462:). This was a mountainous area, but there were wide plains in between. Many Koreans came here and worked in agriculture. Around this time, the Korean population in Heunggyeong-hyeon showed remarkable development, reaching a significant 65,000 people. Accordingly, an independence movement organization based on Korean compatriots here was formed and began to show significant development. At this time, independence movement organizations formed in Heunggyeong-hyeon included the Korean Association and the Korean Independence Volunteer Corps. In this year, he taught children as a teacher at Heungdong School, an ethnic school in Heunggyeong-hyeon, and joined these organizations and worked as an executive.
669:, the Korean Liberation Movement also moved to Chongqing and continued its anti-Japanese struggle by supporting the Provisional Government. In the same year, he was appointed as a member of the Military Studies Compilation Committee under the Ministry of Military Affairs of the Provisional Government and worked with Cho Seong-hwan, Yoo Dong-yeol, Ji Cheong-cheon, and Kim Hak-gyu. As the international situation improved favorably after the Sino-Japanese War, in the spring of 1938, he appealed to those around him for the unification of the Korean Revolutionary Party, the Korean National Revolutionary Party, and the Korean Independence Party, which had similar ideologies. Accordingly, on May 7, 1938,
491:
independence movement. However, the
Western Military Government was unable to launch a full-scale war of independence due to its own limitations and pressure from the Chinese warlord regime and the Japanese consulate. Accordingly, the teacher gathered a new group of relatively young and energetic people and organized the Gwanghandan, an anti-Japanese armed struggle organization, in Hyangno-gu, Guanzhen County, Fengtian Province, China, in February 1920. About 40 people participated in this organization, including Hyeon Jeong-gyeong (real name 玄炳根), a relative from the same family, Lee Ho-won (李浩源), Kim Seok-seon (金錫善), and Hong Won-kyung (洪元京).
495:
Therefore, the teacher was wanted by the
Japanese and escaped several times, but was eventually arrested by the Japanese police and sentenced to three years in prison. However, after being released from prison in 1924, he crossed the Yalu River again and joined Tonguibu (統義府), an integrated organization of the independence movement in southern Manchuria. At this time, he took on the important role of Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee and was mainly responsible for negotiations with Chinese officials, while also working closely with the Provisional Government in Shanghai.
559:
Do-seon - former righteous army general) to persuade him to join the Bureau of
Justice and Military Prefecture. As a result, Korean compatriots from the Baekdu Mountain area, hundreds of kilometers away from Jilin, the center of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture, were recruited as members of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. As a result, he succeeded in subsuming the Heungeopdan faction, which was based in the areas of Fusong, Ando, and Jangbaek County, into the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture organizational system.
547:, Oh Dong-jin, and Kim Dong-sam, and he joined the group. By participating in this, he worked hard to fight against Japan and stabilize the lives of his Korean compatriots. He was especially active as a member of the central executive committee and head of the finance department of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. He promoted the financial management of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture and the stabilization of the lives of Korean compatriots.
662:, and the Korean Revolutionary Party, and six Korean organizations organized in Hawaii, Mexico, and other places formed the Korean Liberation Advancement Line. A group was formed and the anti-Japanese front was reorganized. Here,he served as an operational executive and worked with his comrades to publish and distribute magazines, leaflets, slogans, etc. He also served as a member of the Military Committee of the Provisional Government.
567:
organization called 'Sangjogye', saying, "Independence is something that cannot succeed, and only takes away the people's money." Through this, he encouraged his compatriots to not fulfill their duties to the government and hindered the independence movement. When the independence army passed by, he reported it to the
Chinese police and had them hand over the currency to the Japanese consulate police.
603:
People's
Prefecture (國民府). On May 28 of this year, when the Central Executive Committee of the National People's Prefecture was formed, he took over as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and worked hard to stabilize the lives of Koreans, provide national education, leading the independence movement, and purge pro-Japanese factions and Japanese ruling institutions.
695:
Government gave low living expenses to the youth of the Korean
Revolutionary Party. One theory is that Lee Un-hwan caused the incident at the instigation of Park Chang-se, who defected to the pro-Japanese faction. For this incident, Lee Un-Hwan was arrested and imprisoned in a Chinese prison, but escaped from prison during the Sino-Japanese War and went missing.
