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228:= 1. These discoveries helped show how galaxies have evolved throughout the history of the universe. For example, by measuring redshifts of sources in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources, it was possible to establish the number of such bright radio galaxies per volume in the universe as a function of its age, and find that there were hundreds as times as many radio galaxies at
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being finite. In general, this allows astronomers to study objects as they were many millions or even billions of years ago. Spinrad originally selected targets by looking at the position of members of the
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Spinrad pursued research in a variety of areas of astronomy, including stellar composition, the formation and evolution of galaxies, and the composition of the atmospheres of
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and smaller bodies. In 1964 Spinrad was invited to return to
Berkeley as a professor, and in 1968 he received tenure. He died December 7, 2015.
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in 1975, and then found several more with greater redshifts, including the first identification of a galaxy with a redshift larger than
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To study the formation of galaxies, Spinrad looked for distant galaxies. The more distant an object, the longer it takes light to reach
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in Mars' atmosphere, from which he and his collaborators inferred that Mars has an atmosphere very much more tenuous than Earth's.
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Spinrad spent much of his time at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory looking at the atmospheres of Solar System planets. He discovered
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that he thought would be at high redshift. The search was successful, and
Spinrad found the galaxy with the highest identified
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in 1961, writing his thesis on stellar populations in galactic nuclei. He then took a position as a research scientist at the
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149:. After two years in the Army, he applied to and was accepted to the graduate program at Berkeley in 1957. He earned his
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Spinrad, H.; Münch, Guido; Kaplan, Lewis D. (1963). "Letter to the Editor: the
Detection of Water Vapor on Mars".
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Spinrad, H. (1982). "Redshifts and spectroscopy of very distant radio galaxies with strong emission lines".
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484:(June 21–24, 1999). "Observations of Hyron Spinrad". In Bunker, Andrew; van Breugel, Wil (eds.).
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in astronomy at the
University of California, Berkeley. Following graduation, he enrolled in the
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187:. These diverse topics are united in that Spinrad primarily relied upon measurements of
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The Hy-Redshift
Universe: Galaxy Formation and Evolution at High Redshift
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Spinrad was born in New York in 1934. After his family moved to
488:. Berkeley: Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 1–8.
509:"3C 411 - A Newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift"
98:(February 17, 1934 – December 7, 2015) was an American
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Spinrad, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. (1975).
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Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
404:"Hyron Spinrad, Professor, Berkeley Astronomy Department"
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Kaplan, Lewis D.; Münch, Guido; Spinrad, Hyron (1964).
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Winners of the Dannie
Heineman Prize for Astrophysics
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113:. From 2010 until his death in late 2015 he was an
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286:, discovered in 1981, was named for Hyron Spinrad
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361:"Stellar Populations in the Nuclei of Galaxies"
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719:"National Academy of Sciences: Hyron Spinrad"
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335:"Oral History Transcript — Dr. Hyron Spinrad"
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292:in 1986 for outstanding work in astrophysics
102:. His research has ranged from the study of
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214:Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
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694:"Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics"
454:"Galaxy hunter Hyron Spinrad dies at 81"
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77:Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics
623:"An Analysis of the Spectrum of Mars"
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480:King, Ivan R.; Liebert, James W.;
123:University of California, Berkeley
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216:, as the catalogue included many
663:Dictionary of minor planet names
267:, and derived the abundance of
199:Galaxy formation and evolution
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429:"Hyron Spinrad (1934 - 2015)"
297:National Academy of Sciences
317:Who's who in American Jewry
785:
660:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003).
155:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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244:{\displaystyle \approx }
145:, and began work in the
36:February 17, 1934
251:1 as there are today.
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627:Astrophysical Journal
588:Astrophysical Journal
513:Astrophysical Journal
263:in the atmosphere of
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359:Spinrad, H. (1961).
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109:to the evolution of
639:1964ApJ...139....1K
600:1963ApJ...137.1319S
565:1982PASP...94..397S
525:1975ApJ...198....7S
494:1999ASPC..193.....B
377:1961PASP...73..336S
255:Solar System bodies
207:as a result of the
16:American astronomer
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143:United States Army
673:978-3-540-00238-3
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139:Bachelor of Arts
137:, he received a
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295:Member of the
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269:carbon dioxide
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218:radio galaxies
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722:. Retrieved
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702:. Retrieved
698:the original
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666:. Springer.
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284:3207 Spinrad
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193:spectroscopy
178:Solar System
175:
163:Solar System
132:
95:
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79:(1986)
55:Walnut Creek
769:2015 deaths
744:1934 births
559:: 397–403.
261:water vapor
161:studies of
107:atmospheres
738:Categories
724:2010-04-27
704:2010-04-27
679:2010-05-10
459:2016-01-31
439:2015-12-10
414:2010-04-27
345:2010-04-27
303:References
135:California
100:astronomer
239:≈
129:Biography
119:astronomy
633:: 1–15.
594:: 1319.
519:: 7–11.
281:Asteroid
222:redshift
172:Research
115:emeritus
111:galaxies
635:Bibcode
596:Bibcode
561:Bibcode
521:Bibcode
490:Bibcode
373:Bibcode
320:. 1980.
181:planets
166:planets
121:at the
670:
275:Honors
185:comets
104:planet
70:Awards
57:
205:Earth
151:Ph.D.
668:ISBN
265:Mars
183:and
48:Died
33:Born
643:doi
631:139
604:doi
592:137
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
