482:
336:
45:
620:
692:
604:
662:
583:
677:
632:
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to
Heracles, found out that Iolaus had handed Heracles the firebrand, he declared that the labor had not been completed alone and as a result did not count toward the ten labors set for him. The mythic element is an equivocating attempt to resolve the submerged conflict between an ancient ten labors
391:(according to some early vase-paintings), a sword, or his famed club. Heracles then attempted to cut off the Hydra's heads but each time that he did so, one or two more heads (depending on the source) would grow back in its place. The Hydra was invulnerable as long as it retained at least one head.
416:
sent a giant crab to distract him. He crushed it under his mighty foot. The Hydra's one immortal head was cut off with a golden sword given to
Heracles by Athena. Heracles placed the head—still alive and writhing—under a great rock on the sacred way between Lerna and Elaius, and dipped
420:
The alternate version of this myth is that after cutting off one head he then dipped his sword in its neck and used its venom to burn each head so it could not grow back. Hera, upset that
Heracles had slain the beast she raised to kill him, placed it in the dark blue vault of the sky as the
258:
does not give a number. Depictions of the monster dating to c. 500 BC show it with a double tail as well as multiple heads, suggesting the same regenerative ability at work, but no literary accounts have this feature.
691:
481:
459:
report that the stench of the river
Anigrus in Elis, making all the fish of the river inedible, was reputed to be due to the Hydra's poison, washed from the arrows Heracles used on the centaur.
383:, where the Hydra dwelt, Heracles covered his mouth and nose with a cloth to protect himself from the poisonous fumes. He shot flaming arrows into the Hydra's lair, the spring of
619:
44:
1290:, the Hydra "was so poisonous that she killed men with her breath, and if anyone passed by when she was sleeping, he breathed her tracks and died in the greatest torment."
222:
Like the initial number of heads, the monster's capacity to regenerate lost heads varies with time and author. The first mention of this ability of the Hydra occurs with
1546:
603:
335:
1687:
582:
1801:
1637:
195:
dating to c. 700 BC. In both these sources, the main motifs of the Hydra myth are already present: a multi-headed serpent that is slain by
Heracles and
1646:
1826:
1821:
676:
661:
236:, Socrates likens Euthydemus and his brother Dionysidorus to a Hydra of a sophistical nature who grows two arguments for every one refuted.
631:
387:, a deep cave from which it emerged only to terrorize neighboring villages. He then confronted the Hydra, wielding either a harvesting
173:
feature to the monster: for every head chopped off, the Hydra would regrow two heads. Heracles required the assistance of his nephew
1680:
1588:
1486:
1323:
731:
Simonides, Fragment 569 (from
Servius on Virgil's Aeneid) (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric II) (Greek lyric poetry C6th to 5th BC)
1470:
1377:
396:
1313:
728:
Alcaeus, Fragment 443 (from
Schoiast on Hesiod's Theogony) (trans. Campbell, Vol. Greek Lyric II) (Greek lyric poetry C6th BC)
435:
Heracles would later use arrows dipped in the Hydra's poisonous blood to kill other foes during his remaining labors, such as
216:
1260:
275:
263:
86:
1811:
1673:
1381:
219:
rationalized the myth by suggesting that the Hydra would have been a single-headed snake accompanied by its offspring.
1816:
1187:
1647:"Statue of Heracles battling the Lernaean Hydra at the southern entrance to the Hofburg (Imperial Palace) in Vienna"
555:
for "The Crab"), the constellation Hydra has its head nearby. In fact, both constellations derived from the earlier
1658:
646:
408:) of using a firebrand to scorch the neck stumps after each decapitation. Heracles cut off each head and Iolaus
1478:
505:
249:
1475:
Apollodorus, The
Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes.
1490:
509:
501:
283:
1806:
1405:
548:
536:
456:
429:
339:
170:
132:
77:
55:
31:
532:
476:
425:
312:
228:
738:, Fragment 55 (from Stephen of Byzantium, Lexicon 699. 13) (trans. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th BC)
1552:
556:
316:
296:
199:. While these fibulae portray a six-headed Hydra, its number of heads was first fixed in writing by
169:, the exact number of which varies according to the source. Later versions of the Hydra story add a
165:. It had poisonous breath and blood so virulent that even its scent was deadly. The Hydra possessed
1764:
1697:
1521:
1202:
667:
279:
271:
200:
162:
147:
1050:
Book 2 (summary from
Photius, Myriobiblon 190) (trans. Pearse) (Greek mythography C1st to C2nd AD)
1631:
1192:
513:
497:
487:
444:
135:
59:
1773:
1747:
1737:
1584:
1482:
1319:
1177:
638:
463:
436:
267:
204:
1578:
1727:
698:
245:
1602:. Archaeopress, British Archaeological Reports, International Series N° 1337/2005, 179-186.