516:
at the age of 30, he entered the
Shinheung Military Academy branch established in Hani River, Tonghua County, West Jiandao, and studied military studies. At that time, there were many young people who came to Shinheung Military Academy after the March 1st Movement. The teacher completed a six-month course at the Haniha Shinheung Military Academy branch.
724:“He was a bright person and knew a lot. In the past, as the head of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture in Manchuria, he fought fiercely for the independence movement even though he was surrounded on three sides by Japanese pirates, the Communist Party, and pro-Japanese elements under Jang Jak-rim (張作霖).”
618:, the capital of Liaoning Province, and proposed a joint struggle between Korea and China to the powerful figures in the local government. He conveyed to him the ‘General Statement on the Situation of Hangyo in Dongseong Province’ and the ‘Memorandum of Opinion on Collaboration of the Korean-Chinese Peoples’.
712:
602:
In March 1929, as a representative of the Bureau of
Justice and Military Prefecture, he joined Lee Dong-rim, Go I-heo, Go Hwal-sin, Choi Dong-wook, Lee Tak, etc. as a member of the integrated independence movement organization in southern Manchuria. He participated in the organization of the National
570:
Leaders of the Bureau of
Justice and Military Prefecture and independence fighters, including Hyeon Ik-cheol, warned him several times. Nevertheless, Shin Han-cheol still interfered with the independence movement and acted pro-Japanese. Accordingly, in September 1926, the teacher sent five members of
558:
In
Chacheon-ri, he also devoting himself to the independence movement by uniting small independence movement groups in deep mountainous remote areas such as Fusong, Jangbaek, and Ando-hyeon at the foot of Mt. Baekdu to form ‘Heungeopdan.’ A representative was dispatched to Cha Do-seon (real name: Cha
550:
The Hyeon focused his attention on the education of children and youth in areas under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. The Hyeon created textbooks for children's education at the level of the Ministry of Justice and supported the education of the second generation of
515:
was active. The Korean military policy aimed to wage a strong war of independence and focused on the training and training of independent troops. Hyun felt the need to participate in the armed independence war. He decided to receive a systematic military education and military training. Accordingly,
694:
The reason why Lee Un-hwan fired shots at the members of the Provisional Government was because they insisted on their own opinions and made little progress in unifying the movement front, and the dissatisfaction that had been building up exploded because Kim Gu and other leaders of the Provisional
566:
factions. There was an Oriental medicine doctor named Shin Han-cheol in Kwaedaemuja, Tonghwa-hyeon, not far from the headquarters of Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture. He said that independence activists participating in the Ministry of Justice and other organizations created a pro-Japanese
483:
lineage and was devoted to the development and training of independence troops with the goal of a powerful war of independence. It was in close contact with the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai and served it. During this process, he realized the necessity of participating
470:
Meanwhile, in 1919, as the March 1st Movement unfolded widely in Korea and the enthusiasm for the independence movement greatly increased, the teacher made a new decision and moved his activities to the North Gando region, where Korean compatriots were at the center. In particular, he continued the
626:
In 1931, while going to Bongcheon for diplomatic negotiations, he was caught by the Japanese police and sentenced to seven years in prison by the Sinuiju District Court after a Korean spy tipped them off. When he was released on sick bail while serving a sentence in Sinuiju Prison, he succeeded in
527:
In April 1921, he was based in Myoja-gu, Gwanjeon-hyeon, and dispatched nine members, including Kim Jun-kyung, to the country to conduct an operation to raise military funds in the Jeongju area of North Pyongan Province. However, they were caught by the Japanese police. In the end, the teacher was
698:
Hyeon Ik-cheol was seriously injured and was taken to the hospital, but he died shortly after arriving. The teacher, who had campaigned for independence with unwavering will for over 20 years, died on May 7, 1938, without ever seeing his country liberated. The Provisional Government buried him on
685:
Lee Un-hwan, a member of the Korean Revolutionary Party who had been funded by Kim Ku because he wanted to go on a special operation from Nanjing to Shanghai, suddenly rushed in and fired a pistol. Kim Ku was hit by the first bullet, and Hyeon by the second bullet, Yoo by the third, and Ji by the
523:
an independence movement organization in the West Jiandao region. Hyeon Ik-cheol gathered 40 young people and founded Gwanghandan, an anti-Japanese armed struggle organization, in Hyangno-gu, Guanzhen County, Bongcheon Province, China, in February 1920. Together with his Gwanghandan comrades, he
494:
In particular, in April 1921, the teacher dispatched nine members, including Kim Jun-gyeong, to the country based in Myoja-gu, Gwanjeon-hyeon, and carried out an operation to raise military funds in the Jeongju area of North Pyongan Province . However, they were soon arrested by Japanese police.
