204:, is 2016 state legislation passed in direct response to federal rulings in support of same-sex marriage. MS H.B. 1523 provides protections for persons, religious organizations, and private associations who choose to provide or withhold services discriminatorily in accordance to the three "deeply held religious beliefs or moral convictions" which are specifically outlined in the bill. These protected beliefs are 1) that marriage is and should be an exclusively heterosexual union, 2) sex should not occur outside of marriage, and 3) that biologically-assigned sex is objective and immutably linked to gender.
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445:"As the State Chamber of Commerce for a state that has proven its hospitable and business-friendly approach, MEC opposes efforts that would intentionally or unintentionally prevent Mississippi businesses from implementing and enforcing non-discrimination policies or that would limit diversity and inclusion impacting their customers and employees. HB 1523 conflicts with this policy."
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Long Beach, Los
Angeles, Miami Beach, New York City, Oakland, Philadelphia, Portland (Maine), Portland (Oregon), Providence, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Fe, Seattle, Tampa, West Palm Beach, and Wilton Manors have all issued travel bans in response to H.B. 1523, barring government employees from non-essential publicly funded travel to Mississippi.
402:, or sexual activity. In addition to the bill's implications for same-sex couples and LGBT identified individuals, opponents of the bill have expressed concern about the potential discriminatory effects of H.B. 1523 on single parents and single-parent families as well as individuals who have had premarital sex. On April 5, 2016, the
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This Act; To
Provide That A Person May Assert A Violation Of This Act As A Claim Against The Government; To Provide Certain Remedies; To Require A Person Bringing A Claim Under This Act To Do So Not Later Than Two Years After The Discriminatory Action Was Taken; To Provide Certain Definitions; And For Related Purposes.
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As of
December 2, 2016, the states of California, Connecticut, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington, the District of Columbia, the counties of Dane (Wisconsin), Franklin (Ohio), Montgomery (Maryland), and Multnomah (Oregon), and the cities of Baltimore, Berkeley, Cincinnati, Dayton, Honolulu,
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Proponents of H.B. 1523 argue that the bill protects individuals, businesses, and organizations from being discriminated against by the government for enacting their religious beliefs. Another argument of the bill's supporters is that H.B. 1523 is an example of
Mississippi enacting exemptions to the
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In the aftermath of these federal rulings, House Bill 1523 was introduced. Mississippi legislators created a bill establishing state-specific exemptions to these federal decisions, namely protection for individuals, organizations, and institutions who choose to deny service to LGBT individuals based
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MS H.B. 1523 protects organizations, companies, and individuals that use any of the aforementioned "deeply held religious beliefs or moral convictions" to justify the choice to deny or offer several different types of services. Individual and organizational decisions that are protected under MS H.B.
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decision. The hearing was held on
November 12, 2014. The marriage ban was found as unconstitutional by Judge Reeves on November 25, 2014. The case was appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. The Fifth Circuit issued a stay of Judge Reeves' order to issue same-sex marriage licenses. When the
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announced his office would not pursue an appeal of Judge Reeves' ruling. In a statement, Hood said, "... all HB 1523 has done is tarnish
Mississippi's image while distracting us from the more pressing issues of decaying roads and bridges, underfunding of public education, the plight of the mentally
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After the passing of H.B. 1523, several state and local government have issued bans preventing travel to the state of
Mississippi. These travel bans are intended to express these communities' opposition to the bill and its effects on Mississippians, particularly LGBT Mississippians. The backlash is
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released a statement which read: "As a predominantly black city in
Mississippi, the Jackson community has endured racism, discrimination and injustice over the years. We are Mississippi's capital city, and as part of our declaration of being the 'Bold New City,' we will not discriminate against any
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An Act To Create The "protecting
Freedom Of Conscience From Government Discrimination Act"; To Provide Certain Protections Regarding A Sincerely Held Religious Belief Or Moral Conviction For Persons, Religious Organizations And Private Associations; To Define A Discriminatory Action For Purposes Of
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case still represented by
Roberta Kaplan filed a motion to reopen the lawsuit in opposition to the bill. Specifically, Kaplan's motion argued that provisions in H.B. 1523 that allow circuit clerk and state workers to recuse themselves from performing their duties are in violation of the Fourteenth
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opinion reads: "We do not foreclose the possibility that a future plaintiff may be able to show clear injury-in-fact that satisfies the 'irreducible constitutional minimum of standing,' ... he federal courts must withhold judgment unless and until that plaintiff comes forward. The preliminary
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In April 2016, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office issued a warning to LGBT travelers to North Carolina and Mississippi. The Human Rights Campaign responded that it was "both frightening and embarrassing that one of our nation's staunchest allies has warned its citizens of the risks."
