209:(BBMB), a state-owned enterprise in north India, has an installed capacity of 2.9 GW. The generation cost after four decades of operation is about 27 paise (0.32¢ US) per kWh. BBMB is a major source of peaking power and black start capability to the northern grid in India and its large reservoirs provide wide operational flexibility. BBMB reservoirs also supply water for the irrigation of 12.5 million acres (51,000 km; 19,500 sq mi) of agricultural land in partner states, enabling the
2094:
1163:
2104:
111:
1034:
19:
120:
India's economically exploitable and viable hydroelectric potential is estimated to be 148,701 MW. An additional 6,780 MW from smaller hydro schemes (with capacities of less than 25 MW) is estimated as exploitable. 56 sites for pumped storage schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW
216:
The
International Hydropower Association estimates that the total hydropower potential in India is 660,000 GWh/year, of which 540,000 GWh/year (79%) is still undeveloped. India ranks as the fourth country in the world by undeveloped hydropower potential, after Russia, China and Canada, and fifth by
97:
India's hydroelectric power output dropped by 16.3% in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024, the largest decline in 38 years, primarily due to low rainfall. This decrease led to hydroelectricity's share of India's total power generation falling to a historic low of 8.3%. As a result, the country's
39:, or 12.3% of its total utility power generation capacity. Additional smaller hydroelectric power units with a total capacity of 4,683 MW (1.3% of its total utility power generation capacity) have been installed. India's hydroelectric power potential is estimated at 148,700
259:. Pumped storage units can also be used as pumping stations to supply river water for upland irrigation, industrial needs, and drinking water. The amount of water necessary to meet this demand can be harnessed from India's rivers via pumped storage units.
247:
to meet peak load demands. The pumped storage schemes also contribute secondary, seasonal power at no additional cost when rivers are flooded with excess water. India has already established nearly 4,800 MW pumped storage capacity with the installation of
74:
were established in 1898 and 1902, respectively. They were among the first in Asia and India has been a dominant player in global hydroelectric power development. India also imports surplus hydroelectric power from
1022:
1631:
1549:
98:
reliance on coal increased, with hydro generation reaching a five-year low of 146 billion kWh. The lack of rainfall was attributed to the lightest rainfall since 2018 and potentially influenced by the
795:
493:
278:
is becoming available at cheaper cost and it has advantage in terms of environmental impact. Solar power can meet daytime and night time energy demands with the help of pumped storage units.
1656:
1640:
1451:
1015:
1624:
899:
187:
are some of the public sector companies producing hydroelectric power in India. The private sector is also expected to grow with the development of hydroelectric energy in the
1008:
387:
1617:
983:
1121:
763:
408:
102:
weather pattern. Consequently, hydroelectric power's role in the Indian energy mix is diminishing, with its reliability questioned due to erratic weather patterns.
1259:
1471:
1000:
607:
519:
1854:
1589:
1461:
1290:
1210:
962:
586:
497:
1533:
1064:
639:
1456:
1254:
1569:
802:
1965:
1814:
1801:
1227:
665:
2012:
1554:
1311:
1237:
1059:
366:
67:
2097:
2038:
2033:
1171:
83:
99:
1879:
1769:
1383:
1280:
2128:
1502:
1264:
1148:
239:
India has transformed from an electricity deficit state to an electricity surplus state. Peak load shortages can be met making use of
1584:
1579:
1574:
1414:
1181:
1095:
1691:
1487:
1466:
1090:
2043:
1709:
1559:
1346:
1285:
1138:
712:
311:
249:
240:
1997:
1869:
1744:
1714:
1686:
1430:
1326:
356:
234:
82:
Small hydropower, defined to be generated at facilities with nameplate capacities up to 25 MW, comes under the ambit of the
293:
are to be expanded to include pumped storage units in an effort to solve the water deficit of east-flowing rivers like the
2064:
2028:
1864:
1764:
1739:
1594:
1446:
770:
415:
2079:
2002:
1970:
1889:
1779:
1759:
1749:
1666:
1497:
1222:
1960:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1849:
1839:
1829:
1824:
1809:
1784:
1681:
1676:
1397:
1336:
1069:
316:
226:
91:
851:
686:
2069:
2048:
2007:
1992:
1955:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1899:
1884:
1844:
1834:
1774:
1724:
1719:
1648:
1492:
1074:
2074:
1894:
1874:
1859:
1754:
1734:
1729:
1671:
1661:
1126:
1044:
736:
614:
530:
361:
210:
87:
1701:
467:
336:
331:
164:. East-flowing rivers have the largest potential as compared to West-flowing rivers and Central-Indian basins
44:
191:
mountain ranges and in the northeast of India. Indian companies have also constructed hydropower projects in
920:
141:
river basins has not been developed on a major scale due to potential opposition from the tribal population.