606:
In May 1929, he served as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the National People’s Prefecture, and was appointed as the representative of the National Unique Party Organizational Alliance, and at the end of the same year, he also served as Central Executive Secretary of the Korean
490:
Afterwards, he participated in the Korean Association, an autonomous organization for Koreans in the Manchurian region, and also joined the West Road Military Government, a central leadership organization for the independence movement in the West Jiandao region, and became involved in the
598:
formed the 'National Unity Party Organizational Alliance' in September 1928 and attempted to form a unified autonomous government and a single national party. At this time, he became the representative of the National Unity Party Organizational Alliance along with Kim I-dae (金履大).
457:
banknotes and use them to fund the independence movement. However, he was discovered, arrested, and imprisoned at the Anju Police Station in South Pyeongan Province in 1912. The teacher spent half a year in prison. In 1918, he settled in Heunggyeong-hyeon (now Bongcheon-seong (now
702:
This incident is often called the Changsha Incident (長沙事變) or Nammokcheong Incident in the history of the independence movement. The Provisional Government held a funeral with a state funeral in praise of his decades-long dedication to the liberation of his country.
607:
Revolutionary Party. However, in 1930, due to the incident of party officials being killed or arrested by the Japanese military, he improved the party organization, became the central secretary, took charge of party affairs, and continued the anti-Japanese struggle.
528:
caught by the Japanese police and sentenced to three years in prison. However, after being released from prison in 1924, he crossed the Yalu River again and became active in Tonguibu, an integrated organization of the independence movement in southern Manchuria.
551:
compatriots in deep mountainous areas. Textbooks for first and second grade elementary school students were copied using a brush, and textbooks for upper grades were made using a mimeograph. This was distributed to the children of compatriots in the
646:, China, and conditions were very difficult. The reason the Provisional Government and other important officials went to Changsha was because food was very cheap here and they could communicate and communicate with overseas countries through nearby
51:
719:
Hyeon Ik-cheol, who had been in and out of prison several times and devoted himself to the independence movement with indomitable fighting spirit for over 20 years, passed away on May 7, 1938, without ever seeing his country liberated in vain.
590:(國民府) by integrating several organizations, and was appointed chairman of the central executive committee. The mainstream faction of the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture Volunteer Army, the Civil Affairs Committee of the
1245:
536:
In 1924, he served as Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee in the Daehan Tonguibu, and was in charge of negotiations with Chinese officials and had close contact with the Provisional Government.
768:
638:, Hunan Province with his wife, Bang Sun-hee, and his young son, Jong-hwa, as part of the extended family of the Provisional Government. At that time, the provisional government moved to
571:
the Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture Volunteer Army, including Second Lieutenant Kim Chang-rim (real name 金元國), to execute pro-Japanese activist Shin Han-cheol and his family.
677:, Yoo Dong-yeol, and others gathered at Nanmuting at a banquet, where the Korean Revolutionary Party office was located, to discuss the issue of unification of the three parties.
1225:
423:
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Afterwards, the teacher participated in the Han People Association, an autonomous organization of Koreans in southern Manchuria, and also joined and worked in the
610:
In July 1931, Hyeon, who concurrently served as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Korean Revolutionary Party and Commander-in-Chief of the
524:
attacked and executed Japanese colonial exploitation agencies and pro-Japanese activists. He also worked hard to raise funds for the independence movement.
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591:
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fourth. Ryu suffered serious injuries and Ji minor. Hyeon was seriously injured by a bullet and was taken to the hospital, but died on arrival.
773:
659:
1230:
539:
In January 1925, when the independence movement groups in southern Manchuria were integrated with the Tongui-bu expanding into the
507:
took place in Korea in 1919, the enthusiasm for the independence movement increased. The teacher moved his activities to the North
1030:[ Hyeon Ik-cheol, a graduate of Shinheung Military Academy who led the Manchurian anti-Japanese independence movement].