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issued a preliminary injunction blocking the law on June 30. Three days before, he had issued a permanent injunction requiring government officials to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples regardless of the officials' religious beliefs. On June 23, 2017, the
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drew a direct connection between Obergefell and H.B. 1523 when she introduced the bill on the Mississippi Senate floor, saying, "this is presenting a solution to the crossroads we find ourselves in today as a result of Obergefell v. Hodges."
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Several different lawsuits have aimed to derail and overturn H.B. 1523. In June 2016 before H.B. 1523 was scheduled to originally go into effect, two lawsuits in U.S. District Court challenged the constitutionality of the bill:
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1523 include—but are not limited to—issuing marriage licenses, granting adoptions, hiring practices (including state employees), healthcare coverage, housing agreements, as well as specific medical services (including
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Opponents of H.B. 1523 argue that the bill denies LGBT people of their constitutionally-protected rights. Some claim that this enables individuals, businesses, and organizations to justify discrimination based on
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ill and the need to solve our state's financial mess." Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant has retained the services of a private attorney, Drew Snyder, to continue the appeal in federal court using private funds.
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On June 30, 2016, hours before the law was to come into force, Judge Reeves issued a preliminary injunction blocking the rest of HB 1523. In a sixty-page opinion finding that the law violates the
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On May 12, 2016, the European Union released a statement condemning the Religious Liberty Accommodations Act in Mississippi and the Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act in North Carolina.
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was a suit filed in federal district court before H.B. 1523 was even drafted, on October 20, 2014. The plaintiffs were the ACLU and several individual Mississippians represented by
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The passing of H.B. 1523 has received criticism and sparked backlash from some Mississippi communities, other municipalities and states, and communities all across the globe.
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throughout the U.S. (including in Mississippi) and found that the right to marry is a fundamental right within the U.S. and cannot legally be denied to same-sex couples.
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On April 1, 2016, the Mississippi House of Representatives passed the bill as amended by the Senate, with 69 ayes, 44 nays, 7 absent or not voting, and 1 voted present.
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Biloxi, MS also unanimously passed a resolution calling for H.B. 1523's repeal on April 19, 2016. The resolution was originally introduced by Mayor FoFo Gilich.
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injunction is REVERSED, and a judgment of dismissal for want of jurisdiction is RENDERED." The three-judge panel who heard the case (which also included Judge
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Several cities within Mississippi have denounced H.B. 1523 and called for its repeal. The Mississippi Economic Council has voiced opposition to H.B. 1523:
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decision legalized same-sex marriage, the Fifth Circuit's stay was overturned and marriage licenses were issued for same-sex couples within Mississippi.
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After being passed through Mississippi legislature, H.B. 1523 was originally intended to come into effect on July 1, 2016; however, U.S. District Judge
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aimed to prevent H.B. 1523 from going into effect, arguing that the bill goes against the federal ruling in favor of same-sex marriage made in the
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In October 2017, the case was appealed to the United States Supreme Court. In January 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court passed on reviewing the
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On June 30, 2016, hours before the law was to come into force, Judge Reeves issued a preliminary injunction blocking the rest of HB 1523.
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individual because of race, religious beliefs or sexual orientation, nor do we support legislation that allows for such discrimination."
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entered a permanent injunction blocking HB 1523's provision allowing county clerks to recuse themselves from issuing marriage licenses.
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for signing into law H.B. 1523. A week later, 95 Mississippi writers signed a letter opposing H.B. 1523.; the list of signees includes
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protects all individuals' rights equally and prohibits governments from preserving religious beliefs over the rights of people. Mayor
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Governor Phil Bryant and John Davis, executive director of the Mississippi Department of Human Services, appealed the District Court
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677:) agreed unanimously. This ruling reversed Judge Reeves' earlier decision in U.S. District Court; thus, H.B. 1523 went into effect.
