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514:, 85 miles (137 km) south of Brownsville. The storm produced 10 feet (3.0 m) storm tides to coastal sections of Mexico and 5–10 in (130–250 mm) of rain to inland areas. The rainfalls caused moderate flooding which caused 1,000 people to evacuate and left moderate damage to homes and businesses. The rains broke an eight-month drought that was affecting inland areas of northern Mexico that was affecting the area's corn production. Along the coast, several small villages sustained significant damage from the hurricane's
990:
424:(NOAA) Research planes conducted experiments into Caroline. The experiments were to study and measure the wind velocity and the environment inside and around the eye as well as the boundary layer of the hurricane. The results of the experiments concluded that Caroline had a higher dissipation rate than normal hurricanes, with the dissipating rate averaging at 30%. This conclusion suggested that energy in a hurricane dissipating internally above the surface layer is two times higher than energy dissipating at the surface.
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412:(185 km/h) and the pressure dropping to 973 millibars (28.7 inHg). The pressure then fell to 963 millibars (28.4 inHg) before the storm made landfall 100 miles (160 km) south of Brownsville on August 31. Caroline rapidly weakened to a tropical depression twelve hours after landfall and dissipated on September 1 over northeastern Mexico.
330:
227:
with winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) shortly thereafter. After moving inland, Caroline quickly weakened and dissipated over the mountainous terrain of northeastern Mexico on
September 1. There were only two deaths from Caroline, both indirect. However, there was heavy rainfall in southern
411:
aircraft's flew into
Caroline's center on August 30, where data collected from the aircraft showed a barometric pressure reading of 987 millibars (29.1 inHg) and winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Six hours later the hurricane rapidly intensified, with winds reaching 115 mph
395:, Tropical Depression Five continued to move west at 8 mph (13 km/h) as the storm entered an area favorable for intensification. On August 29, the tropical system strengthened to a tropical storm and was named
207:, it was once again designated as a tropical depression after a well-defined circulation was observed on satellite imagery. Moving towards the west-northwest, the cyclone clipped the northern portion of the
494:
1–4 feet (0.30–1.22 m) above normal along coastal sections of southern Texas. Overall damage in southern Texas was minor, and there were two indirect fatalities due to drowning incidents in
Galveston.
969:
482:. In Brownsville, Caroline broke a record for most rainfall within a 24-hour period during the month of August. The rainfall caused minor flooding. This helped end a prolonged drought in the
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opened storm shelters. Relief and clean up organizations were notified of the upcoming threat while several local oil rigs evacuated personnel. In addition, relief squads from the
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407:. Caroline's forward speed slowed to 5 mph (8.0 km/h) while intensifying and on the same day, Caroline was upgraded to hurricane status. Before making landfall, two
376:. It crossed Cuba where it momentarily weakened back to a tropical wave. The cyclone then regained tropical depression status on August 27 as it continued westward into the
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for coastal sections of south Texas and northern Mexico on August 30. Small water craft were also advised of the deteriorating conditions. In Texas, local officials in
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356:(ITCZ). On August 18, the system turned northeast away from the ITCZ and slowed by the time it was 600 miles (970 km) northeast of
903:"Caroline is Downgraded, Mexico gets only light damage". The Galveston Daily News. United Press International. September 1, 1975.
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falling to 1,011 millibars (29.9 inHg). The disturbance then became
Tropical Depression Five as it neared northeastern
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360:. On August 22 and 23, the system changed course for the second time as it turned to the southwest. By noon on August 24,
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showed the disturbance establishing a closed area of circulation with winds reaching 25 mph (40 km/h) and the
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began. Early on August 31, Caroline reached its peak intensity with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), before
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478:. The storm also dropped heavy rain the southern portion of the state, as much as 11.93 in (303 mm) in
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215:. Caroline was upgraded to a tropical storm on August 29 in the central Gulf of Mexico before
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Due to
Caroline's compact size, sustained winds only reached 48 mph (77 km/h) in
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and second hurricane of the season, Caroline developed on August 24 north of the
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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46:
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515:
490:, one of the busiest weekends for tourism on the island. Caroline also produced
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on August 15 and rapidly moved westward at 17 mph (27 km/h) along the
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468:
116:
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403:. By that time the storm was only 400 miles (640 km) east-southeast of
220:
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373:
349:
837:. The Daytona Beach News-Journal. Associated Press. August 30, 1975
498:
In Mexico, coastal residents evacuated to storm shelters south of
448:
as a tropical depression though its effects, if any, are unknown.
