398:
49:
219:
577:
282:
40:
682:
715:, as well. In unveiling the new memorial, the mayor of Colditz, Manfred Heinz, said that each generation must always remind the next of the past, that such events are never repeated. He also said that the memorial was not to be seen as just a reminder of the forced laborers of the past, rather as a rejection of
567:
coffee to wash themselves; since it tasted so bad, it was not worth drinking. Following their breakfast of thin coffee, prisoners were forced to perform 12 hours of physically hard labor under the supervision of capricious guards, who vengefully beat them with sticks and screamed at them. Finally, in
588:
told the SS to make some improvements, not because of concern for the prisoners' welfare, but because missile production and therefore the war effort would be negatively affected. One of
Kotkowsky's friends found the conditions so unbearable, he took the opportunity to be returned to Buchenwald with
572:
was found stealing bread. They slept in cold wooden barracks with straw mattresses or just on bare wood during a winter that was exceptionally cold. Another survivor, Stephen Casey (born István Katona), said there were bodies lying in the mud everywhere around the camp, sometimes for days where they
432:
During the war, HASAG had factories in eight German cities and three Polish ones. Most of the workers were either forced laborers, primarily from eastern Europe, or prisoners from concentration camps. The forced laborers lived under heavy police surveillance in barracks near the factories. In 1942
608:
There were no baths to take care of millions of lice, so we had to undress and stand naked waiting at a wall. After freezing for half an hour, they unleashed several fire hoses on us and not everyone was able to withstand that. Each thrust of water in the cold weather knocked us against the wall.
562:
survivor, recalled his arrival there on
December 28, 1944. His group was brought in to build an arms factory in the forest. They had to clear the woods and lay railway tracks. The conditions were deplorable. Aside from the gnawing hunger, there were no sanitary facilities or running water for the
490:
per month were filled with explosives. The average life expectancy of a prisoner sent to work there was two months. In the early hours of
October 12, 1944, an explosion occurred that killed 96 prison laborers. The cause of the explosion was never determined, whether it was sabotage, accident or a
273:
included the news that in
September, the company had, after making some adjustments to its operation, succeeded in obtaining large orders for military supplies, which allowed the company to return to "normal sales revenues". In fact, the company's net profit tripled over its previous non-military
596:
with muddy water. No barracks were hit, which infuriated the SS, who took it out on the prisoners. A few days later, a transport arrived with
Hungarian prisoners, who died soon after from the cold, the starvation and the beatings. Kotkowsky said that "prisoners were always disappearing" and more
268:
for heating and cooking, bicycle headlights and brass sheeting and wire. The company grew to 1200 employees and the value of the stock increased several times. By 1913, the company was a major producer of all types of petroleum and gas lamps. The outbreak of World War I briefly interrupted the
246:
to an industrial plant, with 200 employees. It soon grew to over 300 employees and began exporting not just to other
European countries, but also to South America, Asia and Australia. Schneider died on June 1, 1888, and his son, Johnannes Schneider-Dörfel took over the business.
722:
The Flößberg labor camp was razed after the war. Today, there is a gate marking the spot, though a local group is trying to raise money to erect a more extensive memorial. There is a prisoner cemetery with 38 prisoner graves on the grounds of the former camp, which the state of
498:, the situation in Poland became more dangerous for HASAG's factories. Operations were moved to Germany, establishing a number of smaller operations in different towns around Leipzig with good rail and road connections to the main factory in Leipzig. Labor camps were set up in
309:, but this was a drop from previous levels. In October 1931, the company reported that sales were down nearly 15 percent and the company's value had dropped by nearly 30 percent. The board sought changes in company management and on October 1, 1931, Paul Budin was brought in.