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challenged Mississippi's statutory and constitutional denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples before the 2015 federal
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1022:"Mississippi's Senate just approved a sweeping 'religious liberty' bill that critics say is the worst yet for LGBT rights"
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unanimously passed a resolution opposing H.B. 1523. The resolution states that the state's capitol acknowledges that the
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1875:"Hales cancels Mississippi trip due to anti-gay law; No city travel to Mississippi until the anti-gay law is overturned"
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to bring the lawsuit. The Fifth Circuit accordingly lifted the injunctions, allowing the law to go into effect. The
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1409:"Iles, Grisham, Eubanks, Reed, Smith, Stockett, Laymon, Tartt Among 95 Mississippi Writers Opposing Anti-LGBT Law"
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On July 21, 2016, Attorney Roberta A. Kaplan filed an affidavit to illuminate the role that the Christian lobby
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filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court against Judy Moulder, a Mississippi state registrar of vital records.
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blocking HB 1523's provision allowing county clerks to recuse themselves from issuing marriage licenses.
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In September 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied the petition for a rehearing
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On July 7, 2016, Governor Phil Bryant filed an appeal against Judge Reeves' preliminary injunction.
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that the denial of marriage rights to same-sex couples is unconstitutional. This decision legalized
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The two cases were consolidated for the preliminary injunction proceedings in U.S. District Court.
1905:"Salt Lake City Mayor Jackie Biskupski bans city travel to states that have passed anti-LGBT laws"
1702:
882:
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1842:
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Amendments. On January 8, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case without comment.
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were eleven individual Mississippians and The Joshua Generation Metropolitan Community Church of
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586:
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1920:"Mayor Ed Lee Bans City-Funded Travel To Mississippi After Anti-LGBT Bill Signed By Governor"
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2201:"Supreme Court says 'no' to LGBT supporters appealing Mississippi's 'religious freedom' law"
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Long Beach council suspends city travel to North Carolina, Mississippi due to anti-LGBT laws
874:
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419:
301:
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reversed Reeves' district court decision, holding that the plaintiffs in the lawsuit lacked
1667:"'I'm appalled this is happening': PDX Mayor cancels trip to Mississippi over anti-gay law"
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1602:
1336:"Mississippi's H.B. 1523 to Become the Worst Anti-LGBTQ State Law | Human Rights Campaign"
936:
866:
821:"Five things to know about Mississippi's 'Religious Freedom' law that takes effect Friday"
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293:
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On behalf of the case's plaintiffs, Robert McDuff appealed the Fifth Circuit decision in
985:"Judge Invalidates Mississippi's Same-Sex Adoption Ban, the Last of Its Kind in America"
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661:
229:
139:
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2011:
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1208:"MS Attorney General Hood Will Not Appeal Federal Ruling on HB 1523 - HottyToddy.com"
513:
2533:
883:
House Bill 1523: Protecting Freedom of Conscience from Government Discrimination Act
381:
On June 23, 2017, Judge Reeves' injunction was lifted and the law went into effect.
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3412:
2437:"SEALED WITH A KISS: Meridian couple faces uncertain future under cloud of HB 1523"
1682:"Baltimore mayor bans government travel to N.C., Mississippi over transgender laws"
1159:
1129:"Federal Judge Criticizes Mississippi Marriage Recusal Law, Will Expand Injunction"
609:
512:
similar to what North Carolina experienced after passing the widely controversial "
423:
411:
36:
1791:"Miami Beach mayor sponsors resolution banning North Carolina, Mississippi travel"
1638:"Franklin County commissioners ban employee travel to North Carolina, Mississippi"
734:
Amendment. For the case's hearing in U.S. District Court it was consolidated with
2348:"Emails show outside group's influence on Mississippi's 'religious freedom' bill"
1653:"Montgomery County Council approves resolution to ban travel to anti-LGBT states"
892:
862:
458:
415:
407:
344:
320:, titled "Protecting Freedom of Conscience from Government Discrimination Act".
