245:. Covers were drawn by sending mounted men through a wood with a number of dogs of various breeds, including deerhounds, staghounds and Siberian wolfhounds, as well as smaller greyhounds and foxhounds, as they made more noise than borzoi. A beater, holding up to six dogs by leash, would enter a wooded area where wolves would have been previously sighted. Other hunters on horseback would select a place in the open where the wolf or wolves may break. Each hunter held one or two borzois, which would be slipped the moment the wolf takes flight. Once the beater sighted a wolf, he would shout "Loup! Loup! Loup!" and slip the dogs. Thea idea was to trap the wolf between the pursuing dogs and the hunters on horseback outside the wood. The borzois would pursue the wolf along with the horsemen and yapping curs. Once the wolf was caught by the borzois, the foremost rider would dismount and quickly dispatch the wolf with a knife. Occasionally, wolves are captured alive in order to better train borzoi pups.
214:
102:
Union private individuals were allowed to lease hunting territories formerly used by government sponsored clubs. Many lease owners are wealthy
Russians who are willing to spend large sums of money in order to maintain leased hunting grounds for their pleasure and sometimes to allow other hunters to use their territories for a fee. As a result, the quality and quantity of the game increased dramatically during the past 20 years in most parts of Russia. During the Soviet Union time, a single agency called "Glavohota" was granted an authority to conduct hunts for the foreign hunters. Nowadays many outfitters and booking agents organize hunting trips for the foreigners. The inevitable competition between such companies improved quality of hunts and brought down the prices which used to be extremely high.
19:
262:
paying $ 1 250 000 for over a million wolves in
Central Russia, officials became suspicious, and discovered that some hunters bought wolf pelts for low prices, cut them up and handed them to magistrates as wolf tails. In the latter years of the 19th century, Russian hunting societies began an energetic campaign against wolves. In 1897, members of the Moscow Hunting Society killed their first 1000 wolves, though the number of professional wolf hunters at the time was rather low.
389:
1721:
341:
1731:
283:'s defeat, wolf hunts resumed. With the end of the war and the onset of aerial hunting, the USSR destroyed 42,300 wolves in 1945, 62,700 wolves in 1946, 58,700 wolves in 1947, 57,600 in 1948, and 55,300 in 1949. From 1950 to 1954, an average of 50,000 wolves were killed annually. In 1966, wolves had been successfully exterminated in 30
481:, who penetrated to this area in the early 12th century, could only hunt for small groups of walruses and came to the northern part of the White Sea from time to time. The Russian walrus hunting in that region started in the early 16th century. Purposeful and mass walrus hunting was stimulated by the exploration of the Arctic
261:
for each male wolf killed and 1.5 for each cub, with a tail presented as proof. Each hunter would receive an annual salary of 60 rubles a year, provided he kill 15 adults and 30 cubs a year. Peasant hunters however were rarely rewarded, due to corrupt bureaucrats stealing the money. In 1858, after
101:
During the soviet rule, state-sponsored hunting clubs were formed within the administrative boundaries or factories. Hunting clubs based in cities were allocated hunting grounds where club members were allowed to hunt according to the federal and local regulations. Following demise of the Soviet
367:
hunters (борзятники), dog-breeders and beaters. Additionally there were cooks, grooms and drivers. Depending on the number of hounds there were big and small hunts. The first one involved forty hounds and twelve packs of three borzois each, and the second consisted of eighteen hounds and twenty
256:
sent agents to
Western Europe in order to learn how the people there dealt with wolf problems. Upon returning, the Ministry of Internal Affairs developed a plan in 1846 to deal with wolves involving the opening of wolf bounties and appointment of government hunters. Each hunter was given
309:, wolf hunts decreased in popularity. Amid public outcry, Czarist and Soviet records of wolf attacks on both livestock and people were ignored and wolf hunts decreased in number, allowing wolves to multiply. 15,900 wolves were reportedly culled from the
266:
began hunting wolves after their emancipation in 1861, though rarely with success, as civilian firearms were highly expensive, and the cheaper ones were usually primitive and unable to bare the heavy ammunition necessary to kill wolves. After the