448:
400:: realizing that he could not defeat the Hydra in this way, Heracles called on his nephew
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192:
112:
108:
1722:
1497:
1182:
652:
226:, where the monster grew back a pair of heads for each one severed by Heracles. In the
51:
1446:
1795:
1611:
1561:. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
1509:
1272:
683:
544:
540:
422:
409:
1287:
1565:
1429:
591:
104:
1543:
The
Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White
1665:
1556:
1545:, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
307:, whose constellation (despite having a single Head) was later associated by the
295:
credited with slaying 11 monsters on an expedition to the mountains, including a
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1712:
610:
324:
237:
177:
to cut off all of the monster's heads and burn the neck using a sword and fire.
166:
124:
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his arrows in the Hydra's poisonous blood. Thus, his second task was complete.
1769:
710:
Chronological listing of classical literature sources for the Lernaean Hydra:
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17:
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1607:
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300:
223:
208:
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143:
139:
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191:, while the oldest images of the monster are found on a pair of bronze
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43:
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30:
This article is about the mythological monster. For other uses, see
404:
for help. His nephew then came upon the idea (possibly inspired by
1580:
Drakon: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds
1127:
4. 7. 13 ff (trans. Rand & Stewart) (Roman philosophy C6th AD)
552:
480:
380:
362:
334:
291:
233:
128:
116:
101:
1151:
2. 237 ff (trans. Untila et al.) (Greco-Byzantine history C12 AD)
843:
9. 69 ff (trans. Melville) (Roman epic poetry C1st BC to C1st AD)
543:
in the night sky after Heracles slew him. When the sun is in the
131:, and archaeology has established it as a sacred site older than
528:
413:
412:
the open stumps. Seeing that Heracles was winning the struggle,
376:
254:
241:
207:, writing a century later, increased the number to fifty, while
1669:
718:
313 ff (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic poetry C8th or 7th BC)
379:
had raised just to slay Heracles. Upon reaching the swamp near
864:
9. 87 ff (trans. Showerman) (Roman poetry C1st BC to C1st AD)
822:
8. 3. 19 (trans. Jones) (Greek geography C1st BC to C1st AD)
745:
1064–1113 (trans. Oates and O'Neil) (Greek tragedy C5th BC)
697:
Reverse of a 1914 medal by Fritz Eue commemorating General
91:
1315:
OCR Classical Civilisation GCSE Route 1: Myth and Religion
1312:
Greenley, Ben; Menashe, Dan; Renshaw, James (2017-08-24).
1092:
of Tyana 5. 5 (trans. Conyreare) (Greek sophistry C3rd AD)
882:
ed. Miller Vol 3 1909 p. 397) (Greek epigram C1st AD)
1043:
9. 23 (trans. Scholfield) (Greek natural history C2nd AD)
794:
6. 287 ff (trans. Fairclough) (Roman epic poetry C1st BC)
1361:
1359:
1134:(trans. Suda On Line) (Greco-Byzantine Lexicon C10th AD)
980:
2. 1. 228 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic poetry C1st AD)
801:
6. 803 ff (trans. Day-Lewis) (Roman epic poetry C1st BC)
759:
556 ff (trans. Oates and O'Neil) (Greek tragedy C5th BC)
451:, by which the centaur had his posthumous revenge. Both
138:. In the canonical Hydra myth, the monster is killed by
375:, sent Heracles (or Hercules) to slay the Hydra, which
808:, 2. 24a. 23 ff (trans. Butler) (Latin poetry C1st BC)
185:
The oldest extant Hydra narrative appears in Hesiod's
54:'s 19th-century depiction of the Hydra, influenced by
1659:"Statue of the Hydra battling Hercules at the Louvre"
1641:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 33–34.