385:. By 1939, HASAG had become one of the biggest arms manufacturers in Germany, with 3,700 employees and annual sales of 22 million Reichsmark. Under Renner's leadership, HASAG remained one of the largest arms manufacturers in central Germany till the end of
433:
and 1943, such labor camps were set up near all six of the factories in Poland. Few workers were there voluntarily and most of those were
Germans in managerial positions. At the beginning of 1942, HASAG had 13,850 employees. They began bringing in Polish
260:, manufacturing metal goods under the name "Hugo Schneider AG (Hasag)". Schneider's sons retained 63 percent of the company, but bankers now sat on the board controlling the company. A venture involving other banks resulted in the opening of a factory in
696:, has an organization devoted to protecting its memory. Tours of the one-time labor camp are given and a number of former prisoners have returned for a visit, even from abroad. There is a memorial plaque at the site and there are plans for a monument.
831:
The precise number of people forced to work at HASAG factories is unclear because many records were destroyed in the war. The numbers below represent a tally of those known to have worked or perished at the factories below and represent a minimum.
549:
nearing the city, Budin blew up the company's main building and office building in
Leipzig. He is assumed to have blown up his family and himself along with them. The company's files were never found and are assumed to have been burned.
486:", making the company the weapon's sole producer in Germany. This enabled HASAG to expand further. At one labor camp, HASAG Werk Schlieben, also called Schlieben-Berga concentration camp, 1.5 million Panzerfaust "Gretchen"
369:
financed the development of the company into an arms manufacturer and the old products became a sideline. In 1935, Budin was promoted to general manager; the main plant in
Leipzig was expanded and new factories were built.
1452:
707:
who perished at the HASAG Colditz labor camp was unveiled at the
Colditz cemetery on March 30, 2007. An earlier memorial to the "Victims of Fascism" was unveiled in 1948 and renovated in 1975, when a
467:
HASAG was able to use women to replace male workers because of automation and their machinery, also the company produced small and medium-sized arms. The company preferred to employ and exploit the
592:
One night, after the factory had been built and gunpowder brought in to begin making weapons, British bombers destroyed the factory in a fifteen-minute bombing raid, after which it rained, filling
734:. The proposal was opposed by Jewish and other groups and the regional administration backed off in November 2010. Now there are plans to fix up the graveyard and improve other parts of the site.
1012:
Prisoners labeled "sick" were often exterminated before they had a chance to recover and Buchenwald had a high mortality rate. In this case, the gamble paid off, though and the prisoner survived.
1337:
646:
After the war, the main factory in Leipzig began to produce cooking pots, milk canisters, lamps and other items until 1947, when the machinery and equipment was dismantled and seized by the
242:, the production of which soon increased with the growing use of gas lighting. Schneider took over his partner's share of the business in 1871 and by 1880, the firm had grown from a simple
1150:
1843:
1382:
176:, a decision that ultimately increased the company's profitability. The loss of military business after the war resulted in dropping sales. HASAG struggled during the 1920s in the
471:
available from numerous Nazi labor camps and maintained by the SS, and became the third largest user of forced laborers in Germany. HASAG employed more women than men because the
1662:
1099:
409:
Initially, only "elite, especially reliable German workers" were allowed to work in the arms industry, but with the outbreak of World War II in 1939 and many men entering the
1823:
198:
88:
226:
The company was founded in September 1863 as Häckel und Schneider in Paunsdorf, near Leipzig, with 20 employees who made lamps by hand. Hugo Schneider was a 27-year-old
1833:
568:
the evening, came a bowl of thin soup with a small piece of bread. Kotkowsky called the hunger "incomprehensible" and said food was so sparingly distributed, even a
1494:
1848:
665:(East Germany). The company MEWA (VEB Metallwaren Leipzig) produced a high-powered lantern according to a HASAG design. The VEB Leuchtenbau Leipzig owned the
1838:
1813:
305:
affected HASAG as well, as workers continually found their remuneration to be inadequate. By 1930, HASAG had 1,000 employees and annual sales of 5 million
622:
With Allied forces nearing and more and more German troops seen in retreat, the SS evacuated Flößberg labor camp on April 13, 1945. They were packed into
161:
making lamps and other small metal products by hand into a large factory and publicly traded company that sold its wares in several countries. During the
1517:
1828:
1803:
647:
1334:
133:
1686:
1240:
563:
prisoners, so they could not wash themselves or their clothing and it rained often, making the camp very muddy. Many inmates used their morning
597:
would simply be brought from other slave labor camps. Within Leipzig and the surrounding towns, more people died at Flößberg than at any other
1628:
711:
was added to commemorate the political prisoners who died. In 1995, two plaques were added to include honor the memory of forced laborers and
1818:
269:
success of the business, as HASAG lost important foreign markets, but this was soon supplanted by the production of small arms. HASAG's 1914
910:/Berga, Schlieben concentration camp, third largest of the 136 Buchenwald labor subcamps with between 2,000 and 5,000 female prisoners from
1716:
1158:
1764:
1470:
Leipzig Permoserstraße Zur Geschichte eines Industrie- und Wissenschaftsstandorts, UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH (2001)
361:
and again received contracts for ammunition production, having been classified as a military supplier. Production began in autumn 1934.
