694:: Mugi Gong is the weapons training portion of Hwa Rang Do. Various techniques and forms using weapons are taught including Ssang Jeol Bong (nunchaku), Jang Bong (long staff), and the Jang Geom (sword). Defense against other weapons, such as the knife (Dan Geom), short stick (Dan Bong), and cane are taught, but training with those weapons does not occur until black sash ranks. Traditionally, there are 20 different weapon categories that are taught at the master levels whose methods can be expanded out to include 108 traditional weapons. To keep up with their skills in weapons, there are also various sparring programs that students can use to test their skills. These include situational awareness defense drills, traditional Asian sword sparring (Gumtoogi) and Asian stick sparring (Bongtoogi).
688:: Oe Gong is the physical part of the martial art where one takes what one has cultivated through Nae Gong practices and applies them. Oe Gong is divided into 21 areas of focus, including long and short forms, basic striking techniques, kicking test, and various self-defense techniques including defense against grabs and holds, defense against kicks, joint locks, throws, sweeps, and open handed defenses against various types of weapons. In addition to these, practitioners of Hwa Rang Do take advantage of the various sparring systems to truly test their skills in a dynamic and non-staged environment. These systems include sport-like point sparring system, situational awareness defense drills, full round semi-full contact sparring (Yongtoogi), and ground fighting with throws (Gotoogi).
440:(Courageous Fighting Skill: 용투기; 勇鬪技). Yongtoogi was initially introduced in 2012 and has become the standard for all Hwa Rang Do color sash and black sash sparring. Yongtoogi consist of full round, semi-contact sparring, with kickboxing, throws, and ground submissions. Also in 2011, the World Hwa Rang Do Association applied for 501c3 not-for-profit tax status. “Our desire to expand our humanitarian work around the globe led to the change,” said Grandmaster Taejoon Lee, President of the World Hwa Rang Do Association. Many of the members of WHRDA participate in public self-defense clinics, humanitarian organizations like the Peace Corp, as well as other independent humanitarian missions both locally and internationally to help with this cause.
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Taejoon Lee was also involved with expanding Hwa Rang Do in college clubs throughout southern
California by establishing the Intercollegiate Hwarang Society. This sub-group of the World Hwa Rang Do Association was in operation from the mid-1980s to the early to mid-1990s. Their main focus was to introduce college students to Hwa Rang Do and foster a sense of community and brotherhood within a college environment. Towards the early to mid 1990s, other universities in the US used the Intercollegiate Hwarang Society as a model to set up their own college clubs, especially where black sashes were either going to school or were employed as professors, with the same goals as the Intercollegiate Hwarang Society.
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applications one can use. At one point, there were 9 ranks of color sashes, but with the inclusion of Tae Soo Do, much of the material that was in the first two sashes were similar to Tae Soo Do, so advancements through those ranks were removed. Students are still required to learn the material, but the information is now part of the training at Yellow Sash. Depending on the student, training at this level can take 7–12 years before a student can become a Cho Dan (First degree Black Sash). The color sash rank system includes:
700:: Sin Gong involves developing control over the human mind by cultivating focus and concentration, awareness of both yourself and others, and personal character development within the Hwarang honor systems. In addition to coming to a deeper understanding of Hwa Rang Do's Maeng Se, there are traditionally 13 sub-categories of Sin Gong which include learning basic Asian emergency medical practices, methods of hermitage, methods of concealment as well as studying Asian models of psychology and philosophy.
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388:(Way of the Warrior Spirit: 태수도; 太手道). Students who learn Tae Soo Do learn the basic fundamentals of kicking and punching. They are also introduced to beginner level sweeps, throws, and ground fighting. A black belt in Tae Soo Do has the same level of quality as a black belt in other martial arts including Tae Kwon Do and Karate. Once a student has a Black belt, they receive an honorary Yellow sash in the color ranks of Hwa Rang Do.