313:
285:
161:
124:
2251:"5th Circuit to hear appeals in Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas marriage rulings"
1967:"West Palm Beach Mayor Jeri Muoio enacts city-funded travel ban to Mississippi"
1381:"Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant Signs Law Attacking LGBT People and Families"
1155:"Why Mississippi's Law on Religious rights and LGBT Discrimination Got Blocked"
560:
was brought forward by Mississippi civil rights attorney Robert McDuff and the
2787:
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1953:"Santa Fe bans most travel to Mississippi, North Carolina over anti-LGBT laws"
590:
55:
2276:"Mississippi Locals Celebrate SCOTUS Decision but Wait for Marriage Licenses"
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California will no longer pay for state workers to travel to anti-LGBT states
334:
passed an amended bill, with a 32 ayes, 17 nays, and 1 absent or not voting.
2372:"CSE v. Bryant III (HB 1523 lawsuit in MS) | Campaign for Southern Equality"
427:
347:
signed the bill. The bill was intended to go into effect on July 1, 2016.
2322:
1890:"Elorza bans employee travel to N.C., Miss. following controversial laws"
1777:"Los Angeles Bars Worker Travel To North Carolina, Mississippi Over Laws"
634:
378:
announced his office would not pursue an appeal of Judge Reeves' ruling.
375:
1939:"San Jose Votes to Ban Government Travel to North Carolina, Mississippi"
1183:"U.S. district judge strikes down Mississippi's 'religious freedom' law"
477:
States and municipalities banning publicly funded travel to Mississippi
2055:"European Union Criticizes Anti-LGBT Laws | Human Rights Campaign"
1986:"Wilton Manors employees won't be going to North Carolina, Mississippi"
748:
613:
17:
2318:"Federal Judge Halts Mississippi Anti-LGBT Law From Going Into Effect"
2297:"Mississippi Clerks Issuing Same-Sex Licenses with AG Hood's Approval"
2130:"Federal Judge Halts Mississippi Anti-LGBT Law From Going Into Effect"
2418:"U.S. Supreme Court Leaves Intact Mississippi Law Curbing Gay Rights"
2176:"Plaintiffs appeal HB 1523 to U.S. Supreme Court | Mississippi Today"
1449:"Biloxi City Council passes resolution calling for repeal of HB 1523"
950:"Victory for HB 1523, Governor as U.S. Supreme Court Declines Review"
2226:"Supreme Court Refuses To Act In The Face Of Extreme Anti-LGBTQ Law"
2155:"House Bill 1523 Becomes Law after 5th Circuit Overturns Injunction"
1541:"New York, Vermont ban official travel to Mississippi over LGBT law"
907:"The Muted Fight Against HB 1523, the Most Anti-LGBT Law in America"
616:. Judge Reeves further compares Governor Bryant's opposition to the
327:
passed the bill, with 80 ayes, 39 nays, and 3 absent or not voting.
265:
which had been in effect since 2000, declaring it unconstitutional.
30:
Protecting Freedom of Conscience from Government Discrimination Act.
202:
Protecting Freedom of Conscience from Government Discrimination Act
1607:
1363:
Riley-Collins, Jennifer, and Zakiya Summers. "HB 1523 Hits Home."
472:
500: Publicly funded travel banned by city and county government
488: Publicly funded travel banned by city and state government
2537:
729:
After the passage of H.B. 1523, in May 2016, plaintiffs in the
350:
On April 12, 2016, Mississippi state representatives including
2626:
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
1861:"Portland, Maine, bans travel to Mississippi, North Carolina"
3341:
History of violence against LGBT people in the United States
3301:
U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions
1623:"Madison, Dane County Ban Employee Travel To North Carolina"
263:
Mississippi's ban on adoption privilege for same-sex couples
2043:
http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2016/160512_02_en.htm
1100:"Mississippi Lawmakers Act to Repeal Religious Freedom Law"
1817:"States, cities ban employee travel to Mississippi, N.C."
1510:"The Latest: Conservative leader praises Mississippi law"
1261:"'Religious freedom' law upheld by federal appeals court"
2671:
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
2485:"ACLU HB1523 Lawsuit | Jackson Free Press | Jackson, MS"
1114:"Mississippi Democrats introduce bill to repeal HB 1523"
494: Publicly funded travel banned by county government
3498:
Discrimination against LGBT people in the United States
2397:"Second HB 1523 Petition Filed with U.S. Supreme Court"
1718:"Cincinnati set to ban government travel to N.C., Miss"
1403:
1401:
612:
while ignoring Leviticus's other prohibitions, such as
482: Publicly funded travel banned by state government
390:
federal Obergefell decision through state legislation.