806:[My maternal grandfather was the independence activist of the month, but I can’t tell my children to live like that.].
783:
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63:
443:
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1100:[‘Hyeon Ik-cheol’ fought against Japanese imperialism as the commander-in-chief of the Joseon Revolutionary Army.].
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751:
738:
In honor of the deceased's merits, the government awarded him a posthumous certificate of independence in 1962, and the
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region, where Korean compatriots were at the center, and participated in the Korean Military Campaign in which General
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104:
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At a fairly young age, Hyeon entered the Haniha, West Jiandao, branch of the Shinheung Military Academy.
370:
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1215:
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independence movement by participating in the Daehan Military Government (大韓軍政署), widely known as the
450:
region and gathered his comrades. But things didn't work out for him, so he returned to his hometown.
1210:
1205:
778:
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in the armed war for independence and decided to receive systematic military education and training.
1220:
1027:
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504:
650:. He then rebuilt and rejoined the Korean Revolutionary Party. In 1937, when Japan provoked the
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634:(南京), where many of the Provisional Government's key figures were staying. Then he arrived in
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1124:
1097:
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and launched a full-scale war of continental invasion, three organizations, including the
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was active. The Daehangunjeongseo was an independence movement organization based on the
912:
148:
1199:
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in Jilin with Yang Gi-tak, Lee Dong-gu, and Cho So-su and was appointed chairman.
512:
20:
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1127:[Honoring the achievements of independence activist Hyeon Ik-cheol].
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50:
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escaping to Manchuria again to avoid surveillance by the Japanese police.
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729:
Kim Gu, President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea,
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446:, He crossed the Yalu River in 1911 and went into exile to the West
710:
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When the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea moved to
422:, and member of the Military Studies Compilation Committee of the
335:
260:
190:
171:
915:[Hyeon Ik-cheol, ‘Independence Activist of September’].
1246:
Members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
951:
888:[Independence activist of September, Hyeon Ik-cheol].
742:
selected him as the independence activist of September 2006.
715:
Hyeon Ik-cheol’s painted portrait by Hyeon's bereaved family
855:[September independence activist Hyeon Ik-cheol.].
769:
List of militant Korean independence activist organizations
622:
Joining the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
410:
who served as chairman of the Tongui Department during the
1063:[September independence activist Hyeon Ik-cheol].
987:[September independence activist Hyeon Ik-cheol].
375:
303:
1028:"[임정100년과 독립운동가] 만주 항일 독립운동 이끈 신흥무관학교 출신 현익철"
414:, chairman of the central executive committee of the
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62:Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the
61:
34:
954:[‘Independence Activist’ Hyeon Ik-cheol].
722:
424:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
699:Mount Akrok in Changsha with a state funeral.
804:""우리 외할아버지는 '이달의 독립운동가'그러나 자식에겐 그렇게 살라고 못해요""
8:
434:Hyun Ik-cheol was born in 1890 in Bakcheon,
401:
341:
325:
266:
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406:; 1890 – May 7, 1938) was a teacher and a
31:
740:Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs
541:Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture
532:Bureau of Justice and Military Prefecture
418:, and central executive secretary of the
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
594:, and Shim Yong-jun's affiliates of the
592:Korean People's Association in Manchuria
16:Korean independence activist (1890–1938)
1185:Encyclopedia of Overseas Korean Culture
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521:Northern Military Administration Office
473:Northern Military Administration Office
1226:People imprisoned on terrorism charges
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774:List of Korean Independence activists
7:
660:Korean National Revolutionary Party
103:Central Executive Secretary of the
1241:People from North Pyongan Province
14:
466:Joining the independence movement
49:
1148:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
402:
342:
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1:
562:He also worked hard to purge
453:There, he attempted to forge
1098:"조선혁명군 총사령관으로 일제와 투쟁한 '현익철'"
1034:(in Korean). September 2019.
784:National People's Prefecture
752:Korean Independence Movement
588:National People's Prefecture
575:National People's Prefecture
416:National People's Prefecture
412:Japanese Occupation of Korea
408:Korean independence activist
64:National People's Prefecture
1182:[Hyeong Ik-Cheol].