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a year, the World Hwa Rang Do
Association host the Hwa Rang Do World Tournaments which coincides with their World Conferences each summer. The format and divisions for tournaments are determined by WHRDA with many different options for competition. Students are not required to compete in all divisions, but they are encouraged to participate in as much as possible. Tournament divisions include:
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352:(1950–1978), were fundamental with Hwa Rang Do's involvement with the US Army Rangers and Special Forces, thus bringing additional credibility to Hwa Rang Do's martial art training. In addition, because of what was being offered within Hwa Rang Do, many martial artists during this time became interested in what the art had to offer. Notable names included
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entity separate from their involvement with the
Hapkido community (earlier versions of their school's name included Hwarang-Kwon and Hwarang-Hapkido) and they continued with their Hwarang teachings. In 1969, Joo Sang Lee moved to the United States to start a school and in 1972, Joo Bang Lee followed, taking the World Headquarters of Hwa Rang Do with him.
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schools were opening up in countries like Italy, the
Netherlands, and Germany. Because of the amount of travel, Henry Taejoon Lee was involved in much of these developments making trips to Europe to help with the growth and development there. Today, Italy is one of the largest centers of Hwa Rang Do in the world with over a dozen Academies and clubs.
413:(검투기; 劍鬪技): Gumtoogi is a sword sparring program similar to Korean Kumdo, but with leg strikes and spin attacks. Students who participate in Gumtoogi use similar equipment that they use in Kumdo, but with additional armor added to protect the legs. Both long sword (Juk-do) and twin swords (ssang kum) are used within competition.
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Students in Hwa Rang Do and Tae Soo Do have the opportunity to compete in tournaments throughout the year. In the United States, tournaments are performed by academies and are hosted on a local and state level. There are also regional and national tournaments in the US and in other countries. Once
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In the 1990s, Hwa Rang Do schools, while continuing to grow in the United States and the South-East
Pacific, began to expand throughout Europe. Because of the demonstrations presented by the Lee family in Europe through the 1980s as well as students who had been traveling to train with Joo Bang Lee,
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in what is now South Korea. These young men known as
Hwarang (화랑; 花郎) were cultivated from a young age to fill significant roles in politics, civil service, and military duties. These individuals were selected exclusively from the royal family and aristocracy and led members of the broader public who
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Joo Bang Lee has stated that if you learn to cause harm, you must also learn how to heal. Hwa Rang Do also offers training in
Traditional Asian Medicine through its World Headquarters. Whether an individual club or academy offers such training though depends on the Head Instructor and whether they
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When a student moves into the Black Sash ranks, they dive deeper into the material they have learned up to this point and there is a stronger emphasis on weapons training, meditation practices, and specialized skill sets in various area of training. The material at each sash at this point can vary
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Each Sash consist of an open hand long form, basic attack techniques, a set of defensive techniques, kicking test, short forms, and sparring methods, which will include full round semi-contact sparring, submission grappling, and weapons sparring with blades and sticks. There are also weapons forms
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Nae Gong involves specific meditation practices that help with relaxation, building power, and increasing one's physical performance of the art. These meditation methods are divided into both passive (Eum) and active (Yang) methods. These meditative practices are seen as ways for practitioners to
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Once a student has graduated the Tae Soo Do program, they receive their black belt and begin the color sash ranks in Hwa Rang Do. Once a student begins their training in Hwa Rang Do, the focus of the training shifts to provide a deeper understanding of the material and show a greater diversity of
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Through the 1970s and 1980s, Hwa Rang Do grew throughout
California and the adjacent states as well as making its mark on the international martial art scene. Both Joo Bang Lee and Joo Sang Lee performed in expo style demonstrations in the south west United States, particularity in California and
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Through the study of both the martial and healing skills in Hwa Rang Do, a practitioner will have an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the human body. This will not only help in a self-defense situation, but will also help the practitioner to understand and appreciate the value of
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In the 1980s into the early 1990s, Hwa Rang Do continued to grow in the United States as well as the South-East
Pacific. Joo Bang Lee's sons, Henry Taejoon Lee and Eric Taehyun Lee moved into the spotlight by performing at martial art expos and demonstrations throughout the US and Europe. Henry
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Each Belt consists of an open hand long form, basic attack techniques, kicking test, sets of defensive techniques, weapons forms at Yellow Belt, Blue Belt, and Half-Black Belt, as well as sparring methods which include a sport-like point sparring program and a ground fighting grappling program.