1558:"Washington state bans official travel to Mississippi"
506: Publicly funded travel banned by city government
3436:
3392:
Disney and Florida's Parental Rights in Education Act
769:
In May 2016, Nykolas Alford, Stephen Thomas, and the
1703:"Berkeley adopts 'hate states' travel, contract ban"
654:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
647:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
226:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
3354:
3323:
3306:
Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state
3291:
3134:
3090:
3067:
3049:
2786:
2723:
2578:
2571:
1596:
Mayor Bowser Bans City-Funded Travel To Mississippi
971:"AG gives clerks OK for same-sex marriage licenses"
174:
Mississippi Student Religious Liberties Act of 2013
167:
156:
148:
138:
130:
119:
111:
101:
93:
83:
73:
43:
29:
2108:In the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
1524:"Dayton Issues New Travel Ban Against Mississippi"
261:issued a preliminary injunction striking down the
244:On June 26, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
2012:"UK warns gay travellers about US anti-LGBT laws"
1473:"N.C. travel-ban count mounts, now at 18 cities"
846:MS HB 1523, Mississippi State Legislature, 2016.
781:decision. On October 17, 2016, the Court stayed
2521:court order blocking marriage license provision
1793:. WPLG Local 10. April 12, 2016. Archived from
633:On July 13, 2016, Mississippi Attorney General
374:On July 13, 2016, Mississippi Attorney General
354:introduced a suspension resolution, titled the
269:on religious beliefs. Republican State Senator
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1550:
1430:"Jackson City Council: We do not discriminate"
700:Campaign for Southern Equality (CSE) v. Bryant
3346:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
2549:
1733:"Dayton Mayor bans travel to NC, Mississippi"
1311:"The Supreme Falsehoods of HB 1523 Opponents"
356:Mississippi Economic and Tourism Recovery Act
178:Mississippi Religious Freedom Restoration Act
8:
3208:State bans on local anti-discrimination laws
2528:, No. 3:16-CV-442 (S.D. Miss. June 30, 2016)
2519:, No. 3:14-CV-818 (S.D. Miss. June 27, 2016)
2030:"Local laws and customs - USA travel advice"
1003:"Federal judge tosses same-sex adoption ban"
1286:"In support of Mississippi House Bill 1523"
895:. April 5, 2016. Accessed on April 6, 2016.
688:, claiming that the bill violates both the
3138:
2774:Presidential Memorandum of August 25, 2017
2584:
2575:
2556:
2542:
2534:
1052:. State of Mississippi. February 19, 2016.
35:
1843:"Oakland mayor on board with travel bans"
1578:"Ten U.S. Mayors Form Pro-LGBT Coalition"
1475:. 12 News. April 14, 2016. Archived from
1232:"AG Jim Hood won't appeal HB 1523 ruling"
930:Judge blocks HB 1523 from starting July 1
858:
856:
854:
852:
789:from the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals.
753:Campaign for Southern Equality v. Bryant.
608:, Judge Reeves notes HB 1523 singles out
547:Campaign for Southern Equality v. Bryant.
3225:Florida Parental Rights in Education Act
2631:Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010
2517:Campaign for Southern Equality v. Bryant
1863:. Morganton News Herald. April 26, 2016.
1748:"Honolulu Won't Fund Travel To NC, Miss"
1535:
1533:
1063:H. B. No. 1523: Senate Passed As Amended
706:Campaign for Southern Equality v. Bryant
575:Campaign for Southern Equality v. Bryant
194:Mississippi House Bill 1523 (H.B. 1523),
3443:
2750:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
2740:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
2084:"Legal Fight Against HB 1523 Continues"
1082:H. B. No. 1523: House Passed As Amended
1071:. State of Mississippi. March 30, 2016.
1046:H. B. No. 1523: House Passed As Amended
939:, Cassie Archebelle, WADM, July 1, 2016
809:
257:On March 31, 2016, U.S. District Judge
61:
2695:G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board
1955:. Santa Fe New Mexican. April 6, 2016.
1088:. State of Mississippi. April 1, 2016.
585:On June 27, 2016, U.S. District Judge
361:On June 27, 2016, U.S. District Judge
26:
3382:Arnold Schwarzenegger and LGBT rights
2077:
2075:
1969:. WPTV. April 7, 2016. Archived from
1819:KENS 5. April 7, 2016. Archived from
1746:Hofschneider, Anita (April 7, 2016).