1659:
1096:
366:
185:
169:
using slave labour on a massive scale. Tens of thousands of Jews from Poland, and other prisoners, died producing munition for Hasag.
1756:
1742:
1270:
911:
445:
1808:
1721:
1570:
1288:
1219:
865:(November 30, 1944 – April 13, 1945). 1,902 (primarily Jewish) slave laborers, 235 known deaths, of which, 195 are known by name
534:, as well. As at Colditz, Flößberg's slave laborers were primarily Hungarian and Polish Jews, but one-quarter to one-fifth were
708:
531:
397:
1390:
1153:[Restoring truth about Hasag. At its Skarżysko-Kamienna camp during World War II some 35,000 prisoners perished].
862:
700:
631:
559:
527:
765:
Searchlights, circuit lamps, outdoor lights, stoplights, lanterns, bicycle headlights and tail lights, horns and switches
634:, where they arrived about two weeks later. Many prisoners died along the way. American forces arrived in the village of
475:
charged less for women. They worked more quickly than men and were more adaptable; they also had a lower mortality rate.
1647:
Gedenkstätte zur Erinnerung an die Zwangsarbeiter und Zwangsarbeiterinnen in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in Leipzig
968:
495:
449:
289:
After the war, the company returned to the manufacture of goods it had produced before the war and added production of
1712:
522:. Exact figures for the number of prison laborers are unknown, however, there were at least 718 prisoners, primarily
418:
662:
690:
681:
569:
48:
1514:
328:. As was common in the Nazi armaments industry, nearly all of the deputies and directors were in the SS, the
598:
374:
320:
and Nazi Party member, was appointed manager of HASAG in 1932. One of his deputies was Dr. Georg Mumme, an
546:
206:
in Europe, with armaments factories in Germany and Poland. Though HASAG was dismantled after the war, the
166:
1702:
Documentary about memorial aspects of the HASAG industrial estate, forced labor, and Helmut Kohl's wife
820:
526:
and Polish Jews at the labor camp in Colditz. The factory in Flößberg had at least 1,902 prisoners from
926:
918:
402:
62:
1749:
Wir lebten zwischen Granaten und Gedichten. Das Frauenlager der Rüstungsfabrik HASAG im Dritten Reich
1436:
658:
275:
1683:
1237:
1133:
1151:"Przywrócą prawdę o Hasagu. W skarżyskim obozie pracy w czasie wojny zginęło około 35 tysięcy osób"
1003:("concentration camp"). This is in addition to other names, which refer to them as HASAG factories.
759:
251:
955:
1654:
693:
535:
426:
352:
294:
256:
193:
98:
1555:
902:
855:(1944 – mid-April 1945). 718 known prisoners slave laborers, primarily Hungarian and Polish Jews
456:
was officially calculated. It was three and a half months. There were 16,581 prisoners in these
448:
and then from Buchenwald, setting up a labor subcamp next to every HASAG factory in Germany. At
317:
460:, including 10,557 women, both Jews and non-Jews and 4,025 Jewish men. The main factory in the
1752:
1738:
1631:
1266:
1260:
727:
1238:"Von der Petroleumlampe zur Panzerfaust – Das vergessene Konzentrationslager Schlieben/Berga"
589:
a transport of prisoners too sick to work, betting his chances of survival against the odds.