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Within the Tae Soo Do program, practitioners will have belts to mark their progression in the art. The belt system in Tae Soo Do consists of 9 ranks, each with its own curriculum. Training at this level can take 3–5 years before a student receives their black belt and students work to not only
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Unlike many other martial arts, Hwa Rang Do, with the Tae Soo Do introductory program, has three levels of training. Each level has its own curriculum and belt ranking system. With this structure, a student will receive a black belt upon graduating into the next tier of training (excluding the
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The passive meditation practices are developed to help practitioners focus the mind, cultivate stillness, and help relax the body. These practices are similar to Korean
Buddhist and Taoist meditation practices, which include 5 different postures or mantras to represent the 5 elements in Taoist
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In 1968, Suahm Dosa died and left the title of "Do Ju" to Joo Bang Lee, as well as designating him as the 58th successive holder of this title. The two brothers then took all their martial arts knowledge and generated the Hwa Rang Do syllabus. They established the name "Hwa Rang Do" as its own
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in the Three Kingdoms period. This code included loyalty to one's Lord, piety to your parents, trust among friends, courage in battle, and discrimination in killing. Because of the changes in political structures in both Korea and the Americas, Joo Bang Lee updated the English translation to
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Depending on the school, Hwa Rang Do academies and clubs will either stay truer to the traditional aspects of the art, focusing more on the core material and traditional self-defense or they will embrace the expanded application programs and work to grow their skills within a competitive sport
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that was developed in the 1960s by Joo Bang Lee and his brother Joo Sang Lee. It has multiple areas of focus, including stand-up fighting with open-hand striking, weapons, throws and takedowns; ground fighting; various types of meditative practices; intellectual and character development; and
423:(봉투기; 棒鬪技): Bongtoogi is a stick sparring program that allows students to learn how to fight with both long staff (Jang Bong) and double mid-sticks (ssang bong) within a competitive setting. Students who train in Bongtoogi use the same uniforms and armor as students who train in Gumtoogi.
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environment. Many clubs and academies, however, look to find a balance between the two. WHRDA has continued its development of the sports applications by improving the quality of the Gotoogi, Gumtoogi, and Bongtoogi programs as well as introducing an advanced sparring program called
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Hwa Rang Do, in addition to its martial practices also includes various types of traditional Korean meditation practices that have various functions as well as introductory training in Asian Medicine. The meditation methods are divided into active (Yang) and passive (Um) practices.
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at a young age. In 1942, their father worked out a deal with a monk who was locally known as Suahm Dosa to educate his sons in traditional Korean cultural training. Suahm Dosa claimed to practice within a tradition that had its roots with the ancient Hwarang, which he called
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Within the martial systems known as Mu Sul, a practitioner will learn various forms, techniques, and sparring methods. They will also learn meditation methods and mental-character development. The core traditional Mu Sul practices are divided into four categories:
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Hwa Rang Do, in addition to its martial training, teaches moral principles with the belief that those who receive martial arts training must also be taught to use their skills responsibly. The foundation of Hwa Rang Do's code of ethics is the Hwa Rang Do Maeng Se
1017:). In addition, every degree of black sash has its own title and has its respective knowledge level with curriculum. Note: Ninth and tenth degrees black sashes are honorary positions and there can only ever be one of each at any one time within the organization.