1206:Bryant, Callie Daniels (2016-07-13).
536:Challenges to H.B. 1523 in the Courts
7:
1576:Villarreal, Yezmin (April 8, 2016).
1086:Mississippi House of Representatives
1050:Mississippi House of Representatives
888:Mississippi House of Representatives
842:
840:
815:
813:
572:. When heard in District Court, the
325:Mississippi House of Representatives
198:Religious Liberty Accommodations Act
151:Mississippi House of Representatives
88:Mississippi House of Representatives
3331:LGBT movements in the United States
2530:court order blocking all of HB 1523
1984:Barszewski, Larry (April 8, 2016).
1716:Coolidge, Sharon (April 11, 2016).
3387:LGBT protests against Donald Trump
3336:LGBTQ history in the United States
25:
2565:LGBTQ rights in the United States
2174:Campbell, Larrison (2017-10-10).
2104:"Opening Brief, Barber v. Bryant"
1779:. CBS Sacramento. April 15, 2016.
1701:Bajko, Matthew (April 28, 2016).
1259:Campbell, Larrison (2017-06-22).
3470:
3458:
3446:
3419:
3418:
3406:
3311:Sodomy laws in the United States
1937:Fernandez, Lisa (May 17, 2016).
1731:Rodzinka, Paul (April 8, 2016).
1098:Reilly, Katie (April 12, 2016).
664:. An excerpt from Circuit Judge
2763:DoD Directive 1304.26
2416:Stohr, Greg (January 8, 2018).
1636:Sewell, Abby (April 26, 2016).
1543:. NEWS10 ABC-22. April 6, 2016.
1127:Geidner, Chris (27 June 2016).
751:submitted by the plaintiffs of
406:lambasted Mississippi Governor
2465:American Civil Liberties Union
2376:Campaign for Southern Equality
1988:. Sun Sentinel. Archived from
1903:Harrie, Dan (April 12, 2016).
1888:McGowan, Dan (April 8, 2016).
1680:Prudente, Tim (May 10, 2016).
1651:Riley, John (April 27, 2016).
1625:. Wisconsin Public Radio News.
1621:Shah, Parth (April 18, 2016).
969:Royals, Kate (June 29, 2015).
905:Allen, Samantha (2017-11-01).
771:American Civil Liberties Union
744:played in drafting H.B. 1523.
562:Mississippi Center for Justice
358:, aimed at repealing HB 1523.
1:
3362:Congressional Equality Caucus
1877:. KOIN 6 News. April 6, 2016.
1512:. Times Union. April 6, 2016.
1428:Wolfe, Anna (April 6, 2016).
2249:Staff Reports (2015-01-08).
1918:Batey, Eva (April 6, 2016).
578:case was consolidated under
1560:. WCSH6.com. April 6, 2016.
1526:. CBS Local. April 6, 2016.
1153:Green, Emma (1 July 2016).
1116:. WVIB.com. April 13, 2016.
686:United States Supreme Court
627:Brown v. Board of Education
236:declined to hear the case.
3529:
2713:303 Creative LLC v. Elenis
2636:Violence Against Women Act
799:LGBT rights in Mississippi
742:Alliance Defending Freedom
606:United States Constitution
455:United States Constitution
323:On February 19, 2016, the
3400:
3220:Anti-LGBT curriculum laws
3198:Employment discrimination
3141:
2765:("Don't ask, don't tell")
2587:
2199:Lee, Anita (2018-01-08).
865:; Arnold, William Tracy;
183:
172:
50:
34:
3112:Northern Mariana Islands
2707:Respect for Marriage Act
2642:United States v. Windsor
2489:www.jacksonfreepress.com
1907:. The Salt Lake Tribune.
1705:. The Bay Area Reporter.
1334:Campaign, Human Rights.
761:Fifth Circuit decision.
259:Daniel Porter Jordan III
210:sex reassignment surgery
106:Mississippi State Senate
3513:Politics of Mississippi
3156:Conversion therapy bans
2769:Defense of Marriage Act
2735:Immigration Act of 1917
2327:. No. 30 June 2016
1922:. SFist. Archived from
598:Equal Protection Clause
330:On March 30, 2016, the
45:Mississippi Legislature
3166:Housing discrimination
1720:. Cincinnati Enquirer.
