47:
709:
686:
38:
1766:
Palladone, was available for a short time in the United States before being voluntarily withdrawn from the market after a July 2005 FDA advisory warned of a high overdose potential when taken with alcohol. As of March 2010, it is still available in Nepal under the brand name Opidol, in the United
Kingdom under the brand name Palladone SR, and in most other European countries.
1537:
9402:
1115:
Users of hydromorphone may experience painful symptoms if the drug is suspended. Some people cannot tolerate the symptoms, which results in continuous drug use. Symptoms of opioid withdrawal are not easy to decipher, as there are differences between drug-seeking behaviors and true withdrawal effects.
1044:
Massive overdoses are rarely observed in opioid-tolerant individuals, but when they occur, they may lead to circulatory system collapse. Symptoms of overdose include respiratory depression, drowsiness leading to coma and sometimes to death, drooping of skeletal muscles, low heart rate, and decreasing
1682:
Changing morphine into hydromorphone increases its activity and, therefore, makes hydromorphone approximately eight times stronger than morphine on a weight basis, all other things being equal. Changed also is lipid solubility, contributing to hydromorphone's having a more rapid onset of action and
1777:
In the United States, the main drug control agency, the Drug
Enforcement Administration, reports an increase in annual aggregate production quotas of hydromorphone from 766 kilograms (1,689 pounds) in 1998 to 3,300 kilograms (7,300 lb) in 2006, and an increase in prescriptions in this time of
1595:
Patients with renal abnormalities must exercise caution when dosing hydromorphone. In those with renal impairment, the half-life of hydromorphone may increase to as much as 40 hours. The typical half-life of intravenous hydromorphone is 2.3 hours. Peak plasma levels usually occur between 30 and 60
1591:
to produce more rapid and complete central nervous system penetration. On a per milligram basis, hydromorphone is considered to be five times as potent as morphine; although the conversion ratio may vary from 4–8 times, five times is in typical clinical usage. The development of tolerance also may
1578:
An extended-release (once-daily) version of hydromorphone is available in the United States. Previously, an extended-release version of hydromorphone, Palladone, was available before being voluntarily withdrawn from the market after a July 2005 FDA advisory warned of a high overdose potential when
1566:
of hydromorphone hydrochloride have a visibly different refractive index from pure water, isotonic 9‰ (0·9 per cent) saline and the like, especially when stored in clear ampoules and phials may acquire a slight clear amber discolouration upon exposure to light; this reportedly has no effect on the
1156:
is an opioid commonly used for this kind of therapy. However, the selection of therapy should be tailored to each specific person. Methadone also is used for detoxification in people who have opiate addiction, such as heroin or drugs similar to morphine. It may be given orally or intramuscularly.
1049:
through a nasogastric tube. Opioid antagonists, such as naloxone, also may be administered concurrently with oxygen supplementation. Naloxone works by reversing the effects of hydromorphone, and only is administered in the presence of significant respiratory depression and circulatory depression.
1800:
as a Betäubungsmittel in the most restricted schedule for medicinal drugs; it is controlled similarly in
Austria (Suchtgift) under the SMG and the Swiss BetmG. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (United Kingdom) and comparable French, Canadian, Australian, Italian, Czech, Croatian, Slovenian, Swedish,
1703:
Hydromorphone is made from morphine via catalytic hydrogenation and also is produced in trace amounts by human and other mammalian metabolisms of morphine. It occasionally appears in assays of opium latex in very small quantities, apparently forming in the plant in an unknown percentage of cases
1690:
Hydromorphone is more soluble in water than morphine; therefore, hydromorphone solutions may be produced to deliver the drug in a smaller volume of water. The hydrochloride salt is soluble in three parts of water, whereas a gram of morphine hydrochloride dissolves in 16 ml of water; for all
1151:
In the clinical setting, excessive secretion of tears, yawning, and dilation of pupils are helpful presentations in diagnosing opioid withdrawal. Hydromorphone is a rapid acting pain killer; however, some formulations may last up to several hours. Patients who stop taking this drug abruptly may
1765:
Hydromorphone is known in various countries around the world by the brand names Hydal, Dimorphone, Exalgo, Sophidone LP, Dilaudid, Hydrostat, Hydromorfan, Hydromorphan, Hymorphan, Laudicon, Opidol, Palladone, Hydromorph Contin, and others. An extended-release version of hydromorphone, called
1574:
Battery-powered intrathecal drug delivery systems are implanted for chronic pain when other options are ruled out, such as surgery and traditional pharmacotherapy, provided that the patient is considered a suitable fit in terms of any contraindications, both physiological and psychological.
1040:
A particular problem that may occur with hydromorphone is accidental administration in place of morphine due to a mix-up between the similar names, either at the time the prescription is written or when the drug is dispensed. This has led to several deaths and calls for hydromorphone to be
1720:
that can work on unsaturated 7,8 bonds, with result that, when these bacteria are living in an aqueous solution containing morphine, significant amounts of hydromorphone form, as it is an intermediary metabolite in this process; the same goes for codeine being turned into hydrocodone.
1611:
or oxycodone, are metabolized via CYP450 enzymes, hydromorphone is not. Hydromorphone is extensively metabolized in the liver to hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, which has no analgesic effects. As similarly seen with the morphine metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, a build-up in levels of
1691:
common purposes, the pure powder for hospital use can be used to produce solutions of virtually arbitrary concentration. When the powder appeared on the street, this very small volume of powder needed for a dose means that overdoses are likely for those who mistake it for
1683:
alterations to the overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination profile as well as the side effect profile (in general, less nausea and itching) versus that of morphine. The semi-synthetic opiates, of which hydromorphone and its codeine analogue
1152:
experience withdrawal symptoms, which may start within hours of taking the last dose of hydromorphone, and last up to several weeks. Withdrawal symptoms in people who stopped taking the opioid may be managed by using opioids or non-opioid adjuncts.
2831:
1028:
Simultaneous use of hydromorphone with other opioids, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, sedatives, and general anesthetics may cause a significant increase in respiratory depression, progressing to coma or death. Taking
3677:"Proposed Adjustments to the Aggregate Production Quotas for Schedule I and II Controlled Substances and Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and Phenylpropanolamine for 2013"
1157:
There is controversy regarding whether any opioid (such as methadone) should be included in the treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms, since these agents also may cause relapse when therapy is suspended.
2842:
1687:
are among the best-known and oldest, include a huge number of drugs of varying strengths and with differences among themselves both subtle and stark, allowing for many different options for treatment.
1639:
Hydromorphone is made from morphine either by direct re-arrangement (made by reflux heating of alcoholic or acidic aqueous solution of morphine in the presence of platinum or palladium catalyst) or
2104:
Vallner JJ, Stewart JT, Kotzan JA, Kirsten EB, Honigberg IL (April 1981). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of hydromorphone following intravenous and oral administration to human subjects".
272:
1579:
taken with alcohol. As of March 2010, it is still available in the United
Kingdom under the brand name Palladone SR, Nepal under the brand name Opidol, and in most other European countries.
1037:) in conjunction with hydromorphone may increase side effects such as dizziness and difficulty concentrating. If simultaneous use of these drugs is required, dose adjustment may be made.
3439:
9457:
1045:
blood pressure. At the hospital, individuals with hydromorphone overdose are provided supportive care, such as assisted ventilation to provide oxygen and gut decontamination using
5644:
227:
6229:
2006:
Coda BA, Rudy AC, Archer SM, Wermeling DP (July 2003). "Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of single-dose intranasal hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy volunteers".
775:
308:
3706:
1955:
1636:
and a molecular weight of 285.343, both identical to morphine, hydromorphone can be considered a structural isomer of morphine and is a hydrogenated ketone thereof.
5258:
1950:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
332:
1732:
during the experiments. Three paths were found: from morphine to hydromorphone with dihydromorphine as the penultimate step, from morphine to hydromorphone with
285:
77:
1712:
Some bacteria have been shown to be able to turn morphine into closely related drugs, including hydromorphone and dihydromorphine among others. The bacterium
802:
2876:. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series. Vol. 40. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). 1 January 2004.
3650:
3498:
1789:
as well as in similar levels under the drugs laws of practically all other countries and it is listed in the Single
Convention On Narcotic Drugs. The DEA
1599:
The onset of action for hydromorphone administered intravenously is less than 5 minutes and within 30 minutes of oral administration (immediate release).
3279:
5637:
1524:, respiratory depression, cough suppression, decreased gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased
1057:
following injection, or a less profound lowering of blood sugar over a period of hours, in common with morphine, heroin, codeine, and other opiates.
6222:
1828:
Hydromorphone and midazolam was injected intravenously to execute double-murderer Joseph Wood in
Arizona on 24 July 2014. Wood was heavily sedated (
2606:
Gagnon DJ, Jwo K (2013). "Tremors and agitation following low-dose intravenous hydromorphone administration in a patient with kidney dysfunction".
1769:
There has also been a once-daily prolonged release version of hydromorphone available in
Australia under the brand name Jurnista as of May 2009.
1087:
In the setting of prolonged use, high dosage, and/or kidney dysfunction, hydromorphone has been associated with neuroexcitatory symptoms such as
3676:
3771:
2928:
Filizola M, Villar HO, Loew GH (January 2001). "Molecular determinants of non-specific recognition of delta, mu, and kappa opioid receptors".
6173:
5202:
3446:
3028:
3001:
2974:
2310:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
1990:
950:
830:
InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2,4,10-11,16,19H,3,5-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,16-,17-/m0/s1
3628:
9442:
5630:
5345:
3810:
1571:, and relatives come with instructions to protect from light. Ampoules of solution which have developed a precipitate should be discarded.
1921:
6813:
6215:
4818:
4379:
4347:
1587:
The chemical modification of the morphine molecule to hydromorphone results in higher lipid solubility and greater ability to cross the
357:
297:
1161:
is a non-opioid adjunct which may be used in situations where opioid use is not desired, such as in patients with high blood pressure.
5251:
1943:
2433:
3373:
2391:
2289:
2262:
2158:
1915:
1888:
1786:
822:
3343:
8577:
1782:
1676:
8572:
3702:
463:
257:
109:
9452:
8497:
2341:
8984:
1834:) within four minutes from start, but took almost two hours to transition to stage 4 (cessation of respiration) and death.
8132:
8127:
8122:
7450:
6368:
6363:
6358:
5989:
5244:
3482:
1951:
1947:
1801:
Polish, Spanish, Greek, Russian, and other laws similarly control it, as do regulations in virtually all other countries.
9392:
3629:"Information for Healthcare Professionals: Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules (marketed as Palladone)"
902:
Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, itchiness, and constipation. Serious side effects may include
128:
9422:
8705:
7695:
6848:
4674:
4317:
3088:
Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA (March 2001). "Hydromorphone: pharmacology and clinical applications in cancer patients".