317:
in the early 1980s. In 1984, the RSFSR had over 2000 wolf hunting brigades consisting of 15,000 hunters who killed 16 400 wolves. Overall, the Soviet Union culled over 1 500 000 wolves for a cost of 150,000,000 rubles on bounties alone. With the
363:, who personally loved the huntings for hare, there were over one hundred chasseurs who dealt particularly with wolves and foxes. The court hunt of that time embraced the chasseurs with hounds (выжлятники), their head (доезжачий),
371:
As landlords, counts and dukes had kennels, there were stables and villages with serfs, who sowed oats which was to be mixed with meat as a hound forage. Each kennel could support up to 1,000 hounds. The
213:
1141:
1301:
63:
The right of using the hunting grounds in Russia was once granted to every social class. The right of the nobility was even sometimes limited by agreements with others regarding hunting grounds. The
1552:
492:
with adjacent areas where the large walrus rookeries were concentrated. The collapse of
Russian walrus hunting happened at the first half of the 19th century, being a result of interaction of both
1090:
252:, wolf hunting was done solely by authorised firearm holders, usually police, soldiers, rich landowners or nobles. Upon learning of the frequency of attacks on livestock and humans, the
1118:
1547:
87:
clergy once disapproved the hunting, these persons were authorized to eat and feed their horses, hounds and falcons on others' account or even demand participation in hunting.
1080:
313:
in 1978, compared to 7,900 two years prior. With an increase in population, twice as many wolves were culled in the 1980s than in the prior decade. Wolves became extinct in
1557:
1486:
1167:
1562:
1496:
1152:
322:, many wolf bounties were lowered or dropped altogether. Wolf hunting continues in Russia, at the expense of individual hunters rather than the government.
1491:
1055:
1172:
1072:
1542:
1516:
1126:
1113:
1537:
1085:
1767:
60:("ловища"). In the 15th-16th centuries, foreign ambassadors were frequently invited to hunts; they also received some of the prey afterwards.
1371:
1286:
761:
711:
821:
1481:
253:
37:
1620:
1532:
1706:
529:
1696:
1686:
1630:
1318:
904:
788:
703:
648:
620:
1691:
1399:
1340:
1162:
291:. During this time, wolf depredations on humans and livestock had dropped by a factor of ten. However, with the publishing of a
1459:
1136:
1131:
1048:
434:. There were several hundred such birds in possession of Ivan IV, and even the road tax was collected in pigeons for falcons.
319:
1666:
1590:
2030:
1605:
1600:
1276:
1108:
967:
1893:
1615:
1610:
1356:
1313:
1205:
430:
used to be a hawker. Meanwhile, the use of hunting birds was already popular among
Russian nobility in the times of the
276:
1823:
1734:
376:
put an end to hunting with hounds. In 1917 there were only two hound chases in the fading
Russian Empire: Gatchina and
275:
government worked heavily to eradicate wolves and other predators during an extensive land reclamation program. During
2137:
1651:
1635:
1625:
1394:
1271:
1095:
373:
249:
873:
2147:
2142:
1843:
1760:
1724:
1572:
1281:
1237:
1230:
1210:
1147:
1041:
509:
2091:
1868:
1656:
1471:
1435:
1323:
1252:
1157:
522:
2106:
2058:
1955:
1950:
1701:
1466:
1404:
1366:
1296:
83:, etc. were permitted either on the landed properties, or on territories specified by local people. Though the
2063:
1915:
458:
2068:
2015:
1580:
1511:
1445:
1333:
1308:
1220:
1195:
1100:
751:
84:
1985:
1945:
1925:
1905:
1808:
2096:
1920:
1676:
1501:
1452:
1291:
1225:
162:
2116:
2101:
2048:
2000:
1995:
1970:
1828:
2025:
1935:
1888:
1883:
1873:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1833:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1753:
1660:
1595:
1215:
1190:
40:, while the original features of state and princely economy were farming and cattle-breeding. There was
2111:
2053:
2020:
2010:
1990:
1965:
1960:
1940:
1910:
1878:
1863:
1838:
2086:
1930:
1900:
18:
1585:
1328:
418:
360:
218:
1361:
397:
335:
136:
128:
116:
825:
1975:
1506:
1389:
1242:
346:
268:
56:) existed to designate the hunting business in general. The hunting grounds were called in turn
257:
jurisdiction to hunt in one district, with more than one for large areas. Hunters were given 3
1440:
1409:
1064:
757:
707:
699:
451:
165:
152:
144:
2005:
1681:
1671:
292:
222:
173:
49:
1476:
388:
169:
910:
800:
172:
was especially keen on bear hunting. A legend describes the miraculous salvation of Tsar
679:. Detselig Enterprises Ltd. 210, 1220 Kensington Road NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 3P5. USA.