1120:
25. 196 ff (trans. Rouse) (Greek epic poetry C5th AD)
966:
2. 375 ff (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic poetry C1st AD)
815:
5 Proem 1 (trans. Leonard) (Roman philosophy C1st BC)
462:
When Eurystheus, the agent of Hera who was assigning
773:
4. 1390 ff (trans. Rieu) (Greek epic poetry C3rd BC)
315:. The constellation is also sometimes associated in
994:
2. 5. 2 (trans. Frazer) (Greek mythography C2nd AD)
780:
4. 11. 5 (trans. Oldfather) (Greek history C1st BC)
725:
trans. Campbell Vol 3) (Greek lyric poetry C7th BC)
252:has the Hydra grow back three heads each time; the
1106:6. 212 ff (trans. Way) (Greek epic poetry C4th AD)
1057:Preface (trans. Grant) (Roman mythography C2nd AD)
1008:2. 37. 4 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd AD)
952:3. 224 (trans. Mozley) (Roman epic poetry C1st AD)
428:. She then turned the crab into the constellation
447:; and Nessus' tainted blood was applied to the
938:700 ff (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st AD)
931:833 ff (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st AD)
394:The struggle is described by the mythographer
1681:
1547:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
1491:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
945:17-30 (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st AD)
766:297c (trans. Lamb) (Greek philosophy C4th BC)
127:. Lerna was reputed to be an entrance to the
123:, which was also the site of the myth of the
8:
37:
752:419 ff (trans. Way) (Greek tragedy C5th BC)
215:, and others did not give an exact figure.
1688:
1674:
1666:
1526:Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion
889:44 (trans. Miller) (Roman tragedy C1st AD)
27:Snake-monster in Greek and Roman mythology
443:. He later used one to kill the centaur
1600:The head of the Hydra of Lerna (Greece)
1481:; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921.
1365:
1227:
1220:
578:
1417:
490:as Hercules pinning the Hydra of Lerna
36:
1514:The Dictionary of Classical Mythology
1350:
1338:
1299:
1239:
527:Greek and Roman writers related that
203:(c. 600 BC), who gave it nine heads.
7:
1802:Characters in Book VI of the Aeneid
96:), more often known simply as the
25:
157:, the Hydra was the offspring of
721:Alcman, Fragment 815 Geryoneis (
690:
675:
660:
645:
630:
618:
602:
581:
262:The Hydra had many parallels in
1827:Mythological aquatic creatures
1822:Mythical many-headed creatures
264:ancient Near Eastern religions
217:Heraclitus the Paradoxographer
1:
1516:. E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc.
1449:. London: Imperial War Museum
1125:The Consolation of Philosophy
876:The Twelve Labors of Hercules
517:
347:
299:(possibly identical with the
248:concur with Euripides, while
1465:General and cited references
706:Classical literature sources
278:celebrated the deeds of the
92:
1661:. cartelen.louvre.fr. 1525.
1616:The World of Classical Myth
1583:. Oxford University Press.
1504:. Harvard University Press.
874:Philippus of Thessalonica,
563:("The Venomous Snake") and
115:. Its lair was the lake of
1843:
1477:Cambridge, Massachusetts,
474:
467:and a more recent twelve.
81:
29:
1708:
1318:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
42:
1770:Apples of the Hesperides
1651:Britannica Encyclopaedia
1598:Piccardi, Luigi (2005).
1570:The Heroes of the Greeks
1479:Harvard University Press
625:Silver sculpture (1530s)
331:Second Labor of Heracles
1638:Encyclopædia Britannica
813:Of The Nature of Things
750:The Madness of Hercules
510:French Wars of Religion
181:Development of the myth
146:) as the second of his
1577:Ogden, Daniel (2013).
1283:According to Hyginus,
524:
365:
344:Hercules and the Hydra
48:
1553:Hyginus, Gaius Julius
1046:Ptolemy Hephaestion,
1034:Description of Greece
1027:Description of Greece
1020:Description of Greece
1013:Description of Greece
1006:Description of Greece
484:
477:Hydra (constellation)
338:
47:
1558:The Myths of Hyginus
1522:Harrison, Jane Ellen
997:Pseudo-Apollodorus,
990:Pseudo-Apollodorus,
769:Apollonius Rhodius,
682:A modern version by
297:seven-headed serpent
1812:Labours of Hercules
1765:Pillars of Hercules
1753:Girdle of Hippolyte
1203:Snakes in mythology
1109:Quintus Smyrnaeus,
1102:Quintus Smyrnaeus,
850:9. 129 & 158 ff
668:John Singer Sargent
39:
1817:Legendary serpents
1757:Far-away monsters
1193:Python (mythology)
1188:Prehistoric snakes
1097:Life of Apollonius
1090:Life of Apollonius
955:Valerius Flaccus,
948:Valerius Flaccus,
880:The Greek Classics
785:Library of History
783:Diodorus Siculus,
778:Library of History
776:Diodorus Siculus,
525:
514:Toussaint Dubreuil
371:, the king of the
366:
276:Assyrian mythology
60:Book of Revelation
49:
1789:
1788:
1748:Mares of Diomedes
1738:Stymphalian birds
1178:Feathered Serpent
1160:Book of Histories
1149:Book of Histories
639:Hans Sebald Beham
637:Engraving (1) by
464:The Twelve Labors
437:Stymphalian Birds
266:. In particular,
90:
66:
65:
16:(Redirected from
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1761:Cattle of Geryon
1728:Erymanthian boar
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1342:
1341:, p. 27–29.