1543:
Hydromorphone is available in parenteral, rectal, subcutaneous, and oral formulations, and also can be administered via
585:
7831:
3315:
6190:
5219:
2727:
1206:
665:
7565:
2409:
899:
review (updated in 2021) found little difference in benefit between hydromorphone and other opioids for cancer pain.
9432:
8976:
8675:
8670:
8062:
7405:
6493:
5383:
4337:
1810:
1548:
8695:
7685:
7410:
6843:
6728:
5552:
3403:
Gregory TB (December 2013). "Hydromorphone: evolving to meet the challenges of today's health care environment".
2305:
1797:
345:
9156:
7259:
3505:
9189:
8607:
8457:
8067:
7705:
6748:
5052:
5013:
3803:
1616:. Patients with compromised kidney function and older patients are at higher risk for metabolite accumulation.
320:
8665:
8660:
7826:
7071:
7066:
5790:
3772:
United States DEA's perspective, including statistics on manufacture and prescription levels from 1998 to 2006
1588:
534:
8971:
7876:
7585:
2802:
1948:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
9245:
7284:
6178:
5933:
5929:
5716:
5712:
5207:
4923:
4327:
3983:
3290:
1544:
1334:
896:
189:
704:
9082:
8870:
8072:
7086:
7061:
6960:
6278:
5727:
5492:
4971:
4060:
3927:
3766:
3046:"Current approach to cancer pain management: Availability and implications of different treatment options"
2015:
1612:
hydromorphone-3-glucuronide may produce excitatory neurotoxic effects such as restlessness, myoclonus and
1509:
1505:
978:
915:
892:
388:
208:
7956:
3225:
2498:
Tuohy N, Paparella S (December 2005). "Look-alike and sound-alike drugs: errors just waiting to happen".
654:
8227:
6523:
5684:
4730:
4424:
4342:
4332:
4044:
3987:
1100:
1096:
525:
9077:
7951:
2728:"Dilaudid Abuse & Addiction Withdrawals, Signs, Symptoms & Effects – Acadiana Addiction Center"
1778:
289%, from about 470,000 to 1,830,000. The 2013 production quota was 5,968 kilograms (13,157 lb).
9194:
1744:
Hydromorphone was patented in 1923. It was introduced to the mass market in 1926 under the brand name
957:. In 2021, it was the 261st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1
9427:
8040:
7383:
6833:
6303:
6298:
6283:
6249:
5875:
5268:
4941:
4902:
4735:
4725:
4720:
4547:
4352:
4268:
3910:
3680:
3543:
1717:
1294:
1284:
1274:
420:
165:
7846:
7319:
2020:
1071:
As with other opioids, hydromorphone (particularly during heavy chronic use) often causes temporary
46:
9368:
9363:
9004:
8996:
8954:
8800:
8760:
8087:
8057:
7906:
7886:
7515:
7400:
7209:
7184:
7146:
7101:
7056:
6288:
6020:
5894:
5708:
5281:
4690:
4322:
4151:
4052:
3991:
3878:
3867:
3796:
2078:
1830:
1664:
1552:
1339:
1053:
Sugar cravings associated with hydromorphone use are the result of a glucose crash after transient
681:
480:
87:
9273:
9037:
7314:
4359:
2889:"Simultaneous treatment of hypertension and opiate withdrawal using an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist"
2699:
2434:"Dilaudid (hydromorphone hydrochloride) Oral LiquidDilaudid (hydromorphone hydrochloride) Tablets"
9052:
8900:
8377:
8262:
8207:
7896:
7655:
7630:
7520:
7174:
7010:
6854:
6673:
6638:
6478:
6438:
6333:
6241:
5561:
5455:
5415:
5377:
5369:
5336:
5315:
5128:
4695:
4593:
4264:
4122:
4056:
3781:
3113:
2631:
2129:
2041:
1781:
Like all opioids used for analgesia, hydromorphone is potentially habit-forming and is listed in
1517:
1255:
969:
Adverse effects of hydromorphone are similar to those of other potent opioid analgesics, such as
954:
919:
907:
139:
9199:
9169:
9120:
8840:
8830:
8685:
7931:
7926:
7841:
7435:
7081:
9308:
8780:
8634:
8297:
8112:
7755:
7164:
4307:
1978:
9219:
9209:
8690:
8402:
8082:
8077:
7851:
7415:
7096:
6658:
6293:
5850:
5699:
5679:
5531:
5498:
5446:
5391:
5364:
4912:
4767:
4755:
4642:
4048:
3610:
3569:
3420:
3207:
3154:
3105:
3067:
3024:
3018:
2997:
2991:
2970:
2964:
2945:
2910:
2755:
2672:
2623:
2588:
2550:
2515:
2480:
2285:
2258:
2252:
2205:
2154:
2121:
2033:
1986:
1911:
1905:
1884:
1878:
1076:
1025:. These symptoms are common in ambulatory patients and in those not experiencing severe pain.
923:
59:
9255:
9224:
9125:
9012:
8865:
8845:
8735:
8715:
8442:
7765:
6763:
6393:
2279:
634:
574:
9447:
9437:
9090:
9027:
8850:
8566:
8492:
8447:
8217:
8011:
7946:
7800:
7700:
7540:
7254:
6900:
6513:
6095:
5954:
5900:
5742:
5593:
5513:
4989:
4463:
3776:
3679:. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Department of Justice. 20 June 2014. Archived from
3600:
3559:
3551:
3412:
3197:
3144:
3097:
3057:
2937:
2900:
2662:
2615:
2580:
2542:
2507:
2472:
2313:
2195:
2187:
2113:
2025:
1822:
1814:
1563:
1559:. Transdermal delivery systems are also under consideration to induce local skin analgesia.
1501:
1251:
1169:
CNS depressants may enhance the depressant effects of hydromorphone, such as other opioids,
1046:
786:
721:
433:
370:
8935:
8860:
8855:
8790:
3587:
Felden L, Walter C, Harder S, Treede RD, Kayser H, Drover D, et al. (September 2011).
1695:
or other powdered narcotics, especially those that have been diluted prior to consumption.
1237:. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.
594:
9406:
8740:
8267:
8222:
7570:
7545:
7159:
6588:
6518:
6373:
6264:
6238:
6055:
5762:
5747:
5731:
5674:
5666:
5173:
5092:
5074:
4887:
4652:
4637:
4578:
3961:
3862:
3486:
2651:"A multidimensional comparison of morphine and hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia"
2441:
1672:
1668:
1644:
1556:
1500:. As a hydrogenated ketone of morphine, it shares the pharmacologic properties typical of
1494:
1222:
1214:
1194:
986:
935:
903:
410:
398:
378:
20:
8680:
7836:
7076:
3381:
3131:
Smith A, Gomez-Panzani E, Mills S, Rainey G, Tolia G, Tagliaferri F, et al. (2006).
2395:
489:
3547:
2781:
708:
685:
9042:
8367:
7665:
7645:
7640:
7445:
6703:
6663:
6653:
6613:
6508:
6473:
6378:
6353:
6308:
6184:
5905:
5880:
5770:
5653:
5578:
5508:
5213:
5168:
4931:
4811:
4786:
4662:
4647:
4117:
3997:
3948:
3915:
3351:
3202:
3185:
3062:
3045:
2905:
2888:
2200:
2175:
2117:
2029:
1725:
1234:
1226:
1198:
1186:
1103:. This toxicity is less than that associated with other classes of opioids such as the
1030:
982:
37:
5236:
3732:
3651:"Hydromorphone prolonged-release tablets (Jurnista) for chronic severe disabling pain"
3564:
3531:
2941:
981:, urinary retention, bronchospasm, and sometimes, circulatory depression. More common
949:
Hydromorphone was patented in 1923. Hydromorphone is made from morphine. It is on the
9416:
9358:
9265:
9017:
8795:
8750:
8700:
8623:
8611:
8232:
8212:
8197:
8192:
8137:
7911:
7901:
7525:
7249:
7189:
7179:
7116:
7091:
6885:
6828:
6563:
6553:
6548:
6528:
6463:
6413:
6398:
6313:
6145:
6130:
6050:
5969:
5949:
5915:
5785:
5737:
5610:
5488:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5017:
4979:
4437:
4212:
4142:
3971:
3920:
3555:
3254:
2873:
Clinical
Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction
2667:
2650:
2476:
2363:
2223:
1851:
1648:
1525:
1210:
1190:
1054:
1022:
939:
931:
888:
791:
697:
200:
101:
5622:
3762:
Article discussing withdrawal of extended-release hydromorphone from the U.S. market
3710:
3416:
3117:
2635:
2133:
2045:
895:. Effects generally begin within half an hour and last for up to five hours. A 2016
514:
9353:
9288:
9214:
9022:
8597:
8562:
8362:
8167:
8026:
7620:
7615:
7510:
7485:
7480:
7304:
7229:
6975:
6930:
6783:
6778:
6733:
6633:
6468:
6433:
6428:
6065:
6060:
6040:
6010:
5974:
5800:
5722:
5657:
5304:
5272:
5107:
5082:
4840:
4745:
4629:
4416:
4404:
4394:
4369:
4237:
4227:
4157:
4032:
4027:
3938:
3827:
3823:
2191:
1724:
The process gave rise to various concentrations of hydromorphone, dihydromorphine,
1656:
1613:
1230:
1218:
1202:
1072:
1018:
1002:
240:
235:
3761:
3504:. Stamford, CT: Purdue Pharma L.P. 13 October 2009. MSDS No. 71681. Archived from
2571:
Thwaites D, McCann S, Broderick P (August 2004). "Hydromorphone neuroexcitation".
2333:
2546:
9283:
9260:
9174:
9100:
9067:
9047:
8925:
8910:
8905:
8895:
8885:
8805:
8775:
8770:
8615:
8587:
8582:
8552:
8537:
8527:
8507:
8502:
8462:
8427:
8417:
8372:
8352:
8337:
8332:
8302:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8182:
8157:
8142:
8117:
8107:
8097:
8092:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7981:
7921:
7916:
7891:
7750:
7740:
7720:
7680:
7675:
7650:
7635:
7600:
7595:
7495:
7470:
7364:
7359:
7349:
7339:
7329:
7264:
7194:
7151:
6995:
6925:
6895:
6880:
6865:
6838:
6803:
6788:
6773:
6758:
6723:
6713:
6683:
6668:
6643:
6608:
6603:
6593:
6583:
6543:
6538:
6498:
6488:
6423:
6408:
6383:
6343:
6328:
6318:
6140:
6105:
6015:
6005:
5964:
5925:
5885:
5830:
5704:
5605:
5359:
5309:
5153:
5133:
5042:
4951:
4882:
4874:
4835:
4760:
4710:
4705:
4604:
4540:
4468:
4312:
4297:
4288:
4222:
4207:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4132:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4071:
4066:
4022:
4007:
3976:
3955:
3933:
3149:
3132:
1729:
1684:
1568:
1477:
1462:
1361:
1182:
1041:
distributed in distinctly different packaging from morphine to avoid confusion.