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In 2005, Henry Taejoon Lee headed operations to expand and grow the application programs within Hwa Rang Do to keep their students competitive with the larger martial art community and to expand their understanding of the many aspects of the core material.
327:. They continued their training with Choi through the 1950s and became registered Hapkido instructors in Seoul in the early 1960s. It was also around 1960 when the Lee brothers became involved with Suh In-Hyuk, who is the founder of
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The active meditation practices are developed to help practitioners build physical strength, flexibility, and intensity in focus through isometric practices. Within the curriculum, there are 7 different methods used.
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It was also in 1990 that the World Hwa Rang Do Association introduced an introductory program to help new students learn and develop their skills in a more sport-like atmosphere. The program was named
296:(음양권; 陰陽拳). (Note that "Dosa" is actually his title, not his name. It is roughly equivalent to "hermit sage expert".) Both Joo Bang Lee and his brother Joo Sang Lee trained with Suahm Dosa at the
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Depending on the strengths of the instructors at the academies, certain programs will have a larger emphasis than others. However, these programs are standard with all WHRDA licensed academies.
304:, before the breakout of the Korean War and they had to flee south to avoid the communist military. The Lee family relocated to Seoul and Suahm Dosa, according to the Lee family, relocated to
403:(고투기; 固鬪技): Gotoogi is a grappling program that was introduced to teach students fundamentals of ground fighting, opponent control, throws and takedowns, and lockouts in a competitive setting.
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develop an understanding of the fundamentals in the martial program, but they actively train to apply what they learn through various application methods. These belt ranks include:
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The modern martial art of Hwa Rang Do was founded by two Korean brothers, Joo Bang Lee and Joo Sang Lee, who started their martial art training with their father who taught them
315:. Being too far away to continue their training, they began to be involved with the local martial art communities in the area. There, they met a martial artist named
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Ceballos, Fernando: "Decathlon of Hwa Rang Do: New Form of Stand-Up Competition is the Final Element Needed to Elevate All-Around Martial Arts Skill!"
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Echanis, Michael (2010). Complete Michael D. Echanis Collection: Special Tactics for Knife and Stick Combat. Los Angeles: Black Belt Books.
331:. Their involvement with Suh In-Hyuk ended in the mid-'60s and the Lee brothers continued to work within the Hapkido community until 1968.
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In addition to the Maeng Se, the Mul Sul practices of Hwa Rang Do follow what is known as the Seven Principles of Training. They are:
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The Lee brothers continued their training with Suahm Dosa when they could until around 1950 when their family moved further south to
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Lee, Peter H. (1996). Sources of Korean Tradition, Vol. 1: From Early Times Through the 16th Century. Columbia University Press.
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There is also weapons sparring available to Tae Soo Do students, but this is optional depending on the school and academy.
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As Hwa Rang Do moved into the 1990s and the new millennium, the younger generation began to make its mark on the art.
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All rules and regulations are presented in the Hwa Rang Do M.A.S.T.E.R. Rules, Gotoogi Rules, and the Shibum Rules.
348:” and “Unknown Powers”. Notably, Hwa Rang Do students who trained under the Lee brothers like Vietnam veteran
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The martial art of Hwa Rang Do was named after a buddhist elite youth order of the Silla kingdom during the
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are certified to teach such practices. The healing skills in Hwa Rang Do are divided into 6 categories:
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reflect modern society. In addition to these five rules, he developed the Gyo Hun to support the O Gye.
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greatly, but will at least consist of an open hand long form and various sets of defensive techniques.
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Tenth degree black sash (Sip Dan). Title: Do Ju Nim (Supreme Grandmaster, Keeper of the Way, Honorary)
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human life and this type of understanding is crucial to the further development of their character.
