437:
anticipated extratropical transition within 36 hours as it accelerated northeastward near the Azores. However, four computer models predicted an alternate scenario, and forecaster Stacy
Stewart stated such transition would only occur "barring any southward motion over warmer water that would prolong both the lifetime of Epsilon and the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season." As it continued northeastward, the storm separated from upper-level low it was previously beneath. After a decrease in convection, the thunderstorm activity again increased over the center, and there were more banding features. Despite moving over slightly cooler water temperatures, Epsilon attained hurricane status late on December 2, following the development of a well-defined eye 29 miles (46 km) in diameter. A few hours after reaching hurricane status, the NHC thought Epsilon reached peak winds, as the storm was about to move over cooler water temperatures. Additionally, the hurricane was expected to stall near the Azores, in contrast to the original forecast of continued acceleration to the northeast. On December 3 it turned due eastward, still maintaining an eye, modest amounts of convection, and outflow. Despite moving into an area of cooler waters and generally unfavorable atmospheric conditions, Epsilon retained its hurricane status; the only entity supporting its intensity was its warm upper-level temperature. By late on December 3, its presentation was described as "remarkably well-organized for a hurricane at high latitude in December... embedded in a strong upper-level westerly wind environment and moving over water."
452:; such cyclones, more often found in the deep tropics with greater intensity, have circular eyes, surrounded by a nearly uniform ring of convection and a general lack of thunderstorms outside the ring. For several days, the intensity fluctuated in a narrow range, and although Epsilon was briefly downgraded to tropical storm status on December 4, the NHC assessed it as remaining a hurricane. After it was thought to have weakened, the eye became more symmetric as the ring of convection became stronger. The hurricane remained difficult to forecast, as NHC forecaster Lixion Avila remarked, "There are no clear reasons... and I am not going to make one up... to explain the recent strengthening of Epsilon." By late on December 4, the NHC was no longer anticipating extratropical transition, after a front passed north of the storm and there was no interaction. At 0600 UTC on December 5, the hurricane's appearance generated 4.7 on the
421:(105 km/h), although the intensity of the thunderstorms diminished. Initially Epsilon was predicted to continue westward and eventually turn to the north and northeast. Instead, it turned toward the southwest and executed a cyclonic loop; the unexpected motion caused larger than normal errors in the extended track forecast. As it moved to the south, the storm crossed over an area of warmer water temperatures, and the NHC remarked that "just a modest increase in convection needed to make Epsilon a hurricane." At the time, forecasters assessed the winds in Epsilon to be around 70 mph (115 km/h), although in a post-season re-analysis it was found to have been 10 mph (15 km/h) weaker. Late on November 30, Epsilon made its closest approach to Bermuda, passing about 645 miles (1045 km) east-southeast of the island.
464:
done repeatedly in its duration. However, late on
December 7, an approaching trough began increasing wind shear over the system, displacing the convection from the center and causing the eye to dissipate. After maintaining hurricane status for five days, Epsilon weakened to tropical storm status about 920 mi (1480 km) southwest of the Azores. Once weakened to a tropical storm, Epsilon began rapidly deteriorating. On December 8, it was downgraded to a tropical depression as the convection had totally dissipated. The NHC issued their final advisory on Epsilon at 1500 UTC that day, after the cyclone consisted of a tight swirl of low clouds with no convection. On issuing the last advisory,
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217:, a ring of intense convection, and had few fluctuations in its intensity. On December 5 Epsilon attained peak winds of 85 mph (140 km/h), and the next day it turned to the south and southwest. Late on December 7, the winds dropped below hurricane status for the first time in five days, making Epsilon the longest-lasting December hurricane on record. Stronger wind shear caused rapid weakening, and the storm could no longer be classified as a
456:, a system used to estimate intensity from satellite imagery. This was the highest rating during Epsilon's duration, and suggested winds of 85 mph (140 km/h), its peak intensity. Around that time, the hurricane began a turn to the east-southeast, as the ridge to its north built behind the passage of a cold front. Despite the cold water temperatures and unfavorable strong upper-level winds, Epsilon maintained its intensity, and the
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On
December 6 the hurricane turned to the south and southwest. As it did so, Epsilon passed beneath a mid-level trough that sheltered it from the wind shear. After weakening during the evening, the convection redeveloped around the large and distinct eye in the daytime, a process Epsilon had
381:
noted. It moved slowly westward, becoming better organized, and by late that day resembled a subtropical cyclone; however, as it was still connected to the cold front, it could not have been classified as such. Early on
November 29, an area of deep convection developed and organized over the
420:
improved at the same time. By
November 30, the NHC anticipated extratropical transition to occur within two days, although some strengthening was still expected. That day, there was an increase in convection over the center of a ragged eye-feature. The winds briefly increased to 65 mph
436:
Tropical Storm
Epsilon began its motion to the east and northeast on December 1, due to an approaching trough. Its structure became that of a "shallow hybrid-type tropical cyclone", and an eye-feature again developed within the convection. At the time, the NHC and several computer models
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Epsilon persisted into
December, extending the 2005 season beyond its stated November 30 end date. On December 1, it began a northeast motion due to an approaching trough, and the next day it attained hurricane status. After turning to the east, it developed characteristics of an
221:
late on
December 8. The next day the remnant circulation of Epsilon dissipated. Since Epsilon stayed well out to sea and never approached land, no warnings or watches were issued. No ships reported tropical storm force winds from Epsilon and there were no damages or fatalities.