884:
204:
95:
3479:
2871:
2533:
Brennan MJ (March 2013). "The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function".
1736:
as the penultimate step, and from morphine to hydromorphinol to hydromorphone.
9378:
9348:
9323:
9204:
9115:
9095:
9072:
8915:
8890:
8880:
8835:
8825:
8810:
8725:
8619:
8547:
8542:
8517:
8487:
8477:
8452:
8437:
8412:
8382:
8357:
8347:
8307:
8287:
8277:
8257:
8187:
8172:
7991:
7971:
7966:
7941:
7871:
7810:
7790:
7745:
7735:
7730:
7670:
7660:
7590:
7505:
7354:
7344:
7334:
7324:
7289:
7279:
7244:
7214:
7204:
7199:
7136:
6980:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6935:
6920:
6890:
6808:
6798:
6793:
6743:
6698:
6678:
6648:
6598:
6578:
6533:
6458:
6348:
6338:
6150:
6135:
6115:
6110:
6100:
6090:
6080:
6035:
6030:
6025:
5984:
5910:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5780:
5536:
5470:
5409:
5397:
5354:
5183:
5178:
5123:
5060:
5003:
4984:
4961:
4956:
4946:
4936:
4897:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4801:
4796:
4778:
4715:
4700:
4685:
4619:
4599:
4530:
4520:
4489:
4443:
4430:
4399:
4364:
4247:
4242:
4217:
4167:
4162:
4137:
4092:
4017:
3226:"EXALGO (hydromorphone hydrochloride) extended release tablets Package Insert"
2780:
McKeown NJ, West PL (13 July 2022). VanDeVoort JT, Burns MJ, Gaeta TJ (eds.).
2511:
1733:
1551:
injection. Hydromorphone also has been administered via nebulization to treat
1170:
751:
565:
215:
29:
6207:
3589:"Comparative clinical effects of hydromorphone and morphine: a meta-analysis"
3158:
2990:
Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, Kee WD, Beilin Y, Mhyre J (28 February 2014).
2584:
9333:
9328:
9278:
9250:
9179:
9140:
9135:
9110:
9105:
9032:
8940:
8930:
8820:
8730:
8644:
8602:
8592:
8532:
8522:
8512:
8482:
8472:
8467:
8422:
8392:
8272:
8252:
8152:
8147:
8102:
8021:
8016:
7976:
7961:
7936:
7866:
7805:
7775:
7725:
7715:
7710:
7575:
7465:
7430:
7425:
7369:
7294:
7274:
7269:
7239:
7169:
7131:
7111:
7106:
7046:
7030:
7020:
6965:
6875:
6823:
6818:
6753:
6708:
6688:
6568:
6558:
6403:
6125:
6075:
6070:
5979:
5959:
5840:
5752:
5588:
5571:
5541:
5503:
5465:
5425:
5402:
5325:
5289:
5188:
5148:
5143:
4997:
4845:
4806:
4750:
4680:
4614:
4609:
4586:
4568:
4553:
4525:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4453:
4409:
4197:
4172:
4037:
3966:
3894:
3819:
1818:
1748:, indicating its derivation and degree of similarity to morphine (by way of
1660:
1652:
1521:
1513:
1447:
1432:
1158:
1153:
1104:
1092:
990:
927:
869:
443:
177:
81:
3614:
3424:
3211:
3109:
3071:
2949:
2627:
2592:
2554:
2519:
2209:
2037:
1536:
3788:
3573:
3101:
2914:
2676:
2484:
2125:
1567:
potency of the solution, but 14-dihydromorphinones such as hydromorphone,
9338:
9130:
8875:
8785:
8765:
8755:
8710:
8639:
8432:
8342:
8327:
8292:
8282:
8162:
7986:
7881:
7856:
7795:
7780:
7690:
7610:
7580:
7560:
7530:
7475:
7455:
7420:
7309:
7234:
7219:
7141:
7121:
6990:
6985:
6970:
6940:
6910:
6870:
6738:
6628:
6573:
6483:
6418:
6388:
6273:
6155:
6120:
6085:
6045:
5944:
5835:
5820:
5795:
5775:
5694:
5598:
5583:
5523:
5476:
5436:
5431:
5299:
5294:
5158:
5037:
5032:
4892:
4791:
4563:
4558:
4535:
4484:
4458:
4448:
4257:
4252:
4232:
4147:
4127:
4076:
3889:
3874:
3605:
3588:
1749:
1417:
1402:
1178:
1174:
1034:
1014:
1010:
994:
970:
943:
911:
545:
196:
123:
3186:"Implantable intrathecal pumps for chronic pain: highlights and updates"
2782:"Withdrawal Syndromes: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology"
2318:
554:
9303:
9184:
9062:
8745:
8629:
8407:
8397:
7625:
7555:
7490:
7440:
7299:
7051:
7025:
7015:
7000:
6905:
6718:
6693:
6443:
6323:
5890:
5689:
5163:
5138:
5008:
4993:
4740:
4670:
4302:
4274:
4097:
4012:
3857:
1608:
1504:. Hydromorphone and related opioids produce their major effects on the
1497:
1346:
500:
2619:
9313:
9298:
9293:
9164:
9057:
8720:
8387:
8202:
7861:
7785:
7770:
7760:
7535:
7126:
7005:
6623:
6503:
5920:
5864:
5482:
3943:
3845:
3836:
3703:"Ohio Prisons Director Announces Changes to Ohio's Execution Process"
2174:
Li Y, Ma J, Lu G, Dou Z, Knaggs R, Xia J, et al. (August 2021).
1981:. In Firestein GS, Budd R, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR (eds.).
1692:
1088:
1066:
1006:
974:
938:, mainly in the brain and spinal cord. Hydromorphone 2 mg IV is
880:
872:
645:
448:
220:
2649:
Rapp SE, Egan KJ, Ross BK, Wild LM, Terman GW, Ching JM (May 1996).
1813:
of an intramuscular injection of 500 mg of hydromorphone and a
934:
is not recommended. Hydromorphone is believed to work by activating
3133:"(807) 24-hour transdermal delivery of hydromorphone hydrochloride"
614:
9318:
8920:
8815:
8557:
8312:
8177:
7550:
7500:
7460:
7224:
6915:
6859:
6768:
6453:
6448:
5859:
5825:
4177:
3884:
3849:
1790:
1640:
1535:
774:
765:
625:
403:
3532:"Transformations of morphine alkaloids by Pseudomonas putida M10"
1907:
Today's
Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures
1880:
Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures
1205:. The depressant effect of hydromorphone also may be enhanced by
8322:
3184:
Knight KH, Brand FM, Mchaourab AS, Veneziano G (February 2007).
2392:"Hydromorphone Monograph (Side Effects & Drug Interactions)"
1825:
when a suitable vein cannot be found for intravenous injection.
998:
876:
605:
351:
326:
6211:
5626:
5240:
3792:
2993:
Chestnut's Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice E-Book
2463:
Cohen MR (June 1992). "Doctor was thinking of the wrong drug".
879:. Typically, long-term use is only recommended for pain due to
339:
118:
2153:(76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 24, 456.
315:
3445:. University of Virginia Children's Hospital. Archived from
2803:"DILAUDID® ORAL LIQUID and DILAUDID® TABLETS Package Insert"
1555:, but it is not used as a route for pain control due to low
670:
19:"Dihydromorphinone" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1716:
serotype M10 produces a naturally-occurring NADH-dependent
1116:
Symptoms associated with hydromorphone withdrawal include:
266:
150:
977:. The major hazards of hydromorphone include dose-related
2079:"Hydromorphone Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals"
303:
292:
279:
3631:. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 15 July 2005
3530:
Long MT, Hailes AM, Kirby GW, Bruce NC (October 1995).
2428:
2426:
951:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
847:
9390:
1528:, and increased pinpoint constriction of the pupils.
9237:
9149:
8964:
8953:
8653:
8050:
8039:
7819:
7393:
7382:
7039:
6259:
6248:
5998:
5858:
5849:
5761:
5665:
5551:
5445:
5335:
5280:
5116:
5073:
5051:
4970:
4922:
4911:
4873:
4828:
4777:
4661:
4628:
4577:
4513:
4477:
4387:
4378:
4287:
4085:
3903:
3844:
3835:
785:
763:
750:
720:
715:
696:
664:
644:
624:
604:
584:
564:
544:
533:
524:
499:
479:
454:
442:
432:
419:
409:
397:
387:
377:
369:
256:
251:
226:
214:
188:
176:
164:
138:
108:
94:
76:
68:
58:
53:
5346:
3440:"Use of Hydromorphone in Children and Adolescents"
2969:. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 332–.
2566:
2564:
1661:potassium tert butoxide or aluminium tert butoxide
1482:
1452:
1422:
1392:
9381:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
3767:Dihydromorphinones from morphine & analogues
3707:Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
3470:Merck Index 2003, "Morphine" and "Hydromorphone"
3170:
3168:
1821:as a backup means of carrying out executions by
1516:, drowsiness, mental clouding, changes in mood,
513:
383:By mouth: 25-50, Intranasal: 52–58%, IV/IM: 100%
2410:"Drug interactions between Dilaudid and Valium"
2085:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
1983:Kelley and Firestein's Textbook of Rheumatology
488:
471:4,5-α-Epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl morphinan-6-one
9458:World Health Organization essential medicines
6223:
5638:
5252:
3804:
2386:
2384:
1904:Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E (2012).
1877:Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E (2012).
1667:). The 6 ketone group may be replaced with a
8:
1985:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1081–.
922:. Rapidly decreasing the dose may result in
127:
28:
3023:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 933–.
2996:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 611–.
2893:Journal of the National Medical Association
2180:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1467:
1437:
1407:
1379:
1366:
1351:
1141:Runny nose and excessive secretion of tears
8961:
8047:
7390:
6256:
6230:
6216:
6208:
5855:
5645:
5631:
5623:
5562:
5456:
5416:
5316:
5259:
5245:
5237:
4919:
4384:
3841:
3811:
3797:
3789:
2246:
2244:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
1607:While other opioids in its class, such as
1323:
1256:
1244:
707:
684:
573:
3604:
3563:
3480:PHA 4220 – Neurology Pharmacotherapeutics
3201:
3148:
3061:
3050:Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
2904:
2666:
2317:
2199:
2019:
1910:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 571.
1883:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 571.
1796:Hydromorphone is listed under the German
1295:
1285:
1275:
593:
9397:
2963:King TL, Brucker MC (25 October 2010).
2364:"Hydromorphone - Drug Usage Statistics"
2145:
2143:
1979:"Analgesic Agents in Rheumatic Disease"
1977:Polsten GR, Wallace MS (21 June 2016).
1843:
1679:, which is 80× stronger than morphine.
827:
807:
680:
553:
468:
100:
23:(Paramorfan, etc.), a different opioid.
3777:"When is a pain doctor a drug pusher?"
3536:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2257:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 526.