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382:
239:
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due to land interaction. However, upon emergence into the western
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369:
148:
1988:
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671:"Preliminary Report Hurricane Caroline August 24 - September 1"
574:"Preliminary Report Hurricane Caroline August 24 - September 1"
502:. Elsewhere, 300 residents were evacuated to storm shelters in
228:
Texas and Mexico, including almost 12 in (300 mm) at
510:. In northeast Mexico, 150 residents evacuated to shelters in
637:
10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<1297:TTMOHC>2.0.CO;2
609:"The Turbulent Microstructure of Hurricane Caroline (1975)"
268:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
263:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
336:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
288:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
283:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
788:. The Nashua Telegraph. Associated Press. August 30, 1975
725:
10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<0453:AHSO>2.0.CO;2
278:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
199:. The system crossed Cuba and briefly degenerated into a
273:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
835:"Caroline Aims Below Texas; Area Under Hurricane Watch"
677:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1975
486:. It canceled most of the Labor Day holiday season for
878:"Texas Weather Last Year Seems 'Practically Normal'"
754:"Tropical Storm Caroline in Gulf, Heading for Texas"
293:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
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786:"Hurricane Caroline Perils Mexican Coast and Texas"
144:
136:
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110:
102:
79:
71:
63:
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857:"Hurricane Caroline - August 26-September 2, 1975"
387:Eye of Hurricane Caroline from Hurricane Hunters
584:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
422:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
943:Movie of a reconnaissance flight into Caroline
1313:
963:
622:(10). American Meteorological Society: 1297.
8:
39:
2617:1975 natural disasters in the United States
1207:
1202:
829:
827:
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710:(4). American Meteorological Society: 453.
391:After brushing the northeastern tip of the
1996:
1985:
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451:The National Hurricane Center issued a
30:For other storms of the same name, see
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1106:
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807:"Hurricane Caroline Drifts Near Texas"
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921:. Associated Press. September 1, 1975
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187:to affect northern Mexico during the
27:Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1975
7:
1075:
1070:
1219:
1214:
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697:"Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1975"
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1142:
440:Caroline brushed the southeastern
25:
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884:. Associated Press. March 2, 1976
467:in case the storm made landfall.
436:Storm total rainfall for Caroline
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2597:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
2592:1975 Atlantic hurricane season
1329:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
980:1975 Atlantic hurricane season
919:The Daytona Beach News-Journal
855:David M. Roth (July 6, 2009).
758:The Daytona Beach News-Journal
354:Intertropical Convergence Zone
189:1975 Atlantic hurricane season
172:1975 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
2607:Atlantic hurricanes in Mexico
1267:
1262:
444:and made landfall in eastern
32:List of storms named Caroline
106:115 mph (185 km/h)
859:. Weather Prediction Center
607:Francis J. Mercert (1976).
506:55 miles (89 km) from
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811:United Press International
81:Category 3 major hurricane
29:
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1995:
1984:
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1335:
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986:
978:Tropical cyclones of the