204:
within five days, due to conditions unfavorable for significant intensification. Epsilon continually defied forecasts, at first due to an unexpected loop to the southwest, and later due to retaining its strength despite cold waters and strong wind shear.
472:. Late on December 8, Epsilon transitioned into a remnant low pressure area. The remnant circulation elongated in advance of a frontal zone, and it dissipated late on December 9. The front absorbed the remnants the next day.
195:
beneath an upper-level low, Epsilon formed on
November 29 about 915 mi (1470 km) east of Bermuda, becoming the second tropical storm to do so in that area of the Atlantic within the span of a week. Initially, the
1822:
377:, or thunderstorm activity, was sparse and poorly organized. The NHC introduced the system in its tropical weather outlook on November 28, with the possibility of subtropical or tropical
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45 mi (72 km) in diameter. In the first advisory on
Epsilon, the NHC forecast steady strengthening to near hurricane status due to marginally favorable conditions, followed by
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surface center when it was about 915 mi (1470 km) east of Bermuda. The NHC accordingly assessed the system as developing into a tropical storm, designating it with the
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Epsilon moved westward after its development, steered by a ridge to its north. Initially, Epsilon was embedded beneath an upper-level low that provided an area of low
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369:(NHC) specialist Eric Blake stated, "blocking at high latitudes seems to favor another subtropical cyclone effort." The blocking referred to a
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Epsilon is one of only four Atlantic storms since 1851 that have attained hurricane status in December, along with an unnamed storm in
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feature briefly developed in the center of the convection, although the thunderstorms waned late on November 28 due to restricted
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Epsilon established a record formation date for the season's 27th tropical or subtropical storm, a mark that stood until 2020, when
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remarked, "I hope this is the end of the long lasting 2005 hurricane season." There was ultimately one more tropical storm –
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stretching across the northern Atlantic. The surface storm gradually separated from the frontal zone, but initially its
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on November 29, about nine hours after it actually developed. By that time, the convection had wrapped into a
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transition within five days; an alternate possibility was Epsilon being absorbed by a larger extratropical storm.
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Chris Landsea; Craig Anderson; William Bredemeyer; Cristina Carrasco; Noel Charles; et al. (August 2011).
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Epsilon maintained hurricane status for five days, longer than any other Atlantic hurricane in December.
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extended eastward from the surface storm toward the eastern Atlantic Ocean, north of
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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1320:(Report). Miami, Florida: Hurricane Research Division, National Hurricane Center
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460:(GFDL) model predicted it would remain a hurricane for nearly three days.
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389:. Operationally, the NHC did not initiate advisories until 1500
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As it continued eastward, Epsilon developed characteristics of an
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Hurricane Epsilon shortly after peak intensity on December 5
187:
storm and the final of 15 hurricanes in the record-breaking
335:
1804:
1351:
390:
1318:
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT
258:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
253:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
326:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
278:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
273:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
268:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
1020:
Knaff, John A.; Kossin, J.P.; DeMaria; M. (April 2003).
263:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
40:
Epsilon shortly after peak intensity on December 5
1211:"Tropical Depression Epsilon Discussion Thirty-Seven"
577:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
283:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
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643:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
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1232:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
200:(NHC) forecast the storm to transition into an
545:Timeline of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
1816:
1363:
8:
1379:Atlantic tropical cyclones in the off-season
345:, about 1150 mi (1850 km) east of
28:
1297:. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
1189:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Thirty-Three"
570:Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes
2099:
2094:
1823:
1809:
1801:
1370:
1356:
1348:
1123:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Twenty-Five"
1057:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Twenty"
890:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Twelve"
361:anticipated the possible development of a
334:On November 27, a surface storm with
155:
34:
27:
1167:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Thirty-Two"
1101:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Twenty-Two"
1079:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Twenty-One"
846:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Eight"
638:Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Epsilon
1291:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Number 14"
978:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Seventeen"
868:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Nine"
817:
815:
799:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Five"
777:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Four"
1000:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Eighteen"
934:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Fourteen"
912:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Thirteen"
824:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Six"
755:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion Two"
733:"Tropical Storm Epsilon Discussion One"
726:
724:
556:
365:, and although they were inconsistent,
956:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Sixteen"
631:
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627:
625:
623:
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617:
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613:
540:List of Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
535:List of off-season Atlantic hurricanes
2301:Off-season Atlantic tropical cyclones
1984:
1979:
1936:
1931:
1145:"Hurricane Epsilon Discussion Thirty"
636:James L. Franklin (January 7, 2006).
611:
609:
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605:
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597:
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458:Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
16:Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2005
7:
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2003:
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1900:
1343:NHC's archive on Hurricane Epsilon
1289:Stacy Stewart (December 2, 2005).
428:Hurricane Epsilon viewed from the
338:-force winds developed beneath an
14:
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2046:
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2022:
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1248:
1099:James L. Franklin (2005-12-04).
1055:James L. Franklin (2005-12-04).
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416:. However, banding features and
359:tropical cyclone forecast models
318:
308:
298:
1035:American Meteorological Society
2296:Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
2291:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
1833:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
566:"Hurricane Season Information"
189:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
168:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
1269:"Tropical Weather Discussion"
664:"Tropical Weather Discussion"
179:was the twenty-seventh named
1187:Richard Knabb (2005-12-07).
1143:Richard Knabb (2005-12-06).
954:Richard Pasch (2005-12-03).
932:Stacy Stewart (2005-12-02).
910:Stacy Stewart (2005-12-02).
888:Richard Knabb (2005-12-02).
866:Stacy Stewart (2005-12-01).
844:Richard Knabb (2005-12-01).
822:Stacy Stewart (2005-11-30).
797:Stacy Stewart (2005-11-29).
753:Stacy Stewart (2005-11-28).
731:Stacy Stewart (2005-11-28).
684:Richard Pasch (2005-11-28).
564:Dorst, Neal (June 1, 2018).
213:, meaning it had a circular
19:For the 2020 hurricane, see
1271:. National Hurricane Center
1267:Gladys Rubio (2005-12-10).
1213:. National Hurricane Center
1209:Lixion Avila (2005-12-08).
1191:. National Hurricane Center
1169:. National Hurricane Center
1165:Lixion Avila (2005-12-07).
1147:. National Hurricane Center
1125:. National Hurricane Center
1121:Lixion Avila (2005-12-05).
1103:. National Hurricane Center
1081:. National Hurricane Center
1077:Lixion Avila (2005-12-04).
1059:. National Hurricane Center
1002:. National Hurricane Center
998:Lixion Avila (2005-12-03).
980:. National Hurricane Center
976:Lixion Avila (2005-12-03).
958:. National Hurricane Center
936:. National Hurricane Center
914:. National Hurricane Center
892:. National Hurricane Center
870:. National Hurricane Center
848:. National Hurricane Center
826:. National Hurricane Center
801:. National Hurricane Center
779:. National Hurricane Center
775:Lixion Avila (2005-11-29).
757:. National Hurricane Center
735:. National Hurricane Center
710:. National Hurricane Center
688:. National Hurricane Center
666:. National Hurricane Center
430:International Space Station
105:85 mph (140 km/h)
2322:
1234:(Database). United States
708:"Tropical Weather Outlook"
686:"Tropical Weather Outlook"
18:
2306:Tropical cyclones in 2005
2260:
1861:
1852:
1839:
1831:Tropical cyclones of the
1236:National Hurricane Center
706:Jack Beven (2005-11-28).
662:Eric Blake (2005-11-27).
530:Tropical cyclones in 2005
367:National Hurricane Center
198:National Hurricane Center
163:
151:
85:
33:
522:Tropical cyclones portal
21:Hurricane Epsilon (2020)
1030:Weather and Forecasting
445:
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226:Meteorological history
47:Meteorological history
485:formed on October 25.