698:
27:
16:Opioid medication used for pain relief
3083:
3081:
2865:
2863:
2797:
2795:
2750:
2748:
2722:
2720:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2312:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
653:
633:
86:
7:
3044:Nersesyan H, Slavin KV (June 2007).
2930:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
2344:from the original on 15 January 2024
2224:"Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy"
1924:from the original on 10 January 2023
1852:"Hydromorphone Use During Pregnancy"
1704:under poorly understood conditions.
311:(Special prescription form required)
239:
3733:"Arizona execution takes two hours"
3174:Dilaudid HP package insert Nov 2004
1209:(MAO inhibitors), first-generation
1132:Inability to enjoy daily activities
1107:class of synthetics in particular.
613:
504:
3709:. 13 November 2009. Archived from
3350:. 19 February 2009. Archived from
2394:. RxList Inc. 2008. Archived from
2151:British national formulary: BNF 76
2118:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb05693.x
2030:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066311.40978.4F
1958:from the original on 3 August 2023
1493:Hydromorphone is a semi-synthetic
1246:Hydromorphone at opioid receptors
335: Controlled Drug: Schedule II
14:
8198:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
7526:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
6479:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
6464:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
4903:Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol)
1787:Controlled Substances Act of 1970
875:used to treat moderate to severe
9400:
8578:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
5519:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
3556:10.1128/AEM.61.10.3645-3649.1995
3374:"Dilaudid Clinical Pharmacology"
2756:"Hydromorphone Drug Information"
2700:"Hydromorphone / Dilaudid Detox"
2668:10.1213/00000539-199605000-00029
2535:The American Journal of Medicine
2477:10.1097/00152193-199206000-00009
2106:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2014:(1): 117–23, table of contents.
1677:6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine
883:. It may be used by mouth or by
864:, and sold under the brand name
810:O=C45Oc1c2c(ccc1O)C3N(CC253CC4)C
738:
732:
45:
36:
8573:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
3417:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.09.027
3020:Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs
2966:Pharmacology for Women's Health
2251:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
2176:"Hydromorphone for cancer pain"
1067:Opioid § Hormone imbalance
835:Key:WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N
8498:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
4671:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
3593:British Journal of Anaesthesia
3280:"Opioid Conversion Guidelines"
2573:Journal of Palliative Medicine
2192:10.1002/14651858.CD011108.pub3
741:
726:
1:
8473:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
7666:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
7275:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
6704:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
3499:"Hydromorphone Hydrochloride"
2942:10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00223-6
2608:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2278:Vardanyan R, Hruby V (2006).
2254:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
7696:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
2839:www.saskatoonhealthregion.ca
2832:"Opioid withdrawal protocol"
2547:10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.12.001
2500:Journal of Emergency Nursing
2281:Synthesis of Essential Drugs
1207:monoamine oxidase inhibitors
942:to approximately 10 mg
9443:Mu-opioid receptor agonists
9349:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
8977:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
8358:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
6844:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
5654:Cough and cold preparations
5524:Morphine (extended-release)
4313:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3150:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.01.209
3139:(Clinical trial abstract).
1793:for hydromorphone is 9150.
1596:minutes after oral dosing.
9474:
9369:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
8989:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
8093:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
7260:Methylsamidorphan chloride
6494:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
6319:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
5567:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
5461:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
5421:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
5321:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
3017:Tiziani AP (1 June 2013).
2322:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
1954:(published 4 April 2023).
1264:Tooltip Inhibitor constant
1064:
716:Chemical and physical data
18:
9289:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
8696:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
8608:Tricyclic antidepressants
7686:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
6729:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
6168:
5553:Benzodiazepine dependence
5197:
5014:Tricyclic antidepressants
3090:Supportive Care in Cancer
2870:"4 Treatment Protocols".
2732:www.acadianaaddiction.com
2512:10.1016/j.jen.2005.07.012
2306:World Health Organization
1300:Tooltip κ-Opioid receptor
1290:Tooltip δ-Opioid receptor
1280:Tooltip μ-Opioid receptor
1250:
843:
818:
798:
459:
44:
35:
9274:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
9246:Enkephalinase inhibitors
9175:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
9157:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
9073:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
5791:Dembrexine hydrochloride
4348:+propyphenazone/caffeine
3190:Croatian Medical Journal
2887:Bell CC (January 1983).
2655:Anesthesia and Analgesia
2585:10.1089/1096621041838362
2284:. Elsevier. p. 25.
2008:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1592:vary among individuals.
1123:Anxiety or panic attacks
926:. Generally, use during
358:Narcotic Schedule I
8972:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
8243:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
7285:Nalorphine dinicotinate
1952:Diário Oficial da União
1647:(usually via catalytic
961:million prescriptions.
953:. It is available as a
8588:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
8533:Pethidine (meperidine)
7726:Pethidine (meperidine)
7416:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
7062:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
6961:Tetrahydropapaveroline
6876:Pethidine (meperidine)
5723:Hederae helicis folium
4198:Pethidine (meperidine)
2760:Narconon International
2541:(3 Suppl 1): S12–S18.
1798:Betäubungsmittelgesetz
1540:
1510:gastrointestinal tract
1506:central nervous system
979:respiratory depression
916:respiratory depression
9453:Semisynthetic opioids
9279:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
8766:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
8666:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
8228:Dinalbuphine sebacate
8103:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
7827:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
7786:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
7426:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
7072:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
7052:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
6524:Dinalbuphine sebacate
5685:Antimony pentasulfide
4819:+paracetamol/caffeine
4797:Metamizole (dipyrone)
4731:Morpholine salicylate
4675:+paracetamol/caffeine
3405:Clinical Therapeutics
3102:10.1007/s005200000183
2334:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1811:Ohio approved the use
1785:of the United States
1699:Endogenous production
1539:
1135:Muscle and joint pain
1101:cognitive dysfunction
885:injection into a vein
9136:Sunobinop (S-117957)
8871:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
8203:Diamorphine (heroin)
7536:Diamorphine (heroin)
6504:Diamorphine (heroin)
6304:Acetyldihydrocodeine
6284:7-Hydroxymitragynine
6279:7-Acetoxymitragynine
5876:Acetyldihydrocodeine
4942:Gabapentin enacarbil
4736:Potassium salicylate
4726:Magnesium salicylate
4721:Imidazole salicylate
4548:Indometacin farnesil
3944:Diamorphine (heroin)
3911:Acetyldihydrocodeine
3485:16 July 2007 at the
3438:Buck M (July 2008).
2438:app.purduepharma.com
2398:on 13 February 2008.
1718:morphinone reductase
1326:Equianalgesic doses
9423:4,5-Epoxymorphinans
9339:Ubenimex (bestatin)
9083:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
8691:β-Chlornaltrexamine
8661:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
8083:β-Chlornaltrexamine
7957:N-Benzylnaltrindole
7852:β-Chlornaltrexamine
7771:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
7436:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
7097:β-Chlornaltrexamine
7067:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
6294:α-Chlornaltrexamine
6021:Bibenzonium bromide
5378:General anesthetics
5282:Nicotine dependence
4691:Carbasalate calcium
3548:1995ApEnM..61.3645L
3452:on 17 February 2014
3316:"Switching Opioids"
3287:alfredhealth.org.au
3137:The Journal of Pain
2848:on 25 November 2015
1831:surgical anesthesia
1756:Society and culture
1665:Oppenauer oxidation
1624:With a formula of C
1589:blood–brain barrier
1553:shortness of breath
1327:
1247:
868:among others, is a
787:Solubility in water
32:
8901:Norbinaltorphimine
8208:Diacetylnalorphine
7897:Diacetylnalorphine
7521:Desmethylclozapine
7175:Diacetylnalorphine
6855:Papaver somniferum
6439:Chloroxymorphamine
6195:Never to phase III
5851:Cough suppressants
5532:Opioid antagonists
5392:Opioid antagonists
5370:Hydrogen cyanamide
5337:Alcohol dependence
5224:Never to phase III
5129:Analgesic adjuvant
5030:1.7/1.8-selective:
4696:Choline salicylate
4123:Dextropropoxyphene
3782:The New York Times
3713:on 15 January 2013
3606:10.1093/bja/aer232
3511:on 17 January 2015
3354:on 14 October 2012
1858:. 19 November 2019
1714:Pseudomonas putida
1541:
1324:
1245:
1047:activated charcoal
955:generic medication
920:serotonin syndrome
908:low blood pressure
434:Duration of action
362:SE: Förteckning II
9433:German inventions
9388:
9387:
9233:
9232:
9078:Nociceptin (1-11)
8949:
8948:
8078:14-Methoxymetopon
8035:
8034:
7952:Methylnaltrindole
7378:
7377:
7047:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
6659:Levacetylmethadol
6205:
6204:
6164:
6163:
5700:Guaiacolsulfonate
5680:Ammonium chloride
5620:
5619:
5499:Levacetylmethadol
5447:Opioid dependence
5365:Calcium carbimide
5234:
5233:
5069:
5068:
5053:Potassium openers
4990:Local anesthetics
4932:Alcohol (ethanol)
4869:
4868:
4768:methyl salicylate
4756:Sodium salicylate
4643:Meclofenamic acid
4318:+aspirin/caffeine
4283:
4282:
3542:(10): 3645–3649.
3411:(12): 2007–2027.
3348:That's Poppycock!
3030:978-0-7295-8162-2
3003:978-0-323-11374-8
2976:978-1-4496-1073-9
2620:10.1345/aph.1R784
1992:978-0-323-41494-4
1946:(31 March 2023).
1805:Use in executions
1564:aqueous solutions
1502:opioid analgesics
1491:
1490:
1322:
1321:
1077:hormone imbalance
1061:Hormone imbalance
924:opioid withdrawal
862:dihydromorphinone
855:
854:
776:Interactive image
666:CompTox Dashboard
355:
343:
330:
318:
306:
295:
283:
275:(Controlled drug)
270:
154:
121:
72:Dihydromorphinone
9465:
9405:
9404:
9403:
9396:
9268:
9195:Nociceptin (1-7)
9091:Norbuprenorphine
9028:Dihydroetorphine
8962:
8851:Methylnaltrexone
8761:Catechin gallate
8493:Norbuprenorphine
8218:Dihydroetorphine
8088:β-Funaltrexamine
8048:
7947:Methylnaltrexone
7887:Catechin gallate
7701:Norbuprenorphine
7541:Dihydroetorphine
7391:
7255:Methylnaltrexone
7147:Catechin gallate
7102:β-Funaltrexamine
6514:Dihydroetorphine
6257:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6209:
6096:Levodropropizine
5955:Levopropoxyphene
5901:Dextromethorphan
5856:
5743:Potassium iodide
5647:
5640:
5633:
5624:
5594:Chlordiazepoxide
5568:
5564:
5514:Dihydroetorphine
5462:
5458:
5422:
5418:
5348:
5322:
5318:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5238:
4924:Calcium blockers
4920:
4816:
4765:
4591:
4579:COX-2 inhibitors
4545:
4464:Tiaprofenic acid
4435:
4422:
4414:
4385:
4262:
4042:
3981:
3953:
3925:
3842:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3790:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3655:NPS Medicinewise
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3489:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3380:. Archived from
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3289:. Archived from
3284:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3230:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2841:. Archived from
2836:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2807:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2704:Rapid Drug Detox
2696:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2661:(5): 1043–1048.