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were described as Nangdo (Rang-do: 낭도; 郎徒). This group through various names lasted through the
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Sixth degree black sash. Title: Gwan Jang Nim or Do Sa Nim, or Dosa (Different types of Masters)
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The Power of Ki! It's Real and You Can Develop It Says Hwarang-do Grandmaster Joo Bang Lee
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is rooted in the ancient warrior code originally developed by a Buddhist monk known as
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After receiving a black sash, a practitioner earns the title Jo Gyo Nim (assistant
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Ninth degree black sash (Gu Dan). Title: Guk Seon Nim (Head Grandmaster, Honorary)
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Eighth degree black sash. Title: Guk Sa Nim or Chong Gwan Jang Nim (Grandmaster)
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Fourth degree black sash. Title: Suseok Sa Beom Nim (Head/ Chief Instructor)
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Seventh degree black sash. Title: Suseok Gwan Jang Nim (Head/ Chief Master)
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1183:"Hwa Rang Do Founder Joo Bang Lee on the History of Korean Martial Arts"
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Second degree black sash. Title: Gyo Sa Nim (Junior Instructor/ Teacher)
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break past their perceived limitations and perform extraordinary feats!
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at Yellow sash, Blue Sash, and Half-Black sash as it is in Tae Soo Do.
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First degree black sash. Title: Jo Gyo Nim (Assistant Instructor)
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The five rules and nine philosophical principles of Hwa Rang Do.
1475:"Hwa Rang Do Color Sashes | World Hwa Rang Do® Association"
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1500:"Hwa Rang Do Dan Degrees | World Hwa Rang Do® Association"
1450:"Tae Soo Do Color Belts | World Hwa Rang Do® Association"
1425:"Principles of Training | World Hwa Rang Do® Association"
1315:"Principles of the Art | World Hwa Rang Do® Association"
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Third degree black sash. Title: Sa Beom Nim (Main Instructor)
1241:"Graciela Casillas: Pioneer of Womens Full Contact Fighting"
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Hwa Rang Do Yongtoogi (full round, semi-contact) Sparring
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1371:"World Hwa Rang Do Association on Becoming a Non-Profit"
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Fifth degree black sash. Title: Gwan Jang Nim (Master)
1259:"Martial Arts In The 1980s - Hwa Rang Do® Golden Age"
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Meditative and healing practices: Ki Gong and In Sul
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323:and who is recognized as the father of modern
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1283:"ITALY | World Hwa Rang Do® Association"
540:Justice never to take a life without a cause
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344:Arizona, as well as on TV shows including “
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1396:"The Original Flower Boys: Hwarang-do 화랑도"
547:Gyo Hun: 교훈 (Nine Virtues of Hwa Rang Do)
1131:Chim Gu Sul – Acupuncture and Moxibustion
1078:Gotoogi Position and Submission Grappling
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1081:Gumtoogi and Bongtoogi Weapons Sparring
474:O Gye: 오계 (Five Rules of Hwa Rang Do)
1525:"M.A.S.T.E.R.S. Rules and Regulations"
897:Half-black sash: Il Geup (first grade)
879:Yellow Sash: Chil Geup (seventh grade)
861:Half-black Belt: Il Geup (first grade)
843:Yellow Belt: Chil Geup (seventh grade)
507:Loyalty to one's parents and teachers
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709:Black Sash Ranks in the upper tier).
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840:Orange Belt: Pal Geup (eighth grade)
518:Trust and brotherhood among friends
1549:"Go Too Gi Rules and Requirements"
1199:Lee, Taejoon (2005). Hwa Rang Do:
1181:Jung, Hyung Min (March 21, 2011).
891:Brown Sash: Sam Geup (third grade)
882:Green Sash: Yuk Geup (sixth grade)
855:Brown Belt: Sam Geup (third grade)
846:Green Belt: Yuk Geup (sixth grade)
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1203:. Los Angeles: Black Belt Books.
