:surf scoter
820:Engineering
731:Weaverville
524:Table Bluff
516:Pleistocene
497:earthquakes
352:Puget Sound
328:North Coast
256:Settlements
200:Max. length
152: /
127:Coordinates
116:North Coast
2764:Categories
2721:2020-04-30
2662:2020-04-18
2619:2020-04-18
2579:2020-05-02
2182:9 December
2043:2020-04-17
2010:2020-04-17
1887:9 December
1859:August 23,
1837:August 23,
1632:2012-10-07
1578:References
1496:tide gates
1490:with many
1370:Ryan Creek
1210:Myrtletown
1205:Freshwater
1182:Sunny Brae
1104:gastropods
1102:, various
1072:gray whale
843:sand spits
763:naturalist
593:Algonquian
494:subduction
344:West Coast
332:California
270:References
234:Max. depth
208:Max. width
120:California
2687:April 17,
2358:17 August
2332:1 January
2224:1 January
2135:April 17,
2103:April 17,
1950:ignored (
1940:cite book
1913:6 January
1812:23 August
1390:Elk River
1292:watershed
1235:Elk River
1225:Pine Hill
1220:Ridgewood
1200:Indianola
1162:Fairhaven
1094:, worms,
997:steelhead
958:cormorant
948:species,
700:sea otter
624:shellfish
604:Mad River
586:Eel River
582:Mad River
430:Geography
403:Fairhaven
372:migrating
1555:See also
1540:arboreus
1080:bat rays
1003:, which
931:wetlands
749:and the
739:latitude
706:, after
698:to hunt
696:baidarka
549:eelgrass
476:railroad
456:Coos Bay
356:Coos Bay
346:between
107:Location
1549:rhizome
1537:Lupinus
1492:sloughs
1488:marshes
1257:Hookton
1230:Bayview
1187:Bayside
1108:isopods
1092:shrimps
1066:, with
1010:estuary
981:oysters
923:sloughs
906:Ecology
888:sloughs
870:erosion
850:dolosse
805:wharves
786:Crimea,
735:redwood
620:berries
555:History
480:highway
464:jetties
384:oysters
376:estuary
342:on the
247:Islands
179:Pacific
2282:
2067:
1980:
1545:albedo
1482:, and
1438:marina
1262:Loleta
1215:Cutten
1195:Eureka
1177:Arcata
1172:Manila
964:, and
892:levees
800:base.
678:, and
628:salmon
616:acorns
545:dredge
510:, and
460:Oregon
409:, and
399:harbor
368:Arcata
364:Eureka
360:Oregon
264:Arcata
260:Eureka
50:
2524:(PDF)
2126:(PDF)
2094:(PDF)
1881:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1784:(PDF)
1777:(PDF)
1716:(PDF)
1709:(PDF)
1668:(PDF)
1661:(PDF)
1604:(PDF)
1597:(PDF)
1528:Wiyot
1167:Samoa
1088:crabs
1084:clams
1005:spawn
829:2022.
798:blimp
692:Aleut
578:Wiyot
472:levee
407:Samoa
397:with
320:Wiyot
186:Basin
54:Wiyot
2689:2020
2536:2012
2507:2012
2485:2012
2455:2017
2410:2009
2385:2012
2360:2022
2334:2013
2280:ISBN
2226:2013
2184:2012
2137:2020
2105:2020
2065:ISBN
1978:ISBN
1952:help
1915:2013
1889:2012
1861:2013
1839:2013
1814:2013
1792:2009
1724:2012
1676:2012
1612:2013
1511:The
1452:The
1106:and
1070:and
1062:and
1024:and
999:and
991:and
989:coho
946:gull
796:era
712:Tsar
632:deer
584:and
576:The
567:#882
478:and
454:and
418:and
416:logs
389:The
350:and
324:Wigi
47:Wigi
2447:101
2276:277
694:in
636:elk
522:of
512:Eel
508:Elk
504:Mad
330:of
301:882
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