675:National Hurricane Center
579:National Hurricane Center
401:National Hurricane Center
348:exited the west coast of
167:
155:
86:
44:
18:Hurricane Caroline (1975)
2571:Tropical cyclones portal
1535:"Bahamas–North Carolina"
809:. The Pittsburgh Press.
544:List of Texas hurricanes
536:Tropical cyclones portal
151:, Northern Mexico, Texas
51:Caroline before landfall
695:Paul J. Hebert (1976).
428:Preparations and impact
704:Monthly Weather Review
616:Monthly Weather Review
437:
388:
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236:Meteorological history
58:Meteorological history
1388:"Southeastern States"
915:"Caroline Downgraded"
882:The Victoria Advocate
435:
386:
334:Extratropical cyclone
243:
217:rapid intensification
1482:"Cuba–South Florida"
255:Saffir–Simpson scale
211:before entering the
111:Lowest pressure
2602:Hurricanes in Texas
1648:"Florida Panhandle"
1382:"Middle Gulf Shore"
716:1976MWRv..104..453H
628:1976MWRv..104.1297M
366:barometric pressure
324:Subtropical cyclone
41:
1642:"Greater Antilles"
1630:"Great Charleston"
488:South Padre Island
476:Brownsville, Texas
461:American Red Cross
438:
405:Brownsville, Texas
389:
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225:Brownsville, Texas
197:Dominican Republic
181:Hurricane Caroline
103:Highest winds
88:1-minute sustained
40:Hurricane Caroline
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1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1559:"Texas–Louisiana"
1464:"Central Florida"
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813:. August 30, 1975
764:. August 29, 1975
484:Rio Grande Valley
393:Yucatán Peninsula
372:and southeastern
362:satellite imagery
209:Yucatán Peninsula
185:tropical cyclones
178:
177:
75:September 1, 1975
16:(Redirected from
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1784:"Virgin Islands"
1500:"Great Beaufort"
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183:was one of two
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132:Overall effects
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67:August 24, 1975
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28:
23:
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2612:1975 in Mexico
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1884:"Mid-Atlantic"
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1872:"Cuba–Bahamas"
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1707:"Florida Keys"
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1849:"Nova Scotia"
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1837:"Nova Scotia"
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1458:"Nova Scotia"
1456:
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1452:"Santa Juana"
1450:
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1417:"New England"
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1411:"San Narciso"
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1358:"San Agapito"
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346:tropical wave
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2178:
1990:1950–present
1772:"Charleston"
1766:"Gulf Coast"
1731:"Grand Isle"
1660:"Cedar Keys"
1606:"Martinique"
1476:"San Felipe"
1440:"San Marcos"
923:. Retrieved
918:
909:
898:
886:. Retrieved
881:
872:
861:. Retrieved
850:
839:. Retrieved
815:. Retrieved
801:
790:. Retrieved
766:. Retrieved
757:
748:
737:. Retrieved
707:
703:
690:
679:. Retrieved
674:
649:. Retrieved
619:
615:
588:. Retrieved
577:
512:San Fernando
497:
473:
450:
439:
419:
396:
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343:
303:
253:
191:. The third
180:
179:
170:
169:Part of the
87:
36:
1925:"Matagorda"
1843:"Louisiana"
1796:"Louisiana"
1725:"Monterrey"
1654:"San RamĂłn"
1612:"San Roque"
1577:"Louisiana"
1523:"Pensacola"
1506:"Louisiana"
1470:"Indianola"
516:storm surge
492:storm tides
480:Port Isabel
465:South Texas
416:Experiments
358:Puerto Rico
230:Port Isabel
193:named storm
2586:Categories
1737:"Key West"
1618:"New York"
925:2014-02-26
863:2013-01-05
841:2014-02-26
817:2013-02-26
792:2014-02-09
768:2014-02-26
739:2007-03-20
681:2007-03-20
651:2007-03-19
590:2014-03-03
555:References
508:Santa Rosa
469:Neil Frank
304:Storm type
140:2 indirect
137:Fatalities
72:Dissipated
2132:Francelia
1919:"Florida"
1754:"Jamaica"
1719:"Velasco"
1689:"Jamaica"
1583:"San Gil"
1376:"Coastal"
1341:1851–1949
1209:Seventeen
734:1520-0493
646:1520-0493
463:moved to
223:south of
2561:Category
2499:Humberto
2179:Caroline
2037:Florence
1878:Thirteen