2107:
1321:
555:
326:
230:
176:
827:
643:
1331:
321:
1950:
1162:
1564:
1528:
346:
275:
255:
In a tropical country like India, abundant water for agriculture is needed due to a very high annual
22:
529:. Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India. 28 February 2017. Archived from
1351:
341:
244:
63:
2103:
942:"Geographic information system showing prospective sites for pumped hydro energy storage in India"
941:
1205:
1143:
256:
35:
capacity. As of 31 March 2020, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 46,000
1523:
1217:
94:
is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in India, with a power capacity of 1960 MW
1819:
1609:
1316:
1192:
875:
351:
153:
134:
32:
963:"Elon Musk Should Build Pumped Hydro With Tesla Energy, The Boring Co., & Coal Miners"
268:
56:
852:"Multipurpose Freshwater Coastal Reservoirs and Their Role in Mitigating Climate Change"
121:
have also been identified. In central India, the hydroelectric power potential from the
264:
130:
126:
122:
71:
876:"Water and food security | International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015"
2122:
1367:
1306:
440:
298:
282:
260:
138:
114:
281:
Many of the existing hydro power stations on the west-flowing rivers located in the
167:
The public sector accounts for 92.5% of India's hydroelectric power production. The
1116:
1111:
184:
86:(MNRE); whilst large hydro, defined as above 25 MW, comes under the ambit of the
1131:
200:
149:
48:
1200:
235:
Power sector of Andhra
Pradesh § Pumped storage hydroelectricity projects
206:
1341:
290:
188:
110:
388:"India overtakes Japan with fifth-largest hydropower capacity in the world"
18:
690:
180:
40:
471:
1507:
587:"India hydropower output records steepest fall in nearly four decades"
252:. Another 2780 MW capacity is under construction as of December 2023
294:
286:
192:
172:
76:
713:"AN OVERVIEW OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT (PDF Download Available)"
1033:
563:
196:
161:
157:
109:
51:
2019–20, the total hydroelectric power generated in India was 156
28:
17:
1550:
National
Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar
168:
36:
1613:
1004:
52:
900:"Solar power tariffs drops historic low at Rs 2.44 per unit"
409:"All India installed capacity of power stations, March 2020"
828:"Energy Storage: Connecting India to Clean Power on Demand"
737:"See page 33, Executive Summary for the Month of May, 2016"
271:
to supply the power needed for the pumped storage schemes.
608:"Status of Hydro Electric Potential Development in India"
1452:
Atomic
Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research
560:
Government of India
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
984:"India readies plan to improve renewable power storage"
494:"India remains major competitor in global hydropower"
441:"Renewable Energy Physical Progress as on 31-03-2020"
2057:
2021:
1985:
1908:
1800:
1793:
1700:
1647:
1542:
1516:
1480:
1439:
1423:
1407:
1396:
1376:
1360:
1299:
1273:
1247:
1236:
1191:
1170:
1104:
1083:
1052:
1043:
921:"Why The Renewables Revolution Is Now Unstoppable"
585:Varadhan, Sudarshan; Yap, Cassandra (2024-04-01).
1122:North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited
687:"River basin wise hydro potential in India, CEA"
1260:Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
520:"Executive Summary Power Sector February 2017"
227:Electricity sector in India § Solar power
1625:
1016:
443:. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, GoI
152:has highest potential in terms of generating
8:
1472:Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership
1462:Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
1291:Petroleum Conservation Research Association
217:total potential, surpassed also by Brazil.