2646:
2640:
2639:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2430:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2050:
2049:
2023:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1823:lethal injection
1815:supratherapeutic
1583:Pharmacokinetics
1526:biliary pressure
1512:. These include
1484:
1469:
1454:
1439:
1424:
1409:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1353:
1328:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1248:
960:
936:opioid receptors
860:, also known as
851:
850:
778:
758:
743:
740:
734:
728:
711:
700:
689:
688:
674:
672:
657:
637:
617:
597:
577:
557:
537:
517:
507:
506:
492:
424:
353:
350:
341:
338:
328:
325:
317:
314:
305:
302:
294:
291:
288:(Narcotic drugs)
281:
278:
268:
265:
243:
152:
149:
131:
120:
117:
104:
90:
64:Dilaudid, others
49:
40:
33:
31:
9473:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9413:
9412:
9411:
9401:
9399:
9391:
9389:
9384:
9266:
9229:
9160:
9145:
9086:
9008:
9000:
8992:
8988:
8980:
8957:
8945:
8741:Binaltorphimine
8686:6β-Naltrexol-d4
8649:
8268:Ethylketazocine
8223:Dihydromorphine
8043:
8031:
7842:6β-Naltrexol-d4
7815:
7571:Ethylketazocine
7546:Dihydromorphine
7386:
7374:
7082:6β-Naltrexol-d4
7035:
6834:Oxymorphonazine
6589:Furanylfentanyl
6519:Dihydromorphine
6374:Benzhydrocodone
6263:
6261:
6252:
6244:
6239:Opioid receptor
6236:
6206:
6201:
6200:
6185:Clinical trials
6160:
6056:Diphenhydramine
5994:
5869:and derivatives
5868:
5863:
5845:
5757:
5732:Syrup of ipecac
5661:
5651:
5621:
5616:
5579:Benzodiazepines
5566:
5547:
5460:
5441:
5420:
5331:
5320:
5276:
5269:drug dependence
5265:
5235:
5230:
5229:
5214:Clinical trials
5193:
5174:Phenazopyridine
5112:
5093:Cyclobenzaprine
5065:
5047:
5029:
4972:Sodium blockers
4966:
4914:
4907:
4865:
4824:
4814:
4773:
4763:
4657:
4653:Tolfenamic acid
4638:Flufenamic acid
4624:
4589:
4573:
4543:
4509:
4473:
4433:
4420:
4412:
4374:
4338:+metoclopramide
4279:
4260:
4081:
4040:
3979:
3962:Dihydromorphine
3951:
3923:
3899:
3831:
3817:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3487:Wayback Machine
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3384:on 12 June 2008
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3344:"Hydromorphone"
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3296:on 4 March 2016
3293:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3259:www.zalicus.com
3253:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2684:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2444:on 4 March 2016
2432:
2431:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2186:(8): CD011108.
2173:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2053:
2021:10.1.1.551.6509
2005:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1918:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1807:
1775:
1763:
1758:
1742:
1710:
1701:
1673:Wittig reaction
1669:methylene group
1659:in presence of
1651:), followed by
1645:dihydromorphine
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1605:
1585:
1557:bioavailability
1534:
1325:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1263:
1260:
1243:
1223:diphenhydramine
1215:brompheniramine
1195:chloral hydrate
1187:benzodiazepines
1167:
1129:Goose bump skin
1113:
1085:
1069:
1063:
1031:benzodiazepines
987:lightheadedness
967:
958:
846:
844:
839:
836:
831:
826:
825:
814:
811:
806:
805:
781:
756:
746:
737:
731:
692:
668:
660:
640:
620:
600:
580:
560:
540:
520:
503:
495:
475:
472:
467:
466:
422:
411:Onset of action
389:Protein binding
379:Bioavailability
371:Pharmacokinetic
365:
247:
191:
179:
167:
160:
141:
134:
24:
21:dihydromorphine
17:
12:
11:
5:
9471:
9469:
9461:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9415:
9414:
9410:
9409:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9382:
9372:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9269:-Phenylalanine
9263:
9258:
9253:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9234:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9158:
9153:
9151:
9147:
9146:
9144:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9096:Racemethorphan
9093:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9043:Levomethorphan
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9006:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8990:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8968:
8966:
8959:
8951:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8753:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8548:Racemethorphan
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8368:Levomethorphan
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8054:
8052:
8045:
8037:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7823:
7821:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7736:Racemethorphan
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7646:Levomethorphan
7643:
7641:Leu-enkephalin
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7397:
7395:
7388:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7320:Naltrexonazine
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6921:Racemethorphan
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6664:Levomethorphan
6661:
6656:
6654:Leu-enkephalin
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6614:Hydromorphinol
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6509:Dihydrocodeine
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6474:Dextromoramide
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6379:Benzylmorphine
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6309:Acetylfentanyl
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6254:
6246:
6245:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6212:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:Dihydrocodeine
5903:
5898:
5888:
5883:
5881:Benzylmorphine
5878:
5872:
5870:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5771:Acetylcysteine
5767:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5725:
5720:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5627:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5602:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5575:
5557:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5539:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5509:Dihydrocodeine
5506:
5501:
5496:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5451:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5241:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Methoxyflurane
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5057:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4987:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4812:Propyphenazone
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4787:Aminophenazone
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4648:Mefenamic acid
4645:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4428:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:Dextromoramide
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Hydromorphinol
3995:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3949:Dihydrocodeine
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3918:
3916:Benzylmorphine
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3854:
3852:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3785:, 17 June 2007
3774:
3769:
3764:
3757:
3756:External links
3754:
3751:
3750:
3739:. 24 July 2014
3724:
3694:
3683:on 14 May 2017
3668:
3642:
3620:
3599:(3): 319–328.
3579:
3522:
3490:
3472:
3463:
3430:
3395:
3365:
3335:
3307:
3271:
3246:
3217:
3176:
3164:
3123:
3077:
3056:(3): 381–400.
3036:
3029:
3009:
3002:
2982:
2975:
2955:
2920:
2879:
2859:
2823:
2791:
2772:
2744:
2716:
2682:
2641:
2598:
2579:(4): 545–550.
2560:
2525:
2506:(6): 569–571.
2490:
2455:
2422:
2401:
2380:
2355:
2325:
2297:
2290:
2270:
2263:
2240:
2215:
2166:
2159:
2139:
2112:(4): 152–156.
2096:
2051:
1998:
1991:
1969:
1935:
1916:
1896:
1889:
1869:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1806:
1803:
1774:
1771:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1738:
1726:hydromorphinol
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1604:
1601:
1584:
1581:
1533:
1530:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1371:20–30 mg
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1258:
1242:
1239:
1227:chlorphenamine
1211:antihistamines
1199:dimenhydrinate
1191:phenothiazines
1166:
1163:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:Abdominal pain
1112:
1109:
1084:
1081:
1065:Main article:
1062:
1059:
1023:hallucinations
966:
963:
893:under the skin
853:
852:
841:
840:
838:
837:
834:
832:
829:
821:
820:
819:
816:
815:
813:
812:
809:
801:
800:
799:
796:
795:
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
771:
769:
761:
760:
754:
748:
747:
744:
735:
729:
724:
718:
717:
713:
712:
702:
694:
693:
691:
690:
677:
675:
662:
661:
659:
658:
650:
648:
642:
641:
639:
638:
630:
628:
622:
621:
619:
618:
610:
608:
602:
601:
599:
598:
590:
588:
582:
581:
579:
578:
570:
568:
562:
561:
559:
558:
550:
548:
542:
541:
539:
538:
530:
528:
522:
521:
519:
518:
510:
508:
497:
496:
494:
493:
485:
483:
477:
476:
474:
473:
470:
462:
461:
460:
457:
456:
452:
451:
446:
440:
439:
436:
430:
429:
426:
417:
416:
413:
407:
406:
401:
395:
394:
391:
385:
384:
381:
375:
374:
367:
366:
364:
363:
360:
348:
336:
323:
312:
300:
289:
276:
262:
260:
254:
253:
249:
248:
246:
245:
232:
230:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
194:
192:administration
186:
185:
182:
174:
173:
170:
162:
161:
159:
158:
156:
146:
144:
136:
135:
133:
132:
114:
112:
106:
105:
98:
92:
91:
84:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9470:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9408:
9398:
9394:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9373:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9364:Pronociceptin
9362:
9360:
9359:Proenkephalin
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9236:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9155:
9154:
9152:
9148:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9018:Buprenorphine
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9003:
9001:
8995:
8993:
8983:
8981:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8963:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8751:Buprenorphine
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8701:Amentoflavone
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8625:
8624:nortriptyline
8621:
8617:
8613:
8612:amitriptyline
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8568:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8318:Hydromorphone
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8233:Diprenorphine
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8213:Difelikefalin
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8193:Cyprenorphine
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8138:Big dynorphin
8136:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8058:3CS-nalmefene
8056:
8055:
8053:
8049:
8046:
8042:
8038:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7902:Diprenorphine
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7818:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7606:Hydromorphone
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7516:Deltorphin II
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7401:3CS-nalmefene
7399:
7398:
7396:
7392:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7250:Methocinnamox
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7210:Ginsenoside R
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7180:Diprenorphine
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7057:3CS-nalmefene
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:Phencyclidine
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6829:Oxymorphazone
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6619:Hydromorphone
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6564:Ethylmorphine
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6554:Endomorphin-2
6552:
6550:
6549:Endomorphin-1
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6529:Diphenoxylate
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6414:Butyrfentanyl
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6399:Buprenorphine
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6314:Acrylfentanyl
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6289:ψ-Akuammigine
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6233:
6228:
6226:
6221:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6146:Prenoxdiazine
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:Pentoxyverine
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Dimethoxanate
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:Nicodicodeine
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5950:Levomethadone
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5940:Hydromorphone
5938:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Ethylmorphine
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5786:Carbocisteine
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5738:Levoverbenone
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5636:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5612:
5611:Phenobarbital
5608:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5489:Buprenorphine