515:
789:
487:
298:
162:
1690:
1666:
1556:"Landesdirektion Chemnitz lehnt Umbettung ab - Häftlingsfriedhof Flößberg bleibt erhalten"
1521:
1379:
1341:
1292:
1244:
1103:
949:
815:
712:
302:
177:
173:
146:
58:
893:
417:, workers became harder to find. An agreement was reached between the arms inspector and
1479:
731:
704:
651:
627:
333:
325:
321:
265:
158:
136:
as well as at least 13,850 German employees mostly in managerial positions (1942)
54:
1540:
1285:
165:, Hasag became a Nazi arms-manufacturing conglomerate with dozens of factories across
1797:
812:
802:
472:
461:
434:
362:
313:
270:
189:
125:
108:
987:
German sources use several different terms for the satellite labor camps, sometimes
1582:
1409:
1155:
Monograph "Hasag" by Krzysztof Gibaszewski published by Muzeum Orła Białego, Poland
808:
793:
775:
750:
479:
457:
386:
348:
344:
290:
218:
203:
482:
gave HASAG special authority under the title "Hochlauf (run-up, production boost)
1735:
Leipzig Permoserstraße zur Geschichte eines Industrie- und Wissenschaftsstandorts
1708:
604:
In March, the SS decided to give the camp and the prisoners a "spring cleaning".
1265:
Google Books. English translation (2000) Syracuse University Press, p. 183
1259:
Bernhard Frankfurter (ed.), translated and annotated by Susan E. Cernyak-Spatz,
884:
798:
593:
542:
483:
468:
382:
373:
The military contracts were very lucrative because they did not have to arrange
337:
1309:
196:
at the onset of World War II the company expanded to accommodate thousands of
1699:
1643:
official website. (Note: most of the site is not yet translated into English.)
1597:
1439:
Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project (March 2005). Retrieved March 2011
1247:
Schlieben-Berga concentration camp memorial website. Retrieved March 25, 2011
879:
852:
769:
623:
609:
There was no way out. How we survived that ordeal was beyond my understanding.
585:
357:
306:
181:
129:
24:
1779:
1766:
1646:
336:, who later became the head of the military business and helped develop the
238:
and painted wares in 1854. Over the next few years, the company began making
1070:
907:
874:
716:
666:
503:
414:
410:
378:
207:
121:
1558:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. (November 30, 2010). Retrieved March 29, 2011
576:
1453:"Jüdische Gemeinden gegen Umbettung von Toten des KZ-Außenlagers Flößberg"
281:
39:
1751:. Translated from the Hebrew by Susanne Plietzsch. Cologne: Böhlau, 2001
897:
888:
635:
519:
507:
464:
quarter of Leipzig had 5,288 forced laborers, of whom, 5,067 were women.
440:
239:
1640:
848:
541:
In 1945, thousands of prisoners were taken out of HASAG factories in a
523:
499:
329:
243:
235:
231:
227:
202:
from concentration camps and ghettos. It was the third largest user of
154:
20:
929:(1942/1943 to January 1945) using up to 41,800 Jewish forced laborers.