1084:Shibum Free Form Demo Competition
888:Blue Sash: Sa Geup (fourth grade)
885:Purple Sash: O Geup (fifth grade)
852:Blue Belt: Sa Geup (fourth grade)
849:Purple Belt: O Geup (fifth grade)
837:White Belt: Mu Geup (ninth grade)
704:Curriculum: belt/sash rank system
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1134:Yak Bang Beop – Herbal Medicine
1101:Active meditation: Yang Ki Gong
894:Red Sash: I Geup (second grade)
858:Red Belt: I Geup (second grade)
665:Martial system overview: Mu Sul
1110:Passive meditation: Um Ki Gong
372:Time of change and development
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870:Hwa Rang Do Color Sash Ranks:
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634:Seven principles of training
1137:Jeop Gol Sul – Bone Setting
670:Four categories of training
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679:Nae Gong (internal power):
279:Founding of the modern art
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1201:Defend, Take Down, Submit
1072:Tae Soo Do Point Sparring
713:Color belts & sashes
692:Mugi Gong (weapons power)
660:Humility (Lack of vanity)
496:Loyalty to one's country
482:Rules in Korean (Hangul)
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1140:Hwal Beop – Special Aids
686:Oe Gong (external power)
537:살생유택: Sal Saeng Yu Taek
1128:Ji Ap Sul – Acupressure
1119:Healing methods: In Sul
698:Sin Gong (mental power)
1875:Sib Pal Gi Association
828:Tae Soo Do Belt Ranks:
654:Conservation of Energy
645:Patience and Endurance
321:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
112:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1598:Lee, Henry Taejoon: "
657:Respect and Obedience
648:Sincerity in Practice
526:임전무퇴: Im Jeon Mu Toe
493:사군이충: Sa Gun I Chung
339:Early days in America
264:Three-Kingdoms period
1814:Korean swordsmanship
1683:Hapki Kochido Musool
504:사친이효: Sa Chin I Hyo
449:Hwa Rang Do Maeng Se
421:Stick Fighting Skill
411:Blade Fighting Skill
401:Solid Fighting Skill
319:, a practitioner of
184:Revised Romanization
1972:Korean martial arts
1916:Kwan (martial arts)
1852:Hybrid martial arts
1804:Korean fighting fan
1657:Korean martial arts
1604:Black Belt Magazine
1358:Black Belt Magazine
1340:"Gumtoogi Homepage"
1245:Black belt magazine
1187:Black Belt Magazine
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101:Korean martial arts
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1622:- Official Website
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515:교우이신: Gyo U I Sin
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346:That's Incredible!
27:Korean martial art
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1229:978-0-89750-197-2
1209:978-0-89750-147-7
1170:978-0-23110-567-5
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256:Main article:
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110:Um-Yang Kwon,
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1406:on 2016-12-12
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460:Hwarang O Gye
457:
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136:
128:
126:Olympic sport
124:
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117:
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109:
107:Ancestor arts
105:
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81:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
19:
1941:Song Deok-gi
1870:Kyeok Sul Do
1865:Kuk Sool Won
1859:
1809:Korean sword
1791:Melee weapon
1741:Moo Duk Kwan
1603:
1602:" p. 20-25,
1594:
1583:. Retrieved
1579:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1552:
1543:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1506:. 2013-05-22
1503:
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1481:. 2013-05-22
1478:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1456:. 2013-05-22
1453:
1444:
1433:. Retrieved
1431:. 2013-05-22
1428:
1419:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:the original
1399:
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1377:. 2013-05-22
1374:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1321:. 2013-05-22
1318:
1291:. Retrieved
1289:. 2013-05-22
1286:
1277:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1200:
1195:
1176:
1160:
1146:
1122:
1115:philosophy.