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1303:
1302:, p. 29–30.
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1225:
1081:Pseudo-Hyginus,
1074:Pseudo-Hyginus,
1067:Pseudo-Hyginus,
1060:Pseudo-Hyginus,
1053:Pseudo-Hyginus,
943:Hercules Oetaeus
699:Erich Ludendorff
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887:Hercules Furens
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323:'s dragon, the
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109:Greek mythology
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1698:Twelve Labours
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1366:Kerenyi (1959)
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475:Main article:
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355:Uffizi Gallery
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319:contexts with
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74:Hydra of Lerna
70:Lernaean Hydra
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52:Gustave Moreau
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38:Lernaean Hydra
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1590:9780199557325
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1242:, p. 26.
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
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1098:
1094:
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1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
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1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
986:
982:
979:
975:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
951:
947:
944:
940:
937:
933:
930:
926:
923:
919:
916:
912:
909:
905:
902:
898:
895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
855:Metamorphoses
852:
849:
848:Metamorphoses
845:
842:
841:Metamorphoses
838:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
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772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
744:
740:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
713:
712:
711:
705:
700:
693:
688:
685:
684:Nikolai Triik
678:
673:
669:
663:
658:
654:
648:
643:
640:
633:
628:
621:
616:
612:
605:
600:
596:
593:
590:
584:
579:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
483:
478:
471:Constellation
470:
468:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
424:
423:constellation
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
360:
356:
345:
341:
337:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
257:
256:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:According to
151:
149:
148:Twelve Labors
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
94:
93:Lernaîa Húdrā
88:
79:
78:Ancient Greek
75:
71:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
33:
19:
1717:
1650:
1636:
1615:
1599:
1579:
1569:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1474:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:"Ludendorff"
1441:
1434:Catasterismi
1433:
1430:Eratosthenes
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1373:
1346:
1334:
1314:
1307:
1295:
1284:
1279:
1268:
1255:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1207:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1137:Suidas s.v.
1131:
1130:Suidas s.v.
1124:
1117:
1111:Fall of Troy
1110:
1104:Fall of Troy
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
987:5. 3. 260 ff
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
804:Propertius,
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
722:
715:
709:
609:Mosaic from
592:black-figure
526:
486:Portrait of
485:
461:
434:
419:
395:
393:
367:
343:
290:
261:
253:
227:
221:
186:
184:
171:regeneration
152:
105:lake monster
97:
82:Λερναῖα ὕδρα
73:
69:
67:
1743:Cretan Bull
1713:Nemean lion
1471:Apollodorus
1378:Apollodorus
1263:. See also
1083:Astronomica
1048:New History
1032:Pausanias,
1025:Pausanias,
1018:Pausanias,
1011:Pausanias,
1004:Pausanias,
999:The Library
992:The Library
957:Argonautica
950:Argonautica
811:Lucretius,
771:Argonautica
755:Euripides,
748:Euripides,
741:Sophocles,
734:Aeschylus,
723:Greek Lyric
611:Roman Spain
531:placed the
521: 1600
508:during the
397:Apollodorus
351: 1475
325:Mushhushshu
289:, whom the
284:hunting god
238:Palaephatus
1796:Categories
1608:Ruck, Carl
1351:Ogden 2013
1339:Ogden 2013
1300:Ogden 2013
1240:Ogden 2013
1123:Boethius,
1118:Dionysiaca
1041:On Animals
764:Euthydemus
557:Babylonian
410:cauterized
381:Lake Lerna
369:Eurystheus
340:Pollaiuolo
317:Babylonian
272:Babylonian
229:Euthydemus
167:many heads
129:Underworld
102:serpentine
1406:Pausanias
1216:Citations
1209:Titanoboa
1162:2. 493 ff
1156:Chiliades
1154:Tzetzes,
1145:Chiliades
1143:Tzetzes,
1113:9. 392 ff
1029:5. 17. 11
983:Statius,
976:Statius,
973:4. 168 ff
969:Statius,
962:Statius,
959:7. 623 ff
929:Agamemnon
871:9. 115 ff
857:9. 192 ff
834:Geography
827:Geography
820:Geography
743:Trachinae
498:Navarrese
457:Pausanias
311:with the
301:Mushmahhu
224:Euripides
209:Euripides
205:Simonides
133:Mycenaean
87:romanized
58:from the
56:the Beast
1779:Cerberus
1702:Heracles
1614:(1994).