1222:(PDF) Wachauer-Petromax (January 19, 2007). Retrieved March 23, 2011
922:
842:
724:
564:
511:
261:
1674:
933:
680:
670:
401:
Memorial to Jewish forced laborers at labor camp HASAG-Pelcery in
264:, Poland. In 1902, in addition to lamps, the company began making
153:) was a German metal goods manufacturer founded in 1863. Based in
1724:
The list of WW2 German Waffenamt codes, numbers and manufacturers
1393:
Chair in Canadian Jewish Studies (2000). Retrieved March 28, 2011
937:
580:
Monument to the victims of HASAG Werk Schlieben-Berga labor camp
1437:"My Story, 1944–45: Hungary to Buchenwald, Mauthausen and Back"
1106:
Club Courage, e.V. (March 20, 2007) Retrieved March 28, 2011
762:
and bicycle accessories, electrical headlights and fog lights
145:(also known as Hugo Schneider AG, or by its original name in
1262:
The meeting: an Auschwitz survivor confronts an SS physician
1097:"HASAG-Außenlager des KZ Buchenwald in Colditz und Flößberg"
1700:
Vergessener Rüstungsgigant – Die Leipziger HASAG | MDR DOK
1497:
Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt.. Retrieved March 22, 2011
1134:"HASAG: Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft Metalwarenfabrik"
188:
in 1933, growing militarism led to the company's return to
1660:
HASAG-Außenlager des KZ Buchenwald in Colditz und Flößberg
661:, the publicly owned industrial enterprises in the former
1655:
Częstochowa ghetto, important HASAG production facilities
952:, French-Armenian writer, poet, French Resistance fighter
381:, rather they sold in bulk directly to one customer, the
1675:
Geschichte und Erinnerung an den HASAG-Standort Flößberg
1383:
Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies
65:
had an estimated death toll of 35,000 people before 1945
1737:, UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle GmbH, 2001
1600:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 28, 2011
1585:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 22, 2011
1543:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 29, 2011
1412:
Initiative Flößberg gedenkt. Retrieved March 28, 2011
1335:"Führung im ehemaligen Hasag- und KZ-Gelände in Berga"
626:
without food and taken on a circuitous route through
478:
In 1944, Reichs Minister for Armaments and Munitions
1693:
Schlieben-Berga concentration camp memorial website
1136:
Holocaust Research Project. Retrieved March 22, 2011
278:
and other military items in heavy use on the front.
1347:online (October 3, 2009). Retrieved March 25, 2011
151:
Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft Metallwarenfabrik
114:
104:
94:
84:
70:
1458:online. (July 19, 2010). Retrieved March 29, 2011
958:, Czech Communist resistance fighter and historian
657:After 1949, HASAG's civilian patents were used by
355:, HASAG undertook intensive negotiations with the
332:or the SA, most notably Wilhelm Renner, father of
1526:Leipziger Volkszeitung - Muldentaler Kreiszeitung
254:and other banks, the firm was established as an
1844:1863 establishments in the German Confederation
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1310:"KZ-Außenstelle Schlieben Das vergessene Lager"
606:
743:Lighting and heating equipment, camping stoves
297:casings. Sales dropped to pre-war levels. The
1677:Flößberg concentration camp memorial website
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1144:
1142:
689:The former HASAG Werk Schlieben, also called
584:Conditions were so bad at Flößberg, that the
234:, who had started the business making lamps,
8:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
76:
32:
1528:(March 31, 2007). Retrieved March 28, 2011
1315:(April 20, 2009). Retrieved March 25, 2011
1233:
1231:
685:Gate outside the former Flößberg labor camp
669:name "HASAG", and extended it in 1963. The
230:salesman; his partner, Ernst Häckel, was a
192:under the new SS leadership. Following the
1824:Defunct manufacturing companies of Germany
1571:Overview of HASAG Development and Products
1510:
1508:
1506:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
995:("outside site" or "post") and sometimes,
38:
31:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1220:Chronology and overview of Hasag products
1073:conne-island.de Retrieved March 22, 2010
654:. Most of the buildings were demolished.
1834:Manufacturing companies based in Leipzig
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
575:
396:
280:
217:
134:Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
1295:Edward Victor. Retrieved March 18, 2011
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1024:
980:
746:Electrical, home and cooking appliances
437:in spring 1944, and in 1945, had eight
429:, allowing Jews to be used as workers.
1447:
1445:
1410:History of Flößberg concentration camp
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
16:Former German metal goods manufacturer
1524:Club Courage, e.V., republished from
1482:Petroman.de Retrieved March 22, 2011
1305:
1303:
1301:
1149:Mateusz BOLECHOWSKI (July 17, 2014).
991:literally, "outside camp", sometimes
836:Leipzig Permoserstraße (main factory)
250:In 1899, with the involvement of the
172:It began making armaments during the
7:
1849:German companies established in 1863
1280:
1278:
1839:Companies involved in the Holocaust
1814:Nazi concentration camps in Germany
1709:Documents and clippings about HASAG
932:Partner/co-operative production in
728:regional administration in Chemnitz
1573:(PDF) (January 19, 2007) p. 5
554:Life at a HASAG factory labor camp
538:from various countries in Europe.
367:Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt
14:
1641:Leipzig Memorial of Forced Labour
1286:"Altenburg: Philatelic Materials"
730:had suggested should be moved to
601:or as a result of Nazi ideology.
353:growing militarization in Germany
1829:Firearm manufacturers of Germany
1804:Unfree labor during World War II
1722:HASAG ammunition production list
861:Flößberg labor camp, subcamp of
47:
1387:Remnants: Memoirs of A Survivor
616:Remnants: Memoirs of A Survivor
1598:"Den Opfern einen Namen geben"
1495:Trade marks: Document DD463881
532:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
446:Ravensbrück concentration camp
1:
1313:Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten
1157:. EchoDnia.eu. Archived from
863:Buchenwald concentration camp
774:Cast steel, rolled steel and
632:Mauthausen concentration camp
293:to replace the production of
1819:Defunct companies of Germany
1616:. Verlag Bücherkammer (2005)
1614:Das KZ-Aussenlager Schlieben
969:Industrial plans for Germany
452:, the mortality rate for an
349:in control of the government
210:remained in use until 1974.
1713:20th Century Press Archives
1583:History of Flößberg subcamp
845:(also called Hasag Werk II)
1865:
827:HASAG factories, 1942–1945
699:A new memorial for the 72
673:was discontinued in 1974.
663:German Democratic Republic
545:. In April 1945, with the
18:
839:Leipzig, northern factory
299:worldwide economic crisis
46:
37:
496:Soviet offensive in 1945
419:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
274:sales. The company made
186:eventually came to power
1809:Economy of Nazi Germany
1780:51.352635°N 12.433047°E
1665:March 21, 2012, at the
1520:March 21, 2012, at the
1291:April 21, 2019, at the
1102:March 21, 2012, at the
1071:Nazi history in Leipzig
648:Soviet occupation force
599:Nazi concentration camp
1515:"Gedenkstätte Colditz"
1480:"MEWA Starklichtlampe"
1456:Leipziger Volkszeitung
1340:July 25, 2011, at the
756:Enamel and tinned ware
686:
659:Volkseigener Betrieben
620:
581:
406:
286:
223:
184:grew in influence and
167:German-occupied Europe
150:
77:
23:village of Hașag, see
1689:May 29, 2013, at the
1243:May 29, 2013, at the
684:
579:
558:Charles Kotkowsky, a
400:
377:to a large number of
284:
221:
190:small arms production
1785:51.352635; 12.433047
1684:HASAG Werk Schlieben
1391:Concordia University
917:German factories in
423:SS-Obergruppenführer
303:situation in Germany
222:Hugo Schneider, 1888
120:16,581 prisoners of
1776: /
1378:Charles Kotkowsky,
1345:Lausitzer Rundschau
1001:Konzentrationslager
944:Prominent prisoners
760:Automotive lighting
638:on April 14, 1945.
614:Charles Kotkowsky,
560:Flößberg labor camp
536:political prisoners
393:Use of forced labor
347:and the Nazi Party
116:Number of employees
34:
1435:Stephen P. Casey,
927:Częstochowa ghetto
921:with 35,000 dead,
919:Skarżysko-Kamienna
871:Borsdorf (in 1944)
821:Flare Pistol LP 42
768:Electrical bulbs,
694:concentration camp
687:
582:
530:and probably from
427:General Government
407:
287:
257:aktiengesellschaft
224:
199:NS-Zwangsarbeiters
194:invasion of Poland
99:Arms manufacturing
63:Skarżysko-Kamienna
61:. Nearby plant at
1161:on April 28, 2015
914:, and Buchenwald
805:), recoilless gun
790:recoilless weapon
783:Selected weaponry
157:, it grew from a
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78:Hugo Schneider AG
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858:Delitzsch (1944)
713:prisoners of war
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252:Darmstädter Bank
163:Second World War
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950:Louise Aslanian
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903:Berlin-Köpenick
829:
816:rocket launcher
785:
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691:Schlieben-Berga
679:
652:war reparations
644:
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506:, Flößberg (in
435:forced laborers
395:
318:Sturmbannführer
266:portable stoves
216:
178:Weimar Republic
174:First World War
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59:occupied Poland
53:HASAG plant in
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628:Czechoslovakia
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469:prisoner labor
458:labor subcamps
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343:In 1934, with
334:Hannelore Kohl
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454:Außenkommando
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444:, first from
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1163:. Retrieved
1159:the original
1154:
1008:
1000:
999:, short for
996:
992:
988:
983:
894:Oberweißbach
830:
794:Faustpatrone
788:Disposable,
776:noble metals
753:) containers
721:
709:red triangle
698:
688:
656:
645:
621:
615:
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594:bomb craters
591:
583:
557:
540:
493:
480:Albert Speer
477:
466:
453:
438:
431:
422:
408:
387:World War II
375:distribution
372:
356:
345:Adolf Hitler
342:
311:
288:
255:
249:
225:
204:forced labor
197:
171:
142:
141:
89:Slave labour
85:Company type
29:
1783: /
1704:(in German)
1695:(in German)
1679:(in German)
1670:(in German)
1650:(in German)
1636:(in German)
1602:(in German)
1587:(in German)
1560:(in German)
1545:(in German)
1530:(in German)
1499:(in German)
1484:(in German)
1460:(in German)
1414:(in German)
1380:"Flossberg"
1349:(in German)
1317:(in German)
1249:(in German)
1224:(in German)
1108:(in German)
1075:(in German)
993:Außenstelle
912:Ravensbrück
885:Langewiesen
799:Panzerfaust
770:gas mantles
749:Insulated (
719:, as well.
667:trademarked
624:cattle cars
543:death march
484:Panzerfaust
403:Częstochowa
383:Third Reich
338:Panzerfaust
326:Sturmführer
307:Reichsmarks
285:HASAG logos
124:, 5,288 at
72:Native name
55:Częstochowa
1798:Categories
1771:12°25′59″E
1768:51°21′09″N
1634:of Saxony
1632:Bundesland
1020:References
989:Außenlager
880:Meuselwitz
853:labor camp
851:satellite
792:anti-tank
586:commandant
528:Buchenwald
462:Schönefeld
358:Reichswehr
312:Budin, an
182:Nazi Party
130:Buchenwald
126:Schönefeld
1165:April 28,
975:Footnotes
908:Schlieben
875:Altenburg
717:extremism
524:Hungarian
504:Delitzsch
494:With the
441:kommandos
415:Luftwaffe
411:Wehrmacht
379:retailers
240:gas lamps
208:trademark
180:. As the
122:Auschwitz
1687:Archived
1663:Archived
1518:Archived
1338:Archived
1289:Archived
1241:Archived
1100:Archived
963:See also
898:Eisenach
889:Dermbach
887:, later
778:products
636:Flößberg
612:—
520:Borsdorf
508:Frohburg
450:Birkenau
405:, Poland
365:and the
301:and the
228:Silesian
95:Industry
21:Romanian
19:For the
1715:of the
1711:in the
849:Colditz
751:thermal
516:Golzern
500:Colditz
425:of the
330:Gestapo
244:factory
236:tinware
232:plumber
214:History
155:Leipzig
25:Loamneș
1755:
1741:
1269:
923:Kielce
843:Taucha
725:Saxony
701:Polish
677:Legacy
573:fell.
565:ersatz
547:Allies
512:Grimma
491:bomb.
421:, the
351:and a
276:rounds
262:Warsaw
147:German
105:Owners
934:Milan
732:Borna
671:brand
439:Außen
295:shell
143:HASAG
33:HASAG
1753:ISBN
1739:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1167:2015
938:Rome
936:and
925:and
703:and
570:kapo
518:and
488:guns
413:and
1717:ZBW
650:as
630:to
510:),
1800::
1505:^
1444:^
1420:^
1398:^
1389:.
1385:.
1355:^
1323:^
1300:^
1277:^
1230:^
1175:^
1141:^
1114:^
1081:^
1027:^
997:KZ
811:,
514:,
502:,
473:SS
389:.
340:.
322:SA
314:SS
149::
57:,
1169:.
896:/
801:(
324:-
316:-
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