5487:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5384:Nitrous oxide
5382:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5270:
5267:Treatment of
5262:
5257:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5103:Methocarbamol
5101:
5099:
5098:Mephenoxalone
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5088:Chlorzoxazone
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5018:amitriptyline
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4980:Carbamazepine
4978:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4438:Dexketoprofen
4432:
4429:
4426:
4418:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:Phenoperidine
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:Ethoheptazine
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Hydromorphone
4001:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Ethylmorphine
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3922:
3921:Buprenorphine
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:Semisynthetic
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3507:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3324:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3260:
3256:
3255:"zalicus.com"
3250:
3247:
3234:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2291:9780080462127
2287:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2264:9783527607495
2260:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2160:9780857113382
2156:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1923:
1919:
1917:9781455701506
1913:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1890:9781455701506
1886:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:hydrogenation
1646:
1642:
1637:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1562:Concentrated
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:Hydromorphone
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:Hydromorphone
1375:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:beta blockers
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:Neurotoxicity
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1055:hyperglycemia
1051:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
964:
962:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:breastfeeding
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:Hydromorphone
849:
842:
833:
828:
824:
817:
808:
804:
797:
793:
790:
788:
784:
777:
773:
772:
770:
767:
762:
755:
753:
749:
725:
723:
719:
714:
710:
706:
703:
701:
699:ECHA InfoCard
695:
687:
683:
682:DTXSID8023133
679:
678:
676:
667:
663:
656:
652:
651:
649:
647:
643:
636:
632:
631:
629:
627:
623:
616:
612:
611:
609:
607:
603:
596:
592:
591:
589:
587:
583:
576:
572:
571:
569:
567:
563:
556:
552:
551:
549:
547:
543:
536:
532:
531:
529:
527:
523:
516:
512:
511:
509:
502:
498:
491:
487:
486:
484:
482:
478:
469:
465:
458:
453:
450:
447:
445:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
425:
418:
414:
412:
408:
405:
402:
400:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
361:
359:
349:
347:
337:
334:
324:
322:
313:
310:
301:
299:
290:
287:
277:
274:
264:
263:
261:
259:
255:
250:
242:
237:
234:
233:
231:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
201:intramuscular
198:
195:
193:
187:
183:
181:
175:
171:
169:
163:
157:
148:
147:
145:
143:
137:
130:
129:Hydromorphone
125:
116:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
54:Clinical data
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
30:Hydromorphone
26:
22:
9375:
9354:Prodynorphin
9346:Propeptides:
9345:
9244:
9215:Thienorphine
9038:JNJ-19385899
9023:Cebranopadol
9005:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
8997:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
8681:6β-Naltrexol
8598:Thienorphine
8563:Salvinorin A
8363:Levallorphan
8317:
8168:Cebranopadol
8027:Thienorphine
7837:6β-Naltrexol
7621:JNJ-20788560
7616:Isomethadone
7605:
7511:Deltorphin I
7506:Deltorphin A
7486:Cebranopadol
7481:Casokefamide
7315:Naltrexazone
7305:Naloxonazine
7230:Levallorphan
7077:6β-Naltrexol
6976:Thienorphine
6931:Remifentanil
6853:
6784:Nicomorphine
6779:Nicodicodine
6734:Morphiceptin
6634:Ketobemidone
6618:
6469:Desomorphine
6454:DAMGO (DAGO)
6434:Cebranopadol
6429:Casokefamide
6066:Droxypropine
6061:Dropropizine
6041:Cloperastine
6011:Benproperine
5975:Normethadone
5939:
5934:+homatropine
5930:+guaifenesin
5895:+guaifenesin
5801:Dornase alfa
5717:+oxomemazine
5713:+hydrocodone
5667:Expectorants
5606:Barbiturates
5604:
5577:
5560:
5530:
5518:
5481:
5454:
5414:
5390:
5376:
5344:
5314:
5305:Mecamylamine
5108:Orphenadrine
5083:Carisoprodol
5075:Myorelaxants
5025:
4875:Cannabinoids
4841:Floctafenine
4746:Salicylamide
4425:+paracetamol
4417:Dexibuprofen
4405:Flurbiprofen
4395:Benoxaprofen
4370:Propacetamol
4360:Parapropamol
4328:+hydrocodone
4269:+paracetamol
4238:Remifentanil
4228:Proheptazine
4158:Ketobemidone
4098:Alphaprodine
4045:+paracetamol
4033:Nicomorphine
4028:Nicodicodine
4002:
3984:+paracetamol
3956:+paracetamol
3939:Desomorphine
3868:+paracetamol
3780:
3741:. Retrieved
3736:
3727:
3715:. Retrieved
3711:the original
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3654:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3623:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3506:the original
3493:
3475:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3447:the original
3433:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3386:. Retrieved
3382:the original
3377:
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
3352:the original
3347:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3322:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3291:the original
3286:
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3258:
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3232:
3220:
3196:(1): 22–34.
3193:
3189:
3179:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3096:(2): 84–96.
3093:
3089:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3019:
3012:
2992:
2985:
2965:
2958:
2936:(1): 69–76.
2933:
2929:
2923:
2899:(1): 89–93.
2896:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2850:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2838:
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2809:
2785:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2759:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2614:(7–8): e34.
2611:
2607:
2601:
2576:
2572:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2437:
2413:. Retrieved
2404:
2396:the original
2371:. Retrieved
2367:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2337:
2328:
2319:10665/371090
2309:
2300:
2280:
2273:
2253:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2218:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2150:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2082:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1982:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1906:
1899:
1879:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1829:
1827:
1808:
1795:
1780:
1776:
1773:Legal status
1768:
1764:
1745:
1743:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1689:
1681:
1657:benzophenone
1638:
1623:
1614:hyperalgesia
1606:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1577:
1573:
1561:
1542:
1532:Formulations
1492:
1397:1.5 mg
1384:7.5 mg
1356:200 mg
1304:MOR:DOR:KOR
1241:Pharmacology
1219:promethazine
1203:glutethimide
1183:barbiturates
1168:
1165:Interactions
1150:
1114:
1086:
1073:hypogonadism
1070:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1027:
1019:perspiration
1003:constipation
983:side effects
968:
965:Side effects
948:
901:
865:
861:
857:
856:
845:
655:ChEMBL398707
421:Elimination
415:15 to 30 min
258:Legal status
252:Legal status
209:subcutaneous
110:License data
25:
9428:Euphoriants
9284:Kelatorphan
9261:Candoxatril
9150:Antagonists
9101:Racemorphan
9068:NNC 63-0532
9053:Lexanopadol
9048:Levorphanol
8926:Quadazocine
8911:Pawhuskin A
8906:Noribogaine
8896:Navacaprant
8886:Naltrindole
8806:Epicatechin
8771:Clocinnamox
8654:Antagonists
8616:desipramine
8583:Samidorphan
8553:Racemorphan
8538:Phenazocine
8528:Pentazocine
8508:Norketamine
8503:Noribogaine
8463:Nalfurafine
8428:Mirtazapine
8418:Metkefamide
8378:Lexanopadol
8373:Levorphanol
8353:Laudanosine
8338:ICI-204,448
8333:ICI-199,441
8303:Hemorphin-4
8263:Erinacine E
8248:Eluxadoline
8238:Dynorphin A
8183:Cyclazocine
8158:Butorphanol
8143:Bremazocine
8118:Asimadoline
8108:Allomatrine
8098:Akuammicine
8007:Quadazocine
8002:Pawhuskin A
7997:Noribogaine
7982:Naltrindole
7922:Epicatechin
7917:Eluxadoline
7892:Clocinnamox
7820:Antagonists
7751:Samidorphan
7741:Racemorphan
7721:Oxymorphone
7681:Mitragynine
7676:Metkefamide
7656:Lexanopadol
7651:Levorphanol
7636:Laudanosine
7601:Hydrocodone
7596:Hemorphin-4
7496:Cyclazocine
7471:Butorphanol
7446:β-Endorphin
7365:Samidorphan
7360:Quadazocine
7350:Pawhuskin A
7340:Noribogaine
7330:Naltrindole
7265:Naldemedine
7195:Epicatechin
7152:Clocinnamox
7040:Antagonists
7011:Tubotaiwine
6996:Trimebutine
6926:Racemorphan
6896:Piritramide
6881:Phenazocine
6866:Pentazocine
6839:Oxymorphone
6804:Oliceridine
6789:Norketamine
6774:Nicocodeine
6759:Naltalimide
6724:Mitragynine
6714:Metkefamide
6684:Loxicodegol
6674:Lexanopadol
6669:Levorphanol
6644:Laudanosine
6609:Hydrocodone
6604:Hodgkinsine
6594:Hemorphin-4
6584:Frakefamide
6544:Embutramide
6539:Dynorphin A
6499:Eluxadoline
6489:Dimenoxadol
6424:Carfentanil
6409:Butorphanol
6384:Bezitramide
6354:β-Endorphin
6344:Anileridine
6334:Akuammidine
6329:Akuammicine
6299:α-Narcotine
6181:from market
6141:Piperidione
6106:Moguisteine
6016:Benzonatate
6006:Alloclamide
5965:Nicocodeine
5926:Hydrocodone
5886:Butorphanol
5831:Neltenexine
5728:Ipecacuanha
5705:Guaifenesin
5675:Althea root
5360:Acamprosate
5310:Varenicline
5210:from market
5154:Frunevetmab
5134:Bedinvetmab
5043:PF-05089771
4952:Mirogabalin
4913:Ion channel
4883:Cannabidiol
4836:Benzydamine
4779:Pyrazolones
4761:Wintergreen
4711:Ethenzamide
4706:Dipyrocetyl
4663:Salicylates
4605:Lumiracoxib
4541:Indometacin
4469:Zaltoprofen
4388:Propionates
4298:Acetanilide
4289:Paracetamol
4223:Piritramide
4208:Phenazocine
4203:Phenadoxone
4193:Pentazocine
4188:Oliceridine
4183:Norpipanone
4152:+fluanisone
4133:Dimenoxadol
4113:Carfentanil
4108:Bezitramide
4103:Anileridine
4072:Papaveretum
4067:Oxymorphone
4061:+naltrexone
4023:Nicocodeine
4008:Levorphanol
3977:Hydrocodone
3934:Butorphanol
3879:+naltrexone
3388:2 September
3328:2 September
3323:mcmaster.ca
3300:2 September
3264:2 September
2415:19 November
1783:Schedule II
1730:oxymorphone
1685:hydrocodone
1675:to produce
1569:oxymorphone
1549:intrathecal
1478:Oxymorphone
1472:10 mg
1463:Oxymorphone
1457:10 mg
1442:20 mg
1427:10 mg
1412:30 mg
1362:Hydrocodone
1171:anesthetics
759: g·mol
705:100.006.713
455:Identifiers
346:Schedule II
205:intravenous
96:MedlinePlus
69:Other names
60:Trade names
9417:Categories
9379:Kyotorphin
9324:Spinorphin
9205:SB-612,111
9200:Nocistatin
9170:BAN-ORL-24
9121:SCH-486757
9116:SCH-221510
8955:Nociceptin
8916:PF-4455242
8891:Naringenin
8881:Naltrexone
8841:LY-2795050
8836:LY-2459989
8831:LY-2444296
8826:LY-2196044
8811:Hyperoside
8726:Aticaprant
8620:imipramine
8543:Proxorphan
8518:Oxilorphan
8488:Niravoline
8478:Nalorphine
8453:Nalbuphine
8438:Moxazocine
8413:Metazocine
8383:Lofentanil
8348:Ketazocine
8308:Herkinorin
8288:Gemazocine
8278:Fedotozine
8258:Eptazocine
8188:Cyclorphan
8173:Ciprefadol
7992:Naringenin
7972:Naltrexone
7967:Nalorphine
7942:LY-2196044
7932:ICI-174864
7927:ICI-154129
7872:Bevenopran
7847:α-Santolol
7811:Zenazocine
7791:Tonazocine
7746:RWJ-394674
7731:Proglumide
7671:Metazocine
7661:Lofentanil
7591:Fluorophen
7355:Rimonabant
7345:Oxilorphan
7335:Naringenin
7325:Naltrexone
7290:Naloxazone
7280:Nalorphine
7245:LY-2196044
7215:Hyperoside
7205:Gemazocine
7200:Eptazocine
7137:Bevenopran
6981:Tianeptine
6956:Tapentadol
6951:Sufentanil
6946:Sinomenine
6936:Salsolinol
6891:Piminodine
6809:Oxycodegol
6799:Octreotide
6794:Nufenoxole
6744:Nalbuphine
6699:Meptazinol
6679:Loperamide
6649:Lefetamine
6599:Herkinorin
6579:Fluorophen
6534:Dipipanone
6459:Dermorphin
6349:Apparicine
6339:Alfentanil
6262:(abridged;
6242:modulators
6151:Tipepidine
6136:Pipazetate
6116:Nepinalone
6111:Morclofone
6101:Meprotixol
6091:Isoaminile
6081:Gefapixant
6036:Clofedanol
6031:Clobutinol
6026:Butamirate
5985:Pholcodine
5911:Dimemorfan
5862:alkaloids,
5816:Letosteine
5811:Erdosteine
5806:Eprazinone
5781:Bromhexine
5763:Mucolytics
5537:Naltrexone
5471:Lofexidine
5410:Topiramate
5398:Naltrexone
5355:Disulfiram
5184:Rimazolium
5179:Proglumide
5124:Analgecine
5061:Flupirtine
5004:Mexiletine
4985:Lacosamide
4962:Ziconotide
4957:Pregabalin
4947:Leconotide
4937:Gabapentin
4915:modulators
4898:Nabiximols
4861:Proquazone
4856:Nimesulide
4851:Nabumetone
4802:Nifenazone
4716:Guacetisal
4701:Diflunisal
4686:Benorylate
4620:Valdecoxib
4600:Etoricoxib
4531:Diclofenac
4521:Acemetacin
4490:Lornoxicam
4444:Loxoprofen
4431:Ketoprofen
4400:Fenoprofen
4365:Phenacetin
4343:+oxycodone
4333:+ibuprofen
4265:+celecoxib
4248:Tapentadol
4243:Sufentanil
4218:Piminodine
4168:Meptazinol
4163:Lofentanil
4138:Dipipanone
4093:Alfentanil
4053:+ibuprofen
4018:Nalbuphine
3988:+ibuprofen
3820:Analgesics
3717:17 January
3661:7 December
3657:. May 2009
3515:5 November
3456:5 November
3378:rxlist.com
3358:5 November
3239:5 November
3143:(4): S52.