1568:(1959).
1538:Theogony
1524:(1903).
1512:(1986).
1500:(1985).
1453:29 March
1396:, 8.3.19
1257:Theogony
1173:Basilisk
1167:See also
1116:Nonnos,
1039:Aelian,
1036:5. 26. 7
941:Seneca,
934:Seneca,
927:Seneca,
920:Seneca,
913:Seneca,
906:Seneca,
899:Seneca,
892:Seneca,
885:Seneca,
869:Heroides
862:Heroides
832:Strabo,
825:Strabo,
818:Strabo,
797:Virgil,
790:Virgil,
787:4. 38. 1
757:Hercules
716:Theogony
714:Hesiod,
589:Caeretan
569:Crayfish
494:allegory
488:Henri IV
359:Florence
268:Sumerian
188:Theogony
144:Hercules
140:Heracles
125:Danaïdes
1408:, 5.5.9
1285:Fabulae
1269:Fabulae
1265:Hyginus
1261:310 ff.
1076:Fabulae
1069:Fabulae
1062:Fabulae
1055:Fabulae
1022:5. 5. 9
1001:2. 7. 7
971:Thebaid
964:Thebaid
924:1194 ff
836:8. 6. 6
829:8. 6. 2
806:Elegies
762:Plato,
613:(AD 26)
565:Alluttu
559:signs:
504:of the
500:king's
496:of the
385:Amymone
287:Ninurta
250:Servius
201:Alcaeus
193:fibulae
163:Echidna
121:Argolid
119:in the
100:, is a
89::
1587:
1533:Hesiod
1485:
1394:Strabo
1322:
1252:Hesiod
1198:Scylla
985:Silvae
978:Silvae
910:526 ff
903:241 ff
896:220 ff
867:Ovid,
860:Ovid,
853:Ovid,
846:Ovid,
839:Ovid,
799:Aeneid
792:Aeneid
670:(1921)
655:(1861)
595:hydria
575:In art
567:("The
561:Bashmu
549:Cancer
502:defeat
453:Strabo
445:Nessus
441:Geryon
430:Cancer
406:Athena
402:Iolaus
389:sickle
373:Tiryns
321:Marduk
309:Greeks
305:Bashmu
303:) and
274:, and
244:, and
213:Virgil
197:Iolaus
175:Iolaus
159:Typhon
155:Hesiod
1774:Atlas
1541:, in
1382:2.5.2
1139:Hydra
1085:2. 23
936:Medea
917:776 f
553:Latin
533:Hydra
492:, an
426:Hydra
363:Italy
313:Hydra
292:Angim
234:Plato
136:Argos
117:Lerna
98:Hydra
32:Hydra
1696:The
1585:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1455:2022
1320:ISBN
736:Leon
571:").
545:sign
537:crab
535:and
529:Hera
455:and
414:Hera
377:Hera
282:and
255:Suda
242:Ovid
161:and
111:and
68:The
1700:of
1273:151
1158:or
1147:or
1078:151
547:of
539:as
353:).
342:'s
280:war
232:of
107:in
72:or
1798::
1649:.
1635:.
1610:;
1555:,
1535:,
1489:.
1473:,
1432:,
1380:,
1358:^
1288:30
1267:,
1254:,
1071:34
1064:30
518:c.
516:,
432:.
361:,
357:,
348:c.
327:.
270:,
240:,
211:,
150:.
84:,
80::
1772:/
1763:/
1689:e
1682:t
1675:v
1653:.
1618:.
1593:.
1572:.
1549:.
1528:.
1493:.
1457:.
1436:.
1384:.
1328:.
878:(
551:(
523:.
346:(
142:(
76:(
34:.
20:)
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