1145:[Hyeong Ik-Cheol].
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304:
290:
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757:Korean Revolutionary Party
581:Korean Revolutionary Party
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444:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910
420:Korean Revolutionary Party
213:Korean Revolutionary Party
105:Korean Revolutionary Party
18:
1231:Korean resistance members
762:Korean Revolutionary Army
656:Korean Independence Party
612:Korean Revolutionary Army
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234:
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110:
69:
57:
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579:In 1926, he formed the
1061:"월의 독립운동가 현익철(玄益哲) 선생"
736:
716:
586:In 1927, he organized
436:North Pyongan Province
153:North Pyongan Province
1032:www.sisajournal-e.com
714:
652:2nd Sino-Japanese War
499:Independence activist
430:Early life and career
166:May 7, 1938 (age 48)
23:, the family name is
1125:"독립운동가 현익철 선생 공적 기려"
1102:www.koya-culture.com
913:"'9월의 독립운동가' 현익철 선생"
886:"'9월의 독립운동가' 현익철 선생"
779:Righteous Government
596:Army Advisory Office
357:Revised Romanization
285:Revised Romanization
985:"9월의 독립운동가 현익철 선생"
853:"9월의 독립운동가 현익철 선생"
717:
505:March 1st Movement
442:. Right after the
128:Office established
87:Office established
644:Zhejiang Province
475:in which General
460:Liaoning Province
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371:McCune–Reischauer
299:McCune–Reischauer
195:Republic of China
176:Republic of China
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952:"독립 운동가'현익철 선생"
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689:
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681:Assassination
680:
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628:
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455:Bank of Japan
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230:Hyeon Sook-ja
229:
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222:Bang Soon-hee
221:
217:
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199:
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182:Resting place
180:
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157:Korean Empire
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56:
52:
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40:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1216:Nationalists
1188:(in Korean).
1183:
1151:(in Korean).
1146:
1137:
1131:(in Korean).
1128:
1104:(in Korean).
1101:
1067:(in Korean).
1064:
1031:
991:(in Korean).
988:
958:(in Korean).
955:
919:(in Korean).
916:
892:(in Korean).
889:
859:(in Korean).
856:
812:(in Korean).
807:
798:
737:
730:
723:
718:
701:
697:
693:
684:
664:
629:
625:
609:
605:
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585:
578:
569:
564:pro-Japanese
561:
557:
549:
538:
535:
526:
518:
502:
493:
489:
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469:
452:
433:
393:
392:
305:Hyun Ik-chol
127:
112:
94:Succeeded by
86:
71:
24:
1211:1938 deaths
1206:1890 births
1143:"현익철 (玄益哲)"
630:He went to
513:Kim Jwa-jin
477:Kim Jwa-jin
400::
239:Korean name
201:Nationality
185:Mt. Akrok,
123:Preceded by
98:Kim Ho-seok
82:Preceded by
21:Korean name
1221:Socialists
1200:Categories
790:References
614:, went to
481:Daejonggyo
667:Chongqing
648:Hong Kong
377:Mook-kwan
117:1929–1931
113:In office
76:1929–1931
72:In office
1065:NewsWire
989:NewsWire
956:e-울산광역매일
809:OhmyNews
746:See also
727:—
640:Hangzhou
636:Changsha
616:Shenyang
363:Muk-gwan
313:Art name
227:Children
187:Changsha
168:Changsha
19:In this
690:Motives
632:Nanjing
509:Jiandao
503:As the
448:Jiandao
890:울산종합일보
707:Legacy
671:Kim Ku
658:, the
555:area.
440:Joseon
398:Korean
320:Hangul
245:Hangul
219:Spouse
204:Korean
1180:"현익철"
917:MAEIL
336:Hanja
261:Hanja
191:Hunan
172:Hunan
26:Hyeon
1129:환경일보
857:당진시대
163:Died
146:1890
143:Born
403:현익철
252:김두봉
43:현익철
1202::
1157:^
1110:^
1073:^
1040:^
997:^
964:^
925:^
898:^
865:^
818:^
673:,
642:,
438:,
426:.
327:묵관
193:,
189:,
174:,
170:,
155:,
151:,
733:.
396:(
347:觀
344:默
275:哲
272:益
269:玄
29:.
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