2852:5 November
2816:5 November
2765:5 November
2737:5 November
2709:5 November
2448:5 November
2373:14 January
2348:14 January
1838:References
1734:morphinone
1603:Metabolism
1487:1 mg
1252:Affinities
1126:Depression
1111:Withdrawal
940:equivalent
764:3D model (
752:Molar mass
635:CHEBI:5790
595:Q812464R06
566:ChemSpider
526:IUPHAR/BPS
481:CAS Number
464:IUPAC name
438:4 to 5 hrs
399:Metabolism
309:Anlage III
298:Schedule I
216:Drug class
166:Dependence
9334:Tynorphin
9329:Thiorphan
9309:Opiorphan
9251:Amastatin
9180:J-113,397
9141:TH-030418
9111:Ro65-6570
9106:Ro64-6198
9033:Etorphine
8941:Zyklophin
8931:Taxifolin
8821:LY-255582
8781:Cyclofoxy
8731:Axelopran
8645:Xorphanol
8635:U-54,494A
8603:Tifluadom
8593:TH-030418
8523:Oxycodone
8513:Oripavine
8483:Naltriben
8468:Nalmefene
8423:Mianserin
8393:Lufuradom
8298:GR-103545
8273:Etorphine
8253:Enadoline
8153:Butorphan
8148:BRL-52537
8113:Apadoline
8022:Taxifolin
8017:SoRI-9409
7977:Naltriben
7962:Nalmefene
7937:LY-255582
7867:Axelopran
7806:Xorphanol
7776:TH-030418
7756:SB-235863
7716:Oxycodone
7711:Oripavine
7576:Etorphine
7466:Butorphan
7431:Amoxapine
7370:Taxifolin
7295:Naloxegol
7270:Nalmefene
7240:LY-255582
7170:Cyprodime
7165:Cyclofoxy
7132:Axelopran
7112:Alvimopan
7107:Akuammine
7092:α-Gliadin
7031:Xorphanol
7021:Valorphin
6966:TH-030418
6824:Oxycodone
6819:Oripavine
6754:Nalmexone
6709:Methadone
6689:LS-115509
6569:Etorphine
6559:Eseroline
6404:Butorphan
6265:full list
6191:Phase III
6179:Withdrawn
6126:Oxolamine
6076:Fominoben
6071:Fedrilate
5980:Noscapine
5960:Methadone
5841:Stepronin
5753:Tyloxapol
5589:Lorazepam
5572:Clonidine
5542:Nalmefene
5504:Methadone
5493:+naloxone
5466:Clonidine
5426:Clonidine
5403:Nalmefene
5349:inhibitor
5326:Clonidine
5290:Bupropion
5220:Phase III
5208:Withdrawn
5189:Tanezumab
5149:Clonidine
5144:Capsaicin
4998:lidocaine
4846:Glafenine
4807:Phenazone
4751:Salsalate
4681:Aloxiprin
4630:Fenamates
4615:Rofecoxib
4610:Parecoxib
4594:+tramadol
4587:Celecoxib
4569:Zomepirac
4554:Ketorolac
4526:Bromfenac
4505:Tenoxicam
4500:Piroxicam
4495:Meloxicam
4454:Oxaprozin
4410:Ibuprofen
4353:+tramadol
4308:Butacetin
4173:Methadone
4086:Synthetic
4057:+naloxone
4038:Oxycodone
3967:Etorphine
3928:+naloxone
3895:Paregoric
3635:16 August
3159:1526-5900
2471:(6): 25.
2228:Drugs.com
2083:Drugs.com
2016:CiteSeerX
1962:16 August
1928:20 August
1856:Drugs.com
1819:midazolam
1809:In 2009,
1653:oxidation
1641:reduction
1620:Chemistry
1522:dysphoria
1514:analgesia
1448:Oxycodone
1433:Oxycodone
1179:hypnotics
1175:sedatives
1159:Clonidine
1154:Methadone
1105:pethidine
1097:agitation
1093:myoclonus
1033:(such as
991:dizziness
928:pregnancy
870:morphinan
444:Excretion
428:2–3 hours
423:half-life
190:Routes of
180:liability
178:Addiction
168:liability
140:Pregnancy
88:Monograph
82:Drugs.com
9407:Medicine
9220:Trap-101
9210:SR-16430
9131:SR-16435
8985:(PheΨ(CH
8965:Agonists
8876:Naloxone
8786:Dezocine
8756:Catechin
8711:Apigenin
8640:U-69,593
8433:Morphine
8403:MB-1C-OH
8343:Ketamine
8328:Ibogaine
8293:GR-89696
8283:Fentanyl
8163:BW373U86
8051:Agonists
8041:κ-opioid
7987:Naloxone
7882:Catechin
7857:Apigenin
7796:Tramadol
7781:Thebaine
7691:Morphine
7611:Ibogaine
7581:Fentanyl
7561:DPI-3290
7531:Dezocine
7476:BW373U86
7456:Biphalin
7421:ADL-5859
7394:Agonists
7384:δ-opioid
7310:Naloxone
7235:Lobeline
7220:Ibogaine
7142:Catechin
7122:Apigenin
6991:Tramadol
6986:Tilidine
6971:Thebaine
6941:SC-17599
6911:Propiram
6871:Pericine
6814:OM-3-MNZ
6739:Morphine
6629:Ketamine
6574:Fentanyl
6484:Dezocine
6419:BW373U86
6389:Biphalin
6274:3-HO-PCP
6260:Agonists
6250:μ-opioid
6156:Zipeprol
6121:Oxeladin
6086:Glaucine
6046:Dibunate
5990:Thebacon
5945:Laudanum
5836:Sobrerol
5821:Mannitol
5796:Domiodol
5776:Ambroxol
5709:+codeine
5695:Creosote
5599:Oxazepam
5584:Diazepam
5477:Ibogaine
5437:Phenibut
5432:Baclofen
5300:Lobeline
5295:Cytisine
5159:Ketamine
5038:Funapide
5033:DSP-2230
4893:Nabilone
4888:Cannabis
4792:Ampyrone
4564:Tolmetin
4559:Sulindac
4536:Etodolac
4514:Acetates
4485:Isoxicam
4459:Suprofen
4449:Naproxen
4323:+codeine
4258:Tramadol
4253:Tilidine
4233:Propiram
4148:Fentanyl
4128:Dezocine
4077:Thebacon
4049:+aspirin
3992:+aspirin
3890:Laudanum
3875:Morphine
3863:+aspirin
3737:BBC News
3615:21841049
3483:Archived
3425:24290733
3212:17309136
3118:22849970
3110:11305075
3072:18488078
2950:11197347
2786:Medscape
2636:21782204
2628:23715067
2593:15353098
2555:23414717
2520:16308048
2368:ClinCalc
2342:Archived
2338:ClinCalc
2308:(2023).