1797:
1632:
1618:
1610:
1404:
1244:
1211:Central Mine Planning and Design Institute
1049:
1038:Energy ministries and departments of India
1023:
1009:
1001:
764:"World Energy Resources | Hydropower 2016"
758:
756:
1641:Renewable energy by country and territory
1534:Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology
1065:Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
1457:Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
1255:Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy
169:National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
55:(excluding small hydro) with an average
1570:Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences
1508:Bharatiya Nabhkiya Vidyut Nigam Limited
462:
460:
458:
379:
1228:Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation
769:. World Energy Council. Archived from
1555:National Board for Higher Mathematics
1312:Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
367:Yarlung Tsangpo Hydroelectric Project
312:List of hydro power stations in India
7:
640:"Hydropower - Too slow to be steady"
231:Pollution of the Ganges § Ganga
84:Ministry of New and Renewable energy
1281:Directorate General of Hydrocarbons
468:"Hydro Electric Potential in India"
267:which in turn is possible from the
1590:Institute of Mathematical Sciences
1503:Nuclear Power Corporation of India
1265:Pandit Deendayal Energy University
1149:Power System Operation Corporation
796:"Pumped storage hydro power plant"
145:Basin-wise potential of Hydropower
14:
1585:Harish-Chandra Research Institute
1575:Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
1182:Solar Energy Corporation of India
1096:National Power Training Institute
666:"Govt plans push for hydro power"
2102:
2093:
2092:
1657:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1488:Electronics Corporation of India
1467:Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre
1161:
1091:Central Power Research Institute
1032:
173:Northeast Electric Power Company
1560:Atomic Energy Education Society
1347:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
1286:Oil Industry Safety Directorate
1139:Power Grid Corporation of India
1431:Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
1327:Gas Authority of India Limited
357:Power sector of Andhra Pradesh
31:is 5th globally for installed
1:
1595:Institute for Plasma Research
1447:Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
1060:Central Electricity Authority
1498:Uranium Corporation of India
1223:Singareni Collieries Company
207:Bhakra Beas Management Board
1384:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
1337:Numaligarh Refinery Limited
1070:Bureau of Energy Efficiency
317:Electricity sector in India
115:Upper Indravati power house
92:Koyna Hydroelectric Project
2145:
1493:Indian Rare Earths Limited
1075:Damodar Valley Corporation
263:in India is improved with
224:
2129:Hydroelectricity in India
2088:
1159:
1127:Power Finance Corporation
362:Renewable energy in India
1415:Atomic Energy Commission
337:Indian Rivers Inter-link
332:Water resources in India
1322:Engineers India Limited
327:Pollution of the Ganges
213:in the northern India.
203:, and other countries.
177:Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam
106:Hydroelectric potential
1332:Indian Oil Corporation
322:Energy policy of India
276:solar power generation
117:
25:
113:
21:
1580:Institute of Physics
1565:Tata Memorial Centre
1529:Nuclear Fuel Complex
347:Solar power in India
221:Pumped storage units
23:Shivanasamudra Falls
1352:Hindustan Petroleum
693:on 3 September 2017
342:Wind power in India
245:store surplus power
64:hydroelectric power
33:hydroelectric power
1206:Bharat Coking Coal
1144:THDC India Limited
118:
26:
2116:
2115:
1981:
1980:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1524:Heavy Water Board
1392:
1391:
1342:Oil India Limited
1218:NLC India Limited
1157:
1156:
1084:Autonomous bodies
474:on 26 August 2018
250:hydropower plants
88:Ministry of Power
2136:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2039:French Polynesia
1798:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1424:Regulatory board
1405:
1317:Bharat Petroleum
1245:
1193:Ministry of Coal
1174:Renewable Energy
1165:
1053:Statutory bodies
1050:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1002:
995:
994:
992:
990:
980:
974:
973:
971:
969:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
896:
890:
889:
887:
886:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
856:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
832:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
807:
801:. Archived from
800:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
776:on 6 August 2018
775:
768:
760:
751:
750:
748:
746:
741:
733:
727:
726:
724:
723:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
689:. Archived from
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
662:
656:
655:
653:
651:
642:. Archived from
636:
630:
629:
627:
625:
619:
613:. Archived from
612:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