1669:. KATU. April 6, 2016.
785:pending a decision in
614:mixing wool and linens
524:International response
508:
449:On April 6, 2016, the
447:
316:officially introduced
144:July 1, 2016; enjoined
3377:LGBT people in prison
3252:Domestic partnerships
3232:Public accommodations
2745:Executive Order 10450
2702:Executive Order 13988
2649:Executive Order 13672
2613:Executive Order 13087
2600:Executive Order 12968
1340:Human Rights Campaign
973:. The Clarion-Ledger.
825:The Commercial Appeal
624:'s opposition to the
620:decision to Governor
476:
443:
404:Human Rights Campaign
3493:2016 in LGBT history
3237:Religious exemptions
3059:District of Columbia
2683:Harris Funeral Homes
2655:Obergefell v. Hodges
893:State of Mississippi
877:; Shirley, William;
618:Obergefell v. Hodges
602:Establishment Clause
589:entered a permanent
564:. The plaintiffs of
451:Jackson City Council
290:William Tracy Arnold
247:Obergefell v. Hodges
3503:LGBT in Mississippi
3122:U.S. Virgin Islands
2593:One, Inc. v. Olesen
2461:"Alford v. Moulder"
1752:Honolulu Civil Beat
666:Jerry Edwin Smith's
278:Legislative history
168:Related legislation
3271:Transgender rights
3191:Sexual orientation
2756:Bowers v. Hardwick
2435:Downard, Whitney.
1973:on April 10, 2016.
1601:2016-04-13 at the
1594:Korzius, Rachel. "
1434:The Clarion-Ledger
1367:, Jun, 2016, pp. 1
1290:The Clarion Ledger
1068:Mississippi Senate
935:2016-07-02 at the
660:plaintiffs lacked
652:On June 23, 2017,
509:
396:sexual orientation
340:On April 5, 2016,
332:Mississippi Senate
214:conversion therapy
3434:
3433:
3372:Save Our Children
3319:
3318:
3130:
3129:
2782:
2781:
2619:Lawrence v. Texas
2395:Dreher, Arielle.
2295:Dreher, Arielle.
2224:Rubino, Kathryn.
2180:Mississippi Today
2153:Dreher, Arielle.
2082:Dreher, Arielle.
1992:on April 14, 2016
1926:on April 9, 2016.
1847:Bay Area Reporter
1797:on April 23, 2016
1687:The Baltimore Sun
1611:. April 12, 2016.
1479:on April 23, 2016
1265:Mississippi Today
1007:Mississippi Today
875:Gipson, J. Andrew
871:Carpenter, Lester
783:Alford v. Moulder
775:Alfred v. Moulder
765:Alford v. Moulder
736:Barber v. Bryant.
711:Roberta A. Kaplan
587:Carlton W. Reeves
469:National response
363:Carlton W. Reeves
252:same-sex marriage
221:Carlton W. Reeves
191:
190:
97:February 19, 2016
16:(Redirected from
3520:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3442:
3422:
3421:
3413:LGBTQ portal
3411:
3410:
3409:
3139:
3051:Federal district
2687:Altitude Express
2585:
2576:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2535:
2526:Barber v. Bryant
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
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2475:
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2457:
2451:
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2448:
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2382:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2316:Geidner, Chris.
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2265:
2264:
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2261:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2128:Geidner, Chris.
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2057:. Archived from
2051:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2018:. 21 April 2016.
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1849:. April 7, 2016.
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
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1813:
1807:
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1787:
1781:
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1656:
1648:
1642:
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1633:
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1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1383:. Archived from
1377:
1371:
1365:Jackson Advocate
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:on June 25, 2017
1342:. Archived from
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1281:
1275:
1274:
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1178:
1172:
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1124:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1078:
1072:
1059:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1009:. 31 March 2016.
999:
993:
992:
991:. 31 March 2016.
981:
975:
974:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
946:
940:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
902:
896:
881:; Eubanks, Dan.