1287:Category
1245:Nineteen
1233:Eighteen
1077:Caroline
522:See also
397:Caroline
298:Unknown
221:landfall
2516:Epsilon
2493:Ophelia
2463:Edouard
2451:Michael
2362:Isidore
2344:Alberto
2309:Isidore
2291:Roxanne
2285:Marilyn
2214:Frances
2197:Frances
2025:Charlie
1943:"Texas"
1913:"Texas"
1197:Sixteen
1185:Fifteen
1041:Blanche
888:4 March
712:Bibcode
624:Bibcode
500:Tampico
442:Bahamas
399:by the
374:Bahamas
248:Map key
157:IBTrACS
2536:(2021)
2530:(2021)
2524:(2020)
2518:(2020)
2501:(2019)
2495:(2017)
2489:(2017)
2483:(2016)
2477:(2016)
2475:Gaston
2471:(2015)
2465:(2014)
2459:(2012)
2453:(2012)
2447:(2011)
2441:(2011)
2435:(2010)
2418:(2009)
2412:(2008)
2410:Bertha
2406:(2006)
2404:Helene
2400:(2006)
2398:Gordon
2394:(2005)
2388:(2005)
2382:(2004)
2380:Jeanne
2376:(2004)
2370:(2003)
2364:(2002)
2358:(2001)
2352:(2001)
2346:(2000)
2329:(1998)
2327:Bonnie
2323:(1997)
2317:(1996)
2311:(1996)
2305:(1996)
2299:(1996)
2297:Bertha
2293:(1995)
2287:(1995)
2281:(1993)
2275:(1991)
2269:(1990)
2267:Gustav
2252:(1987)
2246:(1985)
2240:(1985)
2234:(1983)
2232:Alicia
2228:(1981)
2222:(1981)
2216:(1980)
2199:(1976)
2193:(1976)
2187:(1975)
2185:Eloise
2181:(1975)
2175:(1974)
2169:(1973)
2163:(1970)
2146:(1969)
2140:(1969)
2134:(1969)
2128:(1969)
2126:Debbie
2122:(1966)
2116:(1966)
2110:(1964)
2108:Isbell
2104:(1963)
2102:Beulah
2098:(1963)
2096:Arlene
2092:(1960)
2075:(1959)
2073:Hannah
2069:(1957)
2067:Audrey
2063:(1956)
2057:(1955)
2051:(1954)
2045:(1954)
2039:(1953)
2033:(1953)
2027:(1952)
2021:(1950)
2015:(1950)
2009:(1950)
1969:(1949)
1963:(1948)
1957:(1948)
1951:(1947)
1945:(1945)
1939:(1944)
1933:(1943)
1927:(1942)
1921:(1941)
1915:(1941)
1898:(1938)
1892:(1937)
1886:(1936)
1880:(1934)
1874:(1933)
1868:(1930)
1851:(1927)
1845:(1926)
1839:(1926)
1833:(1924)
1827:(1923)
1821:(1922)
1815:(1921)
1798:(1918)
1792:(1917)
1786:(1916)
1780:(1916)
1778:Eleven
1774:(1916)
1768:(1916)
1762:(1915)
1756:(1912)
1739:(1909)
1733:(1909)
1727:(1909)
1721:(1909)
1715:(1908)
1709:(1906)
1703:(1906)
1697:(1905)
1691:(1903)
1685:(1900)
1668:(1896)
1662:(1896)
1656:(1896)
1650:(1894)
1644:(1894)
1638:(1894)
1632:(1893)
1626:(1893)
1620:(1893)
1614:(1893)
1608:(1891)
1602:(1890)
1585:(1888)
1579:(1888)
1573:(1887)
1567:(1887)
1561:(1886)
1555:(1886)
1549:(1886)
1547:"Cuba"
1543:(1884)
1537:(1883)
1531:(1883)
1525:(1882)
1508:(1879)
1502:(1879)
1496:(1878)
1490:(1877)
1484:(1876)
1478:(1876)
1472:(1875)
1466:(1873)
1460:(1873)
1454:(1871)
1448:(1871)
1442:(1870)
1436:(1870)
1419:(1869)
1413:(1867)
1396:(1859)
1390:(1856)
1384:(1855)
1378:(1854)
1372:(1853)
1366:(1852)
1360:(1851)
1257:Twenty
1221:Hallie
1173:Gladys
1149:Eloise
1137:Eleven
732:
644:
586:. 1975
350:Africa
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
64:Formed
2534:Larry
2528:Grace
2509:2020s
2469:Danny
2457:Sandy
2439:Irene
2426:2010s
2386:Maria
2356:Felix
2337:2000s
2321:Erika
2279:Emily
2260:1990s
2250:Emily
2238:Elena
2226:Irene
2220:Floyd
2207:1980s
2191:Belle
2173:Becky
2167:Ellen
2154:1970s
2138:Gerda
2120:Faith
2090:Ethel
2083:1960s
2061:Betsy
2055:Hilda
2043:Carol
2000:1950s
1906:1940s
1859:1930s
1831:Three
1813:Three
1806:1920s
1790:Three
1760:Three
1747:1910s
1676:1900s
1636:Three
1600:Three
1593:1890s
1571:Seven
1553:Seven
1516:1880s
1446:Three
1427:1870s
1404:1860s
1351:1850s
1101:Eight
1089:Doris
1029:Three
700:(PDF)
612:(PDF)
92:SSHWS
2522:Zeta
2481:Otto
2445:Rina
2433:Karl
2416:Fred
2392:Beta
2374:Alex
2368:Kate
2350:Erin
2315:Lili
2303:Fran
2244:Kate
2161:Ella
2144:Inga
2114:Alma
2049:Edna
2031:Edna
2013:Easy
2007:Able
1967:Four
1955:Able
1949:Love
1937:Four
1931:Four
1896:Four
1825:Five
1695:Four
1666:Five
1488:Four
1434:Four
1370:Four
1161:Faye
1113:Nine
1053:Five
890:2014
730:ISSN
642:ISSN
446:Cuba
420:Two
370:Cuba
149:Cuba
125:inHg
117:mbar
115:963
2487:Lee
2273:Bob
2019:Jig
1961:Fox
1890:Six
1866:One
1819:Two
1713:Six
1683:Two
1565:Six
1541:Two
1529:Two
1494:Ten
1394:Six
1269:Two
1125:Ten
1065:Six
1017:Amy
1005:One
720:doi
708:104
632:doi
620:104
121:hPa
96:NWS
2588::
1264:SS
1252:TD
1240:TD
1228:TD
1216:TS
1204:TD
1192:TD
1180:TD
1132:TD
1120:TD
1108:TD
1096:TD
1060:TD
1048:TD
1024:TD
1012:TS
1000:TD
917:.
880:.
826:^
777:^
760:.
756:.
728:.
718:.
706:.
702:.
673:.
660:^
640:.
630:.
618:.
614:.
599:^
582:.
576:.
563:^
518:.
380:.
344:A
232:.
1321:e
1314:t
1307:v
1168:4
1156:1
1144:3
1084:2
1072:3
1036:1
971:e
964:t
957:v
928:.
892:.
866:.
844:.
820:.
795:.
771:.
742:.
722::
714::
684:.
654:.
634::
626::
593:.
119:(
98:)
94:/
90:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.