582:
576:
575:
573:
571:
562:. Archived from
552:
546:
545:
543:
541:
536:on 17 April 2018
535:
524:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
500:on 16 April 2016
496:. Archived from
490:
484:
483:
481:
479:
470:. Archived from
464:
453:
452:
450:
448:
437:
431:
430:
428:
426:
420:
414:. Archived from
413:
405:
399:
398:
396:
394:
384:
352:Biofuel in India
257:evaporation rate
211:green revolution
154:Hydroelectricity
2144:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2084:
2053:
2017:
1977:
1904:
1789:
1696:
1643:
1638:
1608:
1599:
1538:
1512:
1476:
1435:
1419:
1399:
1388:
1372:
1356:
1295:
1269:
1239:
1232:
1187:
1173:
1166:
1153:
1100:
1079:
1039:
1031:
1029:
999:
998:
988:
986:
982:
981:
977:
967:
965:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
940:
939:
935:
925:
923:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
898:
897:
893:
884:
882:
874:
873:
869:
859:
857:
854:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
830:
826:
825:
821:
811:
809:
805:
798:
794:
793:
789:
779:
777:
773:
766:
762:
761:
754:
744:
742:
739:
735:
734:
730:
721:
719:
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
670:
668:
664:
663:
659:
649:
647:
646:on 10 June 2016
638:
637:
633:
623:
621:
617:
610:
606:
605:
601:
592:
590:
584:
583:
579:
569:
567:
554:
553:
549:
539:
537:
533:
522:
518:
517:
513:
503:
501:
492:
491:
487:
477:
475:
466:
465:
456:
446:
444:
439:
438:
434:
424:
422:
418:
411:
407:
406:
402:
392:
390:
386:
385:
381:
376:
371:
307:
269:energy security
237:
223:
147:
108:
57:capacity factor
12:
11:
5:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1966:United Kingdom
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:Czech Republic
1812:
1806:
1804:
1802:European Union
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1005:
997:
996:
975:
954:
933:
912:
891:
867:
843:
819:
808:on 7 July 2014
787:
752:
728:
704:
678:
657:
631:
599:
577:
547:
511:
485:
454:
432:
421:on 12 May 2020
400:
378:
377:
375:
372:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
308:
306:
303:
274:More and more
265:water security
243:schemes which
241:pumped storage
222:
219:
146:
143:
107:
104:
72:Shivanasamudra
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2141:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:South America
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2013:United States
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:North America
1984:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
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1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Atomic Energy
1398:Department of
1395:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1368:Biecco Lawrie
1366:
1365:
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1359:
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1307:Balmer Lawrie
1305:
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1238:Petroleum and
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692:
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682:
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667:
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645:
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635:
632:
620:on 9 May 2016
616:
609:
603:
600:
588:
581:
578:
566:on 2018-02-20
565:
561:
557:
556:"Small Hydro"
551:
548:
532:
528:
521:
515:
512:
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489:
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296:
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284:
283:Western Ghats
279:
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270:
266:
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261:Food security
258:
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105:
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95:
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54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
24:
20:
16:
2034:Cook Islands
1692:South Africa
1117:NHPC Limited
1112:NTPC Limited
987:. Retrieved
978:
966:. Retrieved
957:
945:. Retrieved
936:
924:. Retrieved
915:
903:. Retrieved
894:
883:. Retrieved
879:
870:
858:. Retrieved
846:
834:. Retrieved
822:
810:. Retrieved
803:the original
790:
778:. Retrieved
771:the original
743:. Retrieved
731:
720:. Retrieved
717:ResearchGate
716:
707:
695:. Retrieved
691:the original
681:
669:. Retrieved
660:
648:. Retrieved
644:the original
634:
622:. Retrieved
615:the original
602:
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580:
568:. Retrieved
564:the original
559:
550:
538:. Retrieved
531:the original
526:
514:
502:. Retrieved
498:the original
488:
476:. Retrieved
472:the original
445:. Retrieved
435:
423:. Retrieved
416:the original
403:
391:. Retrieved
382:
280:
273:
254:
238:
215:
205:
166:
156:followed by
148:
119:
96:
81:
61:
27:
15:
2044:New Zealand
1951:Switzerland
1880:Netherlands
1770:Philippines
1710:Afghanistan
1300:Operational
1240:Natural Gas
1132:REC Limited
947:19 November
836:29 December
201:Afghanistan
150:Brahmaputra
59:of 38.71%.