867:Bounds, C. Scott
860:
847:
844:
835:
834:
832:
831:
817:
787:Barber v. Bryant
682:Barber v. Bryant
675:Catharina Haynes
658:Barber v. Bryant
645:decision to the
643:Barber v. Bryant
622:James P. Coleman
580:Barber v. Bryant
566:Barber v. Bryant
558:Barber v. Bryant
553:Barber v. Bryant
543:Barber v. Bryant
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
420:W. Ralph Eubanks
302:J. Andrew Gipson
298:Lester Carpenter
271:Jenifer Branning
196:also called the
39:
27:
21:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3508:Mississippi law
3483:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3407:
3405:
3396:
3350:
3315:
3293:
3287:
3257:by municipality
3242:Same-sex unions
3203:by municipality
3171:Intersex rights
3126:
3093:
3086:
3063:
3045:
2778:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2567:
2562:
2511:Text of the law
2507:
2502:
2493:
2491:
2483:
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2478:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2454:
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2415:
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2410:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2352:Washington Post
2346:Neely, Tucker.
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2315:
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2310:
2301:
2299:
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2259:
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2234:
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2223:
2222:
2218:
2209:
2207:
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2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1941:. NBC Bay Area.
1936:
1935:
1931:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1823:on May 11, 2016
1815:
1814:
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1800:
1798:
1789:
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1774:
1770:
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1740:
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1715:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1655:. Metro Weekly.
1650:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1603:Wayback Machine
1593:
1589:
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1574:
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1556:
1555:
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1539:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1508:
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1503:
1496:
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1471:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1427:
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1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1309:Perkins, Tony.
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1284:McAdoo, Larry.
1283:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1187:Washington Post
1181:Tucker, Neely.
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1079:
1075:
1060:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1026:Washington Post
1020:Kaplan, Sarah.
1019:
1018:
1014:
1001:
1000:
996:
983:
982:
978:
968:
967:
963:
954:
952:
948:
947:
943:
937:Wayback Machine
928:
924:
915:
913:
911:The Daily Beast
904:
903:
899:
861:
850:
845:
838:
829:
827:
819:
818:
811:
807:
795:
767:
702:
656:found that the
570:Hattiesburg, MS
555:
538:
526:
507:
503:
501:
497:
495:
491:
489:
485:
483:
479:
471:
439:
400:gender identity
387:
352:Rep. Jay Hughes
318:House Bill 1523
306:William Shirley
294:C. Scott Bounds
283:Representatives
280:
242:
149:First chamber:
69:
66:
60:
59:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3526:
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3516:
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3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3467:
3455:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3416:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3367:Lavender Scare
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3321:
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3308:
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3259:
3249:
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3227:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Age of consent
3148:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:American Samoa
3098:
3096:
3092:Unincorporated
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3082:Indian Country
3079:
3073:
3071:
3069:Tribal nations
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2991:South Carolina
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2956:North Carolina
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
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2808:
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2798:
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2777:
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2760:
2752:
2747:
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2737:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2675:
2667:
2663:Pavan v. Smith
2659:
2651:
2646:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2606:Romer v. Evans
2602:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2538:
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2531:
2522:
2513:
2506:
2505:External links
2503:
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2003:
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1447:Keeton, Hugh.
1439:
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1251:
1240:. 14 July 2016
1237:Clarion Ledger
1223:
1212:HottyToddy.com
1198:
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879:Boyd, Randy P.
848:
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671:Jennifer Elrod
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437:Local Response
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120:Signed by
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115:March 30, 2016
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109:
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102:Passed by
99:
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91:
90:
85:
84:Passed by
81:
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63:
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32:
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3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
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3299:
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3290:
3284:
3283:Bathroom bill
3281:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
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3161:Hate crimes
3117:Puerto Rico
3094:territories
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2826:Connecticut
2724:Repealed or
2274:King, Guy.
1369:. ProQuest.
459:Tony Yarber
416:Donna Tartt
408:Phil Bryant
345:Phil Bryant
314:Dan Eubanks
286:Philip Gunn
162:Philip Gunn
125:Phil Bryant
3487:Categories
3294:overturned
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2941:New Jersey
2816:California
2726:overturned
2494:2018-09-25
2470:2018-09-25
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673:and Judge
630:decision.
591:injunction
310:Randy Boyd
240:Background
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3324:Movements
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2881:Louisiana
2572:By entity
1996:April 13,
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2323:BuzzFeed
2016:BBC News
1827:April 9,
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