652:
624:
1200:
515:
462:
409:
352:
314:
305:
234:
185:
180:. After 1650/51 the bear hunts of Tsars became rare. In 2007 Russia proposed to allow
2131:
1429:
1425:
485:
427:
423:
401:
296:
258:
120:
90:
The
Russian imperial hunts evolved from hunting traditions of early Russian rulers (
971:
497:
478:
470:
431:
340:
280:
272:
201:
189:
91:
76:
26:
1005:
489:
482:
207:
181:
177:
124:
846:
466:
300:
1020:
879:
52:
at the end of the 15th century. Before that the word "catchings" ("ловы",
413:
377:
64:
210:
in Russia. The best hunting time is considered to be
January–February.
493:
242:
41:
555:
455:
447:
443:
405:
364:
331:
284:
238:
226:
98:), under the influence of hunting customs of European royal courts.
72:
1745:
1033:
934:
474:
339:
310:
288:
212:
68:
767:
469:
coast and established trade relations with aboriginal people for
263:
95:
80:
1749:
1037:
968:"Russian walrus hunting: history of crisis in the 19th century"
1091:
Economy of the
Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom
698:, by Harry De Windt, Published by BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009,
454:, is dated back to the late 9th century. At that time the
1006:
Overview of
Russian State Archive documents on court hunt
44:
for food as well as sport. The word "hunting" ("охота",
1028:
997:Великокняжеская, царская и императорская охота на Руси
906:Охота с гончими как зеркало общественных трансформаций
621:"Russia to Allow Subsistence Hunting of Polar Bears"
422:
in Tsarist Russia. As indicated by English diplomat
2077:
2039:
1781:
1644:
1571:
1525:
1418:
1382:
1349:
1261:
1183:
1071:
206:The wolf is the most widespread large indigenous
909:(in Russian). Независимая Газета. Archived from
168:was present at the bear hunts at the age of 13.
756:. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises. p. 222.
735:, 1978 Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, USA.
192:banned hunting the dwindling species in 1956.
1761:
1049:
753:Wolves in Russia: Anxiety throughout the ages
675:in Will Graves, and Valerius Geist, editors.
8:
878:(in Russian). Отдых в России. Archived from
512:- a famous hunting expert of Imperial Russia
578:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
279:, wolf populations increased, though after
1768:
1754:
1746:
1302:Tractor, timber and agricultural machinery
1056:
1042:
1034:
518:- author of many hunting and fishing tales
1487:Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund
745:
743:
741:
691:
689:
687:
685:
387:
17:
1086:Industrialization in the Russian Empire
929:
927:
724:
722:
720:
542:
392:Noblewomen hunting. Taken in the 1890s.