443:
427:
324:Extratropical cyclone
233:
202:extratropical cyclone
191:. Originating from a
408:and instability. An
355:Tropical Storm Delta
245:Saffir–Simpson scale
110:Lowest pressure
80:Category 1 hurricane
1022:"Annular Hurricane"
363:subtropical cyclone
314:Subtropical cyclone
30:
1037:. pp. 204–223
572:. Miami, Florida:
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432:on December 3
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102:Highest winds
87:1-minute sustained
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450:annular hurricane
349:. At the time, a
343:low pressure area
211:annular hurricane
177:Hurricane Epsilon
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74:December 10, 2005
56:November 29, 2005
29:Hurricane Epsilon
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1434:"Amanda" (1863)
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1668:Peter (2003)
1627:Karen (1989)
1586:Alpha (1972)
1561:Irene (1953)
1556:Alice (1953)
1398:1779 (first)
1322:. Retrieved
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:nhc.noaa.gov
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384:Greek letter
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165:Part of the
86:
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1739:Alex (2016)
1693:Olga (2007)
1673:Otto (2004)
1653:Olga (2001)
1622:Lili (1984)
1576:Alma (1970)
1546:Able (1951)
379:development
340:upper-level
185:subtropical
62:Remnant low
2285:Categories
2149:Twenty-two
1785:Ana (2021)
1734:Ana (2015)
1703:One (2009)
1658:Ana (2003)
1632:One (1992)
1607:One (1976)
1551:One (1952)
1324:October 5,
1301:October 5,
1275:2010-12-15
1217:2010-12-15
1195:2010-12-15
1173:2010-12-15
1151:2010-12-15
1129:2010-12-15
1107:2010-12-15
1085:2011-11-21
1063:2010-12-15
1041:2010-12-14
1006:2010-12-14
984:2010-12-14
962:2010-12-14
940:2010-12-13
918:2010-12-13
896:2010-12-13
874:2010-12-13
852:2010-12-13
830:2010-12-13
805:2010-12-13
783:2010-12-13
761:2010-12-13
739:2010-12-13
714:2010-12-12
692:2010-12-12
670:2010-12-12
647:October 5,
582:October 5,
551:References
406:wind shear
375:convection
351:cold front
294:Storm type
193:cold front
136:Fatalities
71:Dissipated
1459:1887 (19)
1454:1887 (18)
2270:Category
2101:Nineteen
2077:Philippe
1938:Franklin
1844:Timeline
1530:1948 (1)
1525:1940 (1)
1520:1938 (1)
1515:1936 (1)
1510:1934 (1)
1505:1933 (1)
1500:1932 (1)
1495:1916 (1)
1490:1908 (2)
1485:1908 (1)
1469:1890 (1)
1464:1889 (1)
1449:1887 (2)
1444:1887 (1)
1439:1865 (1)
1386:Pre-1850
508:See also
500:in 1984.
410:eye-like
288:Unknown
181:tropical
2240:Epsilon
2178:history
2125:Unnamed
2065:Ophelia
2015:history
2010:Katrina
1912:history
1595:1975–99
1539:1950–74
1478:1900–49
1427:1850–99
476:Records
418:outflow
387:Epsilon
347:Bermuda
238:Map key
153:IBTrACS
1962:Harvey
1907:Dennis
1871:Arlene
414:inflow
286:
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256:
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144:Damage
53:Formed
2228:Delta
2216:Gamma
2192:Alpha
2173:Wilma
2161:Vince
2137:Tammy
2041:Maria
1974:Irene
1926:Emily
1895:Cindy
1768:2020s
1712:2010s
1646:2000s
1025:(PDF)
641:(PDF)
494:Alice
371:ridge
91:SSHWS
2252:Zeta
2204:Beta
2113:Stan
2089:Rita
2053:Nate
1998:Jose
1950:Gert
1883:Bret
1418:1825
1413:1822
1408:1794
1393:1771
1326:2020
1303:2020
1244:2024
649:2020
584:2020
574:NOAA
498:Lili
490:1887
470:Zeta
395:ring
336:gale
147:None
139:None
124:inHg
116:mbar
114:981
2029:Lee
1986:Ten
391:UTC
215:eye
183:or
120:hPa
95:NWS
2287::
2247:TS
2223:TS
2211:TS
2187:TS
2144:SD
2132:TS
2120:SS
2096:TD
2024:TS
1993:TS
1981:TD
1957:TS
1945:TS
1933:TS
1878:TS
1866:TS
1293:.
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2017:)
2013:(
2005:5
1969:2
1921:5
1914:)
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118:(
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