49:fiscal year
45:load factor
1998:Costa Rica
1870:Luxembourg
1745:Kazakhstan
1715:Bangladesh
1687:Seychelles
1517:Industrial
1408:Apex board
1201:Coal India
968:27 October
885:2017-02-21
880:www.un.org
722:2017-02-21
593:2024-04-03
374:References
225:See also:
185:NTPC-Hydro
175:(NEEPCO),
135:Vamsadhara
68:Darjeeling
66:plants at
2065:Argentina
2029:Australia
1865:Lithuania
1765:Palestine
1740:Indonesia
989:22 August
812:27 August
589:. Reuters
291:Karnataka
189:Himalayan
179:(SJVNL),
47:. In the
2123:Category
2098:Category
2080:Colombia
2003:Honduras
1971:Scotland
1890:Portugal
1780:Thailand
1760:Pakistan
1750:Malaysia
1667:Ethiopia
1543:Academic
1248:Academic
780:6 August
671:17 April
650:17 April
624:17 April
540:24 April
504:17 April
478:17 April
305:See also
171:(NHPC),
131:Nagavali
127:Mahanadi
123:Godavari
2022:Oceania
1961:Ukraine
1931:Iceland
1926:Belarus
1921:Armenia
1916:Albania
1855:Ireland
1850:Hungary
1840:Germany
1830:Finland
1825:Denmark
1810:Austria
1785:Vietnam
1682:Nigeria
1677:Morocco
1440:R&D
1361:Defunct
1172:New and
926:27 June
697:23 June
570:6 April
301:, etc.
299:Krishna
139:Narmada
100:El Niño
43:at 60%
2108:Portal
2070:Brazil
2049:Tuvalu
2008:Mexico
1993:Canada
1956:Turkey
1946:Russia
1941:Norway
1936:Kosovo
1900:Sweden
1885:Poland
1845:Greece
1835:France
1820:Cyprus
1794:Europe
1775:Taiwan
1725:Brunei
1720:Bhutan
1649:Africa
1184:(SECI)
905:21 May
860:23 May
745:7 July
527:report
447:4 June
425:25 May
393:30 May
297:, the
295:Kaveri
287:Kerala
233:, and
193:Bhutan
183:, and
77:Bhutan
2075:Chile
1909:Other
1895:Spain
1875:Malta
1860:Italy
1755:Nepal
1735:India
1730:China
1672:Kenya
1662:Egypt
1377:Other
1274:Other
1045:Power
855:(PDF)
831:(PDF)
806:(PDF)
799:(PDF)
774:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
740:(PDF)
618:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
534:(pdf)
523:(PDF)
419:(PDF)
412:(PDF)
197:Nepal
162:Ganga
158:Indus
29:India
1702:Asia
1481:PSUs
1105:PSUs
991:2016
970:2019
949:2019
928:2016
907:2017
862:2023
838:2023
814:2014
782:2018
747:2016
699:2017
673:2016
652:2016
626:2016
572:2019
542:2017
506:2016
480:2016
449:2020
427:2020
395:2020
289:and
181:THDC
137:and
70:and
62:The
285:of
53:TWh
2125::
878:.
755:^
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558:.
525:.
457:^
229:,
199:,
195:,
160:,
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41:MW
37:MW
1633:e
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1619:v
1024:e
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993:.
972:.
951:.
930:.
909:.
888:.
864:.
840:.
816:.
784:.
749:.
725:.
701:.
675:.
654:.
628:.
596:.
574:.
544:.
508:.
482:.
451:.
429:.
397:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