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
898:
896:
867:
865:
404:on his hand. Particularly the name of
1563:Federal subjects by unemployment rate
799:. Wolf Song of Alaska. Archived from
791:Hunting A History of Wolves in Russia
557:Охота. Период Российского государства
550:
548:
546:
7:
1730:
643:
641:
442:The first mention of Russia-related
67:and separate persons who dealt with
1533:Natural resources of Primorsky Krai
1548:Federal subjects by GDP per capita
530:Peculiarities of the National Hunt
14:
1492:Pension and Social Insurance Fund
1173:Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
619:Erb, Christina (April 17, 2007).
36:has an old tradition in terms of
1729:
1720:
1719:
1163:Medvedev modernisation programme
673:Chapter 10: Wolf Control Methods
254:Czarist Ministry of the Interior
1460:SWIFT ban against Russian banks
1168:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
851:(in Russian). Аргументы и факты
822:"In defence of Russia's wolves"
603:История государства Российского
590:История государства Российского
400:is often depicted with a white
320:dissolution of the Soviet Union
188:, for the first time since the
119:and the coastal regions of the
48:) first appeared in the common
412:refers to the rapid spread of
217:Carcasses of hunted wolves in
123:, have the highest density of
1:
607:Московская хроника. 1584–1613
115:Russia's northeast part, the
1482:National Card Payment System
1125:Monetary reforms in Russia (
729:Chapter 8: Wolfing for Sport
1558:Federal subjects by poverty
1372:Vehicle registration plates
1287:Rolling stock manufacturers
824:. bbc.co.uk. Archived from
380:, in the Tula Governorate.
374:Emancipation reform of 1861
250:Emancipation reform of 1861
233:Wolves were hunted in both
2164:
1148:National Priority Projects
510:Leonid Pavlovich Sabaneyev
465:, landed somewhere on the
329:
199:
1715:
1158:Great Recession in Russia
1021:Hunting history of Suzdal
269:Russian Revolution (1917)
1707:Types of business entity
1538:Federal districts by GDP
935:
905:
874:
847:
649:"Wolf Hunting in Russia"
556:
141:Ursus arctos beringianus
1697:Exclusive economic zone
1687:Social entrepreneurship
1553:Federal subjects by HDI
1543:Federal subjects by GRP
1319:Pharmaceutical industry
936:Русский соколиный центр
368:borzois in five packs.
237:and Soviet Russia with
1824:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1692:Social security system
1453:Central Bank of Russia
1400:Information technology
1341:Science and technology
848:Волки: серое нашествие
609:. М.-Л., 1961., с. 111
523:A Sportsman's Sketches
393:
356:
345:Peter II and his aunt
230:
163:Grand Prince of Moscow
30:
1497:Social Insurance Fund
750:Graves, Will (2007).
459:Ohthere of Hålogaland
391:
351:, a 1900 painting by
343:
330:Further information:
216:
157:Ursus arctos lasiotus
149:Ursus arctos syriacus
21:
1081:Droughts and famines
999:. Т. 1-4, 1896-1911.
875:Под царским прицелом
605:, т. XI; Буссов, К.
461:, sailing along the
219:Kamyshinsky District
2040:States with limited
1621:Central Black Earth
903:Соловьев, Евгений.
696:Russia As I Know It
336:West Siberian Laika
326:Hunting with hounds
271:, the newly formed
166:Ivan IV Vasilyevich
137:Siberian brown bear
133:Ursus arctos arctos
129:Eurasian brown bear
117:Kamchatka Peninsula
23:The Hunters at Rest
2138:Hunting by country
1526:Regional economies
1357:Telecommunications
1314:Petroleum industry
1153:Stabilization Fund
394:
357:
347:Elizaveta Petrovna
241:by landowners and
231:
182:polar bear hunting
31:
2148:Tourism in Russia
2143:Culture of Russia
2125:
2124:
1776:Hunting in Europe
1743:
1742:
1463:
1455:
1448:
1395:Grocery retailing
1324:Chemical industry
1184:Natural resources
1105:Financial crises
1065:Economy of Russia
1029:Hunting in Russia
872:Савченко, Борис.