2233:15 April
2210:34350974
2134:29864565
2089:15 April
2046:22694749
2038:12818953
1956:Archived
1922:Archived
1817:dose of
1750:laudanum
1746:Dilaudid
1708:Bacteria
1671:via the
1545:epidural
1518:euphoria
1495:μ-opioid
1418:Morphine
1403:Morphine
1331:Compound
1318:1:39:53
1147:Vomiting
1144:Sweating
1035:diazepam
1015:headache
1011:vomiting
995:sedation
985:include
971:morphine
944:morphine
912:seizures
897:Cochrane
866:Dilaudid
848:(verify)
792:HCl salt
546:DrugBank
490:466-99-9
286:Class A1
228:ATC code
197:By mouth
142:category
124:DailyMed
9448:Phenols
9438:Ketones
9376:Others:
9304:RB-3007
9256:BL-2401
9225:UFP-101
9190:NalBzOH
9185:JTC-801
9126:SR-8993
9063:MT-7716
9013:BU08070
8866:MR-2266
8846:MeJDTic
8776:CVL-354
8746:BU09059
8736:AZ-MTAB
8716:Arodyne
8676:6'-GNTI
8671:5'-GNTI
8630:U-50488
8610:(e.g.,
8458:NalBzOH
8443:MR-2034
8408:Menthol
8398:Matrine
8133:BAM-22P
8128:BAM-18P
8123:BAM-12P
8063:6'-GNTI
7832:5'-NTII
7766:SNC-162
7706:NalBzOH
7626:KNT-127
7556:DPI-221
7491:Codeine
7451:BAM-18P
7441:AZD2327
7406:6'-GNTI
7300:Naloxol
7026:Viminol
7016:U-47700
7001:TRIMU 5
6906:Prodine
6849:OxyPNPH
6764:Neopine
6749:NalBzOH
6719:Metopon
6694:Matrine
6444:Codeine
6394:BU08070
6369:BAM-22P
6364:BAM-18P
6359:BAM-12P
6324:AH-7921
5891:Codeine
5865:opioids
5690:Cineole
5483:Opioids
5164:Menthol
5139:Camphor
5016:(e.g.,
5009:Nefopam
4994:cocaine
4992:(e.g.,
4741:Salicin
4478:Oxicams
4303:Bucetin
4275:Viminol
4013:Metopon
3858:Codeine
3846:Opiates
3837:Opioids
3743:24 July
3687:26 July
3574:7487001
3544:Bibcode
3203:2080496
3063:2386360
2915:6131140
2906:2561435
2677:8610865
2485:1377371
2465:Nursing
2201:8406835
2126:6165742
1740:History
1609:codeine
1498:agonist
1347:Codeine
1315:24.9 nM
1312:18.5 nM
1309:0.47 nM
1235:alcohol
999:itching
757:285.343
722:Formula
575:4447624
555:DB00327
515:5284570
501:PubChem
333:Class A
321:Class B
319::
307::
296::
244:)
238: (
236:N02AA03
155: C
126::
102:a682013
9393:Portal
9314:Selank
9299:RB-120
9294:RB-101
9238:Others
9165:AT-076
9058:MCOPPB
8721:AT-076
8567:salvia
8448:N-MPPP
8388:LPK-26
8012:SDM25N
7862:AT-076
7801:TRV250
7761:SNC-80
7631:Kratom
7411:7-SIOM
7127:AT-076
7117:AM-251
7006:TRV734
6901:PL-017
6639:Kratom
6624:IBNtxA
6174:WHO-EM
5921:Heroin
5748:Senega
5203:WHO-EM
5117:Others
4829:Others
4815:
4764:
4590:
4544:
4434:
4421:
4413:
4380:NSAIDs
4261:
4041:
3980:
3952:
3924:
3613:
3572:
3565:167664
3562:
3423:
3235:. 2010
3210:
3200:
3157:
3116:
3108:
3070:
3060:
3027:
3000:
2973:
2948:
2913:
2903:
2812:. 2007
2675:
2634:
2626:
2591:
2553:
2518:
2483:
2288:
2261:
2208:
2198:
2157:
2132:
2124:
2044:
2036:
2018:
1989:
1944:Anvisa
1914:
1887:
1862:16 May
1728:, and
1693:heroin
1269:Ratio
1233:, and
1201:, and
1138:Nausea
1099:, and
1089:tremor
1021:, and
1007:nausea
975:heroin
959:
918:, and
889:muscle
881:cancer
873:opioid
803:SMILES
646:ChEMBL
615:D08047
449:Kidney
356:
344:
331:
284:
271:
221:Opioid
122:
9319:Semax
8958:(NOP)
8936:UPHIT
8921:RB-64
8861:ML350
8856:ML190
8816:JDTic
8791:DIPPA
8558:RB-64
8313:HS665
8178:CR665
8073:18-MC
8068:8-CAC
8044:(KOR)
7566:DSLET
7551:DPDPE
7501:DADLE
7461:BU-48
7387:(DOR)
7225:JDTic
7087:18-MC
6916:PZM21
6860:opium
6769:NFEPP
6449:DADLE
6253:(MOR)
5999:Other
5860:Opium
5826:Mesna
4291:-type
4178:NFEPP
3885:Opium
3850:opium
3509:(PDF)
3502:(PDF)
3450:(PDF)
3443:(PDF)
3319:(PDF)
3294:(PDF)
3283:(PDF)
3229:(PDF)
3114:S2CID
2846:(PDF)
2835:(PDF)
2806:(PDF)
2632:S2CID
2130:S2CID
2042:S2CID
1791:ACSCN
1761:Names
1655:with
1335:Route
904:abuse
891:, or
823:InChI
794:: 333
766:JSmol
626:ChEBI
404:Liver
8706:ANTI
8323:HZ-2
7877:BNTX
7160:CTOP
7156:CTAP
5273:N07B
3828:N02B
3824:N02A
3745:2014
3719:2014
3689:2014
3663:2020
3637:2016
3611:PMID
3570:PMID
3517:2015
3458:2015
3421:PMID
3390:2017
3360:2012
3330:2017
3302:2017
3266:2017
3241:2015
3208:PMID
3155:ISSN
3106:PMID
3068:PMID
3025:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2946:PMID
2911:PMID
2854:2015
2818:2015
2767:2015
2739:2015
2711:2015
2673:PMID
2624:PMID
2589:PMID
2551:PMID
2516:PMID
2481:PMID
2450:2015
2417:2014
2375:2024
2350:2024
2286:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2235:2019
2206:PMID
2184:2021
2155:ISBN
2122:PMID
2091:2019
2034:PMID
1987:ISBN
1964:2023
1930:2019
1912:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1864:2020
1508:and
1340:Dose
973:and
946:IV.
877:pain
606:KEGG
586:UNII
535:7082
373:data
184:High
172:High
78:AHFS
8801:ECG
8796:EGC
7912:EGC
7907:ECG
7586:FIT
7190:EGC
7185:ECG
5658:R05
3601:doi
3597:107
3560:PMC
3552:doi
3413:doi
3233:FDA
3198:PMC
3145:doi
3098:doi
3058:PMC
2938:doi
2901:PMC
2810:FDA
2663:doi
2616:doi
2581:doi
2543:doi
2539:126
2508:doi
2473:doi
2314:hdl
2196:PMC
2188:doi
2114:doi
2026:doi
1752:).
1643:to
1547:or
1520:or
1296:KOR
1286:DOR
1276:MOR
1229:),
1075:or
930:or
671:EPA
505:CID
393:20%
241:WHO
9419::
9267:D
8622:,
8618:,
8614:,
6187::
5932:,
5715:,
5711:,
5563:AA
5457:AA
5417:AA
5347:AD
5317:AA
5216::
5026:Na
4996:,
4267:,
4059:,
4055:,
4051:,
4047:,
3990:,
3986:,
3826:,
3779:,
3735:.
3705:.
3653:.
3609:.
3595:.
3591:.
3568:.
3558:.
3550:.
3540:61
3538:.
3534:.
3419:.
3409:35
3407:.
3376:.
3346:.
3321:.
3285:.
3257:.
3231:.
3206:.
3194:48
3192:.
3188:.
3167:^
3153:.
3135:.
3112:.
3104:.
3092:.
3080:^
3066:.
3052:.
3048:.
2944:.
2932:.
2909:.
2897:75
2895:.
2891:.
2862:^
2837:.
2808:.
2794:^
2784:.
2758:.
2747:^
2730:.
2719:^
2702:.
2685:^
2671:.
2659:82
2657:.
2653:.
2630:.
2622:.
2612:47
2610:.
2587:.
2575:.
2563:^
2549:.
2537:.
2514:.
2504:31
2502:.
2479:.
2469:22
2467:.
2436:.
2425:^
2383:^
2366:.
2340:.
2336:.
2243:^
2226:.
2204:.
2194:.
2182:.
2178:.
2142:^
2128:.
2120:.
2110:21
2108:.
2081:.
2054:^
2040:.
2032:.
2024:.
2012:97
2010:.
1920:.
1854:.
1632:NO
1630:19
1626:17
1483:IV
1468:PO
1453:IV
1438:PO
1423:IV
1408:PO
1393:IV
1380:PO
1367:PO
1352:PO
1225:,
1221:,
1217:,
1197:,
1193:,
1189:,
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1173:,
1095:,
1091:,
1079:.
1017:,
1013:,
1009:,
1005:,
1001:,
997:,
993:,
989:,
914:,
910:,
906:,
887:,
736:19
730:17
352:UN
340:US
327:UK
316:NZ
304:DE
293:CA
280:BR
273:S8
267:AU
207:,
203:,
199:,
151:AU
119:US
9395::
9248::
9159:2
9085:2
9007:2
8999:2
8991:2
8987:2
8979:2
8626:)
8569:)
8565:(
6862:)
6858:(
6267:)
6231:e
6224:t
6217:v
5936:)
5928:(
5897:)
5893:(
5867:,
5734:)
5730:(
5719:)
5707:(
5660:)
5656:(
5646:e
5639:t
5632:v
5613:)
5609:(
5601:)
5582:(
5574:)
5570:(
5544:)
5535:(
5495:)
5491:(
5473:)
5464:(
5428:)
5424:(
5328:)
5324:(
5275:)
5271:(
5260:e
5253:t
5246:v
5028:v
5020:)
5000:)
4821:)
4817:(
4770:)
4766:(
4677:)
4673:(
4596:)
4592:(
4550:)
4546:(
4440:)
4436:(
4427:)
4423:(
4419:)
4415:(
4271:)
4263:(
4154:)
4150:(
4063:)
4043:(
3994:)
3982:(
3958:)
3954:(
3930:)
3926:(
3881:)
3877:(
3848:/
3830:)
3822:(
3812:e
3805:t
3798:v
3747:.
3721:.
3691:.
3665:.
3639:.
3617:.
3603::
3576:.
3554::
3546::
3519:.
3460:.
3427:.
3415::
3392:.
3362:.
3332:.
3304:.
3268:.
3243:.
3214:.
3161:.
3147::
3141:7
3120:.
3100::
3094:9
3074:.
3054:3
3033:.
3006:.
2979:.
2952:.
2940::
2934:9
2917:.
2856:.
2820:.
2788:.
2769:.
2741:.
2713:.
2679:.
2665::
2638:.
2618::
2595:.
2583::
2577:7
2557:.
2545::
2522:.
2510::
2487:.
2475::
2452:.
2419:.
2377:.
2352:.
2316::
2294:.
2267:.
2237:.
2212:.
2190::
2163:.
2136:.
2116::
2093:.
2048:.
2028::
1995:.
1966:.
1932:.
1893:.
1866:.
1663:(
1634:3
1628:H
1266:)
1259:i
1257:K
1254:(
1213:(
768:)
745:3
742:O
739:N
733:H
727:C
673:)
669:(
354::
342::
329::
282::
269::
153::
80:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