1113:
1104:
1095:
1087:
1060:
1051:
1012:
1008:
1007:
900:
873:
869:
868:
864:
831:
827:
826:
707:
697:
696:
691:
690:
685:
684:
678:
677:
673:
637:
485:Translation
469:
452:
437:
434:
426:
420:
416:
410:
406:
400:
396:
390:
382:
378:
375:
366:
342:
333:
329:Kuk Sool Won
310:
294:Um-Yang Kwon
293:
282:
261:
212:
211:
90:Joo Bang Lee
1860:Hwa Rang Do
1781:Yun Mu Kwan
1776:Tang Soo Do
1751:Soo Bahk Do
1731:Kong Soo Do
1688:Hapki yusul
240:martial art
229::
219::
213:Hwa Rang Do
138:Hwa Rang Do
31:Hwa Rang Do
1936:Sesok-ogye
1771:Tae Soo Do
1585:2016-12-08
1558:2016-12-08
1534:2016-12-08
1510:2016-12-08
1485:2016-12-08
1460:2016-12-08
1435:2016-12-08
1410:2016-12-04
1381:2016-12-08
1325:2016-12-08
1293:2016-12-08
1152:References
1015:instructor
444:Philosophy
386:Tae Soo Do
97:Parenthood
18:Hwarang-do
1931:Muyesinbo
1766:Taekwondo
1736:Kyokushin
1665:Grappling
742:Chil Geup
616:충: Chung
603:Goodness
579:Courtesy
563:Humanity
438:Yongtoogi
417:Bongtoogi
298:Sogwangsa
275:dynasty.
204:Hwarangdo
190:Hwarangdo
44:Grappling
1966:Category
1951:Wae Gong
1946:Ssaurabi
1926:Muyejebo
1824:Simgumdo
1799:Hankumdo
1761:Taekkyon
1726:Gwonbeop
1703:Yongmudo
1269:Archived
1267:. 2007.
983:Chil Dan
790:Sam Geup
754:Yuk Geup
730:Pal Geup
627:Courage
624:용: Yong
619:Loyalty
608:덕: Deok
600:선: Seon
571:Justice
555:English
407:Gumtoogi
58:Hardness
40:Striking
1885:Sunmudo
1842:Gakgung
1746:Simmudo
1698:Ssireum
1678:Hapkido
1264:YouTube
995:Pal Dan
971:Yuk Dan
935:Sam Dan
911:Cho Dan
814:Il Geup
778:Sa Geup
718:Mu Geup
611:Virtue
592:신: Sin
587:Wisdom
397:Gotoogi
325:Hapkido
258:Hwarang
247:History
86:Creator
48:Weapons
1911:Hyeong
1906:Dojang
1894:Others
1227:
1207:
1168:
947:Sa Dan
802:I Geup
766:O Geup
595:Trust
584:지: Ji
576:예: Ye
568:의: Ui
560:인: In
362:Karate
273:Joseon
237:Korean
225:;
217:Korean
144:Hangul
77:
52:Hybrid
1901:Dobok
1880:Sundo
1819:Kumdo
1756:Subak
1576:(PDF)
959:O Dan
923:I Dan
651:Speed
358:Kempo
313:Daegu
289:Kumdo
269:Koryŏ
227:Hanja
160:Hanja
120:Kumdo
80:Korea
36:Focus
1225:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1166:ISBN
512:Sam
287:and
285:Judo
116:Yudo
523:Sa
490:Il
232:花郞道
222:화랑도
151:화랑도
1968::
1578:.
1551:.
1527:.
1502:.
1477:.
1452:.
1427:.
1398:.
1373:.
1342:.
1317:.
1302:^
1285:.
1261:.
1243:.
1216:^
1185:.
534:O
501:I
456:맹세
419::
409::
399::
308:.
129:No
118:,
114:,
50:,
46:,
42:,
1649:e
1642:t
1635:v
1588:.
1561:.
1537:.
1513:.
1488:.
1463:.
1438:.
1413:.
1384:.
1346:.
1328:.
1296:.
1211:.
1189:.
454:(
360:-
215:(
174:道
171:郞
168:花
20:)
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