763:978-1-55059-332-7
733:Of Wolves and Men
712:978-1-103-19677-7
452:Northern Atlantic
359:Under Grand Duke
277:the Eastern Front
153:Ussuri brown bear
145:Syrian brown bear
38:indigenous people
34:Hunting in Russia
2155:
2078:Dependencies and
1782:Sovereign states
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1672:Russian oligarch
1573:Economic regions
1472:Federal Treasury
1458:
1451:
1443:
1231:Renewable energy
1211:Geothermal power
1058:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1004:
983:
982:
980:
979:
970:. Archived from
963:
948:
947:
945:
944:
931:
922:
921:
919:
918:
900:
891:
890:
888:
887:
869:
860:
859:
857:
856:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
818:
812:
811:
809:
808:
785:
779:
778:
776:
775:
766:. Archived from
747:
736:
731:in Barry Lopez'
726:
715:
693:
680:
677:Wolves in Russia
670:
664:
663:
661:
660:
651:. Archived from
645:
636:
635:
633:
632:
623:. Archived from
616:
610:
601:Карамзин, Н. М.
599:
593:
588:Карамзин, Н. М.
586:
580:
575:
569:
568:
566:
565:
552:
446:hunting, in the
396:Orthodox martyr
223:Volgograd Oblast
174:Alexis of Russia
85:Russian Orthodox
50:Russian language
2163:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2079:
2073:
2059:Northern Cyprus
2041:
2035:
1956:North Macedonia
1777:
1774:
1744:
1739:
1711:
1640:
1567:
1521:
1477:Moscow Exchange
1436:Account Chamber
1414:
1378:
1345:
1257:
1179:
1067:
1062:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1002:
995:Кутепов, Н. И.
992:
990:Primary sources
987:
986:
977:
975:
965:
964:
951:
942:
940:
937:
933:
932:
925:
916:
914:
907:
902:
901:
894:
885:
883:
876:
871:
870:
863:
854:
852:
849:
845:
844:
840:
831:
829:
820:
819:
815:
806:
804:
787:
786:
782:
773:
771:
764:
749:
748:
739:
727:
718:
694:
683:
671:
667:
658:
656:
647:
646:
639:
630:
628:
627:on May 14, 2007
618:
617:
613:
600:
596:
587:
583:
576:
572:
563:
561:
558:
554:
553:
544:
539:
506:
498:anthropological
440:
386:
338:
328:
295:translation of
204:
198:
176:from a bear by
170:False Dmitriy I
113:
108:
12:
11:
5:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2080:other entities
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2031:United Kingdom
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:Czech Republic
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1702:Shadow economy
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:North Caucasus
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:Federal budget
1464:
1456:
1449:
1438:
1433:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1405:Music industry
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1350:Infrastructure
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1297:Space industry
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1013:
1012:External links
1010:
1009:
1008:
1000:
991:
988:
985:
984:
966:Yurchenko, A.
949:
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516:Sergey Aksakov
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463:Kola Peninsula
439:
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410:Sokolniki Park
385:
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353:Valentin Serov
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315:Wrangel Island
306:Never Cry Wolf
200:Main article:
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186:Chukchi people
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913:on 2007-03-29
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797:Evgeni Okhtin
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28:
24:
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2069:Transnistria
1980:
1677:Homelessness
1667:Trade unions
1616:Northwestern
1611:Volga-Vyatka
1517:Billionaires
1502:Stock market
1292:Shipbuilding
1268:Engineering
1247:
1226:Oil reserves
1096:Soviet Union
1026:(in Russian)
1018:(in Russian)
1003:(in Russian)
996:
976:. Retrieved
972:the original
941:. Retrieved
939:(in Russian)
915:. Retrieved
911:the original
884:. Retrieved
880:the original
853:. Retrieved
841:
830:. Retrieved
826:the original
816:
805:. Retrieved
801:the original
796:
790:
783:
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
752:
732:
728:
695:
676:
672:
668:
657:. Retrieved
653:the original
629:. Retrieved
625:the original
614:
606:
602:
597:
589:
584:
577:
573:
562:. Retrieved
560:(in Russian)
528:
521:
479:Saami people
471:walrus ivory
450:part of the
441:
432:Golden Horde
417:
398:Saint Trifon
395:
370:
358:
344:
304:
281:Nazi Germany
247:
232:
205:
202:Wolf hunting
190:Soviet Union
161:
156:
148:
140:
132:
127:. There are
114:
100:
89:
62:
57:
53:
45:
33:
32:
27:Vasily Perov
22:
15:
2107:Isle of Man
2042:recognition
2016:Switzerland
1951:Netherlands
1636:Kaliningrad
1626:Far Eastern
1216:Natural gas
1206:Electricity
1191:Agriculture
714:, 272 pages
490:Spitsbergen
248:Before the
208:game animal
125:brown bears
2132:Categories
1986:San Marino
1946:Montenegro
1926:Luxembourg
1906:Kazakhstan
1809:Azerbaijan
1329:Metallurgy
1277:Automotive
978:2007-06-09
943:2007-06-10
917:2007-06-09
886:2007-06-09
855:2008-08-14
832:2008-04-22
807:2007-09-12
774:2009-11-01
659:2007-06-09
631:2007-06-09
564:2007-06-09
494:ecological
361:Vasili III
349:go hunting
178:Saint Sava
2097:Gibraltar
1921:Lithuania
1652:Companies
1362:Transport
1114:2014–2017
592:, т. VIII
500:factors.
467:White Sea
416:-related
301:fictional
159:), etc.
58:lovishcha
2117:Svalbard
2102:Guernsey
2049:Abkhazia
2001:Slovenia
1996:Slovakia
1971:Portugal
1829:Bulgaria
1725:Category
1631:Northern
1507:Taxation
1390:Gambling
1383:Services
1272:Aircraft
1262:Industry
504:See also
419:slobodas
414:falconry
378:Pershino
243:Cossacks
106:Big game
2026:Ukraine
1976:Romania
1936:Moldova
1894:Ireland
1889:Iceland
1884:Hungary
1874:Germany
1869:Georgia
1859:Finland
1854:Estonia
1849:Denmark
1834:Croatia
1819:Belgium
1814:Belarus
1804:Austria
1799:Armenia
1794:Andorra
1789:Albania
1735:Commons
1657:Exports
1581:Central
1441:Banking
1419:Finance
1410:Tourism
1282:Defence
1248:Hunting
1238:Fishery
1073:History
293:Russian
287:of the
285:oblasts
235:Czarist
184:by the
73:beavers
65:hawkers
42:hunting
29:. 1871.
2112:Jersey
2054:Kosovo
2021:Turkey
2011:Sweden
1991:Serbia
1981:Russia
1966:Poland
1961:Norway
1941:Monaco
1911:Latvia
1879:Greece
1864:France
1839:Cyprus
1682:Income
1253:Mining
1243:Timber
1196:Energy
760:
710:
702:
473:. The
456:Viking
448:Arctic
444:walrus
438:Walrus
406:Moscow
402:merlin
365:borzoi
332:Borzoi
273:Soviet
259:rubles
239:borzoi
227:Russia
69:hounds
46:okhota
2087:Åland
2006:Spain
1931:Malta
1901:Italy
1661:grain
1645:Other
1596:Volga
1446:Banks
537:Notes
475:Slavs
311:RSFSR
303:book
289:RSFSR
264:Serfs
96:Tsars
81:hares
1586:Ural
1367:Rail
1201:Coal
1142:2022
1137:1998
1132:1993
1127:1991
1119:2022
1109:1998
758:ISBN
708:ISBN
700:ISBN
496:and
488:and
477:and
334:and
196:Wolf
111:Bear
94:and
54:lovy
408:'s
299:'s
151:),
143:),
135:),